Zitatform

Larsen, Christian Albrekt (2002): Policy paradigms and cross-national policy (mis)learning from the Danish employment miracle. In: Journal of European Public Policy, Jg. 9, H. 5, S. 715-735. DOI:10.1080/13501760210162320

Abstract

"Denmark and the Netherlands are often cited as models of successful active labour market policies. This 'employment miracle' has been credited to the new active labour market policy which is seen as a possible model for other European countries. One could even say that 'activation policy' is seen as a 'third way' to overcome the difficult dilemma between equality and employment and has become a dominant policy fashion, spread by such agencies as the European Commission and the OECD. However, if we take a closer look at the evaluations of the actual effects of the activation policy, there is not much evidence to substantiate this interpretation. An alternative interpretation is that job miracles are much more a result of fortunate macro-economic conditions than successful supply side policy. Nevertheless, both national and international policy-makers seem entrapped in a policy paradigm of structural unemployment that intensifies and spreads questionable activation policies. In that respect 'activation policies' are an excellent case of the intensification of European policy transfer and the path-dependent 'bounded' rationality of policy-makers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lindsay, Colin (2002): Long-term unemployment and the 'employability gap'. Priorities for renewing Britain's new deal. In: Journal of European industrial training, Jg. 26, H. 9, S. 411-419. DOI:10.1108/03090590210451506

Abstract

"This paper reviews recent reforms to the UK's main active labour market policy for the long-term unemployed aged over 25: the so-called New Deal 25 Plus. It discusses the appropriateness of the New Deal's approach to the activation of these long-term unemployed people, by drawing upon evidence from interviews with 115 job seekers in one urban labour market characterised by generally low unemployment rates. It is argued that these job seekers face a combination of personal and circumstantial barriers to work, best characterised as an 'employability gap'. It is acknowledged that following recent reforms to the New Deal 25 Plus, the programme is better equipped to address some aspects of the employability gap faced by many long-term unemployed people. However, it is argued that a stronger commitment to training within a 'real work' environment and a more flexible approach to the administration of some social security benefits is required if the long-term detachment from the labour market experienced by these job seekers is to be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Moffitt, Robert A. (2002): Welfare programs and labor supply. In: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (Hrsg.) (2002): Handbook of public economics : vol. 4, S. 2393-2430.

Abstract

"The labor supply and other work incentive effects of welfare programs have long been a central concern in economic research. Work has also been an increasing focus of policy reforms in the USA, culminating with a number of major policy changes in the 1990s whose intent was to increase employment and earnings levels of welfare recipients and other disadvantaged individuals. This chapter reviews the economic research on this topic, covering both the theoretical models that have been developed as well as the empirical findings from econometric studies of the effects of existing welfare programs on labor supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Oorschot, Wim van (2002): Miracle or nightmare? A critical review of Dutch active policies and their outcomes. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 399-420.

Abstract

"This article describes trends in Dutch (un)employment from the 1980s onwards, it reviews activation measures that were taken in the field of social security and labour market policies, and it critically discusses the successfulness of these measures. It concludes that it may not be justified to attribute the 'Dutch miracle' - the recent decrease in unemployment and the explosive growth of employment - directly to the measures taken, and that activation policies have endangered social rights and citizenship, especially of those groups which traditionally are most vulnerable. The 'Dutch miracle' is further put into the perspective of a small employment growth in terms of the total of hours worked annually, the large proportion of part-time employment, and the large degree of hidden unemployment. If a future recession hits the Netherlands, the miracle will turn into a nightmare for many due to the significant overall loss of social protection." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Winterbotham, Mark, Lorna Adams & Alistair Kuechel (2002): Evaluation of new deal 25 plus. Qualitative interviews with es staff, providers, employers and clients. (Department for Work and Pensions. Report 127), London, 90 S.

Abstract

"This evaluation of the Re-engineered New Deal 25 plus involved discussions with ES staff, providers, employers and clients over three waves of research and across eight Units of Delivery. The report examines how the re-engineered programme is being implemented and how different stakeholders judge its effectiveness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"This report describes the results of Stage 2 of a major quantitative evaluation of New Deal in Northern Ireland which relates to the New Deal for 18 to 24 Year Olds." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Boll, Joachim Lynggaard & Thomas Qvortrup Christensen (2001): Ledige kontanthjælpsmodtagere på Vestegnen. (Forskningsgrupperne om arbejdsmarkedet. Arbejdspapir 6:2001), København.

Zitatform

Bonjour, Dorothe, Richard Dorsett, Genevieve Knight, Stephen Lissenburgh, Arpita Mukherjee, Joan Payne, Martin Range, Peter Urwin & Michael White (2001): New deal for young people. National survey of participants. Stage 2. (Employment Service. Research and development report 67), Sheffield, 174 S.

Zitatform

Dewson, Sara & Judith Eccles (2001): The new deal for young unemployed people. NCVO National Council for Voluntary Organisations 44 S.

Abstract

"Stellt die Entdeckungen einer Untersuchung über das neue Abkommen für junge arbeitslose Leute dar, beauftragt durch NCVO. Das Ziel der Studie war, die Erfahrungen der jungen Leute zu erforschen und festzustellen, welche die freiwillige Sektorwahl des neuen Abkommens für 18 bis 24 Jahr - olds eintragen. Es setzt auch fest, wie Durchgang der jungen Leute durch das Programm des neuen Abkommens ihre Haltung zum freiwilligen Sektor als Ganzes beeinflußt. Diese Wahl des neuen Abkommens scheint, Teilnehmer durch Rückstellung anstatt von informierter Wahl anzuziehen. Der Report folgert mit Empfehlungen für ganz beteiligtes mit seiner Anlieferung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Lakey, Jane & Genevieve Knight (2001): New deal for young people in Scotland. Phase 1. Report on a survey of participants commissioned by the Scottish Executive. Edinburgh, 99 S.

Abstract

"This report examines the experiences of Scottish young people who entered the New Deal programme between September 1998 and February 1999, and compares these with the experiences of similar New Deal entrants from England and Wales. The report is based on data from a national survey of New Deal entrants (653 from Scotland and 5357 from England and Wales), supplemented by a Scottish booster survey providing data on a further 494 Scottish New Deal entrants. Fewer than half of respondents had completed their time on New Deal when they were interviewed, so it is too early to look at outcomes from the programme. This analysis focuses on the characteristics of New Deal participants, their experiences on the programme, and their perceptions of the programme. The next stage of this study will incorporate data from second interviews with the same respondents, 15 months after New Deal entry. Analysis of outcomes will be the key feature of the second stage report, which will use econometric techniques to control for selection into various Options within New Deal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lind, Jens & Iver Hornemann Møller (2001): Arbejdsmarkedspolitikken og aktivering af arbejdsløse. In: Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv, Jg. 3, H. 1, S. 11-27.

Zitatform

Lissenburg, Stephen (2001): New deal for the long term unemployed pilots. Quantitative evaluation using stage 2 survey. (Employment Service. Research and development report 81), Sheffield, 51 S.

Abstract

"This report is based on the second stage of a two-stage survey of the December 1998- February 1999 cohort of entrants to New Deal for the Long Term Unemployed (ND25+) Pilots and a matched comparison sample from outside Pilot areas, which took place just over 18 months after participants had entered the programme. The analyses on which it is based assess Pilot effects in relation to three main outcome measures - employment entry and unemployment exit, employability and job quality. The primary evaluation approach adopted is known as the method of matching. This technique makes use of the wide range of background information on respondents that was collected from the survey, supplemented by information from the Joint Unemployment and Vacancies Operating System (JUVOS) and the New Deal Evaluation Database (NDED), to enhance the matched comparison group design and increase the extent to which Pilot effects are estimated from comparisons of like with like. The use of JUVOS and NDED data also made it possible to track clients' progress in terms of employment entry and unemployment exit up to December 2000. This gave an evaluation period following programme entry of about two years, comprising the greater part of the calendar years 1999 and 2000." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Michalopoulos, Charles & Christine Schwartz (2001): What works best for whom. Impacts of 20 welfare-to-work programs by subgroup. New York, 181 S.

Abstract

"In 1996, Congress radically transformed the nation's cash assistance welfare program when it passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). The legislation replaced the 60-year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) entitlement program with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a funding mechanism that provides states with block grants and considerable flexibility in designing their welfare programs. In addition to making other changes, many states responded by expanding their employment and training programs or changing the focus of their existing programs. A number of states replaced voluntary welfare-to-work programs that emphasized education and training with mandatory programs that stressed quick employment. While many aspects of the 1996 legislation and the state policies that followed were untested, the use of mandatory welfare-to-work programs was not. During the ten years prior to PRWORA, large-scale rigorous studies of welfare-to-work programs were launched in many states and counties. This report investigates results from 20 of these programs to determine who has benefited from welfare-to-work programs (and who has not) and whether some practices appear more effective than others at increasing the employment and earnings of single-parent welfare recipients." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

O'Connor, William, Jane Ritchie & Kandy Woodfield (2001): Experiences of new deal. Qualitative profiles of young participants. (Employment Service. Research and development report 71), Sheffield, 126 S.

Abstract

"As part of the early evaluation of New Deal for Young People, a series of six qualitative studies was undertaken amongst programme participants. The studies were carried out over two years (May 1998 to February 2000) and involved both individual in depth interviews and group discussions with participants and with leavers. In the course of undertaking the work, 336 young people were interviewed, either individually or in groups. The samples for each of the individual studies were selected on a purposive basis such that all the key constituencies among the young participants were represented. The sample accumulated across the six studies provides sufficient numbers of important sub-groups of participants for dedicated, and generalisable, qualitative analysis to be undertaken. In view of such potential, the Employment Service commissioned a further study to examine the impact of the programme on specific groups of participants, using the accumulated sample. This report represents the outcome of that work. The evidence presented takes the form of a series of essays in which populations of particular concern to those monitoring NDYP become focal. There are chapters devoted to the young people who enter NDYP without any previous work experience (Chapter 2); to those who are highly qualified and skilled entrants (Chapter 3); and to participants from ethnic minority groups (Chapter 6). There are chapters on participants who have vulnerable circumstances on entry to the programme such as young offenders (Chapter 4) and the young homeless (Chapter 5). The participants who have experienced benefit sanctions, or adjudication decisions, are the focus of Chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes the pivotal role of good Option placements by exploring features of model Options. In the final chapter the contribution of NDYP to enhancing employability is reviewed through the views and experiences of programme leavers. " (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

O'Donnell, Kate (2001): New deal for young people. Survey of leavers to unknown destinations. (Employment Service. Research and development report 63), Sheffield, 73 S.

Abstract

"This survey was commissioned by the Employment Service (ES) to determine what happened to people leaving New Deal for Young People (NDYP) for whom ES had no administrative information on destination. A sample was drawn from participants leaving to unknown destinations between May and October 1999. Forty units of delivery, (UoDs) approximately one third, were chosen to represent the profile of the national population of leavers to unknown destinations. The sample was stratified to obtain robust samples from Gateway, each of the four Options and from Follow-through. Face-to-face interviews took place between June and August 2000. After the removal of unusable contacts from the sample a response rate of 51 per cent was achieved. Eight per cent of respondents considered that they had never taken part in New Deal and one per cent considered that they had never left the programme. Figures for initial destination on leaving New Deal are based only on those who considered that they had both taken part in New Deal and had since left. These are referred to as 'Participants'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The report describes those results of Stage 1 of a major quantitative evaluation of New Deal in Northern Ireland which relate to the New Deal Pilot for 25+." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The report describes those results of Stage 1 of a major quantitative evaluation of New Deal in Northern Ireland which relate to the New Deal for 18-24 Year Olds." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bennmarker, Helge & Anna Nilsson (2000): Kvinnoforums arbetsmarknadsprogram - fortsättningen. (Forskningsrapport 2000:12), Uppsala.

Zitatform

Gilbert, Neil & Rebecca A. van Voorhis (Hrsg.) (2000): Activating the unemployed. A comparative appraisal of work-oriented policies. (International social security series 03), New Brunswick u.a.: Transactions Publ., 319 S.

Abstract

"The last decade has witnessed a conspicuous alteration in policies protecting unemployed people in modern welfare states. Social policies are increasingly designed to encourage economic independence. Policy makers have introduced a wide range of reforms linking disability, unemployment, and welfare programs cash benefits to work-oriented measures. Welfare policies are being framed by a new emphasis on recipients' obligations, emphasizing that the receipt of benefits creates a responsibility to take action towards becoming self-reliant. The objective is to minimize the duration of dependence or improve the well-being of family or community. Activating the Unemployed addresses this growing interest in work-oriented measures. This represents a shift in the dominant discourse on social welfare from focus on the citizen's rights to social benefits to emphasis on their responsibilities to work and lead an active life. In this volume, a distinguished array of international contributors provide cross-cultural perspectives to analyze recent diverse policy initiatives to activate the unemployed in nine countries - Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Each provides a systematic account of the background, design, implementation, and results of employment-oriented measures. Collectively they permit comparison of organized responses to common problems in the areas of public assistance (welfare), unemployment, and disability, among others. Further chapters seek to broaden perspectives on policy options, the issues raised, and lessons learned in the course of activating the unemployed. This thorough and insightful account addresses significant contemporary issues and concerns about welfare, social security, and unemployment. It will aid policy makers, professionals, and scholars in assessing current trends in welfare in various countries throughout the world." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))