Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik
Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Grundlagenbeiträge
- Methoden und Datensatzbeschreibungen
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Typologie der Maßnahmen
- Institutionen der Arbeitsförderung
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Vermittlung und Beratung
- Prozessoptimierung
- Profiling und Case Management, Eingliederungsvereinbarung
- Unterstützung bei der Arbeitsuche
- Vermittlung durch Dritte
- Vermittlung von Beziehern von Bürgergeld, Sozialhilfe oder Arbeitslosengeld II
- Zusammenarbeit von Arbeits- und Sozialverwaltung
- Job-Center
- Personal-Service-Agentur
- Zeitarbeit
- (gemeinnützige) Arbeitnehmerüberlassung
- Vermittlungsgutscheine
- Berufsberatung
- Aus- und Weiterbildung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Transfer- und Mobilitätsmaßnahmen
- berufliche Rehabilitation
- Lohnersatzleistungen / Einkommensunterstützung
- Altersteilzeit und Vorruhestand
- Sonstiges
- Typologie der Arbeitslosen
- besondere Personengruppen
- Geschlecht
- Geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
Measuring labor market activity today: are the words work and job too limiting for surveys? (2018)
Allard, Mary Dorinda; Polivka, Anne E.;Zitatform
Allard, Mary Dorinda & Anne E. Polivka (2018): Measuring labor market activity today. Are the words work and job too limiting for surveys? In: Monthly labor review H. November, S. 1-19. DOI:10.21916/mlr.2018.26
Abstract
"The Current Population Survey (CPS) produces some of the nation's most closely watched labor market statistics, including the national unemployment rate. However, some researchers have recently suggested that the labor force questions used in the CPS do not correctly capture workers in informal employment arrangements, causing an undercount in employment. Although we cannot directly measure how many workers might be missed in the CPS, we use data on income-generating activities from the American Time Use Survey to explore possible misclassification of employment in the CPS." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment (2018)
Andersson, Josefine;Zitatform
Andersson, Josefine (2018): Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,23), Uppsala, 47 S.
Abstract
"The well-known positive relationship between the unemployment benefit level and unemployment duration can be separated into two potential sources; a moral hazard effect, and a liquidity effect pertaining to the increased ability to smooth consumption. The latter is a socially optimal response due to credit and insurance market failures. These two effects are difficult to separate empirically, but the social optimality of an unemployment insurance policy can be evaluated by studying the effect of a non-distortionary lump-sum severance grant on unemployment durations. In this study, I evaluate the effects on unemployment duration and subsequent job quality of a lump-sum severance grant provided to displaced workers, by means of a Swedish collective agreement. I use a regression discontinuity design, based on the strict age requirement to be eligible for the grant. I find that the lump-sum grant has a positive effect on the probability of becoming unemployed and the length of the completed unemployment duration, but no effect on subsequent job quality. My analysis also indicates that spousal income is important for the consumption smoothing abilities of displaced workers, and that the grant may have a greater effect in times of more favorable labor market conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries (2018)
Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier; Intxaurburu, Gurutze; Alsasua, Jesús-Luis; Ullibarri-Arce, Miren;Zitatform
Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier, Jesús-Luis Alsasua, Gurutze Intxaurburu & Miren Ullibarri-Arce (2018): Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries. In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 207-226. DOI:10.1080/13511610.2017.1384366
Abstract
"The elements that we usually include under the concept of 'labour market institutions' exert a clear influence on the workings of the labour market. However, the assessment of labour market policies and institutions remains mostly focused on their impact on the quantity of jobs, while people's well-being depends crucially on how good their jobs are. This paper is a modest attempt to contribute some evidence and insight to the debate on the effects that particular institutional configurations have on the generation of high-quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vorbild für Tschechien?: Auf einem Symposium in Prag stellt das IAB sich und seine Arbeit vor (2018)
Zitatform
Blien, Uwe, Linda Borrs, Veronika Hecht, Hannah Illing & Michael Moritz (2018): Vorbild für Tschechien? Auf einem Symposium in Prag stellt das IAB sich und seine Arbeit vor. In: IAB-Forum H. 15.06.2018, o. Sz., 2018-06-14.
Abstract
"In Tschechien besteht Interesse, ein Forschungsinstitut mit dem Schwerpunkt Arbeitsmarkt aufzubauen. Deshalb war eine Reihe von Forscherinnen und Forschern des IAB im April dieses Jahres in Prag, um bei einem eintägigen Symposium in Kooperation mit dem dortigen Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute über die Arbeit des IAB zu berichten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Flexicurity and the dynamics of the welfare state adjustments (2018)
Zitatform
Bubak, Oldrich (2018): Flexicurity and the dynamics of the welfare state adjustments. In: Transfer, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 387-404. DOI:10.1177/1024258918781732
Abstract
"Die Verwerfungen der jüngsten globalen Finanzkrise verstärkten mehrere der schon vorhandenen industriellen und ökonomischen Herausforderungen und schoben eine Reihe von oftmals widersprüchlichen Lösungsansätzen in den Vordergrund. In diesem Artikel konzentrieren wir uns auf zwei unterschiedliche Sichtweisen, wie ökonomische Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (wieder) hergestellt und Wachstum ermöglicht werden kann: Flexicurity und Austeritätspolitik. Über die Zukunft dieser widersprüchlichen 'Rezepte' kann im Vergleich von unterschiedlichen politischen Ökonomien viel gelernt werden, insbesondere in Anbetracht der Bedeutung der Sozialpartner bei der Entwicklung von Flexicurity und ihrer unterschiedlichen Fähigkeit, die Ergebnisse von Wohlfahrtsstaaten breiter zu beeinflussen. Es stellen sich zwei Fragen. Was können wir über die Dynamik der permanenten Anpassungen des Wohlfahrtsstaates lernen, wenn wir auf die Rolle und Kapazität der Sozialpartner achten? Wie kann sinnvolle Arbeitsmarktpolitik in diesem paradoxen Umfeld aussehen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen untersuchen wir das Vereinigte Königreich - mit seiner eher bescheidenen Sozial- und Beschäftigungssicherheit - und Dänemark, das Musterbeispiel für Flexicurity. Die Unterschiede in den Philosophien, bei der Entwicklung ihrer Institutionen und den organisationalen Interaktionen dieser beiden Staaten erklären nicht nur ihre jeweiligen Entscheidungen nach dem Ausbruch der Krise, sondern auch ihre Erwartungen an sozial orientierte Arbeitsmarktpolitik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung: Das IAB setzt auf fünf Qualitätsprinzipien (2018)
Bähr, Holger;Zitatform
Bähr, Holger (2018): Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung: Das IAB setzt auf fünf Qualitätsprinzipien. In: IAB-Forum H. 14.06.2018, o. Sz., 2018-06-11.
Abstract
"Politikberatung ist ein fester Bestandteil der Politikgestaltung in zeitgenössischen Demokratien und eine zentrale Aufgabe des IAB. Doch was macht 'gute' Politikberatung aus? Auch wenn sich die Qualität einzelner Beratungsleistungen nicht messen lässt, können Qualitätsmerkmale benannt und Wege der Qualitätssicherung aufgezeigt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bähr, Holger; -
Literaturhinweis
What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations (2018)
Zitatform
Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2018): What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 894-931. DOI:10.1093/jeea/jvx028
Abstract
"We summarize the estimates from over 200 recent studies of active labor market programs. We classify the estimates by type of program and participant group, and distinguish between three different post-program time horizons. Using regression models for the estimated program effect (for studies that model the probability of employment) and for the sign and significance of the estimated effect (for all the studies in our sample) we conclude that: (1) average impacts are close to zero in the short run, but become more positive 2 - 3 years after completion of the program; (2) the time profile of impacts varies by type of program, with larger average gains for programs that emphasize human capital accumulation; (3) there is systematic heterogeneity across participant groups, with larger impacts for females and participants who enter from long term unemployment; (4) active labor market programs are more likely to show positive impacts in a recession." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 9236 -
Literaturhinweis
Measuring uncertainty and its impact on the economy (2018)
Zitatform
Carriero, Andrea, Todd E. Clark & Massimiliano Marcellino (2018): Measuring uncertainty and its impact on the economy. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 100, H. 5, S. 799-815. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_00693
Abstract
"We propose a new model for measuring uncertainty and its effects on the economy, based on a large vector autoregression with stochastic volatility driven by common factors representing macroeconomic and financial uncertainty. The uncertainty measures reflect changes in both the conditional mean and volatility of the variables, and their impact on the economy can be assessed within the same framework. Estimates with U.S. data show substantial commonality in uncertainty, with sizable effects of uncertainty on key macroeconomic and financial variables. However, historical decompositions show a limited role of uncertainty shocks in macroeconomic fluctuations." (Author's abstract, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wirkungsforschung im SGB II (2018)
Zitatform
Dietz, Martin, Peter Kupka & Philipp Ramos Lobato (2018): Wirkungsforschung im SGB II. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 74-83.
Abstract
"Der Gesetzgeber hat das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung beauftragt, die Wirkungen der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende zu untersuchen. Dabei geht es aber nicht nur um arbeitsmarktpolitische Instrumente, sondern auch um die Höhe der materiellen Leistungen. Was sind also die unterschiedlichen 'Wirkungen' des Gesetzes? Wie werden sie gemessen bzw. erforscht? Und hat die Wirkungsforschung selbst auch eine Wirkung?" (Autorenreferat, © Deutscher Verein für öffentliche und private Fürsorge e.V.)
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Literaturhinweis
Rückblick auf die Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Jahr 2017: Interviewführung und Aufzeichnung: Dennis Redeker (2018)
Eichhorst, Werner;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner (2018): Rückblick auf die Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Jahr 2017. Interviewführung und Aufzeichnung: Dennis Redeker. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 2, S. 111-119. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0007
Abstract
"Das Jahr 2017 war erneut ein Jahr des Rekordstandes, was die Zahl der Erwerbstätigen angeht. Auch die Zahl der geleisteten bezahlten Arbeitsstunden, das sogenannte Arbeitsvolumen, hat den höchsten Stand seit der Wiedervereinigung erreicht, während die Arbeitslosigkeit weiter gesunken ist. Auf der Ebene der Gesamtindikatoren beobachten wir also eine sehr positive Entwicklung. Damit einher geht auch ein bemerkenswertes Wachstum der Brutto-Nominallöhne, wenngleich aufgrund des moderaten Anziehens der Inflation die Reallöhne allerdings nicht ganz Schritt halten können. Insgesamt konnten wir im vergangenen Jahrzehnt eine 'normalere' Entwicklung der Löhne beobachten, vor allem im Vergleich zu den 2000er Jahren, was in der Folge zu einer Stabilisierung der Lohnstückkosten geführt hat. Die Entwicklung im vergangenen Jahr sind insbesondere auch auf das positive globale Wirtschaftsklima zurückzuführen, trotz wachsender Unsicherheiten über die weitere Entwicklung des Welthandels, der für die exportorientierte deutsche Wirtschaft von besonderer Bedeutung ist." (Textauszug, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Baustelle Arbeitsmarkt - die Beschäftigungsdynamik in Ost und West hat sich angeglichen (2018)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Michaela, Oskar Jost, Klara Kaufmann, Oliver Ludewig & Antje Weyh (2018): Baustelle Arbeitsmarkt - die Beschäftigungsdynamik in Ost und West hat sich angeglichen. In: IAB-Forum H. 09.11.2018, o. Sz., 2018-11-02.
Abstract
"Der Mauerfall und die rasche Einführung der Marktwirtschaft waren für die Wirtschaft der ehemaligen DDR ein beispielloser Schock. Der nachfolgende Umbau von der Zentralverwaltungs- zur Marktwirtschaft war mit einer außerordentlich starken Beschäftigungsdynamik verbunden. Insbesondere in den 1990er Jahren übertraf der Osten den Westen sowohl beim Aufbau als auch beim Abbau von Stellen deutlich. Mittlerweile sind diese Unterschiede weitgehend verschwunden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Active labour market policies and the efficiency of the European Social Fund in Spanish regions (2018)
González-Alegre, Juan;Zitatform
González-Alegre, Juan (2018): Active labour market policies and the efficiency of the European Social Fund in Spanish regions. In: Regional Studies. Journal of the Regional Studies Association, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 430-443.
Abstract
"In diesem Beitrag werden die Determinanten von staatlichen Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf regionaler Ebene mithilfe der Paneldaten einer Stichprobe von 17 spanischen Regionen (1989 - 2010) untersucht. Bei den Schätzungen werden die Endogenität, die Dynamik und die räumliche Abhängigkeit zwischen Regionen berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse der Schätzungen werden mithilfe eines einfachen theoretischen Modells von Finanzausgleichszahlungen interpretiert. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass der Europäische Sozialfonds das Ziel der Förderung von Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik nicht wirksam erreicht und dass Rent-Seeking beim Wettbewerb zwischen Regionen zum Erhalt von Mitteln aus einem gemeinsamen Pool das Gegenteil bewirkt, was sich im Fall von Imitationen noch verschlechtert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktpolitik als Inklusionsprojekt? (2018)
Zitatform
Knuth, Matthias (2018): Arbeitsmarktpolitik als Inklusionsprojekt? In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 71, H. 6, S. 456-467. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2018-6-456
Abstract
"Die langfristige Entwicklung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik ist durch widersprüchliche Verschiebungen und Verschränkungen von Inklusion und Exklusion gekennzeichnet. Etwa ab der Jahrtausendwende und bis vor Kurzem dominierten jedoch exkludierende Veränderungen sowohl beim System der Geldleistungen als auch der Förderung. Die Tendenz zur zunehmenden Polarisierung von Lebenslagen wird durch konfligierende Ziele und Logiken zweier 'Rechtskreise' nicht vermindert, sondern im Gegenteil verschärft erfahrbar gemacht. Aktuelle Suchbewegungen nach einem Ausweg sind von Unsicherheit und Orientierungslosigkeit geprägt. Erneute Reformen auf der Instrumentenebene setzen eine Neujustierung der 'Regimelogiken' von Arbeitslosenversicherung und Grundsicherung voraus. Der Beitrag skizziert hierzu einige Vorschläge." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employment policy cooperation at European level: issues, instruments, processes, institutions, and policy advice (2018)
Zitatform
Knörr, Marlene & Enzo Weber (2018): Employment policy cooperation at European level. Issues, instruments, processes, institutions, and policy advice. Nürnberg, 40 S.
Abstract
"In the past twenty years, supranational employment policy cooperation in the European Union has increased significantly. Whereas plenty of programs on numerous employment-related issues were established, cooperation between the member states predominantly occurs on a voluntary basis. Monitoring is conducted via instruments like peer reviews, benchmarking and mutual learning in the formal framework of the European Semester. With regard to designing and evaluating common activities, various EU institutions strongly rely on internal and external research-based policy advice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is labour market policy heading for social investment in European countries?: an analysis of spending trends between 2006 and 2015 (2018)
Zitatform
Lehweß-Litzmann, René (2018): Is labour market policy heading for social investment in European countries? An analysis of spending trends between 2006 and 2015. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 333-362. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0018
Abstract
"From a perspective of social investment, this article analyses monetary efforts made by European countries in terms of active and passive labour market policy (LMP) between 2006 and 2015. How did spending evolve under the double impression of the social investment discourse and the crisis after 2008? How does LMP now differ from what it was before the crisis? We find that there is no real trend towards social investment in the field of LMP in recent years. This Shows both in the relationship between passive and active spending and in the composition of active spending. In particular, training - crucial to a social investment approach - is further weakened in most countries' policy arrangements. Concerning levels of spending, it is shown that labour market policy gets fiscally more demanding on aggregate, while the amount of resources made available to the average individual job seeker shrinks. Spending on LMP also remains very unequal between European countries." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms: a comparison between policy systems (2018)
Zitatform
Lombardi, Stefano, Oskar Nordström Skans & Johan Vikström (2018): Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms. A comparison between policy systems. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,06), Uppsala, 35 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies how New Start Jobs (Nystartsjobb) and Employment Subsidies (Anstallningsstod) affect Swedish firms. We study effects on the number of employees, firm performance and other firm level outcomes. We use Swedish administrative data from the period 1998-2008. One result is that treated firms substantially outperform other recruiting firms after hiring through subsidies, both in terms of the number of employees and in terms of various production measures, despite having identical pre-match trajectories. This pattern is clear for the period with Employment Subsidies, but less clear for the period with New Start Jobs. For New Starts Jobs we instead see that they have a clear positive effect on firms' survival rates. Overall, our results suggest that targeted employment subsidies can have large positive effects on post-match outcomes of the hiring firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment protection and unemployment benefits: on technology adoption and job creation in a matching model (2018)
Zitatform
Lommerud, Kjell Erik, Odd Rune Straume & Steinar Vagstad (2018): Employment protection and unemployment benefits. On technology adoption and job creation in a matching model. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 3, S. 763-793. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12244
Abstract
"We analyse the effects of different labour-market policies (employment protection, unemployment benefits, and payroll taxes) on job creation and technology choices in a model where firms are matched with workers of different productivity and wages are determined by ex post bargaining. The model is characterized by two intertwined sources of inefficiency, namely a matching externality and a hold-up externality associated with the bargaining strength of workers. The results depend on the relative importance of the two externalities and on worker risk aversion. 'Flexicurity', meaning low employment protection and generous unemployment insurance, can be optimal if workers are sufficiently risk-averse and the hold-up problem is relatively important." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor supply and the business cycle: The "Bandwagon Worker Effect" (2018)
Zitatform
Martín Román, Ángel L., Jaime Cuéllar-Martín & Alfonso Moral de Blas (2018): Labor supply and the business cycle: The "Bandwagon Worker Effect". (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 274), Maastricht, 30 S.
Abstract
"The relationship between the labor force participation and the business cycle has become a topic in the economic literature. However, few studies have considered whether the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation is influenced by 'social effects'. In this paper, we construct a theoretical model to develop the 'Added Worker Effect' and the 'Discouraged Worker Effect', and we integrate the 'social effects', coining a new concept, the Bandwagon Worker Effect (BWE). To estimate the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation, we employ a panel dataset of fifty Spanish provinces for the period 1977-2015. Finally, we use spatial econometrics techniques to test the existence of the BWE in the local labor markets in Spain. Our results reveal that there exists a positive spatial dependence in the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation that decreases as we fix a laxer neighborhood criterion, which verifies the existence of the BWE. From the perspective of economic policy, our work confirms that 'social effects' play a key role at the time of determining the economic dynamics of the territories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Benefit reform for employment and equal opportunity in Finland (2018)
Pareliussen, Jon Kristian; Hwang, Hyunjeong;Zitatform
Pareliussen, Jon Kristian & Hyunjeong Hwang (2018): Benefit reform for employment and equal opportunity in Finland. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1467), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/26e12903-en
Abstract
"The combination of different working-age benefits, childcare costs and income taxation creates complexity, reduces work incentives and holds back employment. Major disincentives in Finland are related to tapering rules for unemployment benefits, social assistance and the housing benefit, the extended unemployment benefit for older workers, the childcare fee structure and the homecare allowance. Improved benefit design combined with efficient activation policies can reduce complexity and remove the strongest disincentives while minimising adverse fiscal and social impacts. Replacing current benefits with a basic income would improve incentives for many, but with a drastic redistribution of income and likely increasing poverty as a result. Merging working-age benefits with similar aims and coordinating their tapering against earnings would on the other hand consistently improve work incentives and transparency, while preserving social protection. Once the new income registry comes online, linking benefit payments to real-time incomes, combined with strengthened work incentives, would make for a truly efficient and inclusive benefit system, fit for the future of work. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of Finland" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment relations reforms and NewZzealand's 'Productivity Paradox' (2018)
Zitatform
Rasmussen, Erling & Michael Fletcher (2018): Employment relations reforms and NewZzealand's 'Productivity Paradox'. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 75-92.
Abstract
"In Australia, it has been debated whether the Fair Work Act (FWA) has a negative or positive impact on productivity growth. Likewise, in New Zealand, there has also been considerable interest and debate about that country's so-called 'productivity paradox', though this has yet to be linked to employment relations legislation in recent debates. This is surprising since it has been an explicit aim to raise productivity growth of the two last employment relations reforms. This paper will focus on how employment relations has been supposed to impact on productivity growth during the Employment Contracts Act 1991 and the Employment Relations Act 2000 periods. It will discuss why employment relations reforms have yet to shift the productivity growth and explanations of the 'productivity paradox' so far. This includes how employer attitudes and behaviours may be part of the productivity 'paradox' as well as a brief overview of the research and approaches of the Productivity Commission. The paper suggests that, while employment relations can play a part in lifting productivity levels, what is crucial are contextual factors and how employment relations and other policies combine to reinforce each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Hysteresis and labour market institutions: evidence from the UK and the Netherlands (2018)
Rodriguez-Gil, Antonio;Zitatform
Rodriguez-Gil, Antonio (2018): Hysteresis and labour market institutions. Evidence from the UK and the Netherlands. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 1985-2025. DOI:10.1007/s00181-017-1338-y
Abstract
"This paper uses data for the UK and the Netherlands (1983q4 - 2011q4) to test if hysteresis occurs in these economies, and through what mechanisms. The novelty of the paper resides in the use of a VAR-IRF that encompasses previous hysteresis studies, using long-term unemployment, productivity, capital stock and real long-term interest rates, and in the use of specific Labour Market Institutions shocks, such as benefits, taxation or unions' power. This allows us to disentangle what specific demand and supply-variables affect unemployment in the long-run, i.e. the NAIRU. Our findings suggest that there is hysteresis in both countries, and that it happens through several channels. Further, we find that the influence of Labour Market Institutions on unemployment depend on their impact on the real wages-productivity gap. These results have implications for structural and macroeconomic policies that we also discuss. Finally, we investigate the impact of different supply and demand-shock on long-term unemployment and discuss the relevant policy implications." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Anforderungen an Datenstrukturen in der Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung (2018)
Zitatform
Struck, Olaf & Franziska Ganesch (2018): Anforderungen an Datenstrukturen in der Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 71, H. 4, S. 307-316. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2018-4-307
Abstract
"Anforderungen an Datenstrukturen in der Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung In Deutschland werden vergleichsweise umfänglich Daten für die Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung erhoben. Gleichwohl bestehen Defizite. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die derzeitigen Erhebungen zu vielen wichtigen Fragen, darunter Digitalisierung, neuen (hybriden) Arbeitsformen, Zuwanderung, Qualifikation und Gesundheit an Arbeitsplätzen, nur unzulänglich Antworten zulassen. Zudem benennt er die Anforderungen an eine wissenschaftlich fundierte und aktuelle Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung und stellt diesen vorhandene Datensätze und ihre Analysemöglichkeiten gegenüber. Deutlich wird: Notwendig ist eine Diskussion über veränderte, praktikable, aber inhaltlich ertragreiche Erhebungen und Datenstrukturen. Dabei geht es um das Ziel, Pro¡blemlagen für Arbeitnehmer, Unternehmen und Gesellschaft, seien sie ökonomischer, qualifikatorischer oder gesundheitlicher Art, wissenschaftlich umfänglicher und präziser als bislang analysieren zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The quantification of structural reforms (2018)
Égert, Balázs;Zitatform
Égert, Balázs (2018): The quantification of structural reforms. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1482), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/6d883be1-en
Abstract
"This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Der Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland 2017 (2018)
Zitatform
(2018): Der Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland 2017. In: Amtliche Nachrichten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Jg. 65, H. Sondernr. 2, S. 1-230.
Abstract
"Die deutsche Wirtschaft erlebte im Jahr 2017 einen kräftigen Aufschwung. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt ist um 2,2 Prozent gestiegen, nach +1,9 Prozent im Jahr 2016. Der Konjunkturaufschwung ist breit angelegt und wird vor allem von binnenwirtschaftlichen Kräften getragen. Auch der Arbeitsmarkt entwickelte sich sehr gut. Die Erwerbstätigkeit hat wegen des Aufbaus sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung kräftig zugenommen. Das Plus resultiert zum größeren Teil aus Zuwanderung und gestiegener Erwerbsneigung, kam aber auch inländischen Arbeitslosen zugute. Arbeitslosigkeit und Unterbeschäftigung sind jahresdurchschnittlich gesunken, obwohl mehr geflüchtete Menschen in Arbeitslosigkeit und Unterbeschäftigung gezählt wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Living and working in Europe 2017 (2018)
Zitatform
(2018): Living and working in Europe 2017. (Eurofound yearbook : living and working in Europe), Dublin, IV, 81 S. DOI:10.2806/603802
Abstract
"Living and working in Europe, Eurofound's 2017 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as recounted in the Agency's research activities over the course of 2017. As economies recover, Eurofound reported on the positive trends in employment, with rising numbers in work and a continued expansion of employment in good jobs. It also provided an updated account of quality of life in Europe post-crisis, showing that on many dimensions Europeans are doing as well as before the crisis, if not better. Challenges remain, nevertheless: labour markets are beset by long-term unemployment, underemployment and high levels of inactivity; quality of life in many dimensions is poor within certain population groups, and disparities between countries are sometimes stark. Eurofound's work provides a reservoir of knowledge to inform policymakers at EU and national levels in addressing such challenges. The yearbook is accompanied by the Consolidated annual activity report of the Authorising Officer for 2017, which is the Agency's formal reporting on operations, staff and budgets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Weiterbildung und Arbeitsmarktpolitik: Qualifizierungsanforderungen - Paradigmenwechsel - Reformvorschläge (2017)
Bosch, Gerhard;Zitatform
Bosch, Gerhard (2017): Weiterbildung und Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Qualifizierungsanforderungen - Paradigmenwechsel - Reformvorschläge. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 66, H. 7/8, S. 261-268.
Abstract
"Im Folgenden wird zunächst der Wandel der Qualifikationsanforderungen, der einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik erfordert, analysiert (Abschnitt 1). Danach werden die bisherigen Paradigmenwechsel in der Förderung beruflicher Weiterbildung in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik in den beiden Perioden 1969 bis 2002 (Abschnitt 2) und 2003 bis 2016 (Abschnitt 3) untersucht, bevor die eigenen Reformvorschläge erläutert werden (Abschnitt 4)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment: Examples from active labour-market policy (2017)
Zitatform
Burgoon, Brian (2017): Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment. Examples from active labour-market policy. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 161-173. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0014
Abstract
"This chapter explores the empirical challenges of understanding the socioeconomic implications of social investment welfare reform. Such understanding is crucial to gauging the pay-offs and pitfalls of social investment, but is also extremely difficult, given the complex character of social investment and its multiple and interacting consequences for work and well-being. Such complexity, the chapter contends, yields an unusually strong tension between relevance and rigour that dooms any dialogue among social scientists and practitioners with clashing methodological commitments. The present study argues in favour of a practical pluralism to facilitate such dialogue. This pluralism entails combining and comparing empirical work across the full spectrum of relevance and rigour. The chapter illustrates the problems and pluralist solutions with a combination of macro-country-year and macro-individual-year analysis of how active labour-market policies (ALMP) affect the poverty of vulnerable citizens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms (2017)
Zitatform
Gehrke, Britta & Enzo Weber (2017): Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms. (IAB-Discussion Paper 23/2017), Nürnberg, 35 S.
Abstract
"Dieses Papier untersucht, ob die Effekte von Arbeitsmarktreformen, die die Flexibilität des Arbeitsmarktes erhöhen, mit dem Konjunkturzyklus zusammenhängen. Auf Basis der Such- und Matchingtheorie schlagen wir ein ökonometrisches Modell mit unbeobachtbaren Komponenten und Markov Switching vor, das die Effekte von Reformen in Rezession und Expansion trennt. Unsere Ergebnisse für Deutschland und Spanien zeigen, dass Reformen in Rezessionen kurz- und mittelfristig deutlich geringere positive Effekte auf den Arbeitsmarkt haben. Kurzfristig können die Effekte sogar negativ werden. Dies schränkt das Potential von Reformen kurzfristig die negativen Effekte von Rezessionen abzufedern deutlich ein. Unsere Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Kosten, die damit verbunden sind Reformen in Rezessionen umzusetzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Handbook of social policy evaluation (2017)
Greve, Bent ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ; Lancker, Wim Van ;Zitatform
Greve, Bent (Hrsg.) (2017): Handbook of social policy evaluation. Cheltenham: Elgar, 542 S.
Abstract
This Handbook uses methodologies and cases to discover how and when to evaluate social policy, and looks at the possible impacts of evaluation on social policy decisions. The contributors present a detailed analysis on how to conduct social policy evaluation, how to be aware of pitfalls and dilemmas and how to use evidence effectively.
Organized into three thematic sections, this new resource includes contributions from a variety of researchers from a range of disciplines and countries. The first section explores evaluation and examples of methods used; the second focuses on the intersection between evaluation and policy-making; and the third delves into current social policy in order to discover the use of evaluation within central welfare state policies. One conclusion found is that welfare states are increasingly using evidence, but that it varies from and within different welfare areas. -
Literaturhinweis
Agenda 2010 - zur Diskussion über weitere Reformen der Reform (2017)
Zitatform
Haller, Peter, Elke Jahn, Gesine Stephan, Simon Trenkle & Enzo Weber (2017): Agenda 2010 - zur Diskussion über weitere Reformen der Reform. (IAB-Stellungnahme 05/2017), Nürnberg, 13 S.
Abstract
"Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2017/18 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Diskussion über weitere Korrekturen der Agenda 2010 gebeten. Das IAB äußerte sich im Herbst 2017 zu den Effekten der Hartz-Reformen und zu möglichen weiteren politischen Maßnahmen am Arbeitsmarkt, betrachtete die Effekte mit dem Alter steigender Anspruchsdauern des Arbeitslosengeldes und die Auswirkungen der Reform der Bezugsdauer für ältere Arbeitslose ab 45 Jahren von 2006 und ging auf die am 1. April 2017 in Kraft getretenen gesetzlichen Änderungen zu Zeitarbeit und Werkverträgen ein. Die Erkenntnisse hierzu werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Normen und Strukturen einer solidarischen und investiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik (2017)
Zitatform
Kaps, Petra, Silke Bothfeld, Martin Brussig, Tina Hofmann & Matthias Knuth (2017): Normen und Strukturen einer solidarischen und investiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 047), Düsseldorf, 124 S.
Abstract
"Das Working Paper bilanziert die Veränderungen der normativen und institutionellen Basis der Arbeitsmarktpolitik der letzten Jahre. Es zeigt normative Inkohärenzen, institutionelle Inkonsistenzen, Schnittstellenprobleme und mögliche Handlungsoptionen auf. Es werden Veränderungsbedarfe skizziert, die notwendig wären, um diesen Teil der sozialstaatlichen Grundordnung den veränderten Realitäten am Arbeitsmarkt so anzupassen, dass Übergänge zwischen Beschäftigungen und Einstiege bzw. Wiedereinstiege in Erwerbstätigkeit möglichst gelingen, Teilhabebarrieren abgebaut werden und die Legitimität des Sozialstaats in der Sicht seiner Nutzer/innen wieder steigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The concept of sustainability and its application to labor market policy: A discussion of political feasibility, implementation, and measurability (2017)
Lubk, Claudia;Zitatform
Lubk, Claudia (2017): The concept of sustainability and its application to labor market policy. A discussion of political feasibility, implementation, and measurability. Wiesbaden: Springer, 239 S.
Abstract
"Claudia Lubk analyzes the transferal between the guiding principle of sustainability and the policy field of labor market policy. She discusses both separately to elaborate the most important aspects necessary to make the transition towards sustainable labor market policy. In addition, the author focusses on the political feasibility of measures to implement sustainable policies and considers the challenges posed by realizing the sustainability concept. Based on this analysis, a working definition of sustainable labor market policy is developed." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Zukunft gerecht gestalten – gegen Ungleichheiten in Deutschland und Europa (2017)
Nahles, Andrea;Zitatform
Nahles, Andrea (2017): Die Zukunft gerecht gestalten – gegen Ungleichheiten in Deutschland und Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften, Jg. 15, H. 2/3, S. 553-562. DOI:10.5771/1610-7780-2017-2-3-553
Abstract
"Der Kampf für mehr Gerechtigkeit gehört weder in die Mottenkiste der Ge-schichte, noch darf er auf unser Land beschränkt bleiben. Wenn es gelingt, Ungleichheiten abzubauen, stärkt das den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt in Deutschland und in Europa. Unsere demokratischen Grundwerte und die Solidarität zwischen den Generationen und zwischen Stärkeren und Schwächeren waren auch in Krisenzeiten nie verhandelbar. Sie werden auch das Fundament sein, auf dem wir die Zukunft gemeinsam gestalten – mit mehr Gerechtigkeit." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
From the "planning euphoria" to the "bitter economic truth": The transmission of economic ideas into German labour market policies in the 1960s and 2000s (2017)
Zitatform
Pühringer, Stephan & Markus Griesser (2017): From the "planning euphoria" to the "bitter economic truth": The transmission of economic ideas into German labour market policies in the 1960s and 2000s. (Working Paper Serie der Institute für Ökonomie und Philosophie / Cusanus Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung Ök-30), Koblenz, 20 S.
Abstract
"This paper compares the interconnections between dominant economic thought and processes of policy-making in the area of labour market reforms in Germany in the late 1960s and the early 2000s. The transition in labour market policies in this period could be described as a change from an active to an activating approach. At the level of economic discourse these policy changes correspond to a paradigm shift from Keynesian to neoclassical/neoliberal economic thought. We investigated these changes by focussing on two distinct reforms of labour market policies and carried out a critical discourse analysis of the relevant public and academic discourse of economists. We find that the paradigm shift in economic thought was accompanied by a shift in economists' discourses on labour market policy issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The truncated German social investment turn (2017)
Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin;Zitatform
Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin (2017): The truncated German social investment turn. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 227-234. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0020
Abstract
"Traditionally Germany has been categorized as the archetypical conservative welfare state, a categorization not systematically questioned in much of the comparative welfare state regime literature. For many scholars Germany was largely stuck and unable to reform its coordinated market economy and welfare state arrangements at the turn of the twenty-first century, due to a large number of veto points and players and the dominance of two 'welfare state parties'. More recent research has highlighted a widening and deepening of the historically institutionalized social protection dualism, whilst at the same time significant family policy transformations, which can be considered as partially in line with the social investment paradigm, have been emphasized. This chapter sets out to sketch the main policy developments and aims to identify political determinants of social policy change in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Zukunft der Evaluation: Trends, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven (2017)
Stockmann, Reinhard; Meyer, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Stockmann, Reinhard & Wolfgang Meyer (Hrsg.) (2017): Die Zukunft der Evaluation. Trends, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven. (Sozialwissenschaftliche Evaluationsforschung 13), Münster: Waxmann, 257 S.
Abstract
"Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Evaluation ist weltweit ein außergewöhnlicher Erfolg und seit zwanzig Jahren durch ein extremes Wachstum gekennzeichnet. Dies gilt auch für Deutschland, wo Evaluation auf verschiedenen Ebenen institutionalisiert werden konnte. Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit drei unterschiedlichen Facetten dieser Institutionalisierung und wagt dabei einen Blick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungstrends.
Im ersten Abschnitt steht die Verankerung von Evaluation in der Gesellschaft im Zentrum der Betrachtungen. Zweifellos ist ohne die rapide wachsende Nachfrage öffentlicher Auftraggeber der Erfolg von Evaluation nicht zu erklären. Wieso aber Evaluation zu einem Schlüsselkonzept gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung geworden ist und ob dieser Trend sich unvermindert fortsetzen wird, sind derzeit offene Fragen.
Damit Evaluation die beschriebenen Funktionen, Anforderungen und Erwartungen in der Gesellschaft erfüllen kann, bedarf es auf der anderen Seite eines professionellen Angebots an entsprechenden Dienstleistungen und Produkten. Die hierfür benötigten Qualifikationen und fachlichen Grundlagen werden allgemein im Wissenschaftssystem vermittelt. Die Entwicklung der Verankerung von Evaluation in Forschung und Lehre sowie die dort zu erwartenden Trends stehen im Fokus des zweiten Abschnitts.
Eng verbunden damit ist die Frage, ob Evaluation zu einer eigenständigen Profession werden soll oder sich als spezieller Anwendungsbereich in den Fachdisziplinen institutionalisieren sollte. Dies betrifft den Stand der Theorie und Methodenentwicklung in der Evaluation sowie deren Alleinstellungsmerkmale gegenüber den etablierten Sozialwissenschaften." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Structural convergence vs. systems competition: Limits to the diversity of labour market policies in the EMU. Fellowship initiative "Challenges to Integrated Markets" (2017)
Zitatform
Vandenbroucke, Frank (2017): Structural convergence vs. systems competition. Limits to the diversity of labour market policies in the EMU. Fellowship initiative "Challenges to Integrated Markets". (European economy. Discussion paper 065), Brüssel, 41 S. DOI:10.2765/38194
Abstract
"This essay explores the question of whether successful monetary unions need to limit the diversity of its members' labour market policies and institutions.
DG ECFIN's Fellowship Initiative 2016-2017 'Challenges to integrated markets' culminates and comes to a successful conclusion with the publication of the fellows' contributed papers in our Discussion paper series. Against the background of increasing strains to economic integration at both the global and the European level, the Initiative has brought together a group of outstanding scholars to re-examine integration challenges at the current juncture and to explore the policy options to address these challenges in a discursive interaction process between the group of fellows and Commission services. The research themes of the fellows have spanned a broad area including topics in the political economy of globalisation and integration, issues of macroeconomic policy making at the zero lower interest rate bound, and market integration challenges not least in view of deepening EMU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The recent reform of the labour market in Italy: A review (2017)
Zitatform
(2017): The recent reform of the labour market in Italy. A review. (European economy. Discussion paper 072), Brüssel, 42 S. DOI:10.2765/049593
Abstract
"Italy undertook a major reform of the labour market in 2014-2015 (Jobs Act). This paper provides a compendium of the key changes introduced. The analysis shows that the Jobs Act has contributed to bringing Italian labour market institutions more closely into line with international benchmarks and with the principles of flexicurity. Employment protection legislation for permanent contracts has been brought into line with that of major European partners, although it remains more restrictive than the OECD average. The focus of passive labour market policies has shifted from job to worker protection, which will facilitate the reallocation of workers to more productive occupations. The designed strengthening of active labour market policies would improve job matching and reduce structural unemployment, but thorough implementation remains the key factor for achieving this critical goal. Extending the new rules on employment protection legislation also to existing permanent contracts and the strengthening of the collective bargaining framework could be considered as a follow up to the recent reform. Flanking measures to open product markets and reform the public sector are crucial to deliver the entire potential impact of the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Drivers and effects of labour market reforms: evidence from a novel policy compendium (2016)
Zitatform
Adăscăliței, Dragoș & Clemente Pignatti Morano (2016): Drivers and effects of labour market reforms. Evidence from a novel policy compendium. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 5, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1186/s40173-016-0071-z
Abstract
"The paper analyses the determinants and short-term effects of labour market reforms, using information from a novel policy compendium that covers 110 developed and developing economies between 2008 and 2014. We find that the approval of reforms is positively associated with the unemployment rate, the simultaneous implementation of fiscal consolidation measures and the presence of a fixed exchange rate regime. Differences in the results are explored by looking at the direction of reforms (i.e. increasing or decreasing legislation), temporal horizon (i.e. temporary or permanent measures) and coverage (i.e. complete or two-tier reforms); while also analysing separately reforms' determinants across domains of labour legislation (e.g. permanent contracts, collective dismissals). Finally, we find that deregulatory labour market reforms tend to increase the unemployment rate in the short run when they are approved during contractionary periods -- while they have a non-significant effect when approved during periods of economic stability or expansion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evaluating labour market policy (2016)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Regina Konle-Seidl (2016): Evaluating labour market policy. (IZA discussion paper 9966), Bonn, 16 S.
Abstract
"Labour market institutions are deemed to have a great influence on the level and structure of employment. This holds for regulation on employment protection, minimum wages or tax/benefit systems as well as active labour market policies. This is why policy makers implement labour market reforms in order to stimulate job creation. The hope linked to labour market reforms is a sustainable reduction of structural and cyclical unemployment. This chapter reviews major approaches and findings on the evaluation of the impact of different labour market institutions but pays particular attention to active labour market policies that play an important role in the portfolio of economic policy makers in many OECD countries for several decades. Rigorous evaluation in this field has grown rapidly since the early 2000s. Describing concrete evaluation studies we focus on the important role of good data, methodological problems and discuss the impact on participants as well as possible effects on non-participants. We further describe how to investigate whether a programme also achieved positive net effects at a macroeconomic level. Finally, we have a closer look on policy implications and interactions with other institutional features." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Magisches Vieleck" der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Ein Vorschlag für eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Perspektive (2016)
Figerl, Jürgen; Moser, Rudolf; Tamesberger, Dennis;Zitatform
Figerl, Jürgen, Rudolf Moser & Dennis Tamesberger (2016): "Magisches Vieleck" der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Ein Vorschlag für eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Perspektive. In: SWS-Rundschau, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 468-488.
Abstract
"Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik als ein bedeutendes sozial- und wirtschaftspolitisches Handlungsfeld hat mehrere Ziele und Interessengruppen zu vereinen. In der alltäglichen Debatte sowie auch offiziell im Arbeitsmarktservicegesetz werden meist die Wiedereingliederung von Arbeitslosen in den Arbeitsmarkt und die Senkung von Arbeitslosigkeit als Ziele angegeben. Der Artikel schlägt einen erweiterten Zielkanon im Sinne eines magischen Vieleckes für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik vor. Hierbei charakterisiert sich eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Arbeitsmarktpolitik durch eine ausgewogene Berücksichtigung der Interessen von ArbeitnehmerInnen und ArbeitgeberInnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zentrale Instrumente der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Österreich (Eingliederungsbeihilfe, Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen, sozialökonomische Betriebe und gemeinnützige Beschäftigungsprojekte, Beratungs- und Betreuungseinrichtungen) auf Mikro- und auf Makroebene evaluiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen in der Lage sind, die meisten Ziele zu vereinen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Welfare user roles in a conservative welfare state. Are Germans citizens, consumers or co-producers? (2016)
Zitatform
Köppe, Stephan, Benjamin Ewert & Florian Blank (2016): Welfare user roles in a conservative welfare state. Are Germans citizens, consumers or co-producers? In: Journal of international and comparative social policy, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1080/21699763.2015.1118400
Abstract
"Many welfare states have embraced choice and market mechanisms since the 1990s. With respect to welfare users, it has been argued that this led to a change from citizens to consumers. This paper challenges this observation and discusses changes of welfare user roles in the German welfare state. The main argument rests on the assumption that user roles are much more complex and include claimants and co-producers in addition to citizens and consumers. Based on this heuristic model of multiple user roles, empirical evidence for user roles in pension insurance, health care and schools is presented. Indeed, we observe a shift towards consumers in many fields of welfare provision, but German users are still largely addressed as claimants and citizens. Moreover, they are acting as active co-producers, entitled claimants, subversive consumers and needy patients." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and training programs (2015)
Zitatform
Barnow, Burt S. & Jeffrey Smith (2015): Employment and training programs. (NBER working paper 21659), Cambrige, Mass., 154 S. DOI:10.3386/w21659
Abstract
"This chapter considers means-tested employment and training programs in the United States. We focus in particular on large, means-tested federal programs, including the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), its successor the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), that program's recent replacement, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the long-running Job Corps program, and the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The first part of the chapter provides details on program history, organization, expenditures, eligibility rules, services, and participant characteristics. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss the applied econometric methods typically used to evaluate these programs, which in the United States means primarily social experiments and methods such as matching that rely on an assumption of 'selection on observed variables.' The third part of the chapter reviews the literature evaluating these programs, highlighting both methodological and substantive lessons learned as well as open questions. The fourth part of the chapter considers what lessons the evaluation literature provides on program operation, especially how to best allocate particular services to particular participants. The final section concludes with the big picture lessons from this literature and discussion of promising directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations (2015)
Zitatform
Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2015): What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations. (IZA discussion paper 9236), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"We present a meta-analysis of impact estimates from over 200 recent econometric evaluations of active labor market programs from around the world. We classify estimates by program type and participant group, and distinguish between three different post-program time horizons. Using meta-analytic models for the effect size of a given estimate (for studies that model the probability of employment) and for the sign and significance of the estimate (for all the studies in our sample) we conclude that: (1) average impacts are close to zero in the short run, but become more positive 2-3 years after completion of the program; (2) the time profile of impacts varies by type of program, with larger gains for programs that emphasize human capital accumulation; (3) there is systematic heterogeneity across participant groups, with larger impacts for females and participants who enter from long term unemployment; (4) active labor market programs are more likely to show positive impacts in a recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes: designed out of or designed in to the UK work programme? (2015)
Zitatform
Carter, Eleanor & Adam Whitworth (2015): Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes. Designed out of or designed in to the UK work programme? In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 277-296. DOI:10.1017/S0047279414000841
Abstract
"'Creaming' and 'parking' are endemic concerns within quasi-marketised welfare-to-work (WTW) systems internationally, and the UK's flagship Work Programme for the long-term unemployed is something of an international pioneer of WTW delivery, based on outsourcing, payment by results and provider flexibility. In the Work Programme design, providers' incentives to 'cream' and 'park' differently positioned claimants are intended to be mitigated through the existence of nine payment groups (based on claimants' prior benefit type) into which different claimants are allocated and across which job outcome payments for providers differ. Evaluation evidence suggests however that 'creaming' and 'parking' practices remain common. This paper offers original quantitative insights into the extent of claimant variation within these payment groups, which, contrary to the government's intention, seem more likely to design in rather than design out 'creaming' and 'parking'. In response, a statistical approach to differential payment setting is explored and is shown to be a viable and more effective way to design a set of alternative and empirically grounded payment groups, offering greater predictive power and value-for-money than is the case in the current Work Programme design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market reforms in Greece and the wage curve (2015)
Zitatform
Cholezas, Ioannis & Nikolaos C. Kanellopoulos (2015): Labour market reforms in Greece and the wage curve. In: Economics letters, Jg. 136, H. November, S. 19-21. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.08.026
Abstract
"We offer strong evidence of a wage curve mechanism in Greece, which seems to be substantially enhanced by reforms aimed at increasing labour market flexibility. Male, older, more qualified and rural employees appear to be more sensitive to regional unemployment." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries: a reassessment (2015)
Gal, Peter; Theising, Adam;Zitatform
Gal, Peter & Adam Theising (2015): The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries. A reassessment. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1271), Paris, 65 S. DOI:10.1787/5jrqc6t8ktjf-en
Abstract
"This paper presents a first set of updates and extensions of the large body of existing evidence about the aggregate labour market impact of structural policies, in the context of enhancing the OECD's supply-side framework for the quantification of reform packages. In line with previous findings, elements of the tax benefit system, activation policies and wage setting institutions are found to be robust policy determinants of the aggregate employment and unemployment rates. Looking beyond the overall employment impact, outcomes for vulnerable groups such as the low educated, the youth and the elderly tend to be more affected by certain structural policies, including specific measures targeted at them. Finally, more competition-friendly product market regulations are also found to impact aggregate employment rates positively and significantly, although less robustly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The latest italian labour market reforms in the perspective of decent work basic-relations-fairness proposal (2015)
Lavagnini, Martina; Mennella, Antonella;Zitatform
Lavagnini, Martina & Antonella Mennella (2015): The latest italian labour market reforms in the perspective of decent work basic-relations-fairness proposal. In: Global Labour Journal, Jg. 6, H. 2, S. 156-172.
Abstract
"This work is a contribution to the debate on 'decent work', here developed as an instrument to measure an aspect of human development. The concept, conceived by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1999, is here interpreted in relation to Sen's (1999) capability approach. The main idea is that decent work 'can be a liberator' (Sen, 1999: 116). Elements identified in the basicrelations- fairness proposal are grouped into three profiles, which are ordered into two levels. Obstacles to decent work or 'working defects' are understood as the distance from the actual to the desired labour condition, and improvements of the quality of labour are interpreted as approaching the desired situation. The proposal is firstly presented theoretically, then used to interpret labour market reforms in Italy from the 'Treu law' in 1997 to 'Fornero reform' in 2012." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness (2015)
Martin, John P.;Zitatform
Martin, John P. (2015): Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries. Stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 4, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1186/s40173-015-0032-y
Abstract
"Activation policies aimed at getting working-age people off benefits and into work have become a buzzword in labour market policies. Yet they are defined and implemented differently across OECD countries and their success rates vary too. The Great Recession has posed a severe stress test for these policies with some commentators arguing that they are at best 'fair weather' policies. This paper sheds light on these issues mainly via the lens of recent OECD research. It presents the stylized facts on how OECD countries have responded to the Great Recession in terms of ramping up their spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs), a key component in any activation strategy. It then reviews the macroeconomic evidence on the impact of ALMPs on employment and unemployment rates. This is followed by a review of the key lessons from recent OECD country reviews of activation policies. It concludes with a discussion of crucial unanswered questions about activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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auch erschienen als: IZA policy paper , 84 -
Literaturhinweis
UK labour market policy then and now (2015)
Mayhew, Ken;Zitatform
Mayhew, Ken (2015): UK labour market policy then and now. In: Oxford review of economic policy, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 199-216. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grv017
Abstract
"This article considers the evolution of UK labour market policy during the last 30 years. It does this through the lens of the 'social model'. The social model encompasses the employment relations system, the social welfare system, and the education and training system. It was changed dramatically by the Thatcher and Major governments. The succeeding Labour and Coalition governments largely embraced this new model and, in some ways, increased the pace of change. The consequences for labour market performance - employment, unemployment, productivity, and inequality - are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Grundlagenbeiträge
- Methoden und Datensatzbeschreibungen
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Typologie der Maßnahmen
- Institutionen der Arbeitsförderung
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Vermittlung und Beratung
- Prozessoptimierung
- Profiling und Case Management, Eingliederungsvereinbarung
- Unterstützung bei der Arbeitsuche
- Vermittlung durch Dritte
- Vermittlung von Beziehern von Bürgergeld, Sozialhilfe oder Arbeitslosengeld II
- Zusammenarbeit von Arbeits- und Sozialverwaltung
- Job-Center
- Personal-Service-Agentur
- Zeitarbeit
- (gemeinnützige) Arbeitnehmerüberlassung
- Vermittlungsgutscheine
- Berufsberatung
- Aus- und Weiterbildung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Transfer- und Mobilitätsmaßnahmen
- berufliche Rehabilitation
- Lohnersatzleistungen / Einkommensunterstützung
- Altersteilzeit und Vorruhestand
- Sonstiges
- Typologie der Arbeitslosen
- besondere Personengruppen
- Geschlecht
- Geografischer Bezug
- Alter