Zitatform

(2018): Jugendmobilität als europäische Strategie. Wer und was bewegt Jugendliche? (Loccumer Protokolle 2017,66), Hildesheim: Universitätsverlag Hildesheim, 91 S. DOI:10.18442/778

Abstract

"Die Mobilität von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Europa - zu Bildungszwecken im engeren und weiteren Sinne, zum Kennenlernen anderer Länder und Kulturen sowie zum Sammeln erster praktischer Berufserfahrungen - kann positive Effekte für die Jugendlichen sowie die gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Europas und seiner Mitgliedstaaten haben. Diese Mobilität zu erforschen, war Ziel des internationalen, vom EU-Rahmenprogramm für Forschung und Innovation Horizont 2020 geförderten Forschungsprojektes 'Move: Mapping mobility - pathways, institutions and structural effects of youth mobility in Europe'. Der Band dokumentiert die Ergebnisse einer Fachtagung, die dazu diente, die aus diesem Projekt resultierenden Erkenntnisse zu diskutieren und auf Lehren für die Praxis zu befragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Sienkiewicz, Lukasz (2018): Traineeships under the Youth Guarantee. Experience from the ground. (Social Europe), Brüssel, 34 S. DOI:10.2767/149497

Abstract

"The report on Traineeships under the Youth Guarantee looks at how traineeship schemes can be successful learning experiences for young people, in supporting them to acquire essential skills for the labour market. It also takes a look at different measures that contribute to the quality of traineeships and prevent their misuse. This report is one in a series of five reports on Youth Guarantee delivery, presenting existing practices from the ground from the first five years of its implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Spörlein, Christoph (2018): How educational systems structure ethnic inequality among young labour market participants in Europe. Occupational placement and variation in the occupational status distribution. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 55, H. June, S. 109-119. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2018.04.006

Abstract

"Prior research as demonstrated that patterns of early labour market careers vary considerably across European societies. However, little research investigated how these patterns differ between immigrants and majority youth and whether the extent of ethnic inequality varies with educational system characteristics. Using the 2009 European Labour Force Survey data for 18 countries on the early careers of non-tertiary educated labour market participants, the results of this study show that immigrants work in lower-status jobs more frequently than majority youth do. In addition and conditional on these mean differences, immigrant's status distributions are more dispersed suggesting more erratic early career patterns. Educational systems characteristics moderate these differences: the occupational status difference between immigrants and majority youth is considerably larger in countries with strongly differentiated, specifically highly tracked educational systems. In addition, ethnic disadvantages are even more severe in differentiated educational systems when central exams are present. The findings further show that educational tracking is associated with less variation in a country's occupational status distribution, thus shaping ethnic inequality beyond its relationship with mean differences. Ethnic penalties are estimated to be considerably more severe in highly differentiated countries due to their lower baseline variability in the occupational status distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Tomic, Iva (2018): What drives youth unemployment in Europe? Economic vs. non-economic determinants. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 157, H. 3, S. 379-408. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12060

Abstract

"This article explores the main determinants of youth unemployment in Europe in the period 2002 - 2014, by estimating panel data models for 28 EU member countries. Heterogeneity among EU countries is acknowledged by estimating models on 'high' and 'low' youth unemployment rate subsamples. Main results suggest that youth unemployment is more pronounced in countries with poor GDP growth, low share of construction and high public debt in the economy. Less mobility due to homeownership, corruption, large remittances or fewer possibilities for young people to live outside parental homes are also important, at least for countries with comparatively high youth unemployment rates." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Zick, Sebastian (2018): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa. Von der Identifikation der Krise zur Etablierung eines Politikfeldes. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 066), Düsseldorf, 62 S.

Abstract

"Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ist in aller europäischer Munde. Seit Anbeginn der Finanzkrise im Jahr 2008 erscheint das Problem der Nichtbeschäftigung von Jugendlichen allgegenwärtig. Dabei täuscht diese vermeintliche Erfindung des Diskurses um Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa über den Befund hinweg, dass dieses Thema in je unterschiedlichen Varianten zumindest seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre eine Konstante der Bemühungen um europäische Integration ist. Was unter Jugendarbeitslosigkeit zu verstehen ist, welche Ursachen, Auswege, Chancen und Risiken mit ihr beschrieben werden, ist jedoch keineswegs selbstverständlich und selbst stets Gegenstand von politischen Aushandlungsprozessen. Innerhalb dieser Prozesse stellt die Europäische Union (EU) einen besonders gewichtigen Akteur dar. Hier setzt das vorliegende Working Paper an: Es versucht mit einer Analyse zentraler Strategiepapiere der EU von 1993-2013 einerseits die Mechanismen, Strategien sowie rhetorischen und argumentativen Schritte in der Etablierung eines diskursiven und neuen politischen Feldes 'Jugendarbeitslosigkeit' nachzuvollziehen. Andererseits untersucht das Paper auch die differenten Logiken, Programmatiken und normativen Orientierungen, mit welchen das Problem 'Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa' beschrieben und bearbeitet wird. Dabei wird der Konstruktion und Identifikation des Krisenhaften eine besondere Bedeutung zuteil. Durch die rhetorische Produktion und inhaltliche Ausgestaltung von Krise schaffen die Dokumente Räume der gemeinsamen Verantwortung und legitimieren politisches Intervenieren. Jugendarbeitslosigkeit wird so sukzessive als eigenständiges Politikfeld etabliert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Since its launch in 2013, the Youth Guarantee has supported millions of young people across the European Union to find a job, a traineeship, an apprenticeship or to continue in education. Yet despite this, too many young Europeans are still without work. Across the EU, more effort is needed so that all young people can benefit from quality offers under the Youth Guarantee.
This report is one in a series of five reports on Youth Guarantee delivery, presenting existing practices from the ground from the first five years of its implementation. It looks at measures to better reach out to young people who are Not in Education, Employment or Training, and to encourage them to register for Youth Guarantee schemes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

(2018): Employment and entrepreneurship under the Youth Guarantee. Experience from the ground. (Social Europe), Brüssel, 42 S. DOI:10.2767/053196

Abstract

"Since its launch in 2013, the Youth Guarantee has supported millions of young people across the European Union to find a job, a traineeship, an apprenticeship or to continue in education. Yet despite this, too many young Europeans are still without work. Across the EU, more effort is needed so that all young people can benefit from quality offers under the Youth Guarantee.
This report looks at employment incentives, direct job creation measures and start-up incentives that help young people to overcome employment barriers. It is one in a series of five reports on Youth Guarantee delivery, presenting existing practices from the ground from the first five years of its implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ayllón, Sara & Javier Valbuena (2017): Youth unemployment and stigmatization across Europe. A comparative analysis. (NEGOTIATE working paper 6.4), Oslo, 24 S.

Abstract

"This paper studies the dynamics of the scarring effect of youth unemployment along the business cycle in 12 European countries. On the one hand, we analyse differences associated to the negative effect of past unemployment experiences in future labour market status. And, on the other hand, we consider potential stigmatization against prospect young workers, that is, the extent to which employers are more reluctant to hire individuals with a history of unemployment. Our results are based on data from the EU-SILC for the period 2004 to 2015 and provide support in favour of a significant scarring effect of unemployment among youths that is highly heterogeneous across the countries under analysis and that increased substantially during the Great Recession. On the contrary, evidence on stigma effects was found to be rather weak." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brenke, Karl (2017): Jugendliche in Europa: rückläufige Arbeitslosigkeit, aber weiterhin große Probleme auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 84, H. 44, S. 985-995.

Abstract

"Die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit hatte im Frühjahr 2013 in der EU ihren Höhepunkt erreicht, danach ging sie deutlich zurück. Aber noch immer ist in der EU mehr als jede sechste Erwerbsperson im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren arbeitslos, und die Arbeitslosenquote der Jugendlichen ist zweieinhalb Mal so hoch wie die der Erwachsenen. Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt, wie sich die Arbeitsmarktsituation der Jugendlichen seit ihrem Höchststand entwickelt hat. Der Rückgang der Arbeitslosigkeit war überwiegend auf eine sinkende Zahl an Jugendlichen sowie eine nachlassende Erwerbsbeteiligung zurückzuführen; die Zunahme der Beschäftigung hat nur den kleineren Beitrag geleistet. Dabei waren die zusätzlichen Jobs fast ausschließlich zeitlich befristet, und die Teilzeitquote ist weiter gestiegen. Im europäischen Durchschnitt weisen die Jugendlichen unter den Arbeitslosen bei formal ähnlicher Qualifikation ein besonders hohes Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko auf. In den mitteleuropäischen Ländern sind junge Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt indes deutlich weniger im Nachteil, was an der praxisnäheren Berufsausbildung liegen dürfte. Da Berufserfahrungen und Referenzen für die Arbeitsmarktaussichten eine wichtige Rolle spielen, sollte zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktlage für Jugendliche vor allem bei den Berufsausbildungssystemen angesetzt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Burkert, Carola & Julia Kislat (2017): Binnenwanderung im Kontext der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise. Trends und Perspektiven. In: R. Hrbek & M. Große Hüttmann (Hrsg.) (2017): Hoffnung Europa - Die EU als Raum und Ziel von Migration (Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V., 96), S. 141-178, 2017-03-27.

Abstract

"In diesem Beitrag wurde aufgezeigt, in welchem Maße die Mobilität innerhalb der EU in den letzten Jahren gestiegen ist. Hauptgründe dafür sind regionale Disparitäten auf den Arbeitsmärkten sowie das teilweise enorme Einkommensgefälle zwischen den Staaten. Zwar kam es infolge der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise und der dadurch aufkommenden Arbeitslosigkeit vor allem unter Jugendlichen in Südeuropa zu einer Umlenkung der Migrationsströme von den südeuropäischen Krisenländern hin zu nordeuropäischen Ländern - wodurch auch die Arbeitsmärkte in den von der Krise besonders betroffenen Ländern entlastet wurden. Jedoch ist auf diese Migration von Staatsangehörigen der Krisenländer GIIPS nur ein kleiner Teil des Anstiegs der Binnenmigration zurückzuführen. Vielmehr wird die Mobilität innerhalb der EU maßgeblich durch die EU-2 und EU-8, also Osteuropa und den Balkan, bestimmt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Buttler, Dominik & Piotr Michon (2017): Consequences of early job insecurity and the role of the welfare state. (NEGOTIATE working paper 4.5), Oslo, 34 S.

Abstract

"The detrimental effect of joblessness on individual wellbeing is relatively well recognized (usually in the context of Western economies) as an additional, non-pecuniary cost of unemployment. However, the strength of the relationship between the employment status and life satisfaction varies considerably among countries. Relatively little is known about what forces drive these discrepancies, especially in the group of young people. The aim of the proposed paper is to identify the contextual factors influencing the strength of the relationship between the employment status and the level of individual wellbeing. In particular we are interested in the role of four policy fields: education policy, employment protection, passive and active labour market policy. In the empirical part of the paper we use data from two waves of the European Social Survey and apply the random intercept model. We find that vocationally oriented and tracked education systems as well as generous active and passive labour market policies strengthen the employment-wellbeing relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Dingeldey, Irene, Marie-Luise Assmann & Lisa Steinberg (2017): The strengths and weaknesses of policy coordination and policy outcomes in a system of multi-level governance. A comparative analysis. (NEGOTIATE working paper 8.3), Oslo, 37 S.

Abstract

"The Council of the European Union (EU) launched the Recommendation on establishing a Youth Guarantee (YG) in April 2013. The EU institutions thus recognised that young people have been affected extremely by unemployment and job insecurity due to the economic crisis and increasing labour market segmentation. The YG suggests that all young people under 25 receive a good-quality, concrete offer within four months of leaving formal education or becoming unemployed (EC 2015a). The particular reference to NEETs (Not in Employment, Education or Training) pays attention to the problem that some young people have lost contact with institutions and are not registered with employment services. With the adoption of the Recommendation, all Member States - except the UK - committed themselves to implementing the YG and establishing the actions envisaged. All in all, the promoted goals enhance an enabling approach within Europe's activating labour market policy (Lahusen et al. 2013) that supports individual capabilities by personalized guidance and individual action planning, including tailor made individual services, training and education (Maydell et al. 2006). Hence, a 'holistic approach' with respect to coordination and service delivery is required (6 2004)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Eichhorst, Werner & Ulf Rinne (2017): The European youth guarantee. A preliminary assessment and broader conceptual implications. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 34-38.

Abstract

"The European Youth Guarantee can be viewed as an EU-wide framework comprising a system of measures to be taken by each Member State, which were, for example. encouraged to also use demand-side initiatives such as hiring subsidies (Andor 2016). More generally, the European Youth Guarantee is 'a commitment by all Member States to ensure that all young people under the age of 25 years receive a good quality offer of employment, continued education, apprenticeship or traineeship within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education' (European Commission 2017).3 In this context, best practices in the context of school-to-work transitions should be transferred from well-performing countries such as Austria and Finland to all Member States (Andor 2016)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Escudero, Verónica & Elva López Mourelo (2017): The European Youth Guarantee. A systematic review of its implementation across countries. (ILO Research Department working paper 21), Genf, 23 S.

Abstract

"The European Youth Guarantee (YG) is one of the most innovative labour market policies of recent years. It arrived at a time when an urgent and radical response was needed to address the detrimental long-lasting consequences of long-term unemployment. This article examines empirical evidence on the effectiveness of past youth guarantee experiences, as well as the few existing evaluations of the YG, to identify the factors that are key to their success. We then assess whether the key success factors are embedded into the implementation plans published by the European countries and the extent to which these objectives have been met in practice. Our analysis shows that while most of countries have established clear eligibility criteria and appropriate institutional frameworks, and are providing a comprehensive package of measures, many of them are still facing challenges when meeting the objectives of early intervention and effective enforcement mechanisms. Finally, although countries' initial spending in the national YG schemes has often outpaced planned expenditures, in many instances resource allocations have not been sufficient to match the recommendations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hernanz, Virginia & Juan F. Jimeno (2017): Youth Unemployment in the EU. Recent Developments and old problems. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 3-10.

Abstract

"High and persistent unemployment has been a recurrent phenomenon in Europe since the early 1980s. Nowadays, despite some economic recovery from the Great Recession and the European debt crisis, it remains at levels well above those registered in the mid-2000s. Moreover, there are two new developments with potentially adverse consequences. One is the increasing divergence of unemployment rates across European countries (see Boeri and Jimeno 2016); the other is the higher likelihood of unemployment among youths, despite their declining weights in the population and in the labour force due to demographic trends. In fact, it is the concentration of unemployment among the younger population groups in some countries that explains a good deal of the increasing unemployment divergence in the EU." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Köster, Thomas (2017): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa. Eine europäische Verantwortung. (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Analysen und Argumente 269), Sankt Augustin, 12 S.

Abstract

"Die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der EU, insbesondere in Südeuropa, verharrt auf hohem Niveau. Die Arbeitslosenquote von Jugendlichen im Alter von 16 bis 25 ist etwa doppelt so hoch wie die Arbeitslosenquote insgesamt. Warum entstehen in Deutschland Fachkräftelücken, während Jugendliche im Süden Europas ohne Perspektive sind? Die Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit (eine der Grundfreiheiten des Binnenmarktes) sollte nicht nur verbrieftes Recht der Europäer sein, sondern gelebte Wirklichkeit werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Marelli, Enrico (2017): Young people in crisis times. Comparative evidence and policies. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 19-25.

Abstract

"Youth unemployment is a pathology that bears heavy economic, social and even political consequences. We can here recall three key empirical features: (i) youth unemployment rates (YUR) are generally higher than adult or total unemployment rates (UR); (ii) YUR are more sensitive than UR both to the business cycle, in particular to recessions, and to crisis episodes; (iii) there is great variation across European countries, in terms of both levels and dynamics of YUR." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Mascherini, Massimiliano, Stefanie Ledermaier, Carlos Vacas-Soriano & Lena Jacobs (2017): Long-term unemployed youth. Characteristics and policy responses. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 85 S. DOI:10.2806/940447

Abstract

"While the youth labour market has improved considerably since 2014, one legacy of the recent economic crisis is the large cohort of long-term unemployed young people, which represents nearly one-third of jobless young people. This report provides an updated profile of the youth labour market in 2016 and describes trends over the past decade. It explores the determinants of long-term unemployment, at both sociodemographic and macroeconomic levels. It also provides evidence on the serious consequences for young people of spending a protracted time in unemployment, such as scarring effects on income and occupation and on several dimensions of young people's well-being. The report concludes with a discussion of selected policy measures recently implemented by 10 Member States in order to prevent young people from becoming long-term unemployed or, if they are in such circumstances, to integrate them into the labour market or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Meierkord, Anja, Alexa Meyer-Hamme & Lars Thies (2017): An incomplete recovery. Youth unemployment in Europe 2008-2016. Gütersloh, 19 S.

Abstract

"Fast zehn Jahre nach Beginn der europaweiten Finanzkrise ist auch die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa im Zuge der Erholung der Arbeitsmärkte weiter zurückgegangen. Bei genauer Betrachtung der Entwicklung zwischen 2008 und 2016 zeigen sich jedoch große Unterschiede: Vor allem einige süd- und osteuropäische Länder haben das Vorkrisen-Niveau ihrer Jugendbeschäftigungsquote noch nicht wieder erreicht. Ebenso bleibt die Integration bestimmter Gruppen junger Menschen in Bildung oder Arbeit eine große Herausforderung. Weitere Maßnahmen sind auf Ebene der EU und in Mitgliedsstaaten erforderlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Moffat, John & Duncan Roth (2017): Cohort size and youth labour-market outcomes in Europe. In: Economics Bulletin, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 2735-2740., 2017-11-22.

Abstract

"Using data from 49 European regions covering 2005-2012, this paper estimates the effect of cohort size on youth employment and unemployment outcomes. The effects are found to be very sensitive to the age range of the sample used for estimation. In particular, the results show a negative (positive) effect of cohort size on employment (unemployment) among individuals aged 18-22 but the opposite effects among older individuals. This heterogeneity is driven by Eastern and Western European countries. For Southern European countries, belonging to a larger cohort is found to be beneficial across all age groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))