Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf
Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of disability benefits on labor supply: Evidence from the VA's disability compensation program (2016)
Zitatform
Autor, David, Mark Duggan, Kyle Greenberg & David S. Lyle (2016): The impact of disability benefits on labor supply. Evidence from the VA's disability compensation program. In: American Economic Journal. Applied Economics, Jg. 8, H. 3, S. 31-68. DOI:10.1257/app.20150158
Abstract
"Combining administrative data from the US Army, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Social Security Administration, we analyze the effect of the VA's Disability Compensation (DC) program on veterans' labor force participation and earnings. We study the 2001 Agent Orange decision, a unique policy change that expanded DC eligibility for Vietnam veterans who served in theater but did not expand eligibility to other veterans of this era, to assess the causal effects of DC enrollment. We estimate that benefits receipt reduced veterans' labor force participation by 18 percentage points, though measured income net of transfer income rose on average." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Using sensory, functional, and activity limitation data to estimate employment outcomes for working-age persons with disabilities in the United States (2016)
Zitatform
Brucker, Debra L., Andrew J. Houtenville & Eric A. Lauer (2016): Using sensory, functional, and activity limitation data to estimate employment outcomes for working-age persons with disabilities in the United States. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 27, H. 3, S. 131-137. DOI:10.1177/1044207315578949
Abstract
"Using data from the 2010 - 2012 American Community Survey (ACS), we estimate employment outcomes among persons with different combinations of sensory, functional, and activity limitations while controlling for individual characteristics. We consider activity limitations as indicators of barriers to independent living and of a need for support services. We find that the presence of an activity limitation is strongly associated with decreased odds of employment for persons with sensory or functional limitations. Results provide support for the targeted allocation of resources to increase independent living among persons with disabilities as a means to improve employment outcomes among persons with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Predictors of job accommodations for individuals with psychiatric disabilities (2016)
Chow, Clifton M.; Cichocki, Benjamin;Zitatform
Chow, Clifton M. & Benjamin Cichocki (2016): Predictors of job accommodations for individuals with psychiatric disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 172-184. DOI:10.1177/0034355215583057
Abstract
"The empirical literature on the impact of psychiatric disability on employment outcomes has consistently shown that individuals with psychiatric disabilities are more likely than those without to experience adverse labor market outcomes. One strategy invoked to address barriers to employment has been reasonable job accommodations, developed originally through the Americans With Disabilities Act legislation. However, little is known about the factors associated with the request for reasonable job accommodations among those with serious psychiatric disabilities. Data for this study come from a longitudinal multisite demonstration project funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Accommodations were reported by individuals with serious mental health disabilities who became employed. Results from logistic regression analysis found that those who disclosed their disability to their employers, who were more severely disabled, and who had positive social relationships were more likely to request accommodations. This study advances our knowledge of the factors that influence the decision of individuals with serious mental health disabilities to seek accommodation in the work environment and offers a framework for guiding rehabilitation counselors in ways that might help to enhance employment outcomes for this population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Impacts of school structural factors and student factors on employment outcomes for youth with disabilities in transition: a secondary data analysis (2016)
Zitatform
Dong, Shengli, Ellen Fabian & Richard G. Luecking (2016): Impacts of school structural factors and student factors on employment outcomes for youth with disabilities in transition. A secondary data analysis. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 59, H. 4, S. 224-234. DOI:10.1177/0034355215595515
Abstract
"This study aimed to examine school structural factors (i.e., free/reduced lunch percentage, proportion of minority student enrollment, and student - teacher ratio) that may contribute to employment outcomes for transitioning youth with disabilities beyond individual student factors through hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses. The secondary data for 3,289 students were obtained from the Bridges From School to Work Program, and the school structural data for 121 schools were drawn from the Common Core of Data. The major types of disabilities for the student participants included learning disabilities (73.1%), emotional and behavioral disabilities (4.7%), sensory disabilities (2%), and others (20.2%). Around 41% of participants were female. The study found that employment outcomes (i.e., whether a participant secured a paid job and weekly job earnings) were primarily attributed to student individual factors rather than school structural factors, particularly prior paid work experience. The finding suggests the potential importance of effective transition interventions to improve employment outcomes for all youth with disabilities. Implications for rehabilitation professionals are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Not all jobs are the same: predictors of job quality for adults with intellectual disabilities (2016)
Zitatform
Heyman, Miriam, Jeffrey E. Stokes & Gary N. Siperstein (2016): Not all jobs are the same. Predictors of job quality for adults with intellectual disabilities. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 299-306. DOI:10.3233/JVR-160800
Abstract
"Background: Some adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) who are competitively employed earn more than minimum wage, receive health benefits from their employers, and have work schedules that accommodate their financial and personal needs. However, most competitively employed adults with ID lack such benefits that are commonly associated with high-quality competitive employment.
Objective: The objective of this study was to look within the population of adults with ID who are competitively employed in order to understand factors related to high-quality competitive employment.
Methods: Respondents included a national sample of 153 parents/guardians of adult children (21 years of age or older) with intellectual disabilities who were competitively employed. These parents/guardians were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 1,055 households which included an adult with an intellectual disability.
Results: The results indicated that while high-quality competitive employment is attainable for adults with ID, most competitively employed adults with ID lack benefits including health insurance and salaries that are above minimum wage. Adaptive behavior was related to greater job quality. Also, beyond the influence of adaptive behavior, being at the same job for three or more years significantly predicted higher wages, more work hours, and greater likelihood of receiving health benefits.
Conclusions: Policies and programs should look beyond emphasizing competitive employment as the ultimate goal for individuals with intellectual disabilities, and should seek to promote access to high-quality competitive employment. Improving employment stability may contribute to this goal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The workplace discrimination experiences of middle-age and younger adult workers with disabilities: results from the National EEOC ADA Research Project (2016)
Zitatform
Li, Jiana, Kelly E. Cichy, Phillip D. Rumrill & Brian T. McMahon (2016): The workplace discrimination experiences of middle-age and younger adult workers with disabilities. Results from the National EEOC ADA Research Project. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 365-376. DOI:10.3233/JVR-160836
Abstract
"Background: Little is known about the employment discrimination experiences of middle-aged workers with disabilities.
Objective: This study investigated the employment discrimination experiences of middle-age charging parties with disabilities (ages 35 - 54 years) in comparison to younger adult charging parties with disabilities (ages 25 - 34 years) on demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, disability type), characteristics of employers against whom allegations were filed (e.g., size, industry type), the nature of the discrimination, and the resolution of these allegations.
Methods: The study utilized data from the Integrated Mission System of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
Results: Findings indicated that, compared to younger adult charging parties, middle-age charging parties were more likely to be male and Caucasian; more likely to file allegations on the basis of diabetes, heart/cardiovascular disease, back impairments, and cancer; and less likely to file allegations on the basis of anxiety disorders, manic depressive disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychological impairments. Middle-age charging parties were less likely than younger charging parties to allege discrimination related to unlawful discharge and constructive discharge, but more likely to allege discrimination related to layoff. They were less likely to allege discrimination against small employers and employers in the finance/insurance, accommodation/food service, and retail trade industries. Middle-age charging parties were more likely to allege discrimination against employers in the manufacturing, transportation and warehousing, utilities, educational services, and public administration industries. Middle-age charging parties were slightly less likely than younger adult charging parties to have ADA title I allegations resolved in their favor through the EEOC's investigatory process.
Conclusions: Implications for working with prime age workers with disabilities are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Are workers with disabilities more likely to be displaced? (2016)
Zitatform
Mitra, Sophie & Douglas Kruse (2016): Are workers with disabilities more likely to be displaced? In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 27, H. 14, S. 1550-1579. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2015.1137616
Abstract
"The literature on employment and disability has been relatively silent regarding the job loss experience of persons with disabilities. We document the gap in job displacement rates across disability status in the United States over the 2007 - 2013 period using data from the 2010, 2012 and 2014 Displaced Worker Supplements of the Current Population Survey. We find that men and women with disabilities are, respectively, 75 and 89% more likely to experience an involuntary job loss than men and women without disabilities in the United States over the 2007 - 2013 period, with gaps in displacement rates of eight and seven percentage points for men and women, respectively. A significant gap is found in most occupation-education subsamples. Using a logit decomposition, we find that differences in observable characteristics do not explain the gap in the job loss rate across disability status. Longitudinal tests following workers over a one-year period point to a causal effect of disability on the likelihood of displacement. While the disability gap may be due to unobservable characteristics, job mismatch and employer discrimination are also possible explanations, highlighting the potential importance of employer and public policies in improving the job security of workers with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entrepreneurial entry by people with disabilities (2016)
Zitatform
Renko, Maija, Sarah Parker Harris & Kate Caldwell (2016): Entrepreneurial entry by people with disabilities. In: International Small Business Journal, Jg. 34, H. 5, S. 555-578. DOI:10.1177/0266242615579112
Abstract
"This article investigates the effect of disability on progress in the start-up process. One person out of 10 has a disability, yet entrepreneurship literature remains silent on the contributions of this population. This is surprising given that people with disabilities are more likely to be self-employed than the general population. Results from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics show that start-up efforts by nascent entrepreneurs with disabilities are less likely to result in the emergence of a viable organization, indicating that nascent entrepreneurs with disabilities face particular challenges." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The work activity and participation outcomes framework: a new look at work disability outcomes through the lens of the ICF (2015)
AlHeresh, Rawan A.; Keysor, Julie J.;Zitatform
AlHeresh, Rawan A. & Julie J. Keysor (2015): The work activity and participation outcomes framework. A new look at work disability outcomes through the lens of the ICF. In: International journal of rehabilitation research, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 107-112.
Abstract
"Work disability is common among people with chronic conditions. The terminology in the field is variable and often used interchangeably and there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks to describe work as an outcome. Varied operationalization of work disability makes it difficult to establish precise estimates of the impact of chronic musculoskeletal conditions on work. A new conceptual framework was developed using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and was named 'Work Activity and Participation Outcome (Work APO) Framework' which clarified definitions in the field. Applying the framework to people at risk of work disability and evaluating their outcomes could advance the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The disability employment puzzle: a field experiment on employer hiring behavior (2015)
Zitatform
Ameri, Mason, Lisa Schur, Meera Adya, Scott Bentley, Patrick McKay & Douglas Kruse (2015): The disability employment puzzle. A field experiment on employer hiring behavior. (NBER working paper 21560), Cambrige, Mass., 70 S. DOI:10.3386/w21560
Abstract
"People with disabilities have low employment and wage levels, and some studies suggest employer discrimination is a contributing factor. Following the method of Bertrand and Mullainathan (2003), new evidence is presented from a field experiment that sent applications in response to 6,016 advertised accounting positions from well-qualified fictional applicants, with one-third of cover letters disclosing that the applicant has a spinal cord injury, one-third disclosing the presence of Asperger's Syndrome, and one-third not mentioning disability. These specific disabilities were chosen because they would not be expected to limit productivity in accounting, helping rule out productivity-based explanations for any differences in employer responses. Half of the resumes portrayed a novice accountant, and half portrayed an experienced one. The fictional applicants with disabilities received 26% fewer expressions of employer interest than those without disabilities, with little difference between the two types of disability. The disability gap was concentrated among more experienced applicants, and among private companies with fewer than 15 employees that are not covered by the ADA, although comparable state statutes cover about half of them. Comparisons above and below disability law coverage thresholds point to a possible positive effect of the ADA on employer responses to applicants with disabilities, but no clear effects of state laws. The overall pattern of findings is consistent with the idea that disability discrimination continues to impede employment prospects of people with disabilities, and more attention needs to be paid to employer behavior and the demand side of the labor market for people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: ILR Review, online first (2017), 36 S. -
Literaturhinweis
Protecting working-age people with disabilities: experiences of four industrialized nations (2015)
Zitatform
Burkhauser, Richard V., Mary C. Daly & Nicolas Ziebarth (2015): Protecting working-age people with disabilities. Experiences of four industrialized nations. (IZA discussion paper 9186), Bonn, 50 S.
Abstract
"Although industrialized nations have long provided public protection to working-age individuals with disabilities, the form has changed over time. The impetus for change has been multi-faceted: rapid growth in program costs; greater awareness that people with impairments are able and willing to work; and increased recognition that protecting the economic security of people with disabilities might best be done by keeping them in the labor market. Here we describe the evolution of disability programs in four countries: Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. We show how growth in the receipt of publically provided disability benefits has fluctuated over time and discuss how policy choices played a role. Based on our descriptive comparative analysis we summarize shared experiences that potentially benefit policymakers in all countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Differential vocational rehabilitation service patterns related to the job retention and job placement needs of people with diabetes (2015)
Chiu, Chung-Yi; Chan, Fong ; Pfaller, Joseph; Rumrill, Phillip; Sharp, Seneca; Cheing, Gladys; Sanchez, Jennifer;Zitatform
Chiu, Chung-Yi, Seneca Sharp, Joseph Pfaller, Phillip Rumrill, Gladys Cheing, Jennifer Sanchez & Fong Chan (2015): Differential vocational rehabilitation service patterns related to the job retention and job placement needs of people with diabetes. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 2, S. 177-185. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150734
Abstract
"It is clear that the chronic progression of diabetes, as well as other socio-environmental factors, act as barriers to individuals seeking to maintain employment. Long-term employment outcomes of people with diabetes can be improved by providing customized interventions to help individuals retain their current employment. This investigation examined differential vocational rehabilitation (VR) service patterns between two groups of clients with diabetes, those who were employed at the time of application and those who were unemployed. Quantitative descriptive research design using multiple discriminant analysis (MDS). Participants included 5,427 individuals with diabetes whose VR cases were closed in Fiscal Year 2011.
MDS revealed that the employed applicants group had higher propensities than the unemployed applicants group to receive assessment, diagnosis and treatment, counseling and guidance, rehabilitation technology, and on-the-job supports as part of the VR process. The unemployed applicants group had higher propensities to receive occupational/vocational training, job readiness, job placement, and other services. These differential service patterns suggest that the client's employment status at the inception of his or her VR program is taken into close consideration during the case planning and goal-setting phases of the VR process. Implications for future research and VR service delivery are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Evaluating the potential cost-savings of job accommodations among individuals with psychiatric disability (2015)
Zitatform
Chow, Clifton M., Bevin Croft & Benjamin Cichocki (2015): Evaluating the potential cost-savings of job accommodations among individuals with psychiatric disability. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 43, H. 1, S. 67-74. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150755
Abstract
"Background: Two decades since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, individuals with psychiatric disabilities continue to face barriers to employment that includes sensitivity to the benefit structure of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
Objective: This study examines cost-savings to the SSI program due to enhanced employment outcomes for persons with psychiatric disabilities associated with the receipt of job accommodations.
Methods: Data come from a federally funded, multi-site, implementation effectiveness study of supported employment models for 987 working age adults. Cost-savings were estimated using ordinary least squares regression to examine averted SSI payment.
Results: Accommodations were associated with a marginal monthly SSI savings of $11.73, and these savings were 68 percent higher compared to the non-accommodations group. Being married, having independent housing, and recent employment history predicted savings increases. Physical and emotional problems affecting work, a schizophrenia diagnosis, and symptoms of social withdrawal and blunted affect predicted lower savings.
Conclusions: This study adds to a small body of literature examining the impact of accommodations for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Future work in this area might examine savings to the Social Security Disability Insurance program and should include factors unavailable in this analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Longitudinal outcomes of Project SEARCH in upstate New York (2015)
Christensen, JulieJ.; Riehle, Erin; Hetherington, Susan; Daston, Maryellen;Zitatform
Christensen, JulieJ., Susan Hetherington, Maryellen Daston & Erin Riehle (2015): Longitudinal outcomes of Project SEARCH in upstate New York. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 247-255. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150746
Abstract
"Background: Project SEARCH is a successful job readiness program for high school students with disabilities, ages 18 - 21, and is recognized for its innovative approach and collaborative efforts between business, education and vocational rehabilitative services. Project SEARCH employment outcomes far exceed the national average rate of employment for people with disabilities, with a 68% success rate in transitioning students from high school into competitive employment. However, little is known about the long term employment outcomes for the young people who have completed the training program.
Objective: This study, that includes longitudinal data collected from three Project SEARCH sites in Upstate New York that have an impressive 83% success rate overall, provides the first longitudinal analysis of the impact of Project SEARCH.
Conclusion: Data collected as part of this 5-year evaluation project indicate promising trends; and support the notion that the Project SEARCH model is successfully preparing young students with disabilities with the skills necessary to both obtain and retain employment in integrated work settings. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to substantiate the reported outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The workplace discrimination experiences of older workers with disabilities: results from the national EEOC ADA research project (2015)
Zitatform
Cichy, Kelly E., Jian Li, Brian T. McMahon & Phillip D. Rumrill (2015): The workplace discrimination experiences of older workers with disabilities. Results from the national EEOC ADA research project. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 137-148. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150763
Abstract
"Background: In this study, investigators examined the employment discrimination experiences of older workers (55 and over) with disabilities in comparison to younger adult workers with disabilities.
Objective: To examine age as a differential indicator of demographic characteristics of the Charging Parties, characteristics of Employers against whom allegations were filed, the discrimination issues alleged to occur, and the legal outcome of allegation investigations.
Methods: The study utilized data from the Integrated Mission System of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
Results: Findings indicate that allegations filed by older Charging Parties were more likely to come from males and Caucasians and to involve more nonparalytic orthopedic, cardiovascular, vision, hearing, endocrinological, respiratory, and other age-related impairments. Allegations filed by older Charging Parties involved fewer mental health concerns, substance use disorders, blood and immune disorders, developmental disabilities, and chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Allegations filed by older workers were less likely to involve involuntary termination and more likely to involve work assignments, the terms and conditions of employment, layoff, and involuntary retirement. No significant differences in the proportions of allegations were observed related to the size of respondent employers or the outcomes of the EEOC's investigatory process.
Conclusions: Results suggest that many of the workplace discrimination experiences of people with disabilities are common across age groups, and that partial support is evident for 'double jeopardy' in the treatment of older workers with disabilities. Implications for policy and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The effects of vocational rehabilitation for people with cognitive impairments (2015)
Zitatform
Dean, David, John Pepper, Robert Schmidt & Steven Stern (2015): The effects of vocational rehabilitation for people with cognitive impairments. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 399-426. DOI:10.1111/iere.12109
Abstract
"This article utilizes administrative data to examine both short- and long-term employment impacts for people with cognitive impairments who applied for vocational rehabilitation services in Virginia in 2000. These data provide long-term quarterly information on services and employment outcomes. We model behavior, allow for multiple service choices, use long-run labor market data, and use valid instruments. Results imply that services generally have positive long-run labor market outcome effects that appear to substantially exceed the cost of providing services." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Staying employed: services and supports for workers with disabilities (2015)
Denny-Brown, Noelle; O'Day, Bonnie; McLeod, Stephanie;Zitatform
Denny-Brown, Noelle, Bonnie O'Day & Stephanie McLeod (2015): Staying employed: services and supports for workers with disabilities. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 124-131. DOI:10.1177/1044207315583899
Abstract
"To obtain and maintain employment, workers with disabilities may need services and supports that are not covered by private or public health insurance plans. This study explores the services, supports, and accommodations that people with disabilities use to find and keep competitive employment; how they obtain needed supports; and the extent to which they pay out of pocket for work-related supports. We conducted an exploratory study using in-depth interviews with 15 workers with disabilities who in 2013 earned at least 250% of the poverty level, or about US$28,000 a year for a single person. Most respondents needed some supports or accommodations to sustain their employment, but on the whole, these supports were neither costly nor resource intensive for employers to provide. The most frequently used supports were assistive technology (AT), including wheelchairs, communication devices such as video relay phones, and visual aids to enhance individuals' access to information. Respondents also used staff supports and modified work schedules. Out-of-pocket costs for services and supports used on and off the job ranged from US$0 to US$14,800 per year for personal care assistants, medical goods and services, coinsurance payments, AT, and service animals. Individual needs, the nature of the job, and the extent to which health insurance or other sources covered the costs for work-related services and supports all factored into the challenges these workers with disabilities encountered and the solutions they devised to find and keep jobs that pay at least a moderate salary." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
An exploratory investigation into family perspectives after the family employment awareness training (2015)
Francis, Grace L.; Gross, Judith M. S.; Turnbull III, H. Rutherford; Turnbull, Ann P.;Zitatform
Francis, Grace L., Judith M. S. Gross, Ann P. Turnbull & H. Rutherford Turnbull III (2015): An exploratory investigation into family perspectives after the family employment awareness training. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 68-77. DOI:10.1177/2165143414528241
Abstract
"Competitive employment (i.e., employment in community settings among people without disabilities for minimum wage or higher) improves quality of life for people with disabilities who have individualized support needs (ISN). However, attaining competitive employment can be challenging for people with ISN. This study used a mixed methods design to evaluate the perspectives of 68 families who attended the Family Employment Awareness Training (FEAT). Findings indicated that families who attended FEAT (a) accessed competitive employment resources following FEAT and (b) reported competitive employment outcomes for their family members with ISN following FEAT. We discuss implications of these findings and recommendations for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Long term earnings and disability program participation outcomes of the Bridges transition program (2015)
Hemmeter, Jeffrey; Donovan, Mark; Cobb, Joyanne; Asbury, Tad;Zitatform
Hemmeter, Jeffrey, Mark Donovan, Joyanne Cobb & Tad Asbury (2015): Long term earnings and disability program participation outcomes of the Bridges transition program. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.3233/JVR-140719
Abstract
"The Bridges from School to Work (Bridges) program provides job placement and supports for youth with disabilities. Operating in nine sites across the country, over 18,000 youth have received job placement services through Bridges. The paper presents long-term outcomes of youth who participate in the study to determine if previously documented short-term outcomes continue into adulthood. We examine the earnings of Bridges participants up to age 30. We present longitudinal statistics on the earnings and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program participation of youth placed by Bridges into a job. A comparison with similarly aged youths receiving SSI who did not participate in Bridges is also made.
At age 30, almost three quarters of youth placed by Bridges have earnings. We also find that SSI participation declines through age 30 and DI participation increases. Among placed youth who received SSI at the time of Bridges enrollment, half have earnings at age 30 and less than half received SSI payments; however, over one quarter receive DI benefits. Bridges participation potentially helps create a higher earnings capacity for participants; however, more research is necessary to establish a causal effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Employment and economic well-being of people with and without disabilities before and after the great recession (2015)
Livermore, Gina A.; Honeycutt, Todd C.;Zitatform
Livermore, Gina A. & Todd C. Honeycutt (2015): Employment and economic well-being of people with and without disabilities before and after the great recession. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 70-79. DOI:10.1177/1044207315583875
Abstract
"The latest U.S. economic recession, commonly referred to as the Great Recession, has had a far-reaching impact, but its effects may be disproportionately experienced by working-age people with disabilities, given their already tenuous attachment to the labor force. We used data from the Current Population Survey both to describe the experiences of working-age people with disabilities during 2006 - 2012 (a period beginning before and ending after the Great Recession) and to compare the experiences of this population with those of working-age people without disabilities. We found few significant differences in the characteristics of people with disabilities before and after the Great Recession. The employment rate of people with disabilities was low both before and after the recession, though the decline in employment among people with disabilities was somewhat greater than for people without disabilities. The employment declines observed during this period for people with disabilities reflect a long-term downward trend that has persisted for decades, raising concerns that people with disabilities are permanently exiting the labor force. Job loss after the recession was particularly concentrated among people with disabilities in blue-collar and goods-producing jobs. People with and without disabilities experienced similar increases in poverty. Ongoing surveillance of the characteristics and employment of people with disabilities is needed to identify trends and develop policies to promote their independence and economic security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse und Projekte aus dem IAB
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Ausbildung, Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
- Politik und Rechtsprechung für behinderte Menschen
- Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
- Berufsvorbereitung, Berufsberatung, Berufswahl
- Studium
- Berufsausbildung, Berufseinmündung
- Fortbildung und Umschulung
- betriebliche Rehabilitation
- Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
- Erfolgskontrolle, Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekte
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Arbeitsmarktsituation behinderter Menschen
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Inklusion, Persönliches Budget
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Beschäftigung in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen
- Beschäftigung in alternativen Einrichtungen, Selbsthilfefirmen
- Berufliche Selbständigkeit
- Hochqualifizierte behinderte Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- Beschäftigung im ersten Arbeitsmarkt
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Berufsleben und Arbeitswelt behinderter Menschen
- Personalpolitik, Arbeitgebereinstellungen, finanzielle Einstellungsanreize
- Eingliederungshilfe, BEM, Arbeitsassistenz, Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Arbeitsplatzsicherung
- Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, technische Arbeitshilfen, Arbeitszeit
- Berufsverlauf, Berufserfolg
- Berufsstruktur, Einzelberufe
- Arbeitszufriedenheit
- Lohn, Einkommen
- Behinderungsart
- Alter
- Geografischer Bezug
- Geschlecht