Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Berufsorientierung und Weiterbildung in der digitalen Transformation: Neue Qualifizierungsansätze für die Metall- und Elektroindustrie (2025)
Zitatform
Freiling, Thomas, Matthias Kohl, Christoph Krause & Bastian Steinmüller (2025): Berufsorientierung und Weiterbildung in der digitalen Transformation. Neue Qualifizierungsansätze für die Metall- und Elektroindustrie. Bielefeld: wbv Media, 221 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763978311
Abstract
"Die Publikation untersucht die Auswirkungen gesellschaftlicher und technologischer Transformationsprozesse auf die berufliche Orientierung und Qualifizierung. Im Fokus stehen die Herausforderungen, die durch Digitalisierung, Automatisierung und den Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz entstehen, insbesondere in der Metall- und Elektroindustrie. Es werden innovative Bildungsangebote vorgestellt, die darauf abzielen, Fachkräfte, Auszubildende und Jugendliche optimal auf die dynamischen Anforderungen der modernen Arbeitswelt vorzubereiten. Der Band gliedert sich in mehrere Kapitel, die zunächst die aktuellen Veränderungen in der Arbeitswelt analysieren. Anschließend werden pädagogische Konzepte für eine zeitgemäße Berufsorientierung präsentiert. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Entwicklung von Qualifizierungsmodulen, die in enger Zusammenarbeit mit regionalen Unternehmen konzipiert wurden, um den spezifischen Bedürfnissen der Praxis gerecht zu werden. Die Publikation richtet sich an Bildungsforscher:innen, Pädagog:innen, Ausbilder:innen sowie Entscheidungsträger:innen in Unternehmen und Bildungseinrichtungen, die sich mit der Gestaltung zukunftsorientierter Bildungsangebote befassen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The digital skill premium: Evidence from job vacancy data (2025)
Garcia-Lazaro, Aida ; Mendez-Astudillo, Jorge ; Newnes, Linda ; Larkin, Charles ; Lattanzio, Susan ;Zitatform
Garcia-Lazaro, Aida, Jorge Mendez-Astudillo, Susan Lattanzio, Charles Larkin & Linda Newnes (2025): The digital skill premium: Evidence from job vacancy data. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 250. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112294
Abstract
"This paper examines the relationship between digital skills demand and posted wages in the UK using novel vacancy data. Digital skills — classified into basic, intermediate, and advanced using an XGBoost model — are linked to significant wage premiums. Within occupations, they are associated with 5.8% higher wages, with advanced and intermediate skills increasing wages by up to 8.9% when listed in job postings. Each additional digital skill increases wages by 1%, rising to 1.6% for advanced and intermediate skills. Artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity skills yield particularly high returns, increasing wages by 8.6%–9.7% when listed and by 4.8%–5.4% per additional skill." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A technological construction of society: Comparing GPT-4 and human respondents for occupational evaluation in the UK (2025)
Zitatform
Gmyrek, Pawel, Christoph Lutz & Gemma Newlands (2025): A technological construction of society: Comparing GPT-4 and human respondents for occupational evaluation in the UK. In: BJIR, Jg. 63, H. 1, S. 180-208. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12840
Abstract
"Despite initial research about the biases and perceptions of large language models (LLMs), we lack evidence on how LLMs evaluate occupations, especially in comparison to human evaluators. In this paper, we present a systematic comparison of occupational evaluations by GPT-4 with those from an in-depth, high-quality and recent human respondents survey in the UK. Covering the full ISCO-08 occupational landscape, with 580 occupations and two distinct metrics (prestige and social value), our findings indicate that GPT-4 and human scores are highly correlated across all ISCO-08 major groups. At the same time, GPT-4 substantially under- or overestimates the occupational prestige and social value of many occupations, particularly for emerging digital and stigmatized or illicit occupations. Our analyses show both the potential and risk of using LLM-generated data for sociological and occupational research. We also discuss the policy implications of our findings for the integration of LLM tools into the world of work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Generative AI and jobs: a refined global index of occupational exposure (2025)
Gmyrek, Pawel ; Troszyński, Marek; Berg, Janine ; Kamiński, Karol; Nafradi, Balint ; Konopczyński, Filip; Rosłaniec, Konrad; Ładna, Agnieszka;Zitatform
Gmyrek, Pawel, Janine Berg, Karol Kamiński, Filip Konopczyński, Agnieszka Ładna, Balint Nafradi, Konrad Rosłaniec & Marek Troszyński (2025): Generative AI and jobs. A refined global index of occupational exposure. (ILO working paper / International Labour Organization 140), Geneva, 72 S. DOI:10.54394/hetp0387
Abstract
"This study updates the ILO’s 2023 Global Index of Occupational Exposure to Generative AI (GenAI), incorporating recent advances in the technology and increasing user familiarity with GenAI tools. Using a representative sample from the 29,753 tasks in the Polish occupational classification system and a survey of 1,640 people employed in each 1-digit ISCO-08 groups, we collect 52,558 data points regarding perceive potential of automation for 2,861 tasks. We then compare this input with a survey and several rounds of Delphi-style discussions among a smaller group of international experts. Based on this process, we create a repository of knowledge about task automation that goes beyond national specificities and use it to develop an AI assistant able to predict scores for tasks in the technical documentation of ISCO-08. Our 2025 scores are presented in a revised framework of four progressively increasing exposure gradients, with a new set of global estimates of employment shares exposed to GenAI. Clerical occupations continue to have the highest exposure levels. Additionally, some strongly digitized occupations have increased exposure, highlighting the expanding abilities of GenAI regarding specialized tasks in professional and technical roles. Globally, one in four workers are in an occupation with some GenAI exposure. 3.3% of global employment falls into the highest exposure category, albeit with significant differences between female (4.7%) and male employment (2.4%). These differences increase with countries’ income (9.6% female vs 3.5% male in Gradient 4in HICs), and so does the overall exposure (11% of total employment in LICs vs 34% in HICs). As most occupations consist of tasks that require human input, transformation of jobs is the most likely impact of GenAI. Linking our refined index with national micro data enables precise projections of such transformations, offering a foundation for social dialogue and targeted policy responses to manage the transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Generative KI: Schritt halten durch gezielte Kompetenzentwicklung (2025)
Hammermann, Andrea; Kürten, Louisa;Zitatform
Hammermann, Andrea & Louisa Kürten (2025): Generative KI: Schritt halten durch gezielte Kompetenzentwicklung. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,24), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Der Einsatz von generativer Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) transformiert die Arbeitswelt in einem rasanten Tempo. Eine wichtige Säule zur Ausschöpfung der möglichen KI-Potenziale sind das Wissen und die Anwendungskompetenz von Beschäftigten. Weiterbildung und das Lernen am Arbeitsplatz gewinnen vor diesem Hintergrund an Bedeutung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Generative AI's Impact on Student Achievement and Implications for Worker Productivity (2025)
Zitatform
Hausman, Naomi, Oren Rigbi & Sarit Weisburd (2025): Generative AI's Impact on Student Achievement and Implications for Worker Productivity. (CESifo working paper 11843), München, 39 S.
Abstract
"Student use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is reshaping learning and redefining the skills of future workers. Using student-course data from a top Israeli university, we examine the impact of generative AI tools on academic performance. Comparisons across more and less AI-compatible courses before and after ChatGPT's introduction show that AI availability raises grades, especially for lower-performing students, and compresses the grade distribution, eroding the signal value of grades for employers. Evidence suggests gains in AI-specific human capital but possible losses in traditional human capital, highlighting benefits and costs AI may impose on future workforce productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alter(n) im Betrieb: Stereotype Altersbilder, Fachkräftemangel und digitale Transformation (2025)
Zitatform
Heyer, Philipp, Kathrin Weis, Sabine Mohr & Wiebke Schmitz (2025): Alter(n) im Betrieb: Stereotype Altersbilder, Fachkräftemangel und digitale Transformation. (BIBB-Report 2025,05), Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 16 S.
Abstract
"Against the backdrop of demographic change, age-appropriate human resources policies are becoming increasingly important. Nevertheless, negative age stereotypes continue to prevail in many firms, hindering the recruitment and further training of older employees – and thus leaving existing skilled labor potential untapped. Based on current data from the establishment survey “BIBB Establishment Panel on Training andCompetence Development,” this BIBB Report analyzes stereotypical images of age in firms as well as company characteristics that promote the employment of older people. Particular attention is given to the role of digital technologies. The results show that the perceptions of older employees vary depending on the industry, firm size, and use of technology. A positive perception is associated with higher employment rates of older people. However, older employees are less strongly represented in firms with above-average use of digital technologies. Based on these findings, it is recommended to counteract age stereotypes, provide targeted further training for older employees, and actively involve them in digital work processes. An age-appropriate human resources policy not only strengthens the supply of skilled workers, but also diversity and, ultimately, the productivity of firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Das Produktionsmodell der deutschen Automobilindustrie auf dem Prüfstand: Arbeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsanforderungen in Montagewerken im Wandel? (2025)
Zitatform
Kuhlmann, Martin, Britta Matthes & Stefan Theuer (2025): Das Produktionsmodell der deutschen Automobilindustrie auf dem Prüfstand. Arbeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsanforderungen in Montagewerken im Wandel? (SOFI-Impulspapier), Göttingen, 6 S.
Abstract
"Das in den 1980er-Jahren etablierte Produktionsmodell der deutschen Automobilhersteller lässt sich beschreiben als innovations- und exportorientierte Produktion qualitativ hochwertiger Produkte auf Basis qualifizierter Arbeit, guter Bezahlung und hoher Beschäftigungssicherheit sowie starken gewerkschaftlichen Interessenvertretungen. Politische Vorgaben, wie die Umstellung auf die Produktion von Elektroautos, veränderte Wettbewerbsbedingungen sowie die weiter voranschreitende Digitalisierung haben dazu geführt, dass dieses Produktionsmodell derzeit auf dem Prüfstand steht. Getrieben durch aufkommende Zweifel an der technologischen Überlegenheit deutscher Automobilhersteller und Nachfrageschwächen beim Übergang auf Elektromobilität ist die Unsicherheit in der Branche gegenwärtig groß. In einem laufenden Forschungsprojekt untersuchen wir, inwiefern sich durch die Produktion von Elektroautos und die fortschreitende Digitalisierung Arbeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsanforderungen in den Endmontagewerken der deutschen Automobilhersteller verändert haben und ob sich arbeitsbezogen ein Wandel des deutschen Produktionsmodells abzeichnet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisation of jobs and gender-age segregation in digital tasks: Cross-country evidence based on ESJS2 data (2025)
Zitatform
Leitner, Sebastian & Stella Sophie Zilian (2025): Digitalisation of jobs and gender-age segregation in digital tasks: Cross-country evidence based on ESJS2 data. (WIIW working paper 269), Wien, 37 S.
Abstract
"This paper addresses the disproportional effects of digitalisation across age by investigating (i) within-job age segregation in tasks by digital intensity; (ii) within-job age disparities in digital upskilling; (iii) age inequalities in wage returns to digital job tasks; and (iv) the role of gender in this age segregation and inequalities. The analysis is based on data of Cedefop's second wave of the European Skills and Jobs Survey (ESJS2), conducted in 2021. First results of the analysis show that even when controlling for occupation-industry job pairs apart from using other explanatory variables, age segregation and gender gaps are prevalent in the case of digital skill intensity of tasks performed in the jobs of employees, though not in the case of digital upskilling via training measures. Applying the same appropriate controls, we also find that higher within-job digital skill intensity is associated with higher hourly wages. Gender wage gaps are sizable across all skill intensity categories in addition to widening in older age groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bots im Büro: Künstliche Intelligenz und der Wandel von Angestelltenarbeit in der digitalen Transformation (2025)
Zitatform
Lühr, Thomas & Tobias Kämpf (2025): Bots im Büro. Künstliche Intelligenz und der Wandel von Angestelltenarbeit in der digitalen Transformation. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Study 494), Düsseldorf: Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf, 98 S.
Abstract
"Mit der digitalen Transformation kommt es zu einem Schub in der Automatisierung von Arbeit. Die Einführung von Künstlicher Intelligenz führt zur grundlegenden Restrukturierung der Arbeitsinhalte und -prozesse im Büro. Damit gehen nicht nur Risiken von Funktionsverlusten bis hin zum Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes einher, sondern auch neue Machtpotenziale. Diese prägen das Bewusstsein der Angestellten wesentlich. Künstliche Intelligenz funktioniert nicht ohne Mitbestimmung - mit Mitbestimmung ergeben sich neue Ansatzpunkte für eine arbeitspolitische Vorwärtsstrategie. Die vorliegende Studie nimmt eine empirisch gestützte Analyse der Potenziale vor, die der Automatisierungsschub für die Beschäftigten und ihre Interessenvertretungen tatsächlich bietet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Rejected by an AI? Comparing job applicants’ fairness perceptions of artificial intelligence and humans in personnel selection (2025)
Zitatform
Malin, Christine, Jürgen Fleiß, Renate Ortlieb & Stefan Thalmann (2025): Rejected by an AI? Comparing job applicants’ fairness perceptions of artificial intelligence and humans in personnel selection. In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence, Jg. 8. DOI:10.3389/frai.2025.1671997
Abstract
"Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) transforms personnel selection, but the application of AI raises fairness concerns and aversion towards AI. Although job applicants may perceive the selection process as fairer when they receive an explanation for the decision, scientific knowledge about AI-related fairness perceptions in this setting is limited. This paper investigates how job applicants perceive fairness of an AI-based personnel selection process considering explanations provided. Methods: The hypotheses are based on a theoretical framework about fairness and literature on algorithm aversion. Data were collected through a vignette-style method focusing on four personnel selection scenarios (n = 921). Results: We show that provided explanations increase job applicants ’ perceptions of outcome fairness, process fairness, interpersonal treatment, and recommendation intention, irrespective of the decision being made by an AI or human. Discussion: We provide conclusions for algorithmic decision-making and discuss factors that need to be considered when adopting and designing AI so that AI is perceived as fair." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
KI und Beratung (2025)
Zitatform
Matthes, Britta (2025): KI und Beratung. In: Dvb-Forum, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 17-22., 2025-02-14.
Abstract
"Wie KI und andere digitale Technologien den Arbeitsmarkt verändern: Am IAB werden wir immer wieder danach gefragt, welche Berufe angesichts der rasanten technologischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre überhaupt noch Zukunft haben. Bislang hat man zur Beantwortung dieser Frage Prognosen zu Rate gezogen. Hier wurde anfangs – unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener relativ stabiler Faktoren wie dem Erwerbspersonenpotenzial, der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung oder der zu erwartenden Migration – hochgerechnet, wie sich die Zahl der Berufsanfänger auf die verschiedenen Berufe und Qualifikationsniveaus verteilt, wenn die Entwicklung sich wie in der Vergangenheit fortsetzen würde. Schon früh wurde jedoch deutlich, dass diese Faktoren weniger stabil sind als ursprünglich angenommen. Um diese Dynamik zu berücksichtigen, wurde dieser Ansatz erweitert, indem nunmehr Projektionen erstellt werden. Dazu werden Annahmen über die Folgen bestimmter, äußerst wahrscheinlicher Ereignisse oder Verhaltensweisen getroffen, für die sich (noch) keine langfristige Zahlenbasis finden lässt. So gibt die QuBe-Projektion einen langfristigen Überblick über die voraussichtliche Entwicklung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs und -angebotes nach Qualifikationen und Berufen unter einer Reihe von Annahmen über zum Beispiel die Folgen des Klimawandels oder den Ausbau der ökologischen Landwirtschaft. Außerdem werden anhand von Abweichungen zwischen diesem Basismodell und Szenarien die absehbaren Folgen bestimmter Vorhaben oder Ereignisse, wie zum Beispiel der Maßnahmen zur Energie- und -Mobilitätswende abgeschätzt (https://www.bibb.de/de/202333.php). Allerdings sind diese Modelle sehr komplex und es stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit solche Projektionen für die Bildungs- und Berufsberatung einzelner Personen sinnvoll genutzt werden können. Hinzu kommt derzeit, dass die technologische Entwicklung derart schnell voranschreitet, dass verstärkt mit Umwälzungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt gerechnet werden muss, die auch altbekannte Zusammenhänge in Frage stellen könnten. Für die einzelne Person steht die Frage im Raum, mit welchen Konsequenzen sie selbst rechnen muss, wenn neue Technologien zum Einsatz kommen: Reicht es aus, sich auf den aktuellen Wissensstand im eigenen Beruf zu bringen? Womit sollte man sich konkret beschäftigen, um den Anforderungen des Berufes weiterhin gewachsen zu sein? Ist es zielführender, sich beruflich neu zu orientieren?" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku, © wbv)
Weiterführende Informationen
Keynote für die Fachtagung "Digitalisierung in der Beratung reloaded" Mannheim, 28. November 2024 -
Literaturhinweis
Technological Change and the Upskilling of European Workers (2025)
Zitatform
McGuinness, Seamus, Paul Redmond, Konstantinos Pouliakas, Lorcan Kelly & Luke Brosnan (2025): Technological Change and the Upskilling of European Workers. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17753), Bonn, 22 S.
Abstract
"Using the second wave of the European Skills and Jobs survey, this paper measures the relationship between technological change that automates or augments workers' job tasks and their participation in work-related training. We find that 58 per cent of European employees experienced no change in the need to learn new technologies in their jobs during the 2020-21 period. Of those exposed to new digital technology, 14 per cent did not experience any change in job tasks, 10 per cent reported that new tasks had been created while 5 per cent only saw some of their tasks being displaced by new technology. The remaining 13 per cent simultaneously experienced both task displacement and task creation. Our analysis shows that employees in jobs impacted by new digital technologies are more likely to have to react to unpredictable situations, thus demonstrating a positive link between technologically driven task disruption and job complexity. We show a strong linear relationship between technologically driven job task disruption and the need for job-related training, with training requirements increasing the greater the impact of new technologies on task content." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Just another cog in the machine? A worker‐level view of robotization and tasks (2025)
Zitatform
Nikolova, Milena, Anthony Lepinteur & Femke Cnossen (2025): Just another cog in the machine? A worker‐level view of robotization and tasks. In: Economica, Jg. 92, H. 368, S. 1101-1148. DOI:10.1111/ecca.70006
Abstract
"Technological change has led to a decline in the share of routine and physical jobs, and a rise in the share of abstract and social ones at the economy level. However, much less is known about how these trends unfold at the individual level. Do workers' tasks become more or less routine and physical? Do workers shift towards more social and abstract activities? This paper is the first to explore these questions in the context of robotization. We use survey data from 20 European countries to develop worker-level indices of physical, routine, abstract and social tasks, which we link to industry-level robotization exposure. Using instrumental variable techniques, we find that robotization reduces physically demanding tasks but increases routine tasks, while also limiting opportunities for cognitively challenging work and human interaction. This study provides a worker-centric perspective on the relationship between technology and task composition, revealing insights that aggregate analyses miss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Humane work design: How does the digitization of work change core work characteristics in different occupations? (2025)
Ohly, Sandra ; Granica, Amina; Kühlewind, Niklas; Paetzold, Tobias; Herwig, Hannes; Vinhoven, Lana; Wiemers, Luisa; Zhang, Xi ;Zitatform
Ohly, Sandra, Amina Granica, Hannes Herwig, Niklas Kühlewind, Tobias Paetzold, Lana Vinhoven, Luisa Wiemers & Xi Zhang (2025): Humane work design: How does the digitization of work change core work characteristics in different occupations? In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 4, S. 569-580. DOI:10.1007/s41449-025-00491-4
Abstract
"Wenn vermehrt digitale Tools eingesetzt werden und Arbeit im Homeoffice stattfindet, verändern sich Arbeitsbedingungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert diese Veränderungen anhand von 8 Fällen und arbeitet Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede heraus. Die Prognose von Lernen, Wohlbefinden und Arbeitsleistung erlaubt es, Fehlentwicklungen in der Arbeitsgestaltungen abzuschätzen.Praktische Relevanz: Durch Aufmerksamkeit auf mögliche Fehlentwicklungen können Gegenmaßnahmen getroffen werden, etwa zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation und sozialen Unterstützung bei ortsverteilter Arbeit, oder der angepassten Gestaltung von KI-Systemen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Future-oriented occupations in the EU: main features, employment conditions, and job strain (2025)
Parent-Thirion, Agnes; Wukovits-Votzi, Nora; Muller, Jessye;Zitatform
Parent-Thirion, Agnes, Nora Wukovits-Votzi & Jessye Muller (2025): Future-oriented occupations in the EU. Main features, employment conditions, and job strain. 51 S. DOI:10.2767/2953537
Abstract
"The way we work is changing due to developments associated with the digital and green transition as well as demographic change, as a driver of current and future labour shortages. As these transitions impact job content, tasks and processes, they will change how people work, the skills needed to carry out jobs, employment conditions, and, ultimately, dimensions of their job quality. These transition-related changes in occupations are of high relevance for workers, job applicants, and students training to join these occupations, as well as stakeholders, and policy makers, at the sectoral, national, and European levels. While their impacts are separately treated in this analysis, the green and digital transitions can further exacerbate labour shortages given the skill profiles required by related occupations." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are Artificial Intelligence (AI) Skills a Reward or a Gamble? Deconstructing the AI Wage Premium in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Giulia Santangelo (2025): Are Artificial Intelligence (AI) Skills a Reward or a Gamble? Deconstructing the AI Wage Premium in Europe. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17607), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"Understanding the labor market impact of new, autonomous digital technologies, particularly generative or other forms of artificial intelligence (AI), is currently at the top of the research and policy agenda. Many initial studies, though not all, have shown that there is a wage premium to AI skills in labor markets. Such evidence tends to draw on data from web-based sources and typically deploys a keyword approach for identifying AI skills. This paper utilizes representative adult workforce data from 29 European countries, the second European skills and jobs survey, to examine wage differentials of the AI developer workforce. The latter is uniquely identified as part of the workforce that writes programs using AI algorithms. The analysis shows that, on average, AI developers enjoy a significant wage premium relative to a comparably educated or skilled workforce, such as programmers who do not yet write code using AI at work. Wage decomposition analysis further illustrates that there is a large unexplained component of such wage differential. Part of AI programmers' larger wage variability can be attributed to a greater performance-based component in their wage schedules and higher job-skill requirements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Skill Premium Across Countries in the Era of Industrial Robots and Generative AI (2025)
Zitatform
Ribeiro, Marcos J. & Klaus Prettner (2025): The Skill Premium Across Countries in the Era of Industrial Robots and Generative AI. (Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business 381), Wien, 29 S.
Abstract
"How do new technologies affect economic growth and the skill premium? To answer this question, we analyze the impact of industrial robots and artificial intelligence (AI) on the wage differential between low-skill and high-skill workers across 52 countries using counterfactual simulations. In so doing, we extend the nested CES production function framework of Bloom et al. (2025) to account for cross-country income heterogeneity. Confirming prior findings, we Show that the use of industrial robots tends to increase wage inequality, while the use of AI tends to reduce it. Our contribution lies in documenting substantial heterogeneity across income groups: the inequality-increasing effect of robots and the inequality-reducing effects of AI are particularly strong in high-income countries, while they are less pronounced among middle- and lower-middle income countries. In addition, we show that both technologies boost economic growth. In terms of policy recommendations, our findings suggest that investments in education and skill-upgrading can simultaneously raise average incomes and mitigate the negative effects of automation on wage inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European regional employment and exposure to labour-saving technical change: results from a direct text similarity measure (2025)
Zitatform
Riccio, Federico, Jacopo Staccioli & Maria Enrica Virgillito (2025): European regional employment and exposure to labour-saving technical change: results from a direct text similarity measure. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2025/19), Pisa, 34 S. DOI:10.57838/sssa/02jp-b197
Abstract
"Does labor-saving technological change pose a threat to European employment, and if so, to what extent? This study investigates the degree of employment exposure to labor-saving technological change across NUTS-2 regions in Europe. We construct a cross-walked metric between the SOC and ISCO classification systems to adapt the direct measure of occupational exposure developed by Montobbio et al. (2024) for the US economy and apply it to the European context. This methodology enables us to generate detailed insights into the exposure of European occupations by leveraging the similarity rankings between technological classifications in the USPTO (CPCs) and task descriptions. To evaluate the transmission from occupational exposure to employment outcomes, we utilise data from the European Structure of Earnings Survey (EU-SES), thereby constructing exposure indices at both sectoral and regional levels. Finally, we examine the industrial and geographical diffusion of labor-saving technological change in recent years and provide robust econometric evidence indicating that low-wage regions, as well as deindustrialising areas heavily integrated into global value chains, are disproportionately vulnerable to the threat of substitution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Continuous vocational education and training and new technologies: on the importance of educational level and technology in the workplace (2025)
Zitatform
Stöckl, Andreas & Olaf Struck (2025): Continuous vocational education and training and new technologies: on the importance of educational level and technology in the workplace. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 59. DOI:10.1186/s12651-025-00398-x
Abstract
"Continuing vocational education and training (CVET) can support technical and digital developments. At the same time, company-based training increases employability in the face of technical rationalization. Multiple studies show that the highly qualified undertake further training more often than the less qualified. This increases their educational and employment inequality. However, it is unclear whether this general finding also applies to participation in CVET when new technologies are introduced in companies. Companies could have an interest in the deployment of all their employees. The introduction of new technologies in a company context could lead to people with professional qualifications as well as those with higher qualifications taking part in CVET. Using the Linked Personnel Panel (LPP) and the IAB Establishment Panel, we investigate whether the participation of employees with university-level education and upper secondary vocational education differ if the participation in CVET is attributed directly to the introduction of technology in the workplace. The outcomes show that the more highly qualified use forms of self-study more frequently. However, there are only marginal differences between highly qualified and professionally qualified employees when it comes to the use of courses as part of in-house training." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.LPP1819.de.en.v1
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- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen