Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Antinomies of flexibilization and atypical employment in Mediterranean Europe: Greek, Italian and Spanish regions during the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Gialis, Stelios & Lila Leontidou (2016): Antinomies of flexibilization and atypical employment in Mediterranean Europe. Greek, Italian and Spanish regions during the crisis. In: European Urban and Regional Studies, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 716-733. DOI:10.1177/0969776414538983
Abstract
"Until recently, Mediterranean countries were called on by European Union officials to provide for a 'less-rigid' regulatory framework, in order to enhance 'flexicurity'. This paper critically examines post-2008 flexibilization trends by focusing on Spanish, Italian and Greek regions. Starting from a contextualization of atypical employment and security, it then moves in a twofold direction; firstly, it presents the Flexible Contractual Arrangements and Active Labour Market Policies composite indicators, calculated for the NUTS-II regions of 12 member states for 2008 and 2011. These indicators reveal the changing ranking, especially of the Greek regions, towards higher labour market flexibility and relatively low levels of employability security; secondly, it focuses on the changing forms of atypical labour in the six regions that host the capital and the most important port city of Greece, Italy and Spain, respectively, by offering data on the expansion of flexible arrangements therein. The uneven flexibilization trends found in the study regions are seen as an outcome of the interaction between the general devaluation trends, different backgrounds and regionally specific patterns of labour market adjustment, while employment is found to be neither 'rigid' nor 'flexicure'. The paper concludes with some remarks on the relation between post-2008 dismantling of local labour regimes, restructuring and flexicurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa: Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung (2016)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2016): Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa. Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung. (WSI study 01), Düsseldorf, 57 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergangen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, sowie einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets: an occupational perspective (2015)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Paul Marx (Hrsg.) (2015): Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets. An occupational perspective. Cheltenham: Elgar, 435 S. DOI:10.4337/9781781001721
Abstract
"Examining the occupational variation within non-standard employment, this book combines case studies and comparative writing to illustrate how and why alternative occupational employment patterns are formed.
Non-standard employment has grown significantly in most developed economies, varying between countries. Different institutional settings have been deemed accountable for this variation, although inadequate consideration has been given to differences within national labour markets. Through an occupational perspective, this book contends that patterns of non-standard employment are shaped by flexibility in hiring and firing practices and the dispensability of workers' skills. The framework integrates explanations based on labour market regulation, industrial relations and skill supply, filling the gaps in previous scholastic research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Mit Reformen gegen die Jobmisere: Rückenwind für den italienischen Arbeitsmarkt? (2015)
Zitatform
Mendolicchio, Concetta & Regina Konle-Seidl (2015): Mit Reformen gegen die Jobmisere: Rückenwind für den italienischen Arbeitsmarkt? In: IAB-Forum H. 2, S. 14-19., 2015-11-30. DOI:10.3278/IFO1502W014
Abstract
"Italien krankt, ähnlich wie Deutschland zu Beginn der 2000er Jahre, an einer tiefgreifenden Jobmisere. Mit dem 'Jobs Act' hat sich die Regierung Renzi eine umfassende, aber auch umstrittene Arbeitsmarktreform auf die Fahnen geschrieben. Kernstück ist die Reform des Kündigungsschutzes. Mit der Einführung eines einheitlichen Arbeitsvertrages soll die ausgeprägte Spaltung des Arbeitsmarktes in geschützte, unbefristete Arbeitsplätze einerseits und zeitlich befristete, prekäre Jobs andererseits überwunden werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert?: ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern (2015)
Schulze Buschoff, Karin;Zitatform
Schulze Buschoff, Karin (2015): "Atypische Beschäftigung" wird normal, aber haben die Rentensysteme bereits reagiert? Ein Vergleich von sechs europäischen Ländern. (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Perspektive), Berlin, 9 S.
Abstract
"- Mehr als ein Drittel der europäischen Erwerbstätigen arbeiten inzwischen in 'atypischen ' Beschäftigungsformen, Tendenz steigend. Insofern bereits 'normal' geworden sind beispielsweise in den Niederlanden die Teilzeitbeschäftigung, in Italien die Solo-Selbstständigkeit und in Polen die befristete Beschäftigung sowie Werkverträge.
- Die Einkommen von atypisch Beschäftigten liegen in der Regel unter dem Durchschnitt. Atypisch beschäftigt sind vor allem Frauen. Nur im Bereich der Solo-Selbstständigkeit sind die Männer in der Mehrzahl, Frauen holen jedoch auch hier auf.
- Atypische Beschäftigungen sind mit einer hohen Dynamik, das heißt einer Vielzahl von Übergängen von einer Beschäftigungsform zu einer anderen, einem erhöhten Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko und entsprechend diskontinuierlichem Einkommen verbunden. Dies hat besondere Implikationen für die soziale Sicherung, vor allem für die Alterssicherung.
- Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheinen Alterssicherungssysteme überlegen, die unabhängig von der Erwerbsbiografie eine (armutsvermeidende ) Grundsicherung gewährleisten (gute Beispiele Niederlande und Dänemark, schlechtes Beispiel Großbritannien). Zunehmend problematisch werden staatliche Alterssicherungssysteme, die sich stark am Äquivalenzprinzip orientieren, beitragsbezogen und versicherungsbasiert sind (Polen, Italien und Deutschland).
- Gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsrechte für 'atypisch Beschäftigte' sind oftmals rechtlich eingeschränkt, nicht nur in Programmländern der Troika wurden sie in den letzten Jahren noch weiter reduziert. In jüngerer Zeit lassen sich jedoch eine Anzahl von erfolgversprechenden gewerkschaftlichen Strategien im Umgang mit atypischer und oftmals prekärer Beschäftigung identifizieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
English version -
Literaturhinweis
Dual labour markets and (lack of) on-the-job training: PIAAC evidence from Spain and other EU countries (2014)
Zitatform
Cabrales, Antonio, Juan J. Dolado & Ricardo Mora (2014): Dual labour markets and (lack of) on-the-job training. PIAAC evidence from Spain and other EU countries. (IZA discussion paper 8649), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Using the Spanish micro data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we first document how the excessive gap in employment protection between indefinite and temporary workers leads to large differentials in on-the-job training (OTJ) against the latter. Next, we find that that the lower specific training received by temporary workers is correlated with lower literacy and numeracy scores achieved in the PIAAC study. Finally, we provide further PIAAC cross-country evidence showing that OJT gaps are quite lower in those European labour markets where dualism is less entrenched than in those where it is more extended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Insecure, sick and unhappy? Well-being consequences of temporary employment contracts (2014)
Carrieri, Vincenzo; Robone, Silvana; Jacobs, Rowena; Di Novi, Cinzia;Zitatform
Carrieri, Vincenzo, Cinzia Di Novi, Rowena Jacobs & Silvana Robone (2014): Insecure, sick and unhappy? Well-being consequences of temporary employment contracts. In: S. W. Polachek & K. Tatsiramos (Hrsg.) (2014): Factors affecting worker well-being : the impact of change in the labor market. (Research in labor economics, 40), S. 157-193. DOI:10.1108/S0147-912120140000040006
Abstract
"This paper investigates the influences of temporary contracts along several dimensions of well-being (physical and mental health, self-assessed health and happiness) for young Italian workers. Our paper contributes to the literature exploring some new aspects of the relationship between temporary jobs and well-being in a country not frequently analysed in previous literature. We focus on the gender gap in the well-being consequences of non-permanent jobs, the influence of financial support by family in reducing well-being effects caused by temporary contracts and the interaction between gender gap and family support. We find that temporary contracts are damaging in terms of psychological health and happiness mostly for young men and individuals without family economic support. On the other hand, women's mental health is not affected by temporary contracts and they are even better off in terms of their mental health and well-being when receiving family economic support." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market intermediaries make the world smaller (2014)
Gianelle, Carlo;Zitatform
Gianelle, Carlo (2014): Labor market intermediaries make the world smaller. In: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Jg. 24, H. 5, S. 951-981. DOI:10.1007/s00191-014-0373-5
Abstract
"This paper uses network analysis to study how employment intermediaries have influenced inter-firm worker mobility in a region of Italy, in response to a 1997 reform that introduced temporary employment agencies. Worker reallocations from a matched employer-employee dataset are mapped onto a directed graph where the vertices are firms and the links denote transfers of workers between firms. Temporary employment agencies significantly improve network integration and practicability, while rapidly increasing the control over mobility channels. The trade off inherent in intermediation activity is captured and discussed. The potential of network analysis as a tool for monitoring regional labor markets is highlighted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexible wage contracts, temporary jobs, and firm performance: evidence from Italian firms (2013)
Zitatform
Battisti, Michele & Giovanna Vallanti (2013): Flexible wage contracts, temporary jobs, and firm performance. Evidence from Italian firms. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 737-764. DOI:10.1111/irel.12031
Abstract
"This study focuses on the effects of decentralized wage schemes and temporary forms of employment on firm performance. The effect of monetary incentives on workers' effort and firm performance is a central topic in economics. According to the principal-agent paradigm, firms (the principal) have to link employees' remuneration schemes to any verifiable indicator of performance to avoid opportunistic behavior. The empirical evidence shows that financial incentives have the potential to exert strong effects on indicators of firm performance, such as productivity and worker absenteeism, although the degree of effectiveness of such schemes varies significantly according to the institutional/economic context in which firms operate. From both a theoretical and empirical point of view, the prediction on the effects of temporary types of employment on effort and productivity is less neat. In light of these considerations, this study uses a sample of Italian firms to provide further empirical evidence on whether and to what extent performance- related pay schemes and contract flexibility affect workers' effort (in terms of absenteeism) and, in turn, firm productivity. These effects are analyzed for different types of workers (white collar vs. blue collar), working in workplaces characterized by a different degree of uncertainty and risk and in firms operating in different economic and institutional settings. Our results show that wage flexibility has a significant effect on effort and then on firm's productivity and that white-collar workers are more responsive to monetary incentives than blue-collar workers. Moreover, the presence of a large share of temporary contracts, implying a lower dismissal probability for permanent workers and a deterioration of the working environment, appears to reduce workers' motivation and effort." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment and quality of work: the case of Italy (2012)
Addabbo, Tindara ; Barbieri, Gianna; Neri, Andrea; Origo, Federica ; Addabbo, Tindara ; Picchio, Matteo ; Bratti, Massimiliano ; Russo, Giovanni ; Casadio, Piero; Samek Lodovici, Manuela; Favaro, Donata ; Sestito, Paolo; Lo Conte, Martina; Staffolani, Stefano ; Solinas, Giovanni ; Tattara, l Giuseppe; Burchell, Brendan J.; Valentini, Marco ; Hooft, Edwin van; Depedri, Sara; Lucidi, Federico;Zitatform
Addabbo, Tindara & Giovanni Solinas (Hrsg.) (2012): Non-standard employment and quality of work. The case of Italy. (AIEL series in labour economics), Berlin: Springer London, 285 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-7908-2106-2
Abstract
"The international literature on non-standard employment has mostly focussed on its impact on employment, and more recently on working and living conditions. This volume explores these issues with special reference to Italy. Italy is characterized by very low participation rates (particularly women's), a high degree of fragmentation of labour contracts and a very intense non-standard work diffusion that make this context a particularly interesting case for analysis. New elements of discussion are provided with reference to the interaction of non-standard work, employment probability and living conditions. Interesting insights on the impact of non-standard work on the transition to stable employment and workers' careers emerge, suggesting a possible failure of companies' internal systems of work evaluation. The effects on labour productivity and on companies' performance are analysed. Within this framework, a new perspective on quality of work is suggested." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Frontmatter und Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
The political economy of work security and flexibility: Italy in comparative perspective (2012)
Zitatform
Berton, Fabio, Matteo Richiardi & Stefano Sacchi (2012): The political economy of work security and flexibility. Italy in comparative perspective. Bristol: Policy Press, 190 S.
Abstract
"The economic crisis has revealed the dark side of deregulation in the labour market: rising unemployment, limited access to social security and, due to low wages, no savings to count upon in bad times. This book casts light on the empirical relationship between labour market deregulation through non-standard contracts and the three main dimensions of worker security: employment, income and social security. Focusing on individual work histories, it looks at how labour market dynamics interact with the social protection system in bringing about inequality and insecurity. In this context Italy is put forward as the epitome of flexibility through non-standard work and compared with three similar countries: Germany, Spain and Japan. Results show that when flexibility is carried out as a mere cost-reduction device and social security only relies on insurance principles, deregulation leads to insecurity. 'The political economy of work security and flexibility' is essential reading for academics, students, practitioners and policy makers interested in the outcomes of labour market developments in advanced economies over the past twenty years." (author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Workers and firms sorting into temporary jobs (2012)
Zitatform
Berton, Fabio & Pietro Garibaldi (2012): Workers and firms sorting into temporary jobs. In: The economic journal, Jg. 122, H. 562, S. F125-F154. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.2533.x
Abstract
"The liberalisation of temporary contracts has led to a sizeable share of jobs covered by temporary contracts. This article proposes a matching model of unemployment in which temporary (fixed-term) and permanent (open-ended) jobs coexist in a long-run equilibrium. From the labour demand standpoint, the choice of the type of contract leads to a trade-off between an ex-ante speed of hiring and an ex-post flexible dismissal rate. Empirically, we test with Italian longitudinal data whether nonemployment spells that lead to a temporary job are shorter on average. The empirical evidence strongly supports our theoretical prediction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping stones versus dead end jobs: exits from temporary contracts in Italy after the 2003 reform (2012)
Bruno, Giovanni S. F.; Dessy, Orietta; Caroleo, Floro E.;Zitatform
Bruno, Giovanni S. F., Floro E. Caroleo & Orietta Dessy (2012): Stepping stones versus dead end jobs. Exits from temporary contracts in Italy after the 2003 reform. (IZA discussion paper 6746), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we study labor market transitions out of temporary jobs in Italy focussing on an interesting period of the Italian recent history: the one immediately following the last labor market reform aimed at flexibilizing and liberalizing the Italian labor market by a widespread use of temporary work arrangements in 2003, and immediately preceding the economic downturn starting in the second half of 2007. The data-set used is the 2004-2007 IT-SILC individual panel. We apply a discrete-time duration analysis and estimate a competing-risk model for assessing to which extent, and for whom, starting a temporary job after 2004 results within a 3-years span in a stepping stone to permanent employment rather than a dead end out of the labor market or in precarious jobs. We find that temporary contracts have a positive impact only on men's transitions to permanent employment. School leavers, workers in the South, as well as women, are instead rather penalized after a temporary job. They have an higher probability to remain trapped in temporary contracts than men and an higher probability of exiting the labour market. In particular, school leavers entering the labour market with a temporary contract experience relatively high exit-rates to non-employment just after the first year of the contract." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment in Italy (2012)
Zitatform
Cappellari, Lorenzo, Carlo Dell'Aringa & Marco Leonardi (2012): Temporary employment in Italy. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 10, H. 1, S. 55-62.
Abstract
"This paper offers an overview of the features of temporary employment in Italy. We start by briefly describing the institutional framework for temporary employment in Italy, and report some stylised facts on the diffusion of temporary workers over the last 15 years, with a special focus on the youth labour market. Next we look at transitions from temporary to permanent employment (i.e. the so-called stepping stone hypothesis), discuss the evidence on wage gaps between different types of employment contracts, and report some recent findings regarding the impact of temporary employment on firm productivity. We conclude by reviewing the current debate and policy proposals on temporary contracts and employment protection." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht