Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld (2025)
Zitatform
Goetz, Valentina, Ingo Isphording, Jonas Jessen & Stefanie Wolter (2025): Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld. (IAB-Kurzbericht 09/2025), Nürnberg, 7 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2509
Abstract
"Sexuelle Belästigung ist eine substanzielle Belastung für die direkt Betroffenen und ihr (Arbeits-)Umfeld – und damit potenziell auch eine wirtschaftliche Belastung für Betriebe. Wie verbreitet sexuelle Belästigung und präventive Maßnahmen in Betrieben sind, wurde dennoch bisher nicht umfassend untersucht. Zwei Befragungen des IAB zeigen nun, wie häufig sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz vorkommt und welche Auswirkungen Betriebe und Beschäftigte infolgedessen erwarten. Darüber hinaus wird dokumentiert, welche Maßnahmen Betriebe ergreifen, um solche Vorfälle zu verhindern oder darauf zu reagieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die in ihrem Berufsleben einen Fall sexueller Belästigung im näheren Arbeitsumfeld erlebt haben
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz aus Sicht der Betriebe
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
- Anteil der Betriebe, in denen es in den vergangenen zwei Jahren Fälle sexueller Belästigung gab
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die die jeweilige Situation als sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz wahrnehmen
- Jede/jeder fünfte Beschäftigte ist betroffen oder Zeuge von sexueller Belästigung
- Vermutete betriebliche Reaktion bei einem Fall sexueller Belästigung
- Betriebliche Verfahren zum Umgang mit sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz und präventive Maßnahmen der Betriebe
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Literaturhinweis
Sleep duration, work-to-family conflicts and telecommuting: a mediation analysis among German mothers and fathers (2025)
Zitatform
Golsch, Katrin & Ayhan Adams (2025): Sleep duration, work-to-family conflicts and telecommuting: a mediation analysis among German mothers and fathers. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2455660
Abstract
"The study investigates the consequences of work-to-family conflicts in telecommuting arrangements for parents' sleep duration. We discuss the potential relationships from the perspective of flexible resources and greedy roles. The study conducts moderated mediation analyses of telecommuting on sleep duration through work-to-family conflicts and addresses gender differences. The analyses use data from the German Family Panel (waves 10 & 12). After controlling for covariates, the results reveal an insignificant positive direct association between telecommuting and sleep duration. However, the mediation analysis shows that telecommuting is associated with shorter sleep duration through work-to-family conflicts. The moderated mediation further reveals that this negative indirect effect is slightly stronger for mothers than fathers. These findings highlight the complexity/bipolarity of flexible working arrangements in the context of the work-family interface and their implications for sleep behaviour, particularly from a gender perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study (2025)
Zitatform
Grasshoff, Julia, Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich & Johannes Beller (2025): Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21462-8
Abstract
"Background: Previous research indicates that women report more psychosomatic complaints at work compared to men. However, there is a lack of research examining this gender gap across different occupational subgroups and over time. Methods: The study utilized data from the nationwide German Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working Conditions conducted in 2005/2006, 2011/2012, and 2017/ 2018. First, gender differences in psychosomatic complaints were analysed within the occupational subgroups categorized as white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Second, gender stratified time trends of psychosomatic complaints were analysed. A total of 58,759 participants were included in the analysis. Results: Women consistently reported significantly higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to men across all years examined. The largest differences were observed in white-collar high-skilled occupations. From 2005/2006 to 2011/2012, gender differences increased; from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018, they stagnated. Conclusions: The study revealed that women experience more psychosomatic distress at work than men in all occupational subgroups and time points. White-collar high-skilled workers showed the highest gender gap in psychosomatic complaints. The gender gap widened from 2005/2006 to 2011/2012 and remained stable from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018. Future research should investigate the reasons and implications of this phenomenon, especially considering the increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar workers, where the gender gap is most evident." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why downsizing may increase sickness absence: longitudinal fixed effects analyses of the importance of the work environment (2025)
Zitatform
Grønstad, Anniken & Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm (2025): Why downsizing may increase sickness absence: longitudinal fixed effects analyses of the importance of the work environment. In: BMC health services research, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-12454-w
Abstract
"Background: Downsizing can often have a detrimental effect on employee health and increase sickness absence. Earlier research has theoretically argued that such negative consequences are due to taxing alterations in the work environment, but research efforts to empirically test this argument remain limited. Methods: In this study, we investigate whether the environment for control, role clarity, and commitment in different work units can explain the relationship between unit-level downsizing and sickness absence. We combined register- and self-reported data from 19,173 employees in a large Norwegian health trust in the period 2011–2015 and conducted a longitudinal fixed effects analysis. Results: Unit-level downsizing was found to be significantly related to increased short-term sickness absence, reduced organizational commitment, and reduced control. Reduced commitment explained a small part of the increase in short-term sickness absence after unit-level downsizing. There was no mediating effect of either control or role clarity. Conclusion: The study contributes to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that help explain why downsizing leads to adverse health consequences and sickness absence by highlighting the complexity of this relationship and introducing organizational commitment as a relevant mediator." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress (2025)
Zitatform
Guo, Ya, Sizhan Cui, Zhuofei Lu & Senhu Wang (2025): Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 5, S. 1169-1187. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.70028
Abstract
"While there is a growing body of literature examining platform dependence and its implications for mental health, much of the research has focused on gig workers with small sample sizes. The lack of large-scale quantitative research, particularly using longitudinal representative data, limits a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between platform dependence and mental distress. This study uses nationally representative data from the UK and fixed effects models to explore the heterogeneity of gig work, specifically examining differences in mental distress between high-dependence workers (those solely engaged in gig work) and low-dependence workers (those also employed in other jobs). The findings reveal that high-dependence gig workers have greater mental distress compared to low-dependence and full-time workers, with their mental well-being similar to those with no paid work. Low-dependence gig workers have lower mental distress than those without paid work. Financial precarity and loneliness partly explain these differences, with the impact stronger for highly educated high-dependence workers and less educated low-dependence workers. These findings highlight the significance of recognizing the heterogeneity of gig work in addressing future well-being challenges in a post-pandemic economy, as well as broadening the scope of the latent deprivation model to encompass the unique dynamics of gig work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors (2025)
Győri, Ágnes; Perpék, Éva; Ádám, Szilvia;Zitatform
Győri, Ágnes, Éva Perpék & Szilvia Ádám (2025): Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 12. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407998
Abstract
"Background: Human services occupations are highly exposed to mental health risks, thus psychosocial risk management is critical to assure healthy and safe working conditions, promote mental health and commitment, and prevent fluctuation of employees. However, still little is known about prominent psychosocial risk factors in various human services work. Objectives: To identify prominent psychosocial risk factors of mental health in human services occupations and to explore their individual and organizational correlates in 19 European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional survey using data from the European Union's Labor Force Survey among 379,759 active employees in 19 European countries. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of mental health risk factors. Then sociodemographic correlates of occupational mental health risk factors were assessed by means of Pearson's chi-squared test. Finally, correlations were explored between perceived psychosocial risk factors and human vs. non-human services occupations, as well as contextual variables by applying multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of mental health risk was 45.1%. Work overload (19.9%), dealing with difficult clients (10.2%), and job insecurity (5.8%) were the most prevalent mental health risk factors among European employees. We identified significant differences in the prevalence of mental health risks and specific mental health risk factors among employees according to sex, age, and educational attainment. The prevalence of mental health risks was significantly higher among women (47.0%, man: 43.3%), workers aged 35–50 years (47.5%, >50: 44.4%, <35: 42.3%), and those with the higher level of education (51.9%, secondary with diploma: 42.6%, elementary: 36.2%). Employees working in healthcare in Northern Europe were most likely to be exposed to mental health risks (AME = 0.717). Working in healthcare in Northern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting work overload (AME = 0.381). Working in social care in Central and Eastern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting dealing with difficult clients (AME = 0.303) as the most prevalent mental health risk factor. Conclusion: Understanding the impact of employment in specific human services occupations on mental health and its specific occupational stressors are vital to improve mental health and safety at work and maintain high quality services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dismissal protection and long-term sickness absence: Evidence from a policy change (2025)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole & Karolin Hiesinger (2025): Dismissal protection and long-term sickness absence: Evidence from a policy change. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 318-342., 2024-07-29. DOI:10.1111/irel.12375
Abstract
"This paper studies whether a decline in employment protection reduces workers' long-term sickness absences (of >6 weeks). We exploit exogenous variation from a German policy change that shifted the threshold exempting small establishments from dismissal protection from 5 to 10 workers. Using German register data, we find that the reform significantly reduced employees' transitions into long-term sickness during their second year after being hired. This response is due to a behavioral rather than a compositional effect and is particularly pronounced among the medium-skilled and younger males. Further results indicate that the reform did not alter the probability of involuntary unemployment after sickness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides (2025)
Zitatform
Halla, Martin & Bernhard Schmidpeter (2025): Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides. (Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business 374), Wien, 41 S.
Abstract
"Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and a critical public health concern. We examine the hypothesis of suicide contagion within in the workplace, investigating whether exposure to a coworker's suicide increases an individual's suicide risk. Using high-quality administrative data from Austria and an event study approach, we compare approximately 150,000 workers exposed to a coworker's suicide with a matched group exposed to a "placebo suicide". We find a significant increase in suicide risk for exposed individuals, with a cumulative treatment effect of 0.04 percentage points (33.3 percent) over a 20-year post-event period. Exposed individuals who also die by suicide are more likely to use the same method as their deceased coworker, strongly suggesting a causal link. Two placebo tests bolster this interpretation: workers who left the firm before the suicide and those exposed to a coworker's fatal car accident do not show an elevated suicide risk." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
„Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke (2025)
Zitatform
Hasselhorn, Hans Martin & Max Josef Rohrbacher (2025): „Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 164-169. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-426483
Abstract
"Einleitung: Das Konzept „Stay at Work“ (SaW) bietet eine ressourcenorientierte Perspektive auf Erwerbstätige, die trotz gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen kontinuierlich arbeiten und dabei keine erhöhten Fehlzeiten aufweisen. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie werden Daten der lidA-Kohortenstudie verwendet, um das Phänomen SaW innerhalb der mittelalten Erwerbsbevölkerung querschnittlich zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SaW-Beschäftigte oft über günstigere personale und arbeitsbezogene Ressourcen verfügen als Beschäftigte mit häufigen Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeiten. Insbesondere Arbeitsfaktoren wie Führungsqualität und Einfluss bei der Arbeit scheinen dabei zentrale Einflussfaktoren zu sein. Dennoch stellen sie zugleich eine potenziell vulnerable Gruppe dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Beitrag leistet einen ersten Schritt zur besseren wissenschaftlichen Einordnung von SaW und zeigt Potenziale auf, wie diese Perspektive die betriebliche Präventionsarbeit in Deutschland stärken kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitsreport 2025 / DAK-Gesundheit: Analyse der Arbeitsunfähigkeiten. Mythos Rekordkrankenstand. Generation Z in der Arbeitswelt (2025)
Hildebrandt, Susanne; Burgart, Elena; Dehl, Terese; Nolting, Hans-Dieter; Woköck, Tobias; Nguyen, Thuy Ha;Zitatform
Hildebrandt, Susanne, Terese Dehl & Hans-Dieter Nolting (2025): Gesundheitsreport 2025 / DAK-Gesundheit. Analyse der Arbeitsunfähigkeiten. Mythos Rekordkrankenstand. Generation Z in der Arbeitswelt. (Gesundheitsreport … / DAK-Gesundheit 2025 55), Heidelberg: medhochzwei Verlag GmbH, 188 S.
Abstract
"Der jährlich erscheinende DAK-Gesundheitsreport analysiert die Daten zur Arbeitsunfähigkeit aller bei der DAK-Gesundheit versicherten Berufstätigen. Er bietet damit einen verlässlichen Überblick über das Krankheitsgeschehen in der Arbeitswelt. Regelmäßig stellt die DAK-Gesundheit dar, welche Krankheiten die größte Rolle gespielt haben, und untersucht geschlechts-, alters-, branchen- und regionalspezifische Besonderheiten. Der DAK-Gesundheitsreport greift in jedem Jahr ein wechselndes Schwerpunktthema aus dem Bereich Arbeitswelt und Gesundheit auf. Im Rahmen der Personalrekrutierung stehen Unternehmen zunehmend im Wettbewerb um die Gewinnung und Bindung junger Menschen. Die Frage, welche Wünsche und Erwartungen junge Erwerbstätige der Generation Z an die Arbeitswelt haben, wie sich ihre gesundheitliche Situation darstellt und wie sie mit Krankheiten und Fehlzeiten umgehen, ist für Akteurinnen und Akteure mit Personalverantwortung in Unternehmen häufig zentral. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich der DAK-Gesundheitsreport 2025 in seinem Schwerpunktthema der Generation Z in der Arbeitswelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the U.S. (2025)
Zitatform
Hotz, V. Joseph, Anna Ziff & Emily Wiemers (2025): The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the U.S. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 43, H. S1, S. S153-S178. DOI:10.1086/732668
Abstract
"We examine the relationship between income volatility and life expectancy in mid-sized U.S. commuting zones between 2006 and 2014. We use a commercial dataset, Info USA, to measure income volatility which we link to estimates of life expectancy by gender, county,race, and income. We find that higher income volatility in a county is associated with lower life expectancy, but only at the bottom of the income distribution and primarily for non-HispanicWhites. Though we cannot extrapolate our findings to individual-level relationships, we dolink them to existing literatures on place-based differences in mortality and the relationship between volatility and health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technostress and generative AI in the workplace: a qualitative analysis of young professionals (2025)
Zitatform
Högemann, Malte, Laura Hein, Jan-Oliver Britsche & Oliver Thomas (2025): Technostress and generative AI in the workplace: a qualitative analysis of young professionals. In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence, Jg. 8. DOI:10.3389/frai.2025.1728881
Abstract
"Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly diffusing into the workplace and is expected to substantially reshape roles, workflows, and skill requirements, particularly for young professionals as early adopters who are highly exposed to these tools. While GenAI is widely regarded as a means to increase productivity, its adoption may simultaneously introduce new challenges, including various forms of technostress. Drawing on 15 semi-structured interviews with young professionals in research and development (R&D), IT, finance, and marketing in organizations piloting or using GenAI, we conducted a structured qualitative content analysis guided by established technostress dimensions. Our findings indicate that classic technostress dimensions remain relevant but manifest differently across sectors and contexts. Moreover, additional GenAI-specific stressors emerged, such as regulatory and compliance ambiguity, data protection and copyright concerns, perceived dependency, potential skill degradation, doubts about the reliability and controllability of AI outputs, and a shift towards more monitoring and conceptual work. At the same time, participants reported techno-eustress in the form of efficiency gains, learning opportunities, and enhanced intrinsic motivation. Overall, the study extends existing technostress frameworks and underscores the importance of AI literacy, clear organizational governance, and supportive work design to mitigate negative technostress while enabling the productive use of GenAI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Everyday Life Within Precarious Working Conditions: A Conceptual Home for the Practical, Subjective and Emotional Actions of Precariousness (2025)
Zitatform
Jankowski, Krzysztof Z. (2025): Everyday Life Within Precarious Working Conditions: A Conceptual Home for the Practical, Subjective and Emotional Actions of Precariousness. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 11. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70130
Abstract
"The visceral, experiential and productive doing of precariousness is currently scattered without a conceptual home. Extended and qualitative accounts of precariousness describe practical, subjective and emotional actions of living with vulnerability that are not extraordinary but make-up everyday precarity. However, the precarity conceptual family is divided between either structural or differential vulnerability, leaving little room for the ongoing actions of being precarious. In response, I recover the term precarious working, which is often used but without full dissection, as a home for the analysis of the everyday actions within precarious working conditions. Precarious working exists in parallel to precarious working conditions, and together the two are the motions of precarity. The significance of precarious working lies in two domains: the interplay of objective and subjective insecurity and the substantiation of precarity. Precarious working highlights the individual acts of endurance, advantage and autonomy that interrelate with objective insecurity. Although unlikely to overcome the structural, these acts remain the visceral, experiential and productive substantiation of precarity. The concept helps to overcome the condition of precariousness as a mere outcome by highlighting the practical and active nature of the inequalities that precarity describes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Management Practices, Workplace Health Promotion and Productivity (2025)
Zitatform
Jirjahn, Uwe & Jens Mohrenweiser (2025): Management Practices, Workplace Health Promotion and Productivity. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18059), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"Since the emergence of personnel economics, economists have been increasingly aware that the management practices used by firms are an important determinant of productivity. However, it is an open question of whether the impact of management practices on the productivity of firms depends on workplace health promotion activities (alternatively called workplace wellness programs). Using a widely recognized management index developed by Bloom and Van Reenen (2007), this study provides evidence that workplace health promotion moderates the link between management practices and productivity. Our panel data estimates show that the positive impact of management practices on productivity is stronger if a firm engages in workplace health promotion. This finding fits the notion that workplace health promotion mitigates adverse side effects of management practices on employees' health. However, our estimates also provide evidence of a negative direct influence of workplace promotion on productivity. The positive moderating influence of workplace health promotion only dominates the negative direct influence if a firm uses Bloom and Van Reenen's management practices (targets, monitoring and incentives) at a high intensity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von Erwerbstätigen in der Einfacharbeit (2025)
Zitatform
Kaboth, Arthur, Marcel Lück, Lena Hünefeld & Vanessa Vegner (2025): Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von Erwerbstätigen in der Einfacharbeit. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 41 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20250331
Abstract
"Einfacharbeit umfasst Tätigkeiten, die keine formale Qualifikation voraussetzen. Diese Tätigkeiten bewegen sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen belastenden Arbeitsanforderungen und hoher gesellschaftlicher Relevanz. Bislang ist der Forschungsstand lückenhaft, und es fehlt an spezifischen Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation dieser Erwerbstätigengruppe. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird anhand verschiedener Datensätze beleuchtet, wer in Einfacharbeit tätig ist, welche Arbeitsanforderungen und -ressourcen vorzufinden sind, wie die Erwerbsverläufe bis hin zur Regelaltersgrenze der Beschäftigten aussehen und welche gesundheitlichen Konsequenzen mit Einfacharbeit einhergehen können. Der Bericht dient dazu, einen Status Quo über die hier aufgezählten Inhalte zu liefern, Forschungslücken zu identifizieren und zu schließen sowie Handlungsempfehlungen für die Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation dieser Erwerbsgruppe darzulegen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Beschäftigte in der Einfacharbeit sowohl von körperlichen als auch psychischen Arbeitsanforderungen betroffen sind und zugleich wenige Arbeitsplatzressourcen zur Verfügung stehen. Außerdem sind im Vergleich zu anderen Erwerbgruppen die Erwerbsverläufe der Beschäftigten in der Einfacharbeit häufiger von Erwerbsunterbrechungen sowie von vorzeitigen Eintritten in die Altersrente geprägt. In verschiedenen Bereichen der Einfacharbeit kann eine Vielzahl arbeitsbezogener Anforderungen identifiziert werden, die gesundheitliche Risiken mit sich bringen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen eine durchschnittlich schlechtere sowie über den Erwerbsverlauf abnehmende subjektive Gesundheit. Aus Perspektive des Arbeitsschutzes müssen zunächst die Problemlagen der Beschäftigten in der Einfacharbeit identifiziert und dementsprechend passgenaue Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. Zum einen geht es dabei um die Identifizierung und Reduzierung von Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz sowie der Bereitstellung von spezifischen Ressourcen, um die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten bis ins hohe Alter zu fördern und zu erhalten. Zum anderen können (Teil-)Qualifizierungen dazu beitragen, die Motivation aber auch die Beschäftigungsstabilität sowie Arbeitsmarktchancen zu erhöhen, sodass das Risiko von Erwerbsunterbrechungen minimiert wird. Diese sollten vor dem Hintergrund des drohenden Arbeits- bzw. Fachkräftemangels lebenslauforientiert und alter(n)sgerecht gestaltet werden. Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt allerdings auch, dass noch weitere Forschung nötig ist, um die Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation der Beschäftigten in der Einfacharbeit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeiten in Thüringen: Ergebnisse einer Repräsentativbefragung von Beschäftigten in Thüringen 2024. Befragung im Rahmen des DGB-Index Gute Arbeit (2025)
Ketzmerick, Thomas; Hosang, Christian;Zitatform
Ketzmerick, Thomas & Christian Hosang (2025): Arbeiten in Thüringen. Ergebnisse einer Repräsentativbefragung von Beschäftigten in Thüringen 2024. Befragung im Rahmen des DGB-Index Gute Arbeit. Erfurt, 50 S.
Abstract
"Mit dieser Fassung liegt der fünfte Bericht des DGB-Index Gute Arbeit für den Freistaat Thüringen vor. Der Bericht gibt Auskunft darüber, wie die Beschäftigten in Thüringen ihre aktuellen Arbeitsbedingungen einschätzen. Damit gibt er uns auch Hinweise auf die Bereiche, die es künftig zu verbessern gilt. Im Kern geht es um Ressourcen, um Belastungen sowie um Einkommen und Rentenerwartungen als die zentralen Dimensionen von Arbeit. Zu diesen Aspekten wurden Thüringer Beschäftigte befragt. 2024 liegen viele der Index-Werte für Thüringen nach wie vor hinter denen für Gesamtdeutschland und auch für Ostdeutschland. Der Abstand konnte jedoch im Vergleich zu früheren Studien verringert werden. Einhergehend mit der allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklung, aber auch vor dem Hintergrund der Bemühungen von Bundes- und Landesregierung auf dem Gebiet der Arbeitsmarktpolitik stellt der vorliegende Bericht die Perspektive der Thüringer Beschäftigten dar und zeigt Licht und Schatten der derzeitigen Arbeitswelt in Thüringen. Insgesamt positiv stellen sich die verfügbaren Ressourcen der Thüringer Beschäftigten dar, die Auskunft über die Gestaltbarkeit der eigenen Arbeitssituation geben. Teilweise liegen diese über dem Bundesdurchschnitt. Konkret betrifft dies die Bewertung des Sinngehalts der Arbeit oder die ausgeprägte Identifikation mit dem eigenen Beruf. Negativer werden jedoch die beruflichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten und die Belastungen durch Schichtarbeit eingeschätzt. Die Bewertung des Einkommens und der Rente spiegelt unterschiedliche Arbeitsmarkt-Generationen wider. Besonders ältere Beschäftigte äußern eine größere Unzufriedenheit mit der erwarteten Rente. Für jüngere Menschen stellt sich die derzeitige Einkommenssituation angesichts von Fachkräftemangel und zunehmendem „Arbeitnehmermarkt“ günstiger dar. Diese Entwicklung ist jedoch ebenfalls mit Risiken und Belastungen verbunden. Ganz bewusst wurde in diesem Bericht der Fachkräftemangel als Themenschwerpunkt gewählt. Nach Einschätzung der Befragten sehen sich in Ostdeutschland 48 Prozent in ihrem eigenen Arbeitsbereich vom Fachkräftemangel betroffen. Die konkreten negativen Auswirkungen, beispielsweise in Form von Mehrarbeit, werden im vorliegenden Bericht deutlich." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Repeated short‐term sickness absence: A problem to be handled or a symptom to be prevented? A qualitative case study (2025)
Zitatform
Kirkegaard, Tanja, Vita Ligaya P. Dalgaard & R. Grytnes (2025): Repeated short‐term sickness absence: A problem to be handled or a symptom to be prevented? A qualitative case study. In: Industrial relations journal, Jg. 56, H. 1, S. 3-21. DOI:10.1111/irj.12447
Abstract
"Repeated short‐term sickness absence has been linked to poor psychosocial work environment. However, the handling of short‐term sickness absence is often driven by a formal monitoring of employees' absence records rather than by a focus on enhancing well‐being at work. In this paper, based on interview data, we found that repeated short‐term sickness absence was primarily addressed as an individual employee issue, with limited focus on prevention through improvements in the work environment such as fostering trust between employees' and managers and promoting overall well‐being at work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Immediate and Lasting Effects of Heat Waves On Workers (2025)
Zitatform
Klauber, Hannah, Nicolas Koch & Nico Pestel (2025): The Immediate and Lasting Effects of Heat Waves On Workers. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18176), Bonn, 89 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines how prolonged exposure to heat affects the labor force's ability to work in the short and long run. Linking administrative public health insurance records for one-third of the German working-age population to the quasi-experimental occurrence of heat waves, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the occupation-specific heterogeneity in how heat-induced health damages materialize in decreased labor supply, and its distributional implications. An average hot day increases the number of new sick leave cases, and the effects build with prolonged heat. After seven consecutive days of heat exposure, the impact is roughly three times greater than on the first day. Workers who are already disadvantaged in terms of their income and working conditions are more vulnerable to heat stress. Those who are more flexible in scheduling and adjusting their working hours are less at risk. Our results also reveal a longer-term decrease in labor supply in the years following heat wave exposure, and suggest sustained increases in expenditures for healthcare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does AI at Work Increase Stress? Text Mining Social Media About Human–AI Team Processes and AI Control (2025)
Zitatform
Klonek, Florian & Sharon Parker (2025): Does AI at Work Increase Stress? Text Mining Social Media About Human–AI Team Processes and AI Control. In: Journal of organizational behavior, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1002/job.70000
Abstract
"With rising use of artificial intelligence (AI) in organizations, alongside increasing mental health issues, we seek to understand how AI use affects human stress. Drawing on the automation–augmentation perspective, we propose that AI control over decision-making thwarts human autonomy and thus contributes to stress. Drawing on models of teamwork and augmentation, we expect that human–AI team processes (i.e., transition, action, and interpersonal processes) help people meet their goals and reduce stress. Finally, we argue that human–AI team processes provide an important social resource, which buffers the stress-enhancing role of AI control. To test our hypotheses, we analyzed over 2700 tweets. Using a trained large language model, validated against human ratings, we indexed key measures. Results confirm that high AI control was associated with increased stress, whereas human–AI team processes were associated with decreased stress. In support of the moderation hypothesis, two human–AI team processes (action and interpersonal) helped further reduce the stress-enhancing effect of AI control. We discuss implications for work design theory and the importance of regulating levels of AI control to protect workers' mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Faktorieller Survey zum Präsentismusverhalten 2024: Methodenbericht (2025)
Zitatform
Knigge, Charlotta, Beate Herdt-Born, Sören Winzer, Mella Perleberg & Sophie-Charlotte Meyer (2025): Faktorieller Survey zum Präsentismusverhalten 2024. Methodenbericht. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 73 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20250822
Abstract
"Im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) führte das IFAK Institut GmbH & Co. KG für Markt- und Sozialforschung im Zeitraum von Mai bis Oktober 2024 eine vertiefende Erhebung zum Präsentismusverhalten abhängig Beschäftigter in Deutschland durch. Ziel der Studie war es, die Entscheidungsprozesse zu analysieren, die dazu führen, dass Erwerbstätige trotz gesundheitlicher Beschwerden ihrer Arbeit nachgehen - sowohl am Arbeitsplatz als auch bei der Arbeit zu Hause. Die Erhebung wurde als Nachbefragung der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2024 (BB-ETB 2024) konzipiert. Grundlage bildete eine Stichprobe von Personen, die im Rahmen der BB-ETB einer Wiederbefragung zugestimmt hatten. Insgesamt konnten 5.106 selbstadministrierte Online-Interviews (CAWI) realisiert werden. Im Zentrum der Erhebung stand ein faktorieller Survey. Die Teilnehmenden bewerteten jeweils zehn Vignetten, in denen Entscheidungssituationen bei gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung dargestellt wurden. In den Vignetten wurden relevante Kontextfaktoren wie Art und Schwere der Beschwerden, das Verhalten der Führungskraft, bestehende Projektverantwortung sowie die Arbeitsbelastung systematisch variiert. Ergänzend wurden Experimentalgruppen gebildet, in denen zusätzliche Informationen (z. B. über gesundheitliche Risiken) oder spezifische Symptome (z. B. Menstruationsbeschwerden) variiert wurden. Zur Vorbereitung der Befragung wurde ein kognitiver Pretest zur Verständlichkeit der Vignetten sowie technische Pretests zur Funktionalität des Onlineinstruments durchgeführt. Die Feldarbeit wurde im Rahmen eines multimodalen Kontaktverfahrens realisiert, das sowohl E-Mail- als auch telefonische Erstkontakte und Reminder umfasste. Um Repräsentativität zu gewährleisten, wurden Design- und Anpassungsgewichte auf Basis der BB-ETB 2024 Stichprobe berechnet. Der vorliegende Methodenbericht dokumentiert das Studiendesign, die Entwicklung und Umsetzung des Erhebungsinstruments, die Felddurchführung sowie die Datenprüfung, -aufbereitung und -gewichtung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Die Relevanz der beruflichen Resilienz für die mentale Gesundheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Beschäftigten (2025)
Knispel, Jens; Arling, Viktoria; Slavchova, Veneta; Brenner, Julia;Zitatform
Knispel, Jens, Veneta Slavchova, Julia Brenner & Viktoria Arling (2025): Die Relevanz der beruflichen Resilienz für die mentale Gesundheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Beschäftigten. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 2025, H. 2, S. 98-107. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-417844
Abstract
"Zielstellung: Schätzungsweise 15% aller Fehltage von Beschäftigten aller Altersgruppen sind auf psychische Erkrankungen zurückzuführen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Relevanz verschiedener Facetten der beruflichen Resilienz als mögliche Schutzfaktoren für die langfristige Aufrechterhaltung der mentalen Gesundheit von Beschäftigten und dem Erleben ihrer beruflichen Situation zu untersuchen. Zu den Facetten der beruflichen Resilienz zählen Optimismus, Akzeptanz, Lösungsorientierung, Selbstfürsorge, Netzwerkorientierung, Verantwortungsübernahme und Zukunftsplanung. Methode: Zur Untersuchung der Forschungsfrage wurden im Rahmen einer Online-Studie 235 Beschäftigte mit einem Stellenumfang von mindestens 20 Stunden pro Woche mittels Fragebögen bezüglich ihrer beruflichen Resilienz (RB-7-30) und ihrer emotionalen Irritation, Depressivität und Arbeitszufriedenheit befragt. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass berufliche Resilienz mit emotionaler Irritation, Depressivität und Arbeitszufriedenheit assoziiert ist. Multiple Regressionsanalysen geben Hinweis darauf, dass die jeweiligen Resilienzfacetten einen differenzierten Zusammenhang mit der mentalen Gesundheit von Beschäftigten und dem Erleben ihrer beruflichen Situation aufweisen. Schlussfolgerungen: Berufliche Resilienz stellt einen potenziellen Schutzfaktor zum Erhalt der mentalen Gesundheit dar. Es erscheint lohnenswert, weitere Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit beruflicher Resilienz durchzuführen, um anschließend gezielte Trainingsmaßnahmen für Beschäftigte (Führungskräfte und Mitarbeitende) abzuleiten und so einen nachhaltigen Beitrag zur langfristigen Stabilisierung des psychischen Wohlbefindens und der Arbeitszufriedenheit zu leisten" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational health of employees with mental health issues: the role of the psychosocial working conditions and sense of coherence (2025)
Zitatform
Lehmann, Anja I. & Georg F. Bauer (2025): Occupational health of employees with mental health issues: the role of the psychosocial working conditions and sense of coherence. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 98, H. 7, S. 573-585. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02154-7
Abstract
"Background: The high prevalence of mental health issues (MHI) among employees poses significant societal challenges. However, little is known about factors that influence their ability to remain employed, maintain productivity, and thrive at work. Objective: This study examines differences in occupational health outcomes (burnout, work engagement, and work ability) between employees with and without MHI and the applicability of the Job Demands-Resources model (including job demands, job resources as psychosocial working conditions and sense of coherence (SOC) as a personal resource) among employees with MHI, while particularly controlling for disease-specific factors. Methods: Pooled data from two measurement waves were analyzed, including employees with current MHI (N = 92) and those without MHI (N = 877) from German-speaking countries. Mixed-effects models examined relationships between sociodemographic, disease-specific factors, psychosocial working conditions, SOC, and occupational health outcomes. Results: Employees with MHI showed lower occupational health levels (higher burnout, reduced work ability) than those without. Among employees with MHI, SOC and job resources were significantly associated with all occupational health outcomes, while job demands primarily predicted burnout. Sickness absence correlated negatively with both burnout and work ability. The association between SOC and work ability was stronger for employees with MHI than for those without. Conclusions: Job resources and SOC play a role for occupational health in employees with MHI. Targeted interventions to strengthen these resources should be prioritized." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of precarious employment on suicidal ideation: A serial mediation model with contractual temporality and job insecurity (2025)
Llosa, José Antonio ; Agulló-Tomás, Esteban ; Iglesias-Martínez, Enrique ; Oliveros, Beatriz ; Menéndez-Espina, Sara;Zitatform
Llosa, José Antonio, Enrique Iglesias-Martínez, Esteban Agulló-Tomás, Sara Menéndez-Espina & Beatriz Oliveros (2025): The effect of precarious employment on suicidal ideation: A serial mediation model with contractual temporality and job insecurity. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 46, H. 1, S. 239-255. DOI:10.1177/0143831X241240616
Abstract
"Suicidal ideation is a variable prior to suicidal behavior and one of the main producers of risk of death by suicide. The sample consisted of a total of 1,288 people living in Spain who at the time of answering the questionnaire were in active employment. Contractual status is a significant variable for the prediction of suicidal ideation. Contractual temporality is a risk factor for suicidal ideation, whereas permanent employment is a protective factor. In suicidal ideation, job insecurity is a mediating risk factor and a key dimension of job precariousness because of the adverse effects on mental health it causes. Job insecurity interacts with objective causes of precariousness and is presented as a necessary variable for understanding the relationship between these material causes and suicidal thoughts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mismatch between actual and preferred number of days working from home: parental status, work-family conflict, and stress (2025)
Love, Jasmine ; Lambert, Katrina A. ; Leach, Liana ; Giallo, Rebecca ; Hokke, Stacey ; Oakman, Jodi ; Doan, Tinh ; Cooklin, Amanda ; Findley, Helen ;Zitatform
Love, Jasmine, Katrina A. Lambert, Amanda Cooklin, Stacey Hokke, Liana Leach, Rebecca Giallo, Tinh Doan, Helen Findley & Jodi Oakman (2025): Mismatch between actual and preferred number of days working from home. Parental status, work-family conflict, and stress. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2584084
Abstract
"This study assessed whether the mismatch between Australian employees actual and preferred number of days working from home is associated with work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict and four indicators of stress (burnout, general stress, somatic stress, cognitive stress). Whether these relationships were moderated by parental status was examined. Employees working from home completed online surveys in May 2021 (n = 451), November 2021 (n = 358) and May 2022 (n = 320). The three waves of data were pooled (337 non-parents, 179 parents) and generalised mixed effects models were used. For parents, a mismatch between actual and preferred amount of working from home, particularly working from home less than preferred, was associated with increased work-to-family conflict (but not family-to-work conflict). Working from home more than preferred was associated with increases in all four aspects of stress for parents and non-parents. Working from home less than preferred was associated with increased burnout among non-parents and decreased general stress and cognitive stress among parents. Findings suggest there is no one-size-fits-all approach in how much working from home is optimal, but a mismatch in work from home preferences can have adverse associations with employee wellbeing, particularly work-to-family conflict for parents. Work from home arrangements should be tailored to individual needs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Long-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Health and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Socialist East Germany (2025)
Lubczyk, Moritz; Waldinger, Maria;Zitatform
Lubczyk, Moritz & Maria Waldinger (2025): The Long-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Health and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Socialist East Germany. (CESifo working paper 12197), München, 67 S.
Abstract
"What are the long-run effects of sustained exposure to air pollution? A unique natural experiment allows us to examine this question. In 1982, a sudden cut in Soviet oil forced Socialist East Germany to switch to highly polluting lignite coal. While the shock sharply increased air pollution near mining regions, authoritarian restrictions on mobility, housing, and jobs prevented sorting responses. We document persistent labor market impacts over three decades. Exposed individuals work less, earn lower wages, and retire earlier. Health is a key mechanism: infant mortality rises by 9\% and the long-run incidence of asthma and cardiopathy increases significantly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Reducing Counterproductive Work Behavior: Examining the Interplay Between Mental Load and Emotional Load (2025)
Zitatform
Machek, Ondřej & Martin Machek (2025): Reducing Counterproductive Work Behavior. Examining the Interplay Between Mental Load and Emotional Load. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 69, H. 1, S. 15-27. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000436
Abstract
"This study explores the effects of mental load and emotional load on counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Building on the conservation of resources theory and the challenge–hindrance stressor framework, we hypothesize that mental load enhances the effort and engagement of employees to accomplish goals and subsequently reduces organizational deviance (e. g., working time fraud), while emotional load, through resource depletion, weakens this relationship. We also suggest that by depleting emotional resources, emotional load could increase interpersonal deviance, with mental load exacerbating this effect due to synergistic effects. The results of a two-wave survey among 303 UK employees show that mental load reduces organizational deviance only when emotional load is low to moderate; when emotional load is high, mental load may even increase organizational deviance. The results also show that emotional load increases interpersonal deviance, irrespective of the level of mental load. The findings underscore the distinct nature of interpersonal and organizational deviance, challenges previous interpretations of the relationship between workplace stressors and CWB, and highlights the importance of considering the complex interplay between different types of stressors in predicting workplace outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home and health complaints: on the difference between telework and informal overtime at home (2025)
Zitatform
Mergener, Alexandra, Nico Stawarz, Heiko Rüger & Inga Laß (2025): Working from home and health complaints: on the difference between telework and informal overtime at home. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 13. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1465617
Abstract
"Background: With the increase in the prevalence of working from home (WFH), understanding its impact on health has become more relevant. However, the possibility that health effects may depend on the specific WFH arrangement has largely been ignored in research. Objective: The aim of this study is to offer a differentiated view of WFH by distinguishing between informal overtime at home and telework during recognized working time when assessing its associations with mental and physical health complaints. Moreover, the extent of telework is considered. The study also differentiates the group of WFH non-users by distinguishing between voluntary non-use and employer-directed non-use. Methods: We apply OLS regression models with clustered standard errors by occupation to probability-based survey data that is representative of employees in Germany. The analytical sample was restricted to employees whose job tasks could be performed at home (N = 10,365). Results: Compared to employer-directed non-users, working informal overtime at home is associated with more mental health complaints, while telework is associated with fewer mental and physical health complaints. However, the beneficial association between recognized telework and mental health only applies to employees with relatively small extents of telework. At higher extents of telework, the mental health advantages disappear, while those for physical health tend to remain. Conclusion: This study suggests that a nuanced look at patterns of use and non-use of WFH is essential when gauging its impact on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Short- and long-term health effects of job insecurity. Fixed effects panel analysis of German data (2025)
Zitatform
Mikucka, Malgorzata, Oliver Arránz Becker & Christof Worl (2025): Short- and long-term health effects of job insecurity. Fixed effects panel analysis of German data. In: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 68-76. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4206
Abstract
"Objective: Previous research has linked job insecurity to health deterioration. The risk accumulation model suggests that health effects of job insecurity may persist even after job security is restored, yet long-term empirical analyses are scarce. Our study evaluates the long-term effects of accumulated exposures to affective job insecurity on mental and physical health among the working-age population in Germany. Method: Using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (12 624 individuals; 84 219 observations), we applied panel regression models with individual fixed effects to assess short- and long-term health changes associated with affective job insecurity. Job insecurity was measured by respondents’ worries about job security. Mental and physical health was recorded with the SF-12 scale. Results: Job insecurity correlated with short-term worsening in mental and physical health. However, after job insecurity ceased, health recovery was incomplete resulting in a long-term health deterioration. The long-term effects were larger among respondents who accumulated more instances of job insecurity, and showed a similar pattern for mental and physical health. An additional analysis documented stronger health effects of job insecurity among lower educated persons. Conclusion: Our study is one of the first to empirically demonstrate the negative long-term health effects of job insecurity. Our findings for a well-protected labor market like Germany’s, suggest that the health risks associated with job insecurity may be substantial and potentially underestimated by studies that focus solely on short-term effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
High-Pressure, High-Paying Jobs? (2025)
Zitatform
Nagler, Markus, Johannes Rincke & Erwin Winkler (2025): High-Pressure, High-Paying Jobs? In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 107, H. 6, S. 1471-1484. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_01362
Abstract
"Work-related stress has reportedly increased over time. Using worker-level survey and experimental data, we investigate the labor market consequences of work pressure. We build a measure of pressure strongly associated with adverse health outcomes and show that pressure comes with a sizable earnings premium, reflecting workers' willingness-to-pay to avoid pressure. As expected, we do not find a premium among civil servants who face strong labor market frictions. Our experimental evidence is consistent with workers sorting into high-pressure jobs and with a sizable market-level compensating differential. Differences in the prevalence and valuation of work pressure explain substantial shares of wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the delicate relation between technological innovations and work quality: A study among civil servants (2025)
Zitatform
Peeters, Maria C. W., Jan Fekke Ybema, Pascale M. Le Blanc & Judith Plomp (2025): Exploring the delicate relation between technological innovations and work quality: A study among civil servants. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 46, H. 3, S. 851-873. DOI:10.1177/0143831x251347151
Abstract
"This study explores the delicate relation between technological innovations and work quality. It was conducted across various parts of the Dutch central government. The authors assessed how civil servants perceive changes in job demands, job resources and some relevant outcomes following the implementation of new technologies. Data were collected through an online Technology Monitor (TM) which was (at least partly) completed by 332 respondents. Results showed that employees perceived significant increases in various job demands, alongside a modest increase in the job resource autonomy after technology implementation. Additionally, civil servants who experienced more autonomy following new technology implementation reported higher levels of both work engagement and employability. In contrast, perceptions of increased workload were associated with more burnout symptoms. Interestingly, perceived increases in task variation were associated with fewer burnout symptoms, lower job insecurity and higher work engagement. These findings offer valuable insights for managers and HR professionals involved in managing technological transitions, emphasizing the importance of employee-centered strategies to safeguard and enhance the quality of work of civil servants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
High temperatures and workplace injuries (2025)
Zitatform
Picchio, Matteo & Jan C. van Ours (2025): High temperatures and workplace injuries. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 69, H. 4, S. 2339-2369. DOI:10.1007/s00181-025-02790-5
Abstract
"High temperatures can have a negative effect on workplace safety for various reasons. Discomfort and reduced concentration caused by heat can lead to workers making mistakes and injuring themselves. Discomfort can also be an incentive for workers to report an injury that they would not have reported in the absence of heat. We investigate how temperature affects injuries of professional tennis players in outdoor singles matches. We find that injury rates increase with ambient temperatures for men, whereas for women, high temperatures have no effect on injury rates. Among male tennis players, there is some heterogeneity in the temperature effects, influenced by incentives. Specifically, when a male player is losing at the beginning of a crucial second (third) set in best-of-three (best-of-five) matches, the temperature effect is much larger than when he is winning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Krankenstand in Deutschland: Entwicklung und Einflussfaktoren (2025)
Pimpertz, Jochen; Holtmeyer, Lena;Zitatform
Pimpertz, Jochen & Lena Holtmeyer (2025): Krankenstand in Deutschland. Entwicklung und Einflussfaktoren. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,26), Köln, 52 S.
Abstract
"Seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre ist der Krankenstand in Deutschland stetig gestiegen, im Jahr 2022 zeigt sich ein außergewöhnlicher Niveausprung. Während das Statistische Bundesamt einen weiteren Anstieg im Jahr 2023 ausweist, deutet der mitgliedergewichtete Krankenstand der beschäftigten AOK- und BKK-Mitglieder auf eine marginale Entlastung hin. Schreibt man die Entwicklung mit dem Trend fort, der sich auf Basis einer monatlichen BKK-Stichprobe für das Jahr 2024 ergibt, verharrt der Krankenstand auch im abgelaufenen Jahr auf unverändert hohem Niveau. Diese Einordnung bleibt auch bestehen, wenn man den Einfluss der ab 2022 eingeführten, elektronischen Erfassung von Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigungen mithilfe einer Heuristik schätzt. Für die Erklärung der Krankenstandentwicklung lassen sich vielfältige Hypothesen aus den deskriptiven Statistiken der Dachverbände verschiedener Krankenkassenarten ableiten - angefangen von soziodemografischen Merkmalen wie dem Alter oder Geschlecht über den Versichertenstatus oder den Bildungshintergrund bis hin zu arbeitsmarktbezogenen Merkmalen wie der beruflichen Tätigkeit, der Branchenzugehörigkeit oder der Betriebsgröße. Die Erklärungsbeiträge unterschiedlicher Faktoren ließen sich über einen regressionsanalytischen Ansatz bestimmen. Voraussetzung dafür ist aber der Zugang zu originären, anonymisierten Versichertendaten. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte eines erhöhten Krankenstands lassen sich nur in engen methodischen Grenzen schätzen, die Studienlage deutet aber auf eine merkliche Dämpfung der Wirtschaftsleistung hin. Unmittelbar werden die Arbeitgeber durch stetig steigende Aufwendungen für die Entgeltfortzahlung belastet. Dieser Anstieg kann nur zu einem Teil durch Beschäftigungsaufbau und nominale Bruttoentgelterhöhungen erklärt werden, auch der erhöhte Krankenstand treibt die Belastungen. Dabei gilt es zu beachten, dass es den Unternehmen aufgrund des demografisch bedingt schrumpfenden Arbeitskräftepotenzials zunehmend schwerer" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Entgeltfortzahlung bei Krankheit kostet 82 Milliarden Euro (2025)
Pimpertz, Jochen;Zitatform
Pimpertz, Jochen (2025): Entgeltfortzahlung bei Krankheit kostet 82 Milliarden Euro. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,75), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Für ihre erkrankten Mitarbeiter mussten die Arbeitgeber im Jahr 2024 geschätzt 82 Milliarden Euro aufbringen. Diese Summe übertrifft die Aufwendungen für das Krankengeld um das Vierfache und entspricht gut einem Viertel aller Aufwendungen der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Zu dem Anstieg hat auch der hohe Krankenstand beigetragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Is Delayed Mental Health Treatment Detrimental to Employment? (2025)
Zitatform
Prudon, Roger (2025): Is Delayed Mental Health Treatment Detrimental to Employment? In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1162/rest.a.257
Abstract
"Waiting times for mental health treatment have been increasing in many countries. Using administrative data on all inhabitants of the Netherlands and exploiting exogenous variation at the municipality level, I find that these waiting times have substantial repercussions on labor market outcomes for at least eight years after the start of treatment. A one-month (0.5 SD) increase in waiting time decreases the probability of employment by two percentage points. Vulnerable groups with lower educational attainment or a migration background are especially affected given that the impact of waiting time is larger for them and their average waiting time is longer." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job-related antecedents of psychological detachment from work (2025)
Zitatform
Pütz, Lisa (2025): Job-related antecedents of psychological detachment from work. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 36, H. 9, S. 1493-1528. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2025.2516791
Abstract
"Psychological detachment from work implies mentally disengaging from job-related matters during non-work time and is a core mechanism contributing to employee recovery. Given its manifold positive outcomes, organizations may aim to foster their employees’ detachment. For this purpose, identifying the determinants of detachment is crucial. This study examines job-related factors that contribute to detachment. The empirical analysis draws on representative data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), encompassing four survey waves. Individual fixed-effects panel estimations reveal that adequate recognition from superiors is an effective detachment-enhancing tool. There is also evidence that adequate pay is positively related to detachment. In contrast, burdensome conflicts with superiors or colleagues may hinder detachment. Managers tend to detach less due to high job demands. During the COVID-19 pandemic, managers’ ability to switch off worsened even further. The data also reveal that several job characteristics are, contrary to theoretical expectations, not associated with psychological detachment. Implications for theory and practice, limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Transformational Leadership in Coping with Followers’ Technostress. A Quantitative Analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Rademaker, Tim & Stefan Süß (2025): The Role of Transformational Leadership in Coping with Followers’ Technostress. A Quantitative Analysis. In: Management revue, Jg. 36, H. 2. DOI:10.31083/mrev44017
Abstract
"This study examines the relationship between transformational leadership, digital work-related stressors, and emotional exhaustion among 952 German employees who regularly use information and communication technology (ICT). Employing structural equation modeling within the framework of the transactional model of stress and coping, the analysis reveals a dual effect of transformational leadership: it intensifies perceived techno-stressors while simultaneously serving as a critical resource for coping with these challenges. The findings offer practical insights for organizations addressing the intersection of leadership, technology use, and employee well-being. Importantly, recovery and techno-stressors act as competing mediators in the relationship between transformational leadership and emotional exhaustion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Internal branding and technostress among employees - the mediation role of employee wellbeing and moderating effects of digital internal communication (2025)
Zitatform
Raj, Asha Binu & Ashok Kumar Goute (2025): Internal branding and technostress among employees - the mediation role of employee wellbeing and moderating effects of digital internal communication. In: Acta Psychologica, Jg. 255. DOI:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104943
Abstract
"Integrating technology with communication makes work comfortable, but it simultaneously interrupts employees' personal life. Internal branding strategies attempts to improve employee's psychological and physiological wellbeing, yet the extensive integration of technology with work and workplace activities posit serious challenges in the form of technostress. In the context of communication, digital tools and mode of work increases efficiency, yet their impact of wellbeing and technostress experienced by employees needs to be examined.The present study aims to analyze the impact of internal branding on employee wellbeing and technostress under the influence of digital internal communication. The paper also examines if digital internal communication can moderate the impact of internal branding on employee wellbeing and also the impact of employee wellbeing on technostress experienced at workplace. The mediation effect of employee wellbeing between internal branding and technostress is also analyzed.The conceptual model was built on the premises of job demands-resources theory, technology acceptance model, and transactional theory of stress and coping. Data collected from 401 employees from information technology sector was analyzed using Smart PLS4. Results of structural and measurement model using PLS SEM indicate that internal branding improves wellbeing and reduces technostress under the influence of digital internal communication. Employee wellbeing is found to mediate the impact of internal branding as well as digital internal communication on technostress. Findings support the moderating effects of digital internal communication in reducing technostress and improving employee wellbeing. The hypothesised research model integrates three theories making a novel contribution by analysing wellbeing and technostress and exploring internal branding and internal communication in the digital context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published byElsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung und Einschränkungen der Erwerbsteilhabe: Eine prospektive Studie bei 2308 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland (2025)
Zitatform
Rose, Uwe, Friederike Buchallik, Hermann Burr & Norbert Kersten (2025): Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung und Einschränkungen der Erwerbsteilhabe: Eine prospektive Studie bei 2308 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 87, H. 10, S. 628-634. DOI:10.1055/a-2505-9011
Abstract
"In der Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung mit nachfolgenden Ereignissen der Nichterwerbsteilhabe (Langzeit-Arbeitsunfähigkeit, Arbeitslosigkeit, Frühberentung) und deren Dauer untersucht. Die Datenbasis bildet die Studie zur Mentalen Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA); eine Verlaufsstudie basierend auf einer Zufallsstichprobe von n=4511 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten im Alter von 31–60 Jahren zum Zeitpunkt der Ziehung und einem Follow-up nach 5 Jahren (n=2460). Burnoutsymptome wurden zum Zeitpunkt der Erstbefragung mittels eines schriftlichen Fragebogens erfasst, während die Erwerbs- und die Krankheitshistorie im Follow-up mittels eines Interviews erhoben wurde. Zusammenhänge zwischen der Burnoutskala zu T1 mit darauffolgenden Ereignissen der Nichterwerbsteilhabe wurden im Rahmen eines Two-Part-Models analysiert: d. h. Ereignisse wurden mittels logistischer Regression und deren Dauer mittels Verallgemeinerter Linearer Regressionsmodelle (GLM) prädiziert. Die Burnoutskala war mit dem Ereignis und der Dauer von Langzeit-AU assoziiert; bei den Männern mit einem Odds Ratio=1,72 (95% KI=1,31; 2,27) und bei den Frauen mit einem OR=2,23 (95% KI=1,73; 2,88) je Skalenpunkt für das Auftreten eines Ereignisses. Unter denen, die mindestens einmal Langzeit-AU erlebten, verlängerte sich die Dauer (in Monaten) mit jedem Skalenpunktwert auf der Burnoutskala um den Faktor Exp(β)=1,44 (95% KI=1,23; 1,69) bei Männern und bei den Frauen um den Faktor Exp(β)=1,29 (95% KI=1,09; 1,52). Von einem klinischen und gesundheitsökonomischen Gesichtspunkt aus ist es ein relevanter Befund, dass die Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung mit Ereignissen und Dauer der Nichterwerbsteilhabe einhergeht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamic and reciprocal relations between job insecurity and physical and mental health. (2025)
Zitatform
Rudolph, Cort W., Mindy K. Shoss & Hannes Zacher (2025): Dynamic and reciprocal relations between job insecurity and physical and mental health. In: Journal of Applied Psychology, Jg. 110, H. 7, S. 948-962. DOI:10.1037/apl0001259
Abstract
"This article reports the results of a 33-wave longitudinal study of relations between job insecurity and physical and mental health based on monthly data collected between April 2020 and December 2022 among n = 1,666 employees in Germany. We integrate dynamic theorizing from the transactional stress model and domain-specific theorizing based on stressor creation and perception to frame hypotheses regarding dynamic and reciprocal relations between job insecurity and health over time. We find that lower physical health predicted subsequent increases in job insecurity and higher physical health predicted subsequent decreases in job insecurity. However, job insecurity did not have a significant influence on physical health. Furthermore, higher job insecurity predicted subsequent decreases in mental health, and higher mental health predicted subsequent decreases in job insecurity. This pattern of findings suggests a dynamic and reciprocal within-person process wherein positive deviations from one’s average trajectory of job insecurity are associated with subsequently lower levels of mental health and vice versa. We additionally find evidence for linear trends in these within-person processes themselves, suggesting that the strength of the within-person influence of job insecurity on mental health becomes more strongly negative over time (i.e., a negative amplifying cycle). This research provides practical insights into job insecurity as a health threat and shows how concerns about job loss following deteriorations in physical and mental health serve to further threaten well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of work-focused interventions for employees with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress (2025)
Sanatkar, Samineh ; Harvey, Samuel B. ; Lipscomb, Rosie; Petrie, Katherine; Deady, Mark; Mykletun, Arnstein ; Xu, Mei; Collins, Daniel; Dalgaard, Vita Ligaya; Arena, Andrew; LaMontagne, Anthony D. ; Counson, Isabelle;Zitatform
Sanatkar, Samineh, Rosie Lipscomb, Katherine Petrie, Daniel Collins, Andrew Arena, Mei Xu, Isabelle Counson, Vita Ligaya Dalgaard, Arnstein Mykletun, Anthony D. LaMontagne, Samuel B. Harvey & Mark Deady (2025): A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of work-focused interventions for employees with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 98, H. 9-10, S. 859-882. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02181-4
Abstract
"It is estimated that, every year, one fifth of the working population is affected by common mental disorders. Common mental disorders are associated with functional impairments, including those that affect work performance, such as exhaustion and cognitive problems. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the mental health impacts of work-focused interventions involving organisational-level strategies through work modifications and manager cooperation. Studies were eligible for inclusion if interventions incorporated organisational strategies to improve work functioning outcomes for employees with symptoms of common mental disorders and compared the effectiveness of the intervention with a control group. The types of organisational strategies and therapeutic approaches utilised in interventions were also compared. In March 2024, a search was completed across Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. A total of 30 studies met inclusion criteria. Data from 10 studies (n = 2281) was available post intervention to examine work functioning outcomes and from 22 studies (n = 3963) to examine mental health outcomes. Overall pooled effect sizes of work functioning (Standardised Mean Difference = 0.41, Standard Error = 0.08, 95% Confidence Interval = [0.25, 0.57]) and mental health (Standardised Mean Difference = 0.18, Standard Error = 0.05, 95% Confidence Interval = [0.08, 0.27]) outcomes post intervention were small but significant in favour of interventions. These effects were not sustained 12 to 24 months later. Organisational strategies with a focus on work modifications had superior benefits compared to those with a focus on manager cooperation. Findings suggests that employees completing work-focused interventions were better supported in the short term than those who received usual care or no intervention. More research needs to be undertaken to assess essential components of organisational strategies, under which circumstances and for whom the implementation of these strategies would be indicated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Return to work for people with chronic health conditions after medical or vocational rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review (2025)
Zitatform
Sänger, Nadine, Jan Mathis Elling, Christian Hetzel & Betje Schwarz (2025): Return to work for people with chronic health conditions after medical or vocational rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24769-8
Abstract
"This review aimed to identify factors that acted as facilitators or barriers for returning to work (RTW) for people with chronic conditions following medical or vocational rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOHost and Epistemonikos. Additional articles were identified via Google Scholar and citation tracking. All retrieved reports were screened, narratively reported and consolidated into a model aligned with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This model illustrates how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced RTW for people with chronic health conditions. The search yielded n = 1,720 hits. After removing duplicates (n = 807) and screening for eligibility, n = 57 articles met the inclusion criteria. Further articles were identified via Google Scholar (n = 23) and citation tracking (n = 18), resulting in a total number of n = 98 included reports. n = 3 articles explicitly examined RTW during the pandemic. Further articles addressed medical rehabilitation (n = 39), occupational health management (n = 21), work ability and labor market (n = 17), health services (n = 10) and vocational rehabilitation (n = 7). Most reports were published in scientific journals (83%). A variety of possible barriers and facilitators of RTW during the pandemic were identified, clustered according to the ICF components and integrated into a corresponding model. RTW during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been extensively studied yet. However, several facilitators (e.g., flexibility, remote work, time for recovery) but also barriers (e.g., therapy interruptions, increased stress, risk of infection) for RTW of people with chronic health conditions were identified. Despite mixed outcomes, these findings provide a broad overview of how the pandemic likely impacted RTW processes. Further research is needed to directly assess its effects on RTW outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Menschengerechte Gestaltung von Arbeit in einer digitalisierten Arbeitswelt (2025)
Zitatform
Tisch, Anita (2025): Menschengerechte Gestaltung von Arbeit in einer digitalisierten Arbeitswelt. In: Sozialmagazin H. 7/8, S. 91-97. DOI:10.3262/SM2508091
Abstract
"Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung verändert die Arbeitswelt und stellt auch das Sozialwesen vor neue Herausforderungen. Um diesen wirksam begegnen zu können und die Potenziale digitaler Technologien zu nutzen, sind klare Gestaltungsprinzipien wichtig. Der Beitrag beleuchtet, welche Bedeutung ausgewählte, von der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin entwickelte Kriterien menschengerechter Arbeitsgestaltung haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Hybrid work and mental distress: a cross-sectional study of 24,763 office workers in the Norwegian public sector (2025)
Zitatform
Trevino Garcia, Lorena Edith & Jan Olav Christensen (2025): Hybrid work and mental distress: a cross-sectional study of 24,763 office workers in the Norwegian public sector. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 98, H. 4/5, S. 399-407. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02136-9
Abstract
"Objective: Few studies have investigated the relationship between post-pandemic hybrid work-from-home (WFH), mental health, and work-life balance. We examined the association between hybrid WFH, mental distress, availability demands, work-life conflict, and life-work conflict. Methods: Data from 24,763 office workers in the public sector in Norway were analyzed by linear and logistic regressions. Results: Employees practicing flexible hybrid WFH (i.e., when needed/desired) were less likely to report mental distress (measured by the Hopkins Symptom-Checklist; HSCL-5) than those not practicing WFH. WFH being self-chosen was associated with less distress. Flexible WFH was also associated with availability demands, work-life conflict, and life-work conflict, which were, in turn, linked to distress. The risk of distress increased with the number of weekly days of flexible WFH. Workers with fixed agreements to regularly WFH did not report significantly less distress than those with no WFH. However, fixed WFH was associated with lower availability demands, not with work-life conflict, and was more often self-chosen than flexible WFH. Conclusion: Flexible WFH may alleviate distress but may also indicate attempts to cope with taxing availability demands, and may even introduce stressors that could reverse beneficial effects. Our results should motivate nuanced, multifactorial assessments of WFH in organizational practice and research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The hidden costs of technological change: investigating pathways through which highly automatable jobs undermine workers’ health in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Vasiakina, Mariia & Christian Dudel (2025): The hidden costs of technological change: investigating pathways through which highly automatable jobs undermine workers’ health in Germany. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2025-032), Rostock, 29 S. DOI:10.4054/mpidr-wp-2025-032
Abstract
"The ongoing economic transformation driven by automation has significant social implications, particularly for the health and well-being of workers who face the risk of job displacement and the pressure to acquire new skills and qualifications. However, the specific pathways through which exposure to automation risk affects health outcomes remain poorly understood, and the relative contribution of each potential mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we examine the nature of the relationship between high workplace exposure to automation risk and a range of subjective health outcomes – including self-reported health, anxiety, and both physical and mental component summary scores from the SF-12 Health Survey – among workers in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-EconomicPanel (SOEP) linked with administrative records from the Occupational Panel for Germany (2014–2022), we apply the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediation analysis method to assess whether broader indicators of economic uncertainty, alongside automation-specific factors, mediate the relationship between high automation risk and workers’ health. Our results indicate that the negative impact of high automation risk on health in Germany primarily operates through indirect pathways (related to mediators) for both genders, with the exception of physical health among male workers, where a direct negative effect is also evident. Economic concerns – particularly job insecurity and worries about one’s future financial situation – emerge as more significant mediators than automation-specific factors. Overall, our findings suggest that the mechanisms linking high automation risk to health are gender- and context-sensitive, and are shaped by broader economic conditions and workplace environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Too Sick for Working, or Sick of Working? Impact of Acute Health Shocks on Early Labour Market Exits (2025)
Vieira, Luis;Zitatform
Vieira, Luis (2025): Too Sick for Working, or Sick of Working? Impact of Acute Health Shocks on Early Labour Market Exits. (arXiv papers), 15 S.
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of acute health shocks on early labour market exits among individuals aged 50 and over in Europe. Utilising data from Waves 1-8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), encompassing over 140,000 individuals, I employ survival analysis techniques, including Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models. The analysis explores how sudden, severe health events, alongside self-perceived health, chronic conditions, and socio-demographic factors, influence the probability of exiting the workforce before official retirement age. Results indicate that acute health shocks significantly increase the hazard of early labour market exit, with more pronounced effects observed for males. Poorer self-perceived health and lower educational attainment are also strong predictors of early exit. Gender differences are notable: while poorer health consistently raises exit risk for both genders, income acts as a protective factor for females, and living with a partner reduces exit risk for males but increases it for females. These findings highlight the critical role of health in labour market participation and suggest the need for targeted policies to support older workers, particularly those experiencing adverse health events." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Navigating the Labor Market among People Who Use Drugs: Qualitative Evidence from a Justice-Involved Sample (2025)
Zitatform
Vuolo, Mike, Anneliese Ward & Lesley E. Schneider (2025): Navigating the Labor Market among People Who Use Drugs: Qualitative Evidence from a Justice-Involved Sample. In: Socius, Jg. 11. DOI:10.1177/23780231251362896
Abstract
"Given substantially higher substance use rates among justice-involved people and that employers are largely protected from disqualifying people who use drugs, the U.S. Department of Labor called for incorporation of substance use recovery into the “second chance” hiring framework for individuals with criminal records. Despite this call and a sizable literature on applicants navigating the market with a criminal record, the labor market experiences among the subset who use substances has not been directly studied. The authors address this research gap using 43 in-depth interviews with people with criminal records in central Ohio who use substances. With substance use taking primacy over possessing a record, two thematic approaches emerged. First, participants remained in the formal labor market by restricting applications to employers not conducting drug screens, along with avoiding triggering jobs and using evasion techniques. Second, participants described disconnecting from the labor market while using, either generating illegal income or describing addiction as too all encompassing to work. These results demonstrate that the restrictive labor market for people with criminal records is further limited among those who use substances and how substance use can prohibit labor market attachment. The authors describe implications for employment policy and the punitive nature of substance use control." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does the Sector of Employment Matter? A Study of Employee Absenteeism in Public, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Organizations (2025)
Zitatform
Wang, Rui & Yifei Hou (2025): Does the Sector of Employment Matter? A Study of Employee Absenteeism in Public, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Organizations. In: The American Review of Public Administration, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 264-279. DOI:10.1177/02750740251325305
Abstract
"While public sector employees differ from private sector employees in important aspects, limited knowledge exists regarding what accounts for these differences. This study focuses on employee absenteeism, examining variations across public, nonprofit, and for-profit sectors. We argue that the differences are shaped by both sectoral conditions and employees’ selection into sectors. Using data from the U.S. Current Population Survey between 1994 and 2019, we find that absenteeism is the highest among public sector employees, followed by nonprofit and for-profit sector employees. By tracking individuals’ absenteeism after sector switching, we reveal that entering the for-profit sector is associated with decreased absenteeism, and employees with low absenteeism propensities are equally likely to enter and leave public and nonprofit sectors. These findings indicate that public and nonprofit sector managers could effectively reduce absenteeism by retaining low-absenteeism employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"How is my body going to cope with it? How should I go on with my life?" Reflections on occupational future: interview study with cardiac rehabilitation patients with vocational reintegration risk (2025)
Wolff, Lara Luisa; Luizink-Dogan, Machteld; Holmberg, Christine; Salzwedel, Annett ; Völler, Heinz ;Zitatform
Wolff, Lara Luisa, Machteld Luizink-Dogan, Christine Holmberg, Heinz Völler & Annett Salzwedel (2025): "How is my body going to cope with it? How should I go on with my life?" Reflections on occupational future: interview study with cardiac rehabilitation patients with vocational reintegration risk. In: Die Rehabilitation. DOI:10.1055/a-2645-2652
Abstract
"Ziel: Eine negative subjektive Erwerbsprognose von Patientinnen und Patienten in der kardiologischen Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) ist mit einem beruflichen Teilhaberisiko im mittleren Verlauf assoziiert. Ziel der Studie war die Exploration, Beschreibung und Zusammenfassung der für die Selbsteinschätzung relevanten Aspekte. Methodik: 2021/22 wurde in der kardiologischen AR eine qualitative Studie mit 25 Teilnehmenden (medianes Alter 52 Jahre, 9 Frauen, 16 Männer, in Berufen mit unterschiedlicher Arbeitsschwere, 20 mit und 5 ohne Teilhaberisiko nach Würzburger Screening) durchgeführt. Die Teilnehmenden wurden in Einzelinterviews darum gebeten, über ihre Berufszukunft zu sprechen. 6–8 Monate nach AR wurdemit 8 Patientinnen und Patienten erneut ein Interview durchgeführt. Damit sollte die Relevanz der während der AR ermittelten Aspekte im Alltag der Teilnehmenden nach Entlassung überprüft werden. Alle Interviews wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und thematisch analysiert. Ergebnisse: Persönliche Aspekte, Gesundheitswahrnehmung, herzbezogene Ängste (interne Faktoren), soziales Umfeld und Anpassung der Arbeitsbedingungen (externe Faktoren) sind relevante Themen für die Einschätzung der Berufszukunft. Zwei weitere Themen sind zeitbezogen: frühere gesundheits-/krankheitsbezogene Erfahrungen und beabsichtigte Änderungen des Arbeits- und Lebensstils. Vor allem Patientinnen und Patienten mit Teilhaberisiko erlebten herzbezogene Ängste, reflektierten frühere Gesundheits-/Krankheitserfahrungen und äußerten den Wunsch, in Zukunft wieder zu arbeiten, formulierten jedoch keinen klaren Handlungsplan für die berufliche Wiedereingliederung. Sie wollten zunächst ihre Gesundheit priorisieren und sich Zeit für den Wiedereinstieg nehmen, wobei sie sich von ihrem sozialen Umfeld oft unterstützt fühlten. Die Themen überschnitten sich zwischen den Patientinnen und Patienten mit und ohne Teilhaberisiko, differierten jedoch in Relevanz und Details. Schlussfolgerungen: Insgesamt zeigen Patientinnen und Patienten mit und ohne Teilhaberisiko in ihren Beschreibungen der eigenen Berufszukunft Ähnlichkeiten hinsichtlich relevanter Aspekte. Die Reflektionen der Teilnehmenden mit Teilhaberisiko waren jedoch insbesondere durch die wahrgenommene herzbezogene Angst oder das Fehlen konkreter Wiedereingliederungspläne für ihre berufliche Zukunft gekennzeichnet. Diese Aspekte sollten in individuellen, ganzheitlichen und zielgerichteten Ansätzen zur Unterstützung von Patientinnen und Patienten auf ihrem Weg zurück in die Berufstätigkeit berücksichtigt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating the impact of state paid sick leave laws on worker outcomes in the U.S. service sector, 2017–2023 (2025)
Zitatform
Woods, Tyler, Daniel Schneider & Kristen Harknett (2025): Estimating the impact of state paid sick leave laws on worker outcomes in the U.S. service sector, 2017–2023. In: SSM - population health, Jg. 31. DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101830
Abstract
"In the absence of a federal paid sick leave (PSL) standard, numerous U.S. states have passed laws to provide workers access to such benefits. These laws may be especially beneficial for low-wage workers whose employers often do not voluntarily provide PSL. We draw on novel data from The Shift Project (N = 68,930), which surveyed U.S. service sector workers between 2017 and 2023, to examine the effects of state PSL laws on proximate worker outcomes (i.e., PSL coverage and presenteeism), downstream worker outcomes (e.g., health, well-being, and labor market outcomes), and firms' channels of adjustment (e.g., hourly wages, work schedules, other fringe benefits). We use stacked difference-in-differences models to estimate the effects of 11 state PSL laws on service sector workers, leveraging the time horizon and scope of our data to make comparisons between treatment and control states before and after the implementation of such laws. We find that state PSL laws increased hourly service sector workers’ access to PSL by 14 percentage points (p < 0.001)and reduced the share of workers who worked while sick by 3 percentage points (p < 0.01). In addition, we find little evidence that firms offset the costs of providing PSL by reducing other benefits for workers. This increase in PSL coverage among service sector workers and their reduced likelihood of working while sick could have significant positive implications for public health. But, we also show that PSL laws have little demonstrable effect on other downstream health, well-being, and labor market outcomes for covered workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital stress perception and associations with work- and health-related outcomes among general practitioners in Germany: a quantitative study (2025)
Zitatform
Würtenberger, Annika, David A. Groneberg & Stefanie Mache (2025): Digital stress perception and associations with work- and health-related outcomes among general practitioners in Germany: a quantitative study. In: BMC health services research, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-12653-5
Abstract
"Background: Digital technologies are increasingly being integrated into healthcare settings, including the ambulatory sector of general practitioners, with potential improvement in everyday work life. Although the changes sound very promising, the adoption of new technologies can also introduce additional stressors for medical staff, potentially resulting in negative impacts on work performance and health. This study seeks to identify the stressors and resources associated with digitization among general practitioners in Germany, explore their effects on work and health variables, and uncover potential preventive measures to mitigate these stressors. Methods: This mixed methods study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. An online questionnaire was used to examine the relationships between technostress creators, inhibitors, and the perception of technostress, as well as the measures of burnout, job satisfaction, and general health among 114 general practitioners in Germany's ambulatory care setting. The study was carried out between March and June 2024. Several validated instruments were employed, including the Technostress Model and selected items from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Exploratory assumptions were evaluated using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses. Results: The study found medium levels of technostress perception among the participating general practitioners (n = 114) along with a substantial level of technostress inhibitors. The general practitioners surveyed in this study reported experiencing burnout symptoms occasionally, expressed a moderate level of job satisfaction, and generally described their health status as good. The relationships between stressors and work- and health-related outcomes were analyzed. Conclusions: This study offers a preliminary overview of the persistence of techno-stressors, technostress inhibitors, and technostress levels and their impact on health- and work-related outcomes among general practitioners in Germany. The findings indicate that using information and communication technologies can lead to heightened stress, increased burnout symptoms, and reduced job satisfaction. As the workload for general practitioners is expected to grow in the upcoming years, the study highlights the critical need for additional preventive strategies to mitigate stress and improve well-being among general practitioners." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))