Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Coparenting and conflicts between work and family: Between-within analysis of German mothers and fathers (2024)
Zitatform
Adams, Ayhan (2024): Coparenting and conflicts between work and family: Between-within analysis of German mothers and fathers. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 36, S. 262-282. DOI:10.20377/jfr-1013
Abstract
"Objective: The study examines the relationship between coparenting conflicts and work-to-family/family-to-work conflicts for employed mothers and fathers. Background: The presence of children exacerbates the compatibility of work and duties of the private life for working parents. Working along similar lines in terms of parenting seems to be necessary to cope with these challenges. Still, a few studies have focused on the relationship between coparenting and interrole conflicts. Method: The quantitative analysis draws on longitudinal data from waves 6 to 10 of the German Family Panel, comprising N=3,608 observations of 1,377 individuals. The study employs between-within regression models to examine the inter- and intraindividual associations of coparenting conflicts and work-to-family/family-to-work conflicts. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant association between the level of coparenting conflicts and both, work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. Additionally, changes in coparenting conflicts are associated with changes in family-to-work conflicts. Interestingly, the interaction between the level of coparenting conflicts and gender shows that the associations with interrole conflicts are more pronounced for fathers than mothers. Conclusion: The study provides insights into the interrelatedness between the parental coparenting relationship and the compatibility of work and family. The results underscore the significant relationship between coparenting conflicts and interrole conflicts for mothers and fathers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental Leave: Economic Incentives and Cultural Change (2024)
Albrecht, James ; Vroman, Susan ; Fernández, Raquel ; Edin, Per-Anders ; Thoursie, Peter; Lee, Jiwon;Zitatform
Albrecht, James, Per-Anders Edin, Raquel Fernández, Jiwon Lee, Peter Thoursie & Susan Vroman (2024): Parental Leave: Economic Incentives and Cultural Change. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 32839), Cambridge, Mass, 49 S.
Abstract
"The distribution of parental leave uptake and childcare activities continues to conform to traditional gender roles. In 2002, with the goal of increasing gender equality, Sweden added a second “daddy month,” i.e., an additional month of pay-related parental leave reserved exclusively for each parent. This policy increased men's parental leave uptake and decreased women's, thereby increasing men's share. To understand how various factors contributed to these outcomes, we develop and estimate a quantitative model of the household in which preferences towards parental leave respond to peer behavior. We distinguish households by the education of the parents and ask the model to match key features of the parental leave distribution before and after the reform by gender and household type (the parents' education). We find that changed incentives and, especially, changed social norms played an important role in generating these outcomes whereas changed wage parameters, including the future wage penalty associated with different lengths of parental leave uptake, were minor contributors. We then use our model to evaluate three counterfactual policies designed to increase men's share of parental leave and conclude that giving each parent a non-transferable endowment of parental leave or only paying for the length of time equally taken by each parent would both dramatically increase men's share whereas decreasing childcare costs has almost no effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Für Mütter im Grundsicherungsbezug ist Kinderbetreuung der mit Abstand wichtigste Grund für die Freistellung von der Arbeitssuche (2024)
Artmann, Elisabeth;Zitatform
Artmann, Elisabeth (2024): Für Mütter im Grundsicherungsbezug ist Kinderbetreuung der mit Abstand wichtigste Grund für die Freistellung von der Arbeitssuche. In: IAB-Forum H. 02.09.2024, 2024-09-02. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240902.01
Abstract
"Alleinerziehende mit minderjährigen Kindern sind häufiger auf Leistungen der Grundsicherung angewiesen als Paare mit Kindern. Alleinerziehende Mütter sind in solchen Fällen nach eigenen Angaben häufiger als Mütter und seltener als Väter in Paar-Bedarfsgemeinschaften zur Arbeitssuche verpflichtet. Diese Unterschiede resultieren im Wesentlichen aus der Altersverteilung der Kinder. Für Mütter ist Kinderbetreuung mit Abstand der wichtigste Grund, warum sie von der Arbeitssuche freigestellt sind. Bei Vätern hingegen sind gesundheitliche Einschränkungen oder das Absolvieren einer Ausbildung die wichtigsten Freistellungsgründe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Artmann, Elisabeth; -
Literaturhinweis
Trapped in the care burden: occupational downward mobility of Italian couples after childbirth (2024)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Teresa, Michele Bavaro & Valeria Cirillo (2024): Trapped in the care burden: occupational downward mobility of Italian couples after childbirth. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1475), Essen, 36 S.
Abstract
"How does childbirth impact the career paths of men and women within the same household? To what extent does the unpaid care work related to this event contribute to the downward mobility experienced by women in a highly flexible labour market like Italy? Drawing on feminist and labour market studies, this article examines how caregiving responsibilities, particularly childcare, influence downward employment transitions for men and women in couples, specifically from full-time to part-time, from higher-paid to lower-paid jobs, and from employment to unemployment. The study also employs latent class analysis to map out variations in within-household inequality experienced after childbirth among couples. To achieve this, we utilize a unique survey-administrative linked dataset. The findings highlight significant penalties faced by women, not only immediately after childbirth but persisting for up to three years afterwards. Moreover, the latent class analysis reveals a small proportion of pro-female households compared to egalitarian and pro-male classes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What (wo)men want? Evidence from a factorial survey on preferred work hours in couples after childbirth (2024)
Zitatform
Begall, Katia (2024): What (wo)men want? Evidence from a factorial survey on preferred work hours in couples after childbirth. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 342-356. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcad054
Abstract
"The division of labour remains persistently gendered, in particular among couples with children. Previous research shows that women’s lower economic resources are an important factor driving these inequalities, but because gender and (relative) earnings are highly correlated in male–female couples, their relative importance is difficult to disentangle with observational data. Using a factorial survey conducted among approximately 700 employed men and women of childbearing age in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, the contribution of relative earnings and gender in explaining work-care divisions in couples with children is disentangled. The results show that men and women do not differ in their preferences for their own work hours after childbirth, but both prefer the father to work more hours than the mother. Moreover, the combination of own and partners’ preferred hours shows that men and women in all three countries prefer a modified male-breadwinner model after childbirth in scenarios where the male partner earns more or partners have equal earnings. Preferences for egalitarian divisions of labour appear to be slightly stronger in men compared to women and respondents with more egalitarian views on care tasks show less gender-specialization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs (2024)
Zitatform
Bergemann, Annette, Stephan Brunow & Isabel Stockton (2024): There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16890), Bonn, 67 S.
Abstract
"We estimate female and male workers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce commuting distance in Germany, using a partial-equilibrium model of job search with non-wage job attributes. Commuting costs have implications not just for congestion policy, spatial planning and transport infrastructure provision, but are also relevant to our understanding of gender differences in labour market biographies. For estimation, we use a stratified partial likelihood model on a large administrative dataset for West Germany to flexibly account for both unobserved individual heterogeneity and changes dependent on wages and children. We find that an average female childless worker is willing to give up daily €0.27 per kilometre (0.4% of the daily wage) to reduce commuting distance at the margin. The average men's marginal willingness to pay is similar to childless women's over a large range of wages. However, women's marginal willingness to pay more than doubles after the birth of a child contributing substantially to the motherhood wage gap. A married mixed-sex couple's sample indicates that husbands try to avoid commuting shorter distances than their wives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The educational gradient in formal childcare use – the role of employment opportunities and (in)formal childcare availability (2024)
Zitatform
Biegel, Naomi & Julie Maes (2024): The educational gradient in formal childcare use – the role of employment opportunities and (in)formal childcare availability. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2022.2149387
Abstract
"This paper investigates three potential mechanisms of educational differentials in formal childcare uptake in Belgium, a country characterised by high availability, but also pronounced gradients in childcare uptake. We investigate whether and to what extent educational differentials can be accounted for by (i) differences in employment opportunities of mothers with different educational backgrounds, (ii) variation in local childcare availability which may entail different access, or (iii) differential availability of grandparents as an alternative source of affordable and flexible care. We use data from the 2011 Belgian census, which provides us with information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the entire population legally residing in Belgium. The census was linked to tax register data which gives insight into the uptake of formal childcare as childcare expenses are tax-deductible, as well as municipality-level data on childcare availability. Using logistic regression analysis, we investigate the uptake of formal childcare among two-parent families with one child younger than 2.5 years old. Results indicate that educational gradients are mainly due to differences in employment opportunities rather than differential availability of formal childcare at the local level or informal childcare availability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who is affected by parental leave reforms? Women's selection into different parental leave lengths across recent policy reforms in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Bister, Lara, Peter Eibich & Roberta Rutigliano (2024): Who is affected by parental leave reforms? Women's selection into different parental leave lengths across recent policy reforms in Germany. In: Genus : Journal of Population Sciences, Jg. 80. DOI:10.1186/s41118-024-00221-4
Abstract
"Public parental leave schemes aim to facilitate women’s reconciliation of family and employment after their transition into motherhood. While parental leave policies underwent several reforms over the past decades, adapting to changing female labor market participation and family cultures, the available entitlements are not tailored to women’s individual circumstances and needs. Itremains unclear how these affect the women’s parental leave uptake, particularly the leave length. In this paper, we followed an exploratory and descriptive approach to study the selection of women into different parental leave lengths with changing public parental leave entitlements in Germany and according to their individual characteristics. We use data from the German Statutory Pension Fund on 29,001 women born between 1955 and 1984 who had their first child between 1991 and 2016 at the ages 20–39. We estimate linear regression and discrete-time proportional hazard models to examine associations between women’s characteristics and their length of leave. We identify the effects of two major parental leave reforms in Germany in 1992 and 2007 in a Regression Discontinuity Design. Our results show that the general extension of available parental leave entitlements in 1992 increased the likelihood of women’s parental leave uptake between 25 and 36 months. For women who became mothers at an older age, had a high income before transitioning into motherhood, or with higher education; however, the likelihood of parental leave uptake of 2 months increased. The reform of 2007 led to an increased likelihood of leave uptake longer than 2 months for these women. These findings suggest that women with a higher labor market attachment have responded more strongly to the changes in parental leave benefits in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beliefs About Maternal Labor Supply (2024)
Zitatform
Boneva, Teodora, Marta Golin, Katja Kaufmann & Christopher Rauh (2024): Beliefs About Maternal Labor Supply. (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 517), Bonn, 86 S.
Abstract
"We provide representative evidence on the perceived returns to maternal labor supply. A mother's decision to work is perceived to have sizable impacts on child skills, family outcomes, and the mother's future labor market outcomes. Beliefs about the impact of additional household income can account for some, but not all, of the perceived positive effects. Perceived returns are predictive of labor supply intentions under different policy scenarios related to childcare availability and quality, two factors that are also perceived as important. An information experiment reveals that providing information about benefits of mothers working causally affects labor supply intentions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Remote Work, Gender Ideologies, and Fathers’ Participation in Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2024)
Zitatform
Carlson, Daniel L., Skye McPherson & Richard J. Petts (2024): Remote Work, Gender Ideologies, and Fathers’ Participation in Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 13, H. 3. DOI:10.3390/socsci13030166
Abstract
"During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work became the new reality for many fathers. Though time availability theory suggests that this newfound flexibility should lead to more domestic labor on the part of fathers, many were skeptical that fathers would step up to shoulder the load at home. Indeed, the findings are decidedly mixed on the association of fathers’ remote work with their performance of housework and childcare. Nonetheless, research has yet to consider how contextual factors, such as fathers ’ gender ideologies and mothers’ employment, may condition these associations. Using data from Wave 1 of the Study on U.S. Parents’ Divisions of Labor During COVID-19 (SPDLC), we examine how gender ideology moderates the association between fathers’ remote work and their performance and share of childcare during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in both sole-earner and dual-earner families. The results show, for sole-earning fathers and dual-earner fathers with egalitarian gender attitudes, that the frequency of remote work was positively associated with fathers performing more, and a greater share of, childcare during the pandemic. Yet, only dual-earner fathers with egalitarian gender attitudes performed an equal share of childcare in their families. These findings suggest that the pandemic provided structural opportunities for fathers, particularly egalitarian-minded fathers, to be the equally engaged parents they desired." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Trade-offs in intergenerational family care provision (2024)
Zitatform
Carney, Monica Harber (2024): Trade-offs in intergenerational family care provision. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 563-593. DOI:10.1007/s11150-023-09668-4
Abstract
"With an aging U.S. population, there is an increasing need for elderly care. One aspect of family care that is poorly understood is the trade-off for the generation of grandparents between the provision of care and support for their elderly parents and provision of care for their grandchildren. I evaluate the impact of a parent's death on the likelihood of an individual providing child care to grandchildren using the Health and Retirement Study and find that such a death leads to an increase in the likelihood of child care, suggesting that many grandparents would provide child care services if they did not have prior elderly care and support obligations. There is a positive effect of this additional care of grandchildren on fertility for individuals' only daughters and daughters who do not live within 10 miles of grandparents. However, there is no increase in labor force participation for these groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market gender gaps and childcare policies in countries with different social investment strategies (2024)
Chłoń-Domińczak, Agnieszka ; Magda, Iga ; Kotowska, Irena E. ; Bolesta, Karolina ; Strzelecki, Paweł ; Smyk-Szymańska, Magdalena;Zitatform
Chłoń-Domińczak, Agnieszka, Irena E. Kotowska, Iga Magda, Magdalena Smyk-Szymańska, Paweł Strzelecki & Karolina Bolesta (2024): Labour market gender gaps and childcare policies in countries with different social investment strategies. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 4, S. 583-604. DOI:10.1111/spol.13031
Abstract
"We study the role of formal and informal childcare within the ECEC policies for gender employment and pay gaps, considering the life course stages distinctive for childcare tasks. The ECEC policies are framed within the types of social investment strategies identified in the EU countries to picture developments in social investments after 2005. The aggregated EU-SILC data from 2005 to 2019 for 27 European countries have been used in the panel regression models to uncover how the caring arrangements influence labor market gendered outcomes of women at different ages (15–24, 25–49, 50–65). We find that better provision and use of early education and childcare not only contribute to early investment in human capital but it also facilitates mothers' employment and thus contributes to lowering gender employment and pay gaps. However, better coverage of care for children older than 3 years old results in negative employment effects for grandmothers. These effects vary also across countries, depending on their overall institutional setting depicted by the types of social investment strategies distinguished. Consequently, the ECEC agenda should be extended by addressing the employment of women at the pre-retirement age. It is crucial not only for reducing gender gap in employment and pay but also in the light of challenges generated by demographic developments —the labor force shrinking and the population ageing processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental well-being when children move out: a panel study on short- and long-term effects (2024)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Andreas Eberl & Tobias Wolbring (2024): Parental well-being when children move out: a panel study on short- and long-term effects. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 62, 2024-11-03. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100643
Abstract
"This article investigates the effect of adult children leaving the parental home on parental well-being. Adult children moving out is an important event in parents' lives. However, it is theoretically unclear whether parental well-being decreases or increases from children moving out. On the one hand, children moving out can relieve parents' burdens and reduce stress exposure affecting well-being positively. On the other hand, it leads to a change in parental roles, with adverse consequences for parental well-being. This study uses long-running panel data (1991-2016) from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to investigate the relationship between child moves and parental well-being using fixed effects dummy impact functions. The findings suggest that differentiating between first and empty nest moves is important when investigating the effects of children moving out of the parental home on parental well-being, as only the first move shows a long-lasting negative effect on parental well-being. Furthermore, the effects are strongest for respondents who have work arrangements in line with traditional gender roles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early Home Visiting Delivery Model and Maternal and Child Mental Health at Primary School Age (2024)
Zitatform
Conti, Gabriella, Sören Kliem & Malte Sandner (2024): Early Home Visiting Delivery Model and Maternal and Child Mental Health at Primary School Age. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 114, S. 401-406., 2024-01-24. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20241087
Abstract
"We study the impacts of a prenatal and infancy home visiting program targeting disadvantaged families on mental health outcomes, assessed through diagnostic interviews. The program significantly reduced the prevalence of mental health conditions for both mothers and children, measured at primary-school age, and broke the intergenerational association of these conditions. The impacts are predominantly associated with a particular delivery model, wherein a single home visitor interacts with the family, as opposed to a model involving two home visitors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time use, college attainment, and the working-from-home revolution (2024)
Cowan, Benjamin;Zitatform
Cowan, Benjamin (2024): Time use, college attainment, and the working-from-home revolution. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 37. DOI:10.1007/s00148-024-01036-5
Abstract
"I demonstrate that the profound change in working from home (WFH) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic is concentrated among individuals with college degrees. Relative to 2015–2019, the number of minutes worked from home on “post-pandemic” (August 2021–December 2022) weekdays increased by 78 min for college graduates; for non-graduates, the increase was 22 min. The share of work done at home (for those who worked at all) increased by 22% for graduates and 7% for non-graduates. I examine how time-use patterns change for college graduates relative to non-graduates over the same period. Average minutes worked changed little for either group. Daily time spent traveling (e.g., commuting) fell by 21 min for college graduates and 6 min for non-graduates. College graduates experience a relative shift from eating out to eating at home, an increase in free time, and an increase in time spent with children, with the latter effect concentrated among fathers. Thus, while the gender gap in childcare among college graduates may be diminished by the WFH revolution, gaps in children's outcomes by parents' college attainment may be exacerbated by it." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A quantitative theory of the new life cycle of women's employment (2024)
Zitatform
Cruces, Lidia (2024): A quantitative theory of the new life cycle of women's employment. In: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. DOI:10.1016/j.jedc.2024.104960
Abstract
""A new life cycle of women's labor force participation has emerged" (Goldin and Mitchell, 2017). Compared to previous cohorts, the employment profile of American college-educated married women born after the mid-1950s is flatter and higher with no hump but with a dip in the middle between ages 30-39. At the same time, these younger cohorts have delayed births, but their completed fertility rate has increased. I develop a quantitative theory to explain the changes in college-educated women's employment and fertility decisions across cohorts. First, I provide reduced-form evidence of a positive correlation between fertility and employment decisions. Second, I build a life-cycle model of labor supply and fertility decisions. My estimates indicate that the marginal returns to experience of college-educated married women increased by 33 percent. Although on-the-job accumulation of experience plays a crucial role in generating employment shifts and birth delays, the model does not generate an increase in the total fertility rate in the absence of infertility treatments. Thus, to understand why college-educated married women's life-cycle employment profiles and fertility decisions are changing, both factors must be considered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Converging mothers’ employment trajectories between East and West Germany? A focus on the 2008-childcare-reform (2024)
Zitatform
Fauser, Sophia, Emanuela Struffolino & Asaf Levanon (2024): Converging mothers’ employment trajectories between East and West Germany? A focus on the 2008-childcare-reform. (SocArXiv papers), 24 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/kcgpm
Abstract
"Looking at a period of childcare expansion, we investigate East-West differences in employment trajectories around first childbirth in Germany over time to identify potential convergence. During Germany’s division (1945-1990), universal public childcare and female full-time employment were the norm in East Germany, while the male breadwinner model was dominant in the West. Even several years after reunification, East-West differences in women’s labor force behavior persist, although they are declining. In 2008, a widespread reform targeted the expansion of childcare availability to facilitate mother’s employment. We use sequence analysis methods to investigate East-West differences in mother’s employment trajectories around childbirth, comparing pre- (1990-2007) and post-reform (2008-2021) years. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1990-2021), the analysis comprises 355 East and 976 West German first-time mothers. Before the reform, employment trajectories between East and West German mothers differed in terms of timing and duration of employment states. After the reform, these differences decreased. Further analysis shows a convergence in the prevalence of post-birth part-time employment, nonetheless longer maternity leave is still more prevalent for West German and full-time employment for East German mothers. Employment trajectories of East and West German mothers have converged over the years. While childcare expansion might be contributing to this development, we still observe important East-West differences, especially regarding post-birth full-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zwischen (Rechts-)Anspruch und Realität: Soziale Selektivität in der Kindertagesförderung (2024)
Fischer, Sandra; Glaser, Stella; Stöbe-Blossey, Sybille;Zitatform
Fischer, Sandra, Stella Glaser & Sybille Stöbe-Blossey (2024): Zwischen (Rechts-)Anspruch und Realität: Soziale Selektivität in der Kindertagesförderung. (IAQ-Report 2024-06), Duisburg ; Essen, 22 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/82094
Abstract
"Mit altersgruppenbezogenen Rechtsansprüchen auf Kindertagesförderung wird im deutschen Sozialstaat ein universeller Ansatz verfolgt. Insbesondere Kindern aus sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Familien soll durch die Teilhabe an Kindertagesförderung eine Grundlage für bessere Bildungschancen geschaffen werden. Analysen zeigen jedoch, dass gerade diese Gruppen unterproportional vom Kita-Ausbau profitieren und trotz Betreuungswunsch der Eltern besonders häufig keinen Platz erhalten. Die Kosten stellen vor allem für Familien mit geringem Erwerbseinkommen eine Teilhabehürde dar. Auch fehlen benachteiligten Gruppen oftmals die nötigen Informationen, um ihre Interessen bei der Konkurrenz um knappe Plätze durchzusetzen, zumal es für Kita-Träger wenig Anreize gibt, die Bedarfe dieser Gruppen zu berücksichtigen. Für die Stärkung von Teilhabe kommt es vor allem darauf an, subtil wirkende Mechanismen im Kita-System zu verstehen und auf dieser Basis Lösungsansätze zu entwickeln." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Money Matters! Evidence From a Survey Experiment on Attitudes Toward Maternal Employment Across Contexts in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Frodermann, Corinna, Lena Hipp & Mareike Bünning (2024): Money Matters! Evidence From a Survey Experiment on Attitudes Toward Maternal Employment Across Contexts in Germany. In: Gender & Society, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 436-465., 2024-01-15. DOI:10.1177/08912432241252601
Abstract
"This paper examines the context dependency of attitudes toward maternal employment. We test three sets of factors that may affect these attitudes - economic benefits, normative obligations, and child-related consequences - by analyzing data from a unique survey experimental design implemented in a large-scale household panel survey in Germany (17,388 observations from 3,494 respondents). Our results show that the economic benefits associated with maternal employment are the most important predictor of attitudes supporting maternal employment. Moreover, we find that attitudes toward maternal employment vary by individual, household, and contextual characteristics (in particular, childcare quality). We interpret this variation as an indication that negative attitudes toward maternal employment do not necessarily reflect gender essentialism; rather, gender role attitudes are contingent upon the frames individuals have in mind." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Gender Division of Work across Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Gottlieb, Charles, Cheryl Doss, Douglas Gollin & Markus Poschke (2024): The Gender Division of Work across Countries. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16896), Bonn, 64 S.
Abstract
"Across countries, women and men allocate time differently between market work, domestic services, and care work. In this paper, we document the gender division of work, drawing on a new harmonized data set that provides us with high-quality time use data for 50 countries spanning the global income distribution. A striking feature of the data is the wide dispersion across countries at similar income levels. We use these data to motivate a macroeconomic model of household time use in which country-level allocations are shaped by wages and a set of "wedges" that resemble productivity, preferences, and disutilities. Taking the model to country-level observations, we find that a wedge related to the disutility of market work for women plays a crucial role in generating the observed dispersion of outcomes, particularly for middle-income countries. Variation in the division of non-market work is principally shaped by a wedge indicating greater disutility for men, which is especially large in some low- and middle-income countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug