Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Older workers and the gig economy (2019)
Cook, Cody; Oyer, Paul; Diamond, Rebecca;Zitatform
Cook, Cody, Rebecca Diamond & Paul Oyer (2019): Older workers and the gig economy. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 109, S. 372-376. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20191042
Abstract
"As the workforce ages, how will the work lives of older people evolve? One way to ease into retirement is to move to the gig economy where workers choose hours and intensity of work that fit their needs and capabilities. However, older workers are often reaping the benefits of the latter end of an implicit contract while gig economy workers are paid their marginal product. We show that age/earnings profiles in the traditional labor market are different than for Uber drivers. While the move to the gig economy generates flexibility, older workers are paid less than their younger coworkers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation, job characteristics and job insecurity (2019)
Zitatform
Coupé, Tom (2019): Automation, job characteristics and job insecurity. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 40, H. 7, S. 1288-1304. DOI:10.1108/IJM-12-2018-0418
Abstract
"Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether specific jobs characteristics, which experts have identified as being more automation proof, are associated with reduced job insecurity.
Design/methodology/approach
Data come from a recent survey providing information on sources of job insecurity as well as on detailed job characteristics. The analysis is based on various regression models.
Findings
People who have jobs that involve lots of personal interaction are less likely to be concerned about losing their job because of automation, or because of other reasons, and are more likely to think their job will exist 50 years from now. Having a creative job does not change these concerns. The share of respondents who fear losing their job to automation is fairly small, and those who do, typically fear other sources of job insecurity as much or even more.
Practical implications
Developing interpersonal skills is more likely to be an effective strategy for reducing job insecurity than developing creative skills. The findings further suggest that policies aimed at automation are unlikely to suffice for the elimination of worry over job loss, as many workers who fear automation at the same time feel there are other reasons that might lead to the loss of their job.
Originality/value
There are very few studies that link fear of losing one's job to automation to a job's characteristics. The survey used here is unique in the level of detail provided on job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Are robots stealing our jobs? (2019)
Zitatform
Dahlin, Eric (2019): Are robots stealing our jobs? In: Socius, Jg. 5, S. 1-14. DOI:10.1177/2378023119846249
Abstract
"The media and popular business press often invoke narratives that reflect widespread anxiety that robots may be rendering humans obsolete in the workplace. However, upon closer examination, many argue that automation, including robotics and artificial intelligence, is spreading unevenly throughout the labor market, such that middle-skill occupations that do not require a college degree are more likely to be affected adversely because they are easier to automate than high-skill occupations. In this article, the author examines the effect of industrial robots on occupations in the United States in 2010 and 2015. Results from regression models indicate that an increase in industrial robots is associated with increases in high-skill and some middle-skill occupations but not for other types of occupations. These findings may indicate the ushering in of a new era in which robots are more technologically advanced and able to collaborate better with human employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bildung 2.1 für Arbeit 4.0? (2019)
Zitatform
Dobischat, Rolf, Bernd Käpplinger, Gabriele Molzberger & Dieter Münk (Hrsg.) (2019): Bildung 2.1 für Arbeit 4.0? (Bildung und Arbeit 06), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 333 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-23373-0
Abstract
"Dieser Band dokumentiert zum einen den aktuellen Stand der empirischen Forschung zu der Frage, ob die Digitalisierung wirklich eine Revolution der Welt des Arbeitens und der Berufe mit sich bringt oder ob es sich dabei nur um einen 'Hype', einen aufgeregten Sensationsdiskurs handelt. Auf dieser Basis geht es zum anderen um Einschätzungen, ob Berufs- und Weiterbildung dem Entwicklungspfad in Richtung 'Arbeiten 4.0' gerecht werden.
Der Inhalt:
Diagnosen und Prognosen: Beschäftigung und Bildung in einer digitalisierten Gesellschaft
Gestaltungsoptionen: Modellierung von Bildung und Beruf
Klassiktexte: Eduard Weitsch und Arthur Pound
Aneignungen: Zwischen Spiel und Ernstfall
" (Verlagsangaben, © Springer) -
Literaturhinweis
Embodied and disembodied technological change: The sectoral patterns of job-creation and job-destruction (2019)
Zitatform
Dosi, Giovanni, Mariacristina Piva, Maria Enrica Virgillito & Marco Vivarelli (2019): Embodied and disembodied technological change: The sectoral patterns of job-creation and job-destruction. (IZA discussion paper 12408), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper addresses, both theoretically and empirically, the sectoral patterns of job creation and job destruction in order to distinguish the alternative effects of embodied vs disembodied technological change operating into a vertically connected economy. Disembodied technological change turns out to positively affect employment dynamics in the 'upstream'' sectors, while expansionary investment does so in the 'downstream'' industries. Conversely, the replacement of obsolete capital vintages tends to exert a negative impact on labour demand, although this effect turns out to be statistically less robust." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technology and employment in a vertically connected economy: A model and an empirical test (2019)
Dosi, G.; Piva, M.; Virgillito, M. E.; Vivarelli, M.;Zitatform
Dosi, G., M. Piva, M. E. Virgillito & M. Vivarelli (2019): Technology and employment in a vertically connected economy. A model and an empirical test. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 355), Maastricht, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper addresses, both theoretically and empirically, the sectoral patterns of job creation and job destruction in order to distinguish the alternative effects of embodied vs disembodied technological change operating into a vertically connected economy. Disembodied technological change turns out to positively affect employment dynamics in the 'upstream'' sectors, while expansionary investment does so in the 'downstream'' industries. Conversely, the replacement of obsolete capital vintages tends to exert a negative impact on labour demand, although this effect turns out to be statistically less robust." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Designing good labour market institutions: How to reconcile flexibility, productivity and security? (2019)
Eichhorst, Werner; Kalleberg, Arne L.; Visser, Jelle; Portela de Souza, André;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Arne L. Kalleberg, André Portela de Souza & Jelle Visser (2019): Designing good labour market institutions: How to reconcile flexibility, productivity and security? (IZA discussion paper 12482), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"The world of work is in constant change. Demographic shifts, technological innovation, institutional reforms and global economic integration affect the way people work. Technological innovations have a major impact on occupations and industries, changing the ways economies in different world regions, in both developed and developing countries, work along with new division of labour that are facilitated by global economic integration. This paper is based on the joint work within the International Panel on Social Progress. It highlights three main areas of attention: a) skill formation, d) the challenges to collective bargaining, and e) social protection and labour market policies. Based on an assessment of the existing evidence, the paper suggests some policy principles and concrete policy options that might further those objectives, not ignoring some tensions that might exist between flexibility and security in the different labour markets. The ultimate direction of reforms in line with an idea of social progress lies in institutional arrangements that facilitate the reconciliation of flexibility and productivity with access to decent jobs and social protection. We argue that distinct policy options are available that can be implemented more globally in order to achieve these goals simultaneously." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Platform workers centre stage! Taking stock of current debates and approaches for improving the conditions of platform work in Europe (2019)
Zitatform
Ellmer, Markus, Benjamin Herr, Dominik Klaus & Thomas Gegenhuber (2019): Platform workers centre stage! Taking stock of current debates and approaches for improving the conditions of platform work in Europe. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 140), Düsseldorf, 74 S.
Abstract
"A growing body of literature seeks to understand the conditions and consequences of platform work for platform workers and society at large. This study takes stock of current literature on platform work in Europe, discerns central debates (terms and definitions, relevance and diffusion, worker motivations and working conditions) and synthesizes knowledge on approaches for improving platform worker's conditions at different levels (worker, platform and regulatory level)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The evolution of the online platform economy: Evidence from five years of banking data (2019)
Zitatform
Farrell, Diana, Fiona Greig & Amar Hamoudi (2019): The evolution of the online platform economy. Evidence from five years of banking data. In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 109, S. 362-366. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20191040
Abstract
"Measuring the gig economy has been challenging. Drawing on anonymized administrative banking data, we measure supply-side participation in the online platform economy between 2013 and 2018. We find 2.3 million account holders who received payments from 128 transportation, non-transport work, selling, and leasing platforms. Participation grew rapidly, particularly in the transportation sector. Average monthly revenues declined among drivers and increased among lessors even within metro areas. At least a third - and likely more - of the decline in transportation revenues is driven by decreases in hours worked. These findings raise important policy questions and motivate promising directions for future work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regionale Beschäftigungseffekte der Digitalisierung in Österreich (2019)
Zitatform
Firgo, Matthias, Peter Mayerhofer, Michael Peneder, Philipp Piribauer & Peter Reschenhofer (2019): Regionale Beschäftigungseffekte der Digitalisierung in Österreich. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 92, H. 6, S. 459-469.
Abstract
"Dem arbeitssparenden Element des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien stehen positive Nachfrageeffekte durch eine Senkung der Produktionskosten und die Schaffung einer Vielzahl neuer Produkte gegenüber. Ein strukturierter Survey der internationalen Literatur zeigt bisher überwiegend positive Nettoeffekte des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien auf die Beschäftigung. Eine aktuelle WIFOStudie widmet sich ausführlich den bisherigen Beschäftigungseffekten der Digitalisierung in Österreich auf einer räumlich differenzierten Ebene: Demnach wuchs die Beschäftigung seit 2010 in hochdigitalisierten Branchen in allen Bundesländern stärker als in den anderen Branchen. Dabei weisen urbane Regionen für hochdigitalisierte Branchen Standortvorteile gegenüber anderen Regionen auf, die sich in der Vergangenheit auch kaum verringert haben. Die Nettoeffekte eines höheren Digitalisierungsgrades der lokalen Wirtschaft auf die Gesamtbeschäftigung vor Ort sind ebenfalls mehrheitlich positiv, unterscheiden sich aber zwischen den Regionen. Eine Verbesserung der Breitbandnetzinfrastruktur hat ebenfalls messbar positive Effekte auf die Beschäftigungsentwicklung. Für die Bevölkerungsentwicklung der Gemeinden spielt die Breitbandnetzqualität hingegen bislang eine vernachlässigbare Rolle." (Autorenreferat, © WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)
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Literaturhinweis
The Technology trap: Capital, labor, and power in the age of automation (2019)
Zitatform
Frey, Carl Benedikt (2019): The Technology trap. Capital, labor, and power in the age of automation. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 465 S.
Abstract
"From the Industrial Revolution to the age of artificial intelligence, the book takes a sweeping look at the history of technological progress and how it has radically shifted the distribution of economic and political power among society's members. As Carl Benedikt Frey shows, the Industrial Revolution created unprecedented wealth and prosperity over the long run, but the immediate consequences of mechanization were devastating for large swaths of the population. Middle-income jobs withered, wages stagnated, the labor share of income fell, profits surged, and economic inequality skyrocketed. These trends, Frey documents, broadly mirror those in our current age of automation, which began with the Computer Revolution.
Just as the Industrial Revolution eventually brought about extraordinary benefits for society, artificial intelligence systems have the potential to do the same. But Frey argues that this depends on how the short term is managed. In the nineteenth century, workers violently expressed their concerns over machines taking their jobs. The Luddite uprisings joined a long wave of machinery riots that swept across Europe and China. Today's despairing middle class has not resorted to physical force, but their frustration has led to rising populism and the increasing fragmentation of society. As middle-class jobs continue to come under pressure, there's no assurance that positive attitudes to technology will persist.
The Industrial Revolution was a defining moment in history, but few grasped its enormous consequences at the time. The book demonstrates that in the midst of another technological revolution, the lessons of the past can help us to more effectively face the present." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Entgrenzung in der digitalen Onlinearbeit am Beispiel von Crowdwork (2019)
Zitatform
Gerber, Christine & Martin Krzywdzinski (2019): Entgrenzung in der digitalen Onlinearbeit am Beispiel von Crowdwork. In: H. Hanau & W. Matiaske (Hrsg.) (2019): Entgrenzung von Arbeitsverhältnissen : Arbeitsrechtliche und sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, S. 25-48. DOI:10.5771/9783845296159-25
Abstract
"Crowdwork wird in der Öffentlichkeit als gänzlich neue Form der digitalen Arbeit beschrieben, die mit Regulierungsformen bricht, die für traditionelle Beschäftigungsverhältnisse charakteristisch sind. Obwohl Crowdwork als Phänomen durchaus neu ist, zeigt die vorliegende empirische Analyse, dass sich durchaus Kontinuitäten zu bisherigen Entwicklungen ausmachen lassen. Diese werden deutlich, wenn Crowdwork als eine Strategie der Entgrenzung der Arbeit aufgefasst wird. Crowdwork versucht neue Produktivitäts- und Rationalisierungspotentiale zu erschließen, indem es Mechanismen der Vermarktlichung, der Flexibilisierung und der Subjektivierung mobilisiert. In diesem Sinne steht es durchaus in der Tradition von Managementkonzepten des Business Process Outsourcing, der strukturellen Reorganisation von Unternehmen und der Einführung neuer, marktbasierter Leistungsregulierungssysteme.
Neu ist vor allem die Plattform als Form der Arbeitsregulierung. Die Plattform ist eben kein Betrieb, sondern eine Software. In der Crowdwork tritt die Organisation den Arbeitskräften als vermeintlich neutrale Technik gegenüber, die jedoch durchaus Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnisse schafft." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Is an army of robots marching on Chinese jobs? (2019)
Zitatform
Giuntella, Osea & Tianyi Wang (2019): Is an army of robots marching on Chinese jobs? (IZA discussion paper 12281), Bonn, 56 S.
Abstract
"A handful of studies have investigated the effects of robots on workers in advanced economies. According to a recent report from the World Bank (2016), 1.8 billion jobs in developing countries are susceptible to automation. Given the inability of labor markets to adjust to rapid changes, there is a growing concern that the effect of automation and robotization in emerging economies may increase inequality and social unrest. Yet, we still know very little about the impact of robots in developing countries. In this paper we analyze the effects of exposure to industrial robots in the Chinese labor market. Using aggregate data from Chinese prefectural cities (2000-2016) and individual longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Study (2010-2016), we find a large negative impact of robot exposure on employment and wages of Chinese workers. Effects are concentrated in the state-owned sector and are larger among low-skilled, male, and prime-age and older workers. Furthermore, we find evidence that exposure to robots affected internal mobility and increased the number of labor-related strikes and protests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Technological Innovation on the Future of Work (2019)
Goos, Maarten ; Gomez, Stephanie Carretero; Jonkers, Koen; Arntz, Melanie ; Vazquez, Ignacio Gonzalez ; Gregory, Terry ; Zierahn, Ulrich ;Zitatform
Goos, Maarten, Melanie Arntz, Ulrich Zierahn, Terry Gregory, Stephanie Carretero Gomez, Ignacio Gonzalez Vazquez & Koen Jonkers (2019): The Impact of Technological Innovation on the Future of Work. (JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology 2019,03), Sevilla, 46 S.
Abstract
"New digital technologies more and more diffuse into the economy. Due to this digitisation, machines become increasingly able to perform tasks that previously only humans could to. Production processes and organizations are changing, new products, services and business models emerge. These trends have important implications for European labour markets. This working paper presents up-to date evidence on the consequences of technological innovations on labour markets based on the academic literature and discusses the resulting policy challenges along with examples of policy responses. One key finding is that so far recent technological change has had little effect on the aggregate number of jobs but leads to significant restructuring of jobs. This implies three key challenges for European labour markets: first, digitisation induces shifts in skill requirements, and workers’ fate in changing labour markets crucially depends on their ability to keep up with the change. Secondly, digitisation is not a purely technological process, but requires an accompanying process of organisational change. Thirdly, digitisation comes along with rising shares of alternative work arrangements, due to more outsourcing, standardisation, fragmentation, and online platforms. These alternative work arrangements imply both new opportunities and challenges. These challenges require adequate policy responses at the European, national and regional level, which the working paper outlines for education and training policies, active labour market policies, income policies, tax systems and technology policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Markets for jobs and their task overlap (2019)
Zitatform
Goos, Maarten, Emilie Rademakers, Anna Salomons & Bert Willekens (2019): Markets for jobs and their task overlap. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 61. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101750
Abstract
"We show that tightness in markets for jobs for which an unemployed job seeker fully qualifies in terms of her task competencies is predictive of her unemployment duration. This suggests that the labour market is organized along jobs and their task content. We also find that unemployed job seekers do not compete in markets where they possess only part of the required task competencies, suggesting that task overlap across jobs is unimportant for worker mobility between job markets. This implies that adverse task-biased shocks are likely to have pronounced distributional consequences across workers with different task competencies. To illustrate this, we quantify the impact of technological progress that automates routine tasks, showing that this imposes substantial adjustment costs that are highly unevenly distributed across unemployed job seekers with routine versus non-routine task competencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2020 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What is happening to middle skill workers? (2019)
Zitatform
Green, Andrew (2019): What is happening to middle skill workers? (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 230), Paris, 65 S. DOI:10.1787/a934f8fa-en
Abstract
"This report asks what is happening to middle-skill workers. Driven by mega trends such as automation, ageing and offshoring, the share of jobs whose wages placed them firmly in the middle of the wage distribution has been declining. Termed job polarisation, economists have observed the decline in the share of middle-skill jobs in the majority of OECD labour markets. One little explored question is where are these workers going? This report examines what workers are doing who in the past would have been employed in middle-skill jobs. The report first examines the traits of previous middle-skill workers to build a picture of the 'typical' middle-skill worker. Using this profile, the report next examines what types of jobs a worker with the typical middle-skill profile is taking, and how likely such a worker is to be working. The study then analyses different metrics of job stability and compensation to put in perspective what shifts out of middle-skill work imply for labour market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zur Ortsgebundenheit mobiler Arbeit (2019)
Gressel, Reinhard; Vogl, Gerlinde; Monz, Anna;Zitatform
Gressel, Reinhard, Anna Monz & Gerlinde Vogl (2019): Zur Ortsgebundenheit mobiler Arbeit. In: Arbeits- und industriesoziologische Studien, Jg. 12, H. 1, S. 86-102.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Mobilitätsanforderungen von Service- und Wartungstechnikern vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung. Die Arbeit der Techniker wird meist beim Kunden vor Ort erledigt und erfordert daher räumliche Mobilität. Wir definieren dies als ortsgebundene mobile Arbeit. Diese Form mobiler Arbeit ist kein neues Phänomen, sie hat sich allerdings durch die technologische Entwicklung - verbunden mit erfolgsorientierten Formen der Leistungssteuerung - stark verändert. Im Zentrum des folgenden Beitrages stehen Anforderungen, die mit ortsgebundener mobiler Arbeit einhergehen. Zudem wird fokussiert, wie sich diese durch Digitalisierungsprozesse verändern und wie die Wahrnehmung der eigenen Arbeitssituation durch diese Anforderungen geprägt wird. Wir betrachten auch die räumliche Dimension mobiler Arbeit, die in der Arbeitswissenschaft bislang wenig thematisiert wird. Wir beziehen uns dabei auf die sozialwissenschaftliche Mobilitätsforschung und verbinden diese mit der Diskussion um erfolgsorientierte Leistungspolitik, die gerade bei mobiler Arbeit eine besondere Dynamik entwickelt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit einer Arbeitsgestaltung, welche neben der Analyse der 'eigentlichen' Arbeitstätigkeit (primäre Tätigkeit) ebenfalls die dafür notwendige Mobilität (sekundäre Tätigkeit) berücksichtigt. Erst durch die systematische Analyse des Zusammenwirkens beider Bereiche ergeben sich spezifische Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung von mobiler Arbeit - und möglicherweise auch darüber hinaus." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Intensivierung der Arbeit: Perspektiven auf Arbeitszeit und technologischen Wandel (2019)
Zitatform
Griesbacher, Martin, Josef Hödl, Johanna Muckenhuber & Karin Scaria-Braunstein (Hrsg.) (2019): Intensivierung der Arbeit. Perspektiven auf Arbeitszeit und technologischen Wandel. Wien: new academic press, 170 S.
Abstract
"Die Erörterungen der Fragen „Was ist?“ und „Worin zeigt sich die Intensivierung von Arbeit?“ führt uns vom Wandel der Organisation von Arbeit zu den neuen Anforderungen in der Arbeitswelt. Mit dieser Entwicklung werden zwar traditionelle Belastungen industrieller Arbeit überwunden, zugleich aber entstehen neue Belastungen und Ambivalenzen in neuen und transformierten Arbeitsbereichen. Dabei sind die Ursachen der Intensivierung der Arbeit nicht nur theoretischen und empirischen Erörterungen zugänglich, sondern sie sind zugleich politische Fragen und daher stets auch Machtfragen. Alle Beiträge liefern Erkenntnisse zum Zustand der modernen Arbeitswelt, ihrer negativen und positiven Arbeitsbedingungen und deren Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit und Zufriedenheit. Sie gehen den mannigfaltigen Ursachen der Intensivierung nach und sie beschreiben die Vielfalt der verschiedenen Belastungsfaktoren. Aufgrund der differenzierten Belastungsszenarien wird es immer schwieriger, zwischen Fremd- und Selbstüberforderung zu unterscheiden. Die Beschleunigung der Arbeitswelt beeinflusst das Arbeitsvolumen und die Verdichtung der Arbeit stark. So ist die Arbeitszeit ein Schlüsselfaktor der Intensivierung und die technologische Entwicklung stellt einen wichtigen Kondensator für die Intensivierung der Arbeit dar. Die etablierten digitalen Technologien injizieren nicht nur individuelle und organisationale Kommunikations- und Interaktionsdynamiken, sondern verändern durch Beschleunigung von Wandlungs- und Arbeitsprozessen grundlegende Arbeitsbedingungen und sind somit auch Treiber der Intensivierung der Arbeit." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Women, automation, and the future of work (2019)
Hegewisch, Ariane; Childers, Chandra; Hartmann, Heidi;Zitatform
Hegewisch, Ariane, Chandra Childers & Heidi Hartmann (2019): Women, automation, and the future of work. Washington, DC, 83 S.
Abstract
"This report presents the first comprehensive gender analysis of the potential impact of technological change on women and men's employment in the United States, with an emphasis on the likely effects for women, given the jobs where women predominantly work and given the disproportionate share of home and family care done by women. It continues IWPR's gender analysis of the labor market and the divergent experiences of women of different races and ethnicities. The report also reviews gender specific trends in the gig economy and contingent work arrangements, analyzes the earnings gains of working with computers and digital content for women compared with men, assesses the recent progress of women and people of color in the three largest technical occupations, and discusses the opportunities new technologies create for balancing work and family as well as the new risks. The report ends with policy recommendations for improving the outcomes of this wave of technological change, sometimes called the fourth industrial revolution. An executive summary of this report (IWPR #C477), which highlights the study's main findings and summarizes the policy recommendations, is available on IWPR.org." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Adapting business framework conditions to deal with disruptive technologies in Denmark (2019)
Hermansen, Mikkel; Millot, Valentine;Zitatform
Hermansen, Mikkel & Valentine Millot (2019): Adapting business framework conditions to deal with disruptive technologies in Denmark. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1545), Paris, 68 S. DOI:10.1787/f7a1fe23-en
Abstract
"Danish firms are close to the technological frontier compared to other OECD countries, making the introduction of new - potentially disruptive - technologies key to boost productivity growth. Despite a high level of digitalisation and good framework conditions, aggregate productivity growth in Denmark has been only average compared to other advanced OECD countries and lags behind in less knowledge-intensive service industries. Policy needs to embrace innovative technologies by leaning against attempts to discourage or exclude them and by tackling unintended or outmoded obstacles in legislation and regulation. Analysis based on Danish firm-level data suggests that digital adoption through investment in ICT capital increases firm productivity and contributes to business dynamics and firm growth. Improving economic incentives for such investment as well as facilitating adoption of new business models require a shift of taxation away from capital and labour income. Ensuring supply of the right skills and maintaining effective upskilling will help workers cope with disruptive changes and ensure that economic growth benefits all." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen