Jugendarbeitslosigkeit
Trotz eines Rückgangs ist die EU-Jugendarbeitslosenquote nach wie vor sehr hoch. Laut EU-Kommission sind derzeit 4,5 Millionen junge Menschen (im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren) arbeitslos. Einem großen Teil dieser Generation droht durch fehlende Zukunftsperspektiven soziale Ausgrenzung mit weitreichenden Folgen. Mit Maßnahmen wie der Europäischen Ausbildungsallianz und Jugendgarantien der Länder soll entgegengesteuert werden.
Diese Infoplattform bietet einen Einblick in die Literatur zu den Determinanten von und Strategien gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
-
Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug
-
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment rate and impact of financial crises (2012)
Zitatform
Choudhry, Misbah Tanveer, Enrico Marelli & Marcello Signorelli (2012): Youth unemployment rate and impact of financial crises. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 76-95. DOI:10.1108/01437721211212538
Abstract
"The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of financial crises on the youth unemployment rate (YUR). The authors consider different types of financial crises (systemic banking crises, non-systemic banking crises, currency crises and debt crises) and different groups of countries, according to their income level. After a review of the existing (theoretical and empirical) literature on the determinants of the YUR in general and at the occurrence of economic crises, the authors present empirical estimations on the impact of past financial crises on young workers. The relationship between financial crises and YUR is investigated by employing fixed effects panel estimation on a large panel of countries (about 70) around the world for the period 1980-2005. The 'persistence' over time of the impact is also investigated. Finally the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel is estimated, confirming the significance of the results. According to the authors' empirical estimates, two key results are relevant: financial crises have an impact on the YUR that goes beyond the impact resulting from GDP changes; and the effect on the YUR is greater than the effect on overall unemployment. The inclusion of many control variables - including in particular GDP growth - does not change the sign and significance of the key explanatory variable. The results suggest that financial crises affect the YUR for five years after the onset of the crises; however, the most adverse effects are found in the second and third year after the financial crisis. Although fully aware of the peculiarities of the last crisis, the authors believe that the econometric results facilitate a better understanding of the impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on the youth labour market. The main policy implication is that effective active labour market policies and better school-to-work transition institutions are particularly needed to reduce the risk of persistence and structural (long-term) unemployment, since young people have been worst affected by the last crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Beating the odds: exploring the impact of social risk on young people's school-to-work transitions during recession in the UK (2012)
Zitatform
Duckworth, Kathryn & Ingrid Schoon (2012): Beating the odds. Exploring the impact of social risk on young people's school-to-work transitions during recession in the UK. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 222, H. 1, S. R38-R51. DOI:10.1177/002795011222200104
Abstract
"Drawing on nationally representative data collected for two age cohorts in the UK, this paper a) assesses the effect of multiple independent socioeconomic risk factors in shaping the transition from school to work; and b) identifies potential protective factors enabling young people to beat the odds. By comparing experiences and findings across two cohorts we assess the generalisability of findings across contexts, i.e. the 2008 and 1980s recessions. The results show that some young people exposed to even severe socioeconomic risks avoid being NEET (not in education, employment or training). Factors that appear to reduce the cumulative risk effect in both cohorts include prior attainment, educational aspirations and school engagement, as well as the social mix of the school environment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Age effects in the Okun's law within the Eurozone (2012)
Zitatform
Hutengs, Oliver & Georg Stadtmann (2012): Age effects in the Okun's law within the Eurozone. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1243), Berlin, 8 S.
Abstract
"We estimate Okun coefficients for five different age cohorts for several Eurozone countries. We find a stable pattern for all countries: The relationship between business-cycle fluctuations and the unemployment rate is the strongest for the youngest cohort and gets smaller for the elderly cohorts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Who bears the cost of the business cycle?: labor-market institutions and volatility of the youth unemployment rate (2012)
Zitatform
Kawaguchi, Daiji & Tetsushi Murao (2012): Who bears the cost of the business cycle? Labor-market institutions and volatility of the youth unemployment rate. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 1, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1186/2193-9004-1-10
Abstract
"The way age-specific unemployment rates fluctuate over the business cycle differs significantly across countries. This paper examines the effect of labor-market institutions on the fluctuations of age-specific unemployment rates based on panel data of 18 OECD countries between 1971 and 2008. Empirical results suggest that the cost of the business cycle disproportionately falls on youths in countries with stricter employment protection. This implies that a higher adjustment cost of an existing workforce induces the employment adjustment of new entrants into the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Tackling the youth employment crisis: a macroeconomic perspective (2012)
Matsumoto, Makiko; Islam, Iyanatul; Hengge, Martina;Zitatform
Matsumoto, Makiko, Martina Hengge & Iyanatul Islam (2012): Tackling the youth employment crisis. A macroeconomic perspective. (Employment working paper 124), Geneva, 53 S.
Abstract
"In light of the grim spectre of a scarred generation and the negative externalities associated with poor youth labour market outcomes (unhappiness, crime, inequality, negative impact on national budgets, political instability), it is important to have a deeper comprehension of the drivers of poor youth employment outcomes. Such comprehension, based on a robust evaluation of available experience and evidence, enables appropriate policy action on multiple fronts to be undertaken in order to enhance durable and productive employment opportunities for young people. The paper seeks to make a modest contribution to that objective. In particular, the aim of the current paper is to clarify and explore the impact of the macroeconomic policy environment on youth labour market outcomes vis-à-vis other structural and supply-side factors. Such analyses will enable governments and social partners in ILO member states to ascertain the extent to which changes in the macroeconomic policy environment can improve employment outcomes for young people." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
This time it's different? Youth labour markets during 'the Great Recession' (2012)
O'Higgins, Niall;Zitatform
O'Higgins, Niall (2012): This time it's different? Youth labour markets during 'the Great Recession'. (IZA discussion paper 6434), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"This paper looks at the effects of the 'Great Recession' on young people's labour market experiences in the European Union. The paper documents some of the key characteristics of young people's labour market experiences during the current recession and then seeks to provide some explanations of these applying both cross-section and time series rolling regression models in order, in particular, to better understand the role of labour market institutions as a determining factor of differing experiences across countries. The analysis finds that labour market flexibility contributed significantly to the negative consequences felt by young people during the recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Those who are in the gutter look at the stars?: explaining perceptions of labour market opportunities among European young adults (2012)
Zitatform
Reeskens, Tim & Wim van Oorschot (2012): Those who are in the gutter look at the stars? Explaining perceptions of labour market opportunities among European young adults. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 379-395. DOI:10.1177/0950017012438575
Abstract
"In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, youth unemployment has risen worldwide. In cross-national perspective, research on youth employment has thus far paid attention to the transition from school to work, but underemphasized the importance of the social psychology of labour market entrance. In this article, European young adults' perceptions of the first-job opportunities in their country are analysed. The result of a multilevel regression analysis on the 2008 wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) shows that differences across countries can mainly be explained by the public's perceptions of levels of unemployment, and public spending on education. At the individual level, youth in a precarious socioeconomic situation have a rather pessimistic view on these opportunities. Moreover, women perceive the opportunities as less positive than men while young people of foreign origin have, contrary to the expectations, a more positive outlook on the chances for young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Die beste Zeit ihres Lebens?: Jugend in Europa (2012)
Zitatform
(2012): Die beste Zeit ihres Lebens? Jugend in Europa. In: Foundation Focus, Jg. 8, H. 11, S. 1-15.
Abstract
"Diese Ausgabe des Foundation Focus befasst sich mit jungen Menschen in Europa, insbesondere mit der Frage, inwiefern sie durch die Wirtschaftskrise betroffen sind. Die Jugendarbeitslosenquoten waren schon immer höher als die allgemeinen Arbeitslosenquoten, aber die Krise hatte dramatische Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigungsaussichten junger Menschen. Ein Beleg hierfür ist das Anwachsen der Gruppe der NEETs. Dieses Akronym steht für 'not in employment, education or training' und bezeichnet Menschen, die weder eine Arbeit haben, noch eine allgemeine oder berufliche Ausbildung absolvieren. Es gibt zwar Initiativen, mit denen gegen diese Situation angegangen werden soll, aber bisher sind die Ergebnisse uneinheitlich. Migration ist eine Option, aber hilft sie auch langfristig? Und wie ist es um die Arbeitsbedingungen derjenigen bestellt, die einen Arbeitsplatz haben? Wie einfach ist es, die nötige Erfahrung zu sammeln und die erforderliche Aus- und Weiterbildung zu finden, um in stabilere, unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse wechseln zu können?" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Helping young workers during the crisis: contributions by social partners and public authorities (2011)
Zitatform
Simms, Melanie (2011): Helping young workers during the crisis. Contributions by social partners and public authorities. Dublin, 35 S.
Abstract
"Young workers in Europe have long faced many difficulties in their transition into the labour market and particularly in finding secure employment. The financial crisis of 2008 has worsened this situation significantly. Though there are important regional and sectoral variations, national debates as to the causes of these problems focus on a complex interaction of labour market structures, skills training, access to vocational training and apprenticeships, education systems, and reduction of job openings. While social partners have generally recognised the problems facing young workers, collective bargaining has not proved particularly useful (though there are some exceptions) in dealing with young workers' difficulties in the labour market. Governments have been particularly active in promoting a range of labour market policies. Of these the promotion of apprenticeships seems to have attracted widespread support across the EU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Effekte der Weltwirtschaftskrise auf den Arbeitsmarkt: Jugendliche tragen die Hauptlast (2010)
Zitatform
Bellmann, Lutz & Friedrich Buttler (2010): Effekte der Weltwirtschaftskrise auf den Arbeitsmarkt: Jugendliche tragen die Hauptlast. In: IAB-Forum H. 2, S. 66-71. DOI:10.3278/IFO1002W066
Abstract
"Die globale Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise hat sich in den meisten Ländern wesentlich gravierender auf den Arbeitsmarkt ausgewirkt als in Deutschland. Besonders junge Erwachsene, die Schwierigkeiten beim Übergang in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung haben, sind davon betroffen. Gleiches gilt für diejenigen, die gerade begonnen haben, im Berufsleben Fuß zu fassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Youth employment in crisis (2010)
Ha, Byung-jin; McInerney, Caroline; Tobin, Steven; Torres, Raymond;Zitatform
Ha, Byung-jin, Caroline McInerney, Steven Tobin & Raymond Torres (2010): Youth employment in crisis. (International Institute for Labour Studies. Discussion paper 201), Geneva, 38 S.
Abstract
"Young people have been disproportionately affected by the global crisis that erupted in the autumn of 2008. These trends have exacerbated earlier challenges and there is concern that the situation of youth will become unsustainable in some countries, representing a threat to social cohesion. The paper shows that all is not lost regarding youth unemployment. Some countries have done better than others in reducing the effects of the crisis on youth employment, which is partly due to relatively favourable initial conditions but partly also to the adoption of effective policies. The shift to fiscal consolidation in a growing number of countries is reducing the scope for pursuing these effective policies. Such a cost-cutting approach would improve fiscal balances in the short term, but at the risk of perpetuating poor employment outcomes for youth in the longer term. The paper thus provides a timely reminder of the need for carefully designed fiscal strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The impact of the economic and financial crisis on youth employment: measures for labour market recovery in the European Union, Canada and the United States (2010)
O'Higgnis, Niall;Zitatform
O'Higgnis, Niall (2010): The impact of the economic and financial crisis on youth employment. Measures for labour market recovery in the European Union, Canada and the United States. (Employment working paper 70), Geneva, 69 S.
Abstract
"This paper looks at the effects of the economic and financial crisis on the labour market experiences of young people in the European Union, Canada and the United States and discusses the policy responses which have thus far been introduced in an attempt to mitigate these deleterious effects." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Stand der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der Krise - Ursachen und soziale Absicherung: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion Die Linke (Drucksache 16/13907) (2009)
Zitatform
(2009): Stand der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der Krise - Ursachen und soziale Absicherung. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion Die Linke (Drucksache 16/13907). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 16/13991 (07.09.2009)), 24 S.
Abstract
Die Fraktion DIE LINKE geht auf der Grundlage von Statistiken der Bundesagentur für Arbeit davon aus, dass junge Menschen (bis 25 Jahre) in besonderer Weise Opfer der Wirtschaftskrise werden und mit Arbeitslosigkeit konfrontiert sind. So ist die registrierte Arbeitslosigkeit von Jüngeren zwischen Mai 2008 und Mai 2009 um insgesamt 16,1 Prozent angestiegen und die Erwerbslosenquote bei den 20- bis 24-Jährigen liegt mit 9,3 Prozent im Mai 2009 ein Prozentpunkt über der Erwerbslosenquote für alle zivilen Erwerbspersonen. Die Fraktion fragt die Bundesregierung in einer in 29 Einzelfragen gegliederten Kleinen Anfrage nach den Ursachen dieser Entwicklung, nach der Höhe der Erwerbsquote junger Menschen bis 25 Jahre sowie nach der sozialen Absicherung der betroffenen Personen. Zu den behandelten Themenkomplexen gehören die soziale Absicherung junger Erwerbsloser im Rahmen der 'Grundsicherung für Arbeitssuchende' und die Auswirkungen der geplanten Verlängerung der Lebensarbeitszeit auf 67 Jahre auf die Zugangschancen Jüngerer zum Arbeitsmarkt. Die Daten für Menschen mit Behinderungen sowie junge Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund sollen separat ausgewiesen werden. Die Bundesregierung betont in Ihrer Antwort, dass die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit seit dem Jahr 2005 beständig zurückgeht und 2008 der niedrigste Jahresdurchschnittsbestand seit der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands erzielt werden konnte. Sie räumt ein, dass die Zahl der arbeitslosen Jugendlichen infolge der Weltwirtschaftskrise deutlich gestiegen ist und dass jüngere Menschen in konjunkturell schlechteren Zeiten ein höheres Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko tragen. (IAB)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
-
Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug