Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt
Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen.
Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im
Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Integration Programmes for Refugees in Austria: Do they Really Work and for Whom? (2023)
Mara, Isilda;Zitatform
Mara, Isilda (2023): Labour Market Integration Programmes for Refugees in Austria: Do they Really Work and for Whom? (WIIW working paper 234), Wien, 49 S.
Abstract
"In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the participation of refugees in integration programs intended to help them gain employment. The specific programmes considered are the Competence Check program and the Integration Year program that were introduced in Austria around the time of the 2015 crisis, when refugees poured from the Middle East into the EU. The study is based on the fourth and fifth waves of a survey (FIMAS) of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Syria in Austria, and it uses matching models to evaluate the effects on employment of participation in those two programs. More specifically, it applies multivariate matching methods that ensure better balancing properties between the control and the treated groups. We find especially positive effects of the programs on the employability of women, the poorly educated, younger and older age cohorts. These programs thus seem to work specifically for those that find themselves in a more vulnerable labor market situation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A positive psychology intervention to foster economic integration of Syrian refugees in the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Muller-Dugic, José, Pascal J. Beckers & Mario H. Braakman (2023): A positive psychology intervention to foster economic integration of Syrian refugees in the Netherlands. In: International Migration, Jg. 61, H. 6, S. 242-261. DOI:10.1111/imig.13163
Abstract
"Research shows that the labour market integration of refugees is often problematic. Little is known about what kind of measures are effective to help them integrate into the labour market. In the Netherlands, a positive psychology intervention “Mosaic” for Syrian refugees was developed to support their economic participation. This study aims to assess the effect of “Mosaic” on the economic participation and work-related attitudes of Syrian refugees. “Mosaic” was implemented in six municipalities by conducting an RCT with a waiting list control group. The results show that in the short term, the intervention group realizes a significantly larger increase in hours spent on an internship as well as substantially larger gains in confidence to find work in the future. In the long term, the intervention group experiences larger confidence gains related to finding a job that fits their education and experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European Network of Public Employment Services: Trends in PES - Assessment Report on PES Capacity 2022 (2023)
Peters, Marjolein;Zitatform
Peters, Marjolein (2023): European Network of Public Employment Services: Trends in PES - Assessment Report on PES Capacity 2022. (Trends in PES / European Network of Public Employment Services 2022), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 74 S. DOI:10.2767/908915
Abstract
"The report provides an overview of key trends in the development of PES, describing aspects of their capacity and the client services they offer. It is based on PES replies to the annual PES Capacity survey received from 32 PES in July and August 2022. This year, specific information was collected on the cooperation of PES with municipalities and how PES use outsourcing to work with other actors in the labour market ecosystem. Two more important additional topics this year are the impact of the pandemic (continuing from the 2021 report) and the support PES provide to jobseekers from Ukraine." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Which employers have refugee employees - And which do not? Employer typologies developed through hierarchical cluster analyses (2023)
Zitatform
Ravn, Rasmus Lind (2023): Which employers have refugee employees - And which do not? Employer typologies developed through hierarchical cluster analyses. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 57, H. 1, S. 67-86. DOI:10.1111/spol.12873
Abstract
"Employers can be regarded as gatekeepers of jobs. They decide how to post vacancies, whom to recruit and whom to dismiss. In recent years, a growing body of research has highlighted the crucial role of employers in relation to labour market participation of disadvantaged groups. This article contributes to this research by exploring which types of employers have refugee employees—and which do not. We develop the typologies through hierarchical cluster analyses using a nationally representative survey of Danish workplaces. We find that the employers who have experiences with having refugee employees can be grouped into three based on their attitudes and preconceptions; knights, knaves and squires. Likewise, employers who have never had refugee employees can also be divided into three groups; aspiring knights, knights of fortune, and commoners. The groups differ in their attitudes and motivations for (not) having refugee employees. Our main contribution to the literature is the development of new nuanced employer typologies, and the finding that employers differ in their motivations for having, or not having, refugee employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lost in data translation: A critical review of datasets on refugees (2023)
Zitatform
Sağnıç, Şevin Gülfer (2023): Lost in data translation: A critical review of datasets on refugees. In: International Migration, Jg. 61, H. 6, S. 193-208. DOI:10.1111/imig.13159
Abstract
"Quantitative data are the backbone of the international refugee regime. Academic researchers and international organizations have been drawing attention to the problems of refugee data that obscure refugee vulnerabilities. Despite these efforts, the limitations of quantitative refugee data, particularly with regard to gendered aspects of refugee vulnerabilities, have often been overlooked. This article aims to address this issue by examining the major limitations of quantitative refugee data. It focuses on the question of “What are the major limitations of quantitative refugee data regarding gendered aspects of refugee vulnerabilities?” By conducting a systematic review of 67 datasets from international organizations, nation-states, and independent data collectors, it argues that there are five fundamental problems with the data: (1) lack of disaggregation, (2) lack of cross-tabulation and inability to harmonize datasets, (3) inconsistent periodization frequency, (4) lack of sex and gender diversity measurement, and (5) survivor bias. This article highlights the importance of critically analysing the data that informs theories and decisions regarding refugee vulnerabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social protection for refugees and migrants: Examining access to benefits and labour market interventions (2023)
Zitatform
Seyfert, Karin & Héctor Alonso (2023): Social protection for refugees and migrants: Examining access to benefits and labour market interventions. In: International social security review, Jg. 76, H. 4, S. 23-43. DOI:10.1111/issr.12347
Abstract
"The article discusses the current practices for providing social protection to refugees and migrants, focusing primarily on low- and middle-income (LMICs) destination countries. It examines formal providers of social protection, including state institutions, development agencies and humanitarian organizations. In recent years, there has been an increase in funding from multilateral donors, especially in the context of the COVID–19 pandemic, leading to the establishment of national assistance programmes in LMICs that also encompass refugees and to a lesser extent migrant workers. International agencies play a crucial role in providing humanitarian cash assistance to refugees, given their status under international protection under the 1951 Refugee Convention and related protocols. Access to social insurance remains tied to formal employment. Social insurance entitlements for migrants are often restricted and refugees are typically excluded from formal employment in LMICs. Regarding labor market interventions, refugees and migrants are often excluded from national programs, with migrants’ residence permits being often tied to employment. For refugees, international agencies take a prominent role in providing livelihood programs aimed at enhancing income-generating opportunities, economic inclusion and financial independence. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear, lacking rigorous evidence, and often being short-term with limited coverage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Success or Self-Sufficiency? The Role of Race in Refugees' Long-Term Economic Outcomes (2023)
Zitatform
Tesfai, Rebbeca (2023): Success or Self-Sufficiency? The Role of Race in Refugees' Long-Term Economic Outcomes. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 156-189. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feac066
Abstract
"The United States has always prided itself as providing safe haven to those who are persecuted. Yet, the United States did not develop policy for admitting and resettling refugees until 1980. Unlike Asians and Europeans, African refugees in the 1980s were chosen primarily based on skill, but no research thus far examines whether this strategy led to greater long-term economic success for African refugees. This article examines racial differences in refugees’ likelihood of living in poverty, receiving welfare income, engaging in full-time employment and wages between 1990 and 2019. I find that refugees show improvement in all four outcomes. African refugees, however, earn less than nearly all other groups in all time periods suggesting blocked mobility, particularly among men. Analyses focus on the 1982–1987 entry cohort of refugees who had access to more assistance than future cohorts. Consequently, these findings likely show the best-case scenario for refugees’ long-term economic outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
User involvement or aspirations management?: Work counsellors’ strategies in guiding newly arrived refugees into the Norwegian labour market (2023)
Willmann-Robleda, Zubia; Tembo-Pankuku, Memory Jayne;Zitatform
Willmann-Robleda, Zubia & Memory Jayne Tembo-Pankuku (2023): User involvement or aspirations management? Work counsellors’ strategies in guiding newly arrived refugees into the Norwegian labour market. In: Journal of Comparative Social Work, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 128-153. DOI:10.31265/jcsw.v18i2.570
Abstract
"The last decades have seen a shift towards activation policies in welfare states, such as the introduction program for refugees in Norway, a qualification program that seeks to prepare refugees for the labor market. In the last decade, the program has placed further focus on refugees’ duties rather than their rights, as it had previously done. This article examines the strategies that work counsellors in the introduction program use to ‘activate’ and assist newly arrived refugees as they prepare to enter the Norwegian labor market. We focus on how work counsellors guide and motivate refugees in this process. We draw on 10 semi-structured interviews with work counsellors in various municipalities in southwestern Norway. We suggest that the activating strategies used by the work counsellors may be seen as a form of aspirations management to get the refugees to shift their aspirations toward those the work counsellors see as more achievable within a shorter period, to get them more quickly into the labor market. We suggest that unchecked power dynamics, together with increasing time-pressure on work counsellors, may be at play leading them to exert too much influence, and leading to user involvement practice not being properly implemented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The long-term integration of European refugees: Swedish experiences after the Yugoslav Wars (2023)
Åslund, Olof; Liljeberg, Linus; Roman, Sara;Zitatform
Åslund, Olof, Linus Liljeberg & Sara Roman (2023): The long-term integration of European refugees. Swedish experiences after the Yugoslav Wars. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2023,16), Uppsala, 35 S.
Abstract
"We study the short- and long-term economic and social integration of European war refugees. The population under study left former Yugoslavia for Sweden in the early 1990s. In the first years, there were significant human capital investments in language training, adult education, and active labor market programs. The Yugoslav refugees then exhibited a remarkably sharp increase in employment and earnings, possibly helped by improving labor markets and pre-existing contacts in Sweden. Many entered jobs in manufacturing and service industries and remained there to a considerable extent. Among those above 50 at arrival, labor market outcomes were not as good. Despite strong development during the early years, the long-term labor market position of the Yugoslavs is broadly on par with previous cohorts of refugees. Residential segregation first increased and then declined, whereas workplace segregation was most marked among the early entrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
English 'iron rod' welfare versus Italian 'colander' welfare: understanding the intra-European mobility strategies of unaccompanied young migrants and refugees (2022)
Zitatform
Allsopp, Jennifer (2022): English 'iron rod' welfare versus Italian 'colander' welfare: understanding the intra-European mobility strategies of unaccompanied young migrants and refugees. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 436-451. DOI:10.1177/09589287221095056
Abstract
"The experiences of unaccompanied young migrants and refugees challenge the idea of a common European asylum policy but also show that traditional welfare typologies used to account for differences in welfare across states fail to account for the lived experiences of this group. They do not consider the shifting categorizations of young migrants in institutional terms, nor how the stratification of their social rights plays out over place and time. Moreover, current welfare typologies give inadequate attention to the increasing intersection of the labour market and opportunities for regularization, the relative importance and role of the state in the welfare mix, and the nexus of access to welfare and immigration enforcement. This article draws on qualitative longitudinal research in England and Italy to argue that rather than experiencing welfare through the lens of Liberal (England) versus Conservative or Mediterranean (Italy) regimes, unaccompanied young migrants and refugees in these countries are better understood as navigating different systems of ‘iron rod welfare’ and ‘colander welfare’. In England, the nexus between welfare and legal status is policed by an iron rod on one side of which exists a plethora of social rights, but on the other the risk of a proactive detention and deportation regime. In Italy, meanwhile, the holes of the colander denote gaps in protection but also possibilities to navigate alternative welfare strategies independently of the state. The ability to act independently of the state is an important but under-theorized capability for this population, for whom the state is a more ambiguous actor than is traditionally considered in European social policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Refugee Migration and the Labor Market: Lessons from 40 Years of Post-arrival Policies in Denmark (2022)
Zitatform
Arendt, Jacob Nielsen, Christian Dustmann & Hyejin Ku (2022): Refugee Migration and the Labor Market: Lessons from 40 Years of Post-arrival Policies in Denmark. In: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 531-556. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grac021
Abstract
"Denmark has accepted refugees from a large variety of countries and for more than four decades. Denmark has also frequently changed policies and regulations concerning integration programmes, transfer payments, and conditions for permanent residency. Such policy variation in conjunction with excellent administrative data provides an ideal laboratory to evaluate the effects of different immigration and integration policies on the outcomes of refugee immigrants. In this article, we first describe the Danish experience with refugee immigration over the past four decades. We then review different post-arrival refugee policies and summarize studies that evaluate their effects on the labour market performance of refugees. Lastly, we discuss and contrast these findings in the context of international studies of similar policies and draw conclusions for policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do applications respond to changes in asylum policies in European countries? (2022)
Zitatform
Bertoli, Simone, Herbert Brücker & Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga (2022): Do applications respond to changes in asylum policies in European countries? In: Regional Science and Urban Economics, Jg. 93, 2022-01-19. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103771
Abstract
"We analyze the role of origin-destination-time specific policy measures in shaping the location choices of asylum seekers across European countries. We estimate a gravity equation that reflects the uncertainty that asylum seekers face concerning the chances of obtaining refugee protection, the processing time and the risk of repatriation. German efforts to expand their processing capacity are correlated with a significant increase in applications from origins with high recognition rates, which were mostly diverted away from Sweden. For Syrians, the observed variations in processing times increased applications in Germany by 16.1 percent, and led to a 35.3 percent reduction in Sweden between 2014 and 2015." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktintegration von Personen mit Schutzstatus S: Unternehmensbefragung (2022)
Craviolini, Julie; Herman, Michael;Zitatform
Craviolini, Julie & Michael Herman (2022): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Personen mit Schutzstatus S. Unternehmensbefragung. Zürich, 19 S.
Abstract
"Im März dieses Jahres hat der Bundesrat entschieden, den Personen, die aufgrund des Krieges aus der Ukraine geflüchtet sind, den Schutzstatus S zu erteilen. Dieser ermöglicht es, ohne Wartefrist einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachzugehen. Der Schweizerische Arbeitgeberverband (SAV) begrüsst es, dass die Unternehmen einen Beitrag zur Arbeitsmarktintegration der Personen mit Schutzstatus S leisten. Um mehr über das Interesse aber auch über die Herausforderungen und Bedürfnisse der Schweizer Unternehmen in Bezug auf die Anstellung von Ukraine-Flüchtlingen zu erfahren, hat der SAV das Forschungsinstitut Sotomo mit einer Unternehmensbefragung beauftragt. Befragt wurden Verantwortungspersonen von 376 Schweizer Unternehmen aus der deutsch- und französischsprachigen Schweiz mit mindestens fünf Mitarbeitenden. Die Erhebung fand zwischen dem 18. und 25. Juli 2022 über das B2B-Panel von AmPuls statt. Die Befragung zeigt, dass 56 Prozent der Schweizer Unternehmen grundsätzlich Interesse an einer Anstellung von geflüchteten Personen aus der Ukraine haben. Fast jedes zehnte Unternehmen hat bereits entsprechende Personen angestellt und ist grossmehrheitlich zufrieden mit deren Leistung (85 %). Eine wichtige Motivation für die befragten Unternehmen ist es dabei, einen solidarischen Beitrag zu leisten. Als bedeutende Faktoren werden zudem die Qualität der Arbeitskräfte aus der Ukraine sowie deren hohe Motivation genannt. Zugleich bestehen jedoch auch Hürden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Integration of Refugees: RCT Evidence from an Early Intervention Program in Sweden (2022)
Zitatform
Dahlberg, Matz, Johan Egebark, Gulay Ozcan & Ulrika Vikman (2022): Labor Market Integration of Refugees. RCT Evidence from an Early Intervention Program in Sweden. (arXiv papers), 21 S.
Abstract
"This study uses a randomized control trial to evaluate a new program for increased labor market integration of refugees. The program introduces highly intensive assistance immediately after the residence permit is granted. The early intervention strategy contrasts previous integration policies, which typically constitute low-intensive help over long periods of time. We find positive effects on employment of the program. The magnitude of the effect is substantial, corresponding to around 15 percentage points. Our cost estimates suggest that the new policy is less expensive than comparable labor market programs used in the past." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Integrating Refugees by Addressing Labor Shortages? A Policy Evaluation (2022)
Zitatform
Foged, Mette, Janis Kreuder & Giovanni Peri (2022): Integrating Refugees by Addressing Labor Shortages? A Policy Evaluation. (NBER working paper 29781), Cambridge, Mass, 19 S. DOI:10.3386/w29781
Abstract
"We evaluate the effect on newly arrived refugees' employment of a policy, introduced in Denmark in 2013, that matched refugees to occupations with local labor shortages after basic training for those jobs. Leveraging the staggered roll-out across municipalities, we find that the policy increased employment by 5-6 percentage points one year after arrival and 10 percentage points two years after. The policy was especially effective for male refugees and refugees with some secondary education. The findings suggest that this type of policy could alleviate long-term labor shortages and integrate low-skilled immigrants, while having minimal competition effects on natives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migration und Flucht: Wirtschaftliche Aspekte - regionale Hot Spots - Dynamiken - Lösungsansätze (2022)
Jäggi, Christian J.;Zitatform
Jäggi, Christian J. (2022): Migration und Flucht. Wirtschaftliche Aspekte - regionale Hot Spots - Dynamiken - Lösungsansätze. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 193 S.
Abstract
"Dieses Fachbuch ordnet die hochaktuelle Fluchtthematik in größere theoretische Zusammenhänge ein. Dabei werden die wichtigsten globalen Fluchtbewegungen und Migrationsrouten und regionale Hot Spots skizziert, und zwar aus europäischer und insbesondere aus schweizerischer Sicht. Für Migration und Flucht gibt es ökonomische Ursachen, aber auch Krieg, Gewalt und Naturkatastrophen führen dazu, dass eine wachsende Zahl von Menschen ihre Heimat verlässt. Neben Fragen des Überlebens sind oft auch der Wunsch nach einem besseren Leben die Motivation dazu. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Darstellungen der Migrationsforschung geht der Schweizer Autor Christian J. Jäggi nicht von linearen Migrationsverläufen, sondern von gleichzeitigen, bilokalen Lebensformen aus. Die ökonomischen Implikationen von Migration und Flucht sowohl für die Migranten als auch für die Herkunfts- und für die Einwanderungsländer werden dargestellt. Zudem werden internationale und globale Strategien und Lösungsansätze analysiert." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Refugees' Transition from Welfare to Work: A Quasi-Experimental Approach of the Impact of the Neighbourhood Context (2022)
Zitatform
Kristiansen, Marcus H., Ineke Maas, Sanne Boschman & J. Cok Vrooman (2022): Refugees' Transition from Welfare to Work: A Quasi-Experimental Approach of the Impact of the Neighbourhood Context. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 234-251. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcab044
Abstract
"This study analyses the impact of the neighbourhood context on the likelihood that refugees move from social assistance to paid employment. It makes use of Dutch policy that resulted in an exogenous placement of refugees in their first regular housing. This natural quasi-experiment allows us to estimate intent-to-treat effects of initial neighbourhood characteristics on the likelihood of transitioning from welfare to work. We consider the impact of the employment share and the median level of income among natives and co-ethnics, using Dutch longitudinal administrative data and discrete time event-history modelling. Our findings indicate that refugees are more likely to enter the labour market when the neighbourhood’s employment share among natives is higher. A similar effect for employment among co-ethnics is not found. There is also no evidence that the placement of refugees in an area with a higher median income among co-ethnics or natives facilitates the transition from welfare to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The relationship between employment and health for people from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds: A systematic review of quantitative studies (2022)
Zitatform
Lai, Huyen, Clemence Due & Anna Ziersch (2022): The relationship between employment and health for people from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds: A systematic review of quantitative studies. In: SSM - population health, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101075
Abstract
"Background For the general population, the positive effects of paid employment on health and wellbeing are well established. However, less is known for people from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds. This review aims to systematically summarise the quantitative literature on the relationship between employment and health and wellbeing for refugees and asylum seekers. Method A search strategy was conducted in online databases, including MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMCARE, SCOPUS, CINHAL, ProQuest and Web of Science. Articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies published in English between 2000 to October 2021 were included if they used quantitative methods to consider the relationship between employment and health for refugees and asylum seekers in resettlement countries. Study quality was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tools. Findings were synthesised using a narrative approach. Results Seventy-two papers were identified. The majority of papers (N = 58, 81%) examined the association between employment and mental health outcomes. Overall, while there were inconsistencies in the findings, employment had a positive effect on mental health particularly in reducing levels of psychological distress and depression. Though more limited in number, the papers examining physical health suggest that people who are employed tend to have better physical health than unemployed persons. There was some evidence to support the bi-directional relationship between employment and health. Poor mental and physical health negatively impacted the odds of employment and occupational status of refugees. Conclusion Good quality employment is an essential component of refugee resettlement and this review found that in general employment is also beneficial for refugee health, particularly aspects of mental health. More research regarding the effects of employment on physical health is required. The effects of refugee-specific factors such as gender roles, torture, and trauma on the relationship between employment and health also require further investigation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Bedeutung des lokalen Kontexts für die soziale Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen: Ländliche Räume als Potenzial? (2022)
Zitatform
Manahl, Caroline (2022): Die Bedeutung des lokalen Kontexts für die soziale Teilhabe geflüchteter Frauen. Ländliche Räume als Potenzial? In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 133-154. DOI:10.1007/s11614-022-00478-z
Abstract
"In rezenten Forschungsarbeiten zu Zuwanderung in ländlichen Räumen wird ruralen Gebieten ein hohes Potenzial für Eingliederungsprozesse zugeschrieben. Besonders der Aufbau sozialer Beziehungen soll Zugewanderten in solchen Gebieten leichter gelingen und wiederum für andere Bereiche von Integration förderlich sein (z. B. für die Suche nach Wohnraum bzw. nach einer Beschäftigung). Dieser Beitrag überprüft, ob sich solche positiven Effekte ländlicher Gebiete im Vergleich zu städtischen Räumen am Beispiel geflüchteter Frauen in Vorarlberg nachweisen lassen. Dazu wird eine bi- und multivariate Analyse von Befragungsdaten durchgeführt, die in der praktischen Integrationsarbeit in Vorarlberg erhoben wurden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass geflüchtete Frauen, die in ruralen Kontexten wohnen, seltener am Erwerbsleben und an sozialen Beziehungen in ihrem lokalen Umfeld teilhaben als geflüchtete Frauen im städtischen Raum. Zudem wird ersichtlich, dass Nachbarschaften, ehrenamtliche Helfer*innen und lokale Austausch- und Begegnungsangebote wichtige Gelegenheitsstrukturen für geflüchtete Frauen sind, um Kontakte aufzubauen. Nachbarschaften in städtischen Gebieten scheinen hierfür allerdings bessere Rahmenbedingungen zu bieten als Nachbarschaften im ländlichen Raum und auch der Zugang zu Begegnungsangeboten scheint geflüchteten Frauen in der Stadt eher zu gelingen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Logistification and Hyper-Precarity at the Intersection of Migration and Pandemic Governance: Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market (2022)
Zitatform
Nimer, Maissam & Susan Beth Rottmann (2022): Logistification and Hyper-Precarity at the Intersection of Migration and Pandemic Governance: Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 35, H. 1, S. 122-138. DOI:10.1093/jrs/feab076
Abstract
"This article analyses the governance of migration and the Covid-19 pandemic on precarious Syrian refugees in Istanbul. Drawing from a review of state policies and interviews with refugees before and after the pandemic, we argue that the intersecting governance of migration and the pandemic compounded inequalities. While refugees initially lost their employment without notice in lockdown periods, their partial lifting revealed unequal expectations towards their labour, as they were reincorporated within even more hyper-precarious labour relations. Unlike citizens who were somewhat protected by the state, refugees were under the limited care of international funders and subject to the whims of the market. Pandemic governance resulted in increased hyper-precarity and the need to rely on individual coping mechanisms for refugees. This research shows how shifting inclusion and exclusion shapes refugees' hyper-precarity related to Covid-19 governance, transforming Syrians into ‘market buffers’ to prevent or delay bankruptcies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern