Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Forms of employment in European comparison (2018)
Zitatform
Rhein, Thomas & Ulrich Walwei (2018): Forms of employment in European comparison. In: IAB-Forum H. 09.05.2018, o. Sz.
Abstract
"Germany does not stand alone in having experienced changes in the landscape of work. However, these changes differ in comparison to other countries - both in relation to the relative importance of different forms of employment, and in terms of their development over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The new normal of working lives: critical studies in contemporary work and employment (2018)
Zitatform
Taylor, Stephanie & Susan Luckman (Hrsg.) (2018): The new normal of working lives. Critical studies in contemporary work and employment. (Dynamics of virtual work), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 356 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Abstract
"This critical, international and interdisciplinary edited collection investigates the new normal of work and employment, presenting research on the experience of the workers themselves. The collection explores the formation of contemporary worker subjects, and the privilege or disadvantage in play around gender, class, age and national location within the global workforce.
Organised around the three areas of: creative working, digital working lives, and transitions and transformations, its fifteen chapters examine in detail the emerging norms of work and work activities in a range of occupations and locations. It also investigates the coping strategies adopted by workers to manage novel difficulties and life circumstances, and their understandings of the possibilities, trajectories, mobilities, identities and potential rewards of their work situations." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt: Stephanie Taylor, Susan Luckman Collection Introduction: The 'New Normal' of Working Lives (1-15);
Part I Creative Working ;
Susan Luckman, Jane Andrew: Online Selling and the Growth of Home-Based Craft Micro-enterprise: The 'New Normal' of Women's Self-(under)Employment (19-39);
Ana Alacovska: Hope Labour Revisited: Post-socialist Creative Workers and Their Methods of Hope (41-63);
Karen Cross: From Visual Discipline to Love-Work: The Feminising of Photographic Expertise in the Age of Social Media (65-85);
Frédérick Harry Pitts: Creative Labour, Before and After 'Going Freelance': Contextual Factors and Coalition-Building Practices (87-107);
Frédérik Lesage: Searching, Sorting, and Managing Glut: Media Software Inscription Strategies for 'Being Creative' (109-126);
Part II Digital Working Lives ;
Katariina Mäkinen: Negotiating the Intimate and the Professional in Mom Blogging (129-146);
Daniel Ashton, Karen Patel: Vlogging Careers: Everyday Expertise, Collaboration and Authenticity (147-169);
Johanna Koroma, Matti Vartiainen: From Presence to Multipresence: Mobile Knowledge Workers' Densified Hours (171-200);
Iva Josefssonn: Affectual Demands and the Creative Worker: Experiencing Selves and Emotions in the Creative Organisation (201-217);
Silvia Ivaldi, Ivana Pais, Giuseppe Scaratti: Coworking(s) in the Plural: Coworking Spaces and New Ways of Managing (219-241);
Part III Transitions and Transformations ;
Kori Allan: 'Investment in Me': Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy (245-263);
Hanna-Mari Ikonen: Letting Them Get Close: Entrepreneurial Work and the New Normal (265-283);
Elin Vadelius: Self-Employment in Elderly Care: A Way to Self-Fulfilment or Self-Exploitation for Professionals? (285-308);
Ingrid Biese, Marta Choroszewicz: Creating Alternative Solutions for Work: Expertences of Women Managers and Lawyers in Poland and the USA (309-325);
Stephanie Taylor: Beyond Work? New Expectations and Aspirations (327-345). -
Literaturhinweis
Cross-national variations in the security gap: perceived job insecurity among temporary and permanent employees and employment protection legislation (2017)
Balz, Anne;Zitatform
Balz, Anne (2017): Cross-national variations in the security gap: perceived job insecurity among temporary and permanent employees and employment protection legislation. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 33, H. 5, S. 675-692. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcx067
Abstract
"It is often shown that temporary employees generally perceive their job insecurity to be higher than permanent employees. However, substantial variations in this perceived job security gap exist between countries. This article engages with this knowledge and adds to it by focusing on these country variations and asking what role the strength of employment protection legislation (EPL) has both on the size of the job security gap and in explaining country differences. The developed hypotheses suggest that the two components of EPL-job security provisions, indicating the 'protection gap' between permanent and temporary employees as well as specific regulations on the use of temporary contract will increase the job security gap. These hypotheses are tested using data from the European Social Survey for 2004 and 2010 and data on employment regulations from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Compared to existing studies, this article offers a more detailed look at the operationalization of job security provisions and regulations on temporary employment proposing an alternative measurement which is more closely related to the theoretical arguments. By using this more elaborate operationalization, the multilevel model shows that the gap in perceived job security between temporary and permanent employees systematically increases with respect to the two components of EPL." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early retirement across Europe: does non-standard employment increase participation of older workers? (2017)
Zitatform
Been, Jim & Olaf van Vliet (2017): Early retirement across Europe. Does non-standard employment increase participation of older workers? In: Kyklos, Jg. 70, H. 2, S. 163-188. DOI:10.1111/kykl.12134
Abstract
"In many European countries, the labor market participation of older workers is considerably lower than the labor market participation of prime-age workers. This study examines the variation in labor market withdrawal of older workers across 13 European countries over the period 1995-2008. We seek to contribute to the international comparative macro literature by analyzing the effects of non-standard employment. Accounting for a number of labor market institutions, the empirical analysis leads to the conclusion that part- time employment - and in particular voluntary part-time employment - is negatively related to labor market withdrawal of older men. As such, the results indicate that part-time employment functions as 'bridge employment' between full-time employment and retirement. Additionally, we ?nd that part-time employment at older ages does not decrease the average actual hours worked. Taken together, our results show that in countries with a high prevalence of part-time employment among older workers, the labor supply of older workers is higher both at the extensive and the intensive margin." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The temporary employed in Poland: beneficiaries or victims of the liberal labour market? (2017)
Pilc, Michal;Zitatform
Pilc, Michal (2017): The temporary employed in Poland. Beneficiaries or victims of the liberal labour market? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 400-424. DOI:10.1177/0143831X15574113
Abstract
"Poland has had the highest incidence of temporary employment among the EU countries since 2009. However, due to a lack of proper data, only a few empirical studies have been devoted to analyse the consequences of temporary employment for future career and economic prospects on the Polish labour market. In this study the data from the Social Diagnosis panel study for the years 2009 - 2013 are used in order to analyse these consequences. The results reveal that although the chances for the temporary employed of finding a permanent job increase and the risk of being unemployed decreases over time, the negative consequences of temporary employment for income and its perceived stability do not seem to diminish." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The labor market effects of financial crises: the role of temporary contracts in Central and Western Europe (2017)
Zitatform
Sharma, Siddharth & Hernan Winkler (2017): The labor market effects of financial crises. The role of temporary contracts in Central and Western Europe. (Policy research working paper 8085), Washington, DC, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines how the 2008 - 09 financial crisis affected labor markets in Central and Western Europe, and how this impact depended on employment protections laws. Using a differences-in-differences approach that compares industries with varying degrees of inherent dependence on external financing, the analysis finds that the crisis had significant negative impacts on employment, particularly on temporary, less skilled, and younger workers. These impacts on the level and composition of employment were significantly stronger in countries with stronger legal protection of permanent workers from dismissal. This finding suggests that, given regulatory inflexibility in adjusting the permanent workforce, firms responded to tightening financial constraints by disproportionately laying off temporary workers (who tend to be younger and less skilled than permanent workers)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aspects of non-standard employment in Europe (2017)
Storrie, Donald;Zitatform
Storrie, Donald (2017): Aspects of non-standard employment in Europe. Dublin, 36 S.
Abstract
"This report examines developments in non-standard employment over the last decade. It looks at trends in the main categories of non-standard employment - temporary, temporary agency and part-time work and self-employment - based mainly on data from the European Union Labour Force Survey. It discusses some aspects of the labour market situation of workers in these categories including wages and the extent to which they would prefer a standard employment status. The report includes a specific focus on work mediated by digital platforms, which is the most innovative of the new forms of employment that have emerged in the past decade. Digital platform work is thought to have considerable potential for growth but also to present challenges related to working conditions and social protection. Social protection issues surrounding other new forms of employment, as identified in earlier Eurofound research, are also highlighted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Measuring employment vulnerability in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bazillier, Rémi, Cristina Boboc & Oana Calavrezo (2016): Measuring employment vulnerability in Europe. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 155, H. 2, S. 265-280. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2014.00019.x
Abstract
"Two of the most notable trends in labour markets in Europe are the rise in the number of atypical job contracts (e.g. fixed-term contracts and temporary work) and the increase in job turnover. The concept of 'employment vulnerability' can be used to describe these trends, which weaken the employer - employee relationship. In this article, the authors measure this employment vulnerability, for individual European countries, by creating two indices - an 'employer-related vulnerability index' and a 'job-related vulnerability index' - which are then aggregated to form an overall employment vulnerability index." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Union inclusiveness and temporary agency workers: the role of power resources and union ideology (2016)
Zitatform
Benassi, Chiara & Tim Vlandas (2016): Union inclusiveness and temporary agency workers. The role of power resources and union ideology. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 5-22. DOI:10.1177/0959680115589485
Abstract
"This article investigates the determinants of union inclusiveness towards agency workers in Western Europe, using an index which combines unionization rates with dimensions of collective agreements covering agency workers. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, we identify two combinations of conditions leading to inclusiveness: the 'Northern path' includes high union density, high bargaining coverage and high union authority, and is consistent with the power resources approach. The 'Southern path' combines high union authority, high bargaining coverage, statutory regulations of agency work and working-class orientation, showing that ideology rather than institutional incentives shapes union strategies towards the marginal workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypische Beschäftigung und Gesundheit in Europa (2016)
Böhnke, Petra; Valdés Cifuentes, Isabel; Renneberg, Ann-Christin;Zitatform
Böhnke, Petra, Ann-Christin Renneberg & Isabel Valdés Cifuentes (2016): Atypische Beschäftigung und Gesundheit in Europa. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 69, H. 2, S. 113-120. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2016-2-113
Abstract
"Die Flexibilisierung der Erwerbsarbeit führt in den meisten Ländern Europas zu einer Zunahme atypischer Beschäftigung. Damit können Anerkennungsverluste, geringe Entlohnung und eine schlechte Einbindung in soziale Sicherungssysteme einhergehen, die gesundheitliche Belastungen hervorrufen. Der Artikel basiert auf der Annahme, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen atypischen Beschäftigungsformen und Gesundheit länderspezifisch variiert und durch institutionelle Merkmale wie dem Verhältnis von sozialer Sicherheit und Flexibilität des Arbeitsmarktes beeinflusst wird. Die empirischen Analysen werden mit Daten des European Working Conditions Survey 2010 und Makroindikatoren von Eurostat durchgeführt. In den meisten Ländern geht insbesondere Leiharbeit mit einer schlechten Gesundheit einher. Insgesamt zeigen sich nur schwache institutionelle Ländereffekte, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Beschäftigung und Gesundheit moderieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The growth of precarious employment in Europe: Concepts, indicators and the effects of the global economic crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Gutiérrez-Barbarrusa, Tomás (2016): The growth of precarious employment in Europe. Concepts, indicators and the effects of the global economic crisis. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 155, H. 4, S. 477-508. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12049
Abstract
"Since the 1970s, the reorganization of production and neoliberal 'flexibilization' have made employment increasingly precarious in the developed economies. Examining the concept of precarious employment, the author focuses on two of its dimensions - insecurity and poverty - which he uses to construct a 'precariousness index'. Based on Eurostat data for 1995 - 2015, he then tracks the growth of precarious employment across the EU-15 and assesses the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis in this respect. While precarious employment generally increased after the crisis, this trend was driven more by poverty in the most deregulated labour markets and more by insecurity in the southern European countries." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Polarisation of non-standard employment in Europe: exploring a missing piece of the inequality puzzle (2016)
Horemans, Jeroen;Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen (2016): Polarisation of non-standard employment in Europe. Exploring a missing piece of the inequality puzzle. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 125, H. 1, S. 171-189. DOI:10.1007/s11205-014-0834-0
Abstract
"The rise in non-standard employment inspired many scholars to study the social consequences of these new employment forms. Most research focusses on individuals working non-standard. With the increase in dual earnership, however, we need a household perspective. This study therefore develops the notion of household non-standard employment and applies a polarisation index to examine the distribution of non-standard work over dual earner couples. This polarisation index compares the actual rate of household non-standard employment with a counterfactual rate when non-standard employment would be randomly distributed over households. Drawing on EU-SILC 2011, we define non-standard workers as individuals who worked during the previous year, but not full-year full-time. The results indicate that the levels of polarisation vary considerably across countries. Because especially women do not work full-time, polarisation is highly negative since it is less likely to find clustering of non-standard work within households. This pattern is dominant in Continental European countries, but also observable in Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries. On the other hand, in Eastern and Southern European countries, non-standard employment is concentrated in some households, mainly because of the inability of its members to work full-year. Common characteristics of household members known to be associated with non-standard employment, like age and education, explain little of the levels of non-standard employment polarisation." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term employment and occupational position in Poland: the heterogeneity of temporary jobs (2016)
Zitatform
Kiersztyn, Anna (2016): Fixed-term employment and occupational position in Poland. The heterogeneity of temporary jobs. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 32, H. 6, S. 881-894. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcw044
Abstract
"Occupational heterogeneity in non-standard employment is an important and policy-relevant topic of investigation, and one which has not received sufficient attention. The main thesis of this article is that the function of fixed-term contracts, which in turn affects the situation and career prospects of employees, is dependent on occupation. Using data from European Survey of Income and Living Conditions, 2005 - 2008, I investigate the heterogeneities among fixed-term employees in various occupational categories in Poland, by analysing differences in (i) the demographic and socio-economic composition of temporary workers, (ii) the size of the wage penalty for fixed-term employment, and (iii) the chances of transition from fixed-term into open-ended employment. The results suggest that in managerial and professional occupations temporary contracts are more likely to be used during trial periods for newly hired workers and may serve as stepping stones to stable jobs, as reflected by the higher rates of mobility into open-ended employment. Temporary jobs in low-status service and manual occupations appear to result mainly from employers' attempts to facilitate worker dismissal rather than their need to verify the skills of new employees, and are more likely to become a dead end for workers. However, although fixed-term workers in higher-status occupations seem to be better off than their counterparts in services, trade, and manual labour, the evidence does not support the claim that the former resemble the so-called 'boundaryless' employees, who suffer no negative consequences of their fixed-term status." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The extent and determinants of precarious employment in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kretsos, Lefteris & Ilias Livanos (2016): The extent and determinants of precarious employment in Europe. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 25-43. DOI:10.1108/IJM-12-2014-0243
Abstract
"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and determinants of the so-called precarious employment across Europe and using different measures and based on individual's self-assessment.
Design/methodology/approach: Data on over two million workers across Europe (EU-15) from the European Union Labour Force Survey are utilised and a Heckman selection approach is adopted.
Findings: About one tenth of the total European workforce is in employment relationships that could be related to precariousness. The sources of precariousness are mainly involuntary part-time and temporary work. Less prominent as a source of precariousness is job insecurity related to fear of job loss. Vulnerable groups are found to have a higher risk of precariousness while significant country variations indicate that precariousness cannot be examined in isolation of the national context. Finally, signals of previous employment inability, such as lack of past working experience, as well as the state of labour market significantly increase the risk of precarious work.
Originality/value: The present study utilises a large-scale survey in order to investigate the incidence of precarious employment in a harmonised way and produce results that are comparable across EU-15 countries." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
New forms of employment: developing the potential of strategic employee sharing (2016)
Mandl, Irene;Zitatform
Mandl, Irene (2016): New forms of employment. Developing the potential of strategic employee sharing. (Eurofound research paper), Dublin, 31 S. DOI:10.2806/937385
Abstract
"Although standard employment is still dominant in European labour markets, an increasing range of new employment forms is emerging that differ in their implications for working conditions. This study explores strategic employee sharing, an employment form for companies that have specific HR needs that do not justify a permanent full-time position, but are often recurring, by hiring one or several workers who work on assignments, and whose skills and time are shared among a group of companies. These companies have joint responsibility and liability towards the shared workers who are ensured 'equal pay, equal treatment' with core staff. Yet in spite of the win - win potential of this employment form for both companies and workers, it is not widely known and only marginally used. This report explores the preconditions for a further spread of strategic employee sharing as well as its impact on employers and employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Atypical employment and the role of European PES: An exploratory paper (2016)
McGrath, John;Zitatform
McGrath, John (2016): Atypical employment and the role of European PES. An exploratory paper. Brüssel, 36 S. DOI:10.2767/245526
Abstract
"This paper focuses on how national PES can facilitate labour market transitions for those people in new atypical forms of work (such as jobs in the 'gig' economy). Based on the responses of national PES the paper looks at the availability of training, course curricula, client profiles, skill needs identification and the use of technology in both the promotion and delivery of training. PES responses indicate that the necessary adaptations to the traditional PES model have not yet been introduced by most PES. The paper concludes with good practices to facilitate adaptation to the new world of work. They include more flexible availability of training; more broad-based course curricula; a more heterogeneous client profile; the identification of skills needs and the use of technology to deliver flexible training remotely." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Institution-driven inequalities in the risk of temporary employment: job or skill based? the relative deregulation of temporary employment and its relation to inequalities in the risk of temporary employment (2016)
Olsthoorn, Martin;Zitatform
Olsthoorn, Martin (2016): Institution-driven inequalities in the risk of temporary employment. Job or skill based? the relative deregulation of temporary employment and its relation to inequalities in the risk of temporary employment. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 517-531. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcv089
Abstract
"This article aims to explain the observation that patterns in inequalities in the risk of temporary employment differ between institutional environments. Following up on previous research, it is proposed that the transaction costs associated with different job contents influence employers' decisions with regard to which employees to hire on a temporary contract, which is again conditional on the institutional environments. Using multilevel logistic regression to estimate cross-level interactions between the protection of permanent employment (EPLp) and temporary employment (EPLt) and skill and job variables from the European Social Survey, it is shown that the relative deregulation of temporary employment increases the strength of skill specificity and educational attainment as drivers of inequalities in type of contract. Additionally, analyses of the predicted probabilities of temporary employment for employees with different levels of skill specificity in varying EPLp/EPLt regimes show these effects to be non-trivial. These results argue in favour of using theories from an economic sociology when studying employer behaviour, and urge policymakers to mind the balance in EPLp and EPLt when aiming to facilitate labour market adjustment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Court of Justice of the European Union and fixed-term workers: still fixed, but at least equal (2016)
Zitatform
Porte, Caroline de la & Patrick Emmenegger (2016): The Court of Justice of the European Union and fixed-term workers. Still fixed, but at least equal. (Working paper / European Trade Union Institute 2016,01), Brüssel, 31 S.
Abstract
"This Working Paper focuses on the impact of the directive on fixed-term work and the EU's Court of Justice (CJEU) case law concerning fixed-term work from 2007 and 2013. By doing so, this working paper develops an analytical framework to analyse the Europeanisation of labour law with an eye on the literature on labour-market dualisation.
The findings of this publication show that the fixed-term work directive addresses and affirms the equal treatment of workers, while the position of the CJEU is rather restrictive (especially in cases of clear abuse of fixed-term contract and abusive recourse). The Court indirectly supports the politics of labour dualisation, whereby member states can continue to use fixed-term contracts to increase the labour supply." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Dualization or liberalization?: Investigating precarious work in eight European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Prosser, Thomas (2016): Dualization or liberalization? Investigating precarious work in eight European countries. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 949-965. DOI:10.1177/0950017015609036
Abstract
"A recent upsurge in the incidence of precarious work in Europe necessitates fresh examination of the origins of this trend. On the basis of field research in eight European countries and with reference to theories of liberalization and dualization, the factors that drive precarious work in discrete European labour markets are thus investigated. It is discovered that, while a structural-demographic factor such as non-compliance with labour law is a notable progenitor of precarious work, the deregulatory strategies of public authorities are particularly significant drivers. In conclusion it is asserted that although the theory of dualization helps explain developments in conservative-corporatist countries, in Anglophone and Mediterranean countries liberalization theory is generally more apposite. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries emerge as a hybrid case." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht