Zitatform

Li, Xuan, Claudia Zerle-Elsäßer, Christine Entleitner- Phleps & Michaela Schier (2015): Väter 2015: Wie aktiv sind sie, wie geht es ihnen und was brauchen sie? Eine aktuelle Studie des Deutschen Jugendinstituts. Väterreport. (Wissenschaftliche Texte), München, 152 S.

Abstract

"Der Wunsch nach aktiver Vaterschaft hat insbesondere bei Männern in Westdeutschland an Bedeutung gewonnen, dies zeigt nicht nur der stetig wachsende Anteil der Väter in Elternzeit. Gleichwohl haben wissenschaftliche Studien nachgewiesen, dass Väter ihre Ernährerfunktion nicht aufgeben möchten oder können. Die kurze Dauer kindbedingter Ausstiege aus der Erwerbsarbeit und die Tatsache, dass sich an der geschlechtsspezifischen Aufgabenteilung zwischen Familien- und Erwerbsarbeit bis heute wenig verändert hat, wirft die Frage nach den Gründen für die große Kluft zwischen dem gewünschten und tatsächlichen Umfang des väterlichen Engagements in der Familie auf.
Das Projekt hat vor diesem Hintergrund das Ziel, Erkenntnisse zur Rolle von Vätern in der Ausgestaltung der familialen Lebensführung sowie zu Unterstützungsbedarfen partnerschaftlicher Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zu generieren und damit strukturelle Veränderungspotenziale für Politik und Wirtschaft aufzuzeigen. Die Befunde hierzu sollen in einem Datenreport zusammengestellt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Pfahl, Svenja & Stefan Reuyß (2015): Väter in Elternzeit. Ein Modell für die Arbeitswelt? In: Gute Arbeit, Jg. 27, H. 7, S. 11-14.

Abstract

"Seit 2007 fördert das Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz (BEEG) eine finanziell unterstützte berufliche Auszeit beider Elternteile nach der Geburt eines Kindes. Ein neues Instrument sind die Partnermonate: Übernehmen beide Elternteile mindestens zwei Monate der Elternzeit, verlängert sie sich von 12 auf bis zu 14 Monate. Das soll auch mit tradierten Geschlechterrollen aufräumen, damit Vater und Mutter Betreuungs- und Erziehungsaufgaben stärker teilen. Doch werden die Erwartungen erfüllt?" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Reimer, Thordis (2015): Working time arrangements and family time of fathers. How work organization(s) shape fathers' opportunities to engage in childcare. In: Management revue, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 227-252. DOI:10.1688/mrev-2015-03-Reimer

Abstract

"This analysis takes the diagnosis of a gap between German fathers' attitudes and practices as starting point to analyze the influence of the work organization on a father's time with his children. With qualitative interview data and quantitative diary data, the fathers┐ ideals and their practices are confronted systematically. It is found that fathers ┐ work time arrangements may influence the availability of time they have for their children. Here, not only the amount of time is crucial but also the possibilities for the flexible organization of work. However, work organizations influence childcare practices mainly through the work culture which shapes the employed fathers┐ anticipated options." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

(2015): Familienbilder in Deutschland und Frankreich. (Monitor Familienforschung 34), Berlin, 35 S.

Abstract

"Die aktuelle Ausgabe des Monitors Familienforschung untersucht, welche Familienbilder in Deutschland und Frankreich das Familienleben prägen. Eine Vergleichsbefragung gibt Auskunft über die Einstellungen in beiden Ländern zu den Themen Kinderwunsch, Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie sowie zur partnerschaftlichen Arbeitsteilung. Der Monitor stellt diesen Ergebnissen aktuelle Daten und Informationen zu dem familienpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen gegenüber." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Schober, Pia S. & Gundula Zoch (2015): Kürzere Elternzeit von Müttern. Gleichmäßigere Aufteilung der Familienarbeit? In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 82, H. 50, S. 1190-1196.

Abstract

"Durch die Elterngeldreform 2007 und den Ausbau der Kindertageseinrichtungen der letzten Jahre sind in Deutschland Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen worden, die eine gleichmäßigere Aufteilung der Erwerbs- und Familienarbeit erleichtern sollen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, ob die Länge der Elternzeit beider Elternteile die Aufteilung der Familienarbeit mittelfristig beeinflusst, wenn beide Partner wieder erwerbstätig sind, und wodurch sich die Veränderungen erklären lassen. Analysen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigen, dass eine längere Elternzeit von Müttern auch nach Rückkehr beider Partner in den Arbeitsmarkt mit einer traditionelleren Arbeitsteilung in Bezug auf Haushaltsarbeit und Kinderbetreuung einhergehen. Väter, die Elternzeit in Anspruch nehmen, teilen die Familienarbeit im vierten Jahr nach der Geburt gleichmäßiger auf als Väter ohne Erwerbsunterbrechung. Jedoch beteiligen sich Väter, die gleichzeitig mit der Partnerin Elternzeit genommen haben, nach der Geburt des ersten Kind mittelfristig weniger an der Kinderbetreuung als Väter, die nicht gleichzeitig mit der Mutter in Elternzeit waren. Beim zweiten Kind findet sich dieser Zusammenhang nicht. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich dadurch erklären, dass Mütter im Zuge einer längeren Elternzeit eher ihre Identität und ihre Präferenzen für Kinderbetreuung anpassen. Väter wiederum können sich durch die Elternzeit, vor allem wenn sie nicht gleichzeitig mit der Mutter genommen wird, 'familienarbeitsrelevante' Fähigkeiten aneignen und engere Bindungen zu den Kindern aufbauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Schober, Pia S. & Gundula Zoch (2015): Change in the gender division of domestic work after mummy or daddy took leave. An examination of alternative explanations. (SOEPpapers on multidisciplinary panel data research at DIW Berlin 803), Berlin, 39 S.

Abstract

"This study investigates how the duration of child care leave taken by mothers and fathers relates to changes in couples' division of housework and child care after postnatal labour market return in Germany. It explores whether take-up of child care related leave may impact the gender division of domestic work beyond the period of leave and examines three theoretical explanations: 1) development of domestic work skills, 2) bargaining power based on economic resources, and 3) adaptations in gender role or parenting identities. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1992-2012) on 797 and 762 couples with a first or second birth, respectively, we applied OLS regression models with lagged dependent variables in combination with Heckman selection correction. The results suggested that dual-earner couples where mothers took longer leaves experienced a greater shift towards a gender-traditional division of domestic labour after childbirth even in the medium-term after labour market return. The linear relationship and stronger effects on the division of child care than for housework lent support to identity-based explanations. Paternal leave take-up was associated with a more equal division of housework and child care after first births but not after second birth transitions. The relationship with the leave duration was less clear. In terms of explaining the mechanisms for fathers, the findings provided greatest support for explanations relating to domestic skills development possibly in combination with changes in fathering identities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Steffens, Melanie C. & Ma. Àngels Viladot (2015): Gender at work. A social psychological perspective. (Language as social action 18), New York: Lang, 312 S.

Abstract

"While many women receive equal education, such equality is nowhere in sight when it comes to women's and men's career success: men still earn significantly more than women and are more likely to be promoted. In this book, the authors offer a state of the art review of applied social-psychological research on gender at work, shedding light on all the different ways that work-related perceptions, attributions, outcomes, and the like differ for women and men. Focusing on domains (e.g., engineering) and positions (e.g., leadership) that are marked by women's underrepresentation, the first part of the book looks at gender at work in terms of stereotypes, attitudes, and social roles, including parenthood, while the second part takes a social identity and communication perspective, exploring the situations in which men and women interact at work. Many chapters focus on applied questions, such as career choice, effects of role models, and sexual harassment at work. Theories and findings are applied to these topics, with conclusions and recommendations drawn throughout the book." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

(2015): Familienreport 2014. Leistungen, Wirkungen, Trends. (Familienreport ... 5), Berlin, 110 S.

Abstract

"Der Familienreport 2014 informiert über die aktuellen Entwicklungen von Familien in unserem Land und stellt die Vorhaben, Maßnahmen und Programme der Familienpolitik der Bundesregierung dar. Er belegt die aktuellen Trends rund um Familie in aktuellen Zahlen und Daten zu den Familienformen, familiären Werten, Kinderwünschen, Geburten, Eheschließungen und Ehescheidungen. Umfassend dargestellt werden Leistungen, Wirkungen und Entwicklungen in der Familienpolitik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Die Berufsorientierung von Frauen, insbesondere die von Müttern, ist enorm gewachsen, Karrierewünsche inbegriffen. Immer mehr Männer wünschen sich, mehr Zeit mit ihren Kindern zu verbringen. Ausgewogene Vereinbarkeit, Partnerschaftlichkeit und stabile Einkommensverhältnisse - darum geht es Familien heute. Gleichzeitig befinden wir uns mitten in einem umfassenden gesellschaftlichen Wandel: Digitalisierung, demografischer Wandel, Globalisierung und die Beschleunigung von Arbeitsprozessen führen zu neuen Herausforderungen. So sind im demografischen Wandel eine wachsende Zahl älterer Menschen im Fall der Pflegebedürftigkeit durch immer weniger junge Menschen zu betreuen, denn der Wunsch, soweit es geht in der Familie zu pflegen, ist nach wie vor groß. Auf der anderen Seite wird Arbeit flexibler, die Familienformen sind vielfältiger geworden - und das führt zu mehr Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. Diese Veränderungen bieten die Chance für einen Qualitätssprung für eine NEUE Vereinbarkeit." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Die Entscheidung von Eltern, wer nach der Geburt der Kinder welchen Anteil der Erwerbs- und der Familienarbeit übernimmt, prägt die (Erwerbs-)Biographien von Müttern und Vätern. Zudem nimmt sie in vielen Familien Einfluss auf die wirtschaftliche Stabilität, die soziale Teilhabe und die jeweiligen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der Partner bis hin zur Absicherung für das Alter. Die im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend erstellte Studie untersucht diese Weichenstellung im Familienleben anhand einer repräsentative Befragung von Müttern und Vätern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Raz-Yurovich, Liat (2014): A transaction cost approach to outsourcing by households. In: Population and Development Review, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 293-309. DOI:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2014.00674.x

Abstract

"Below-replacement fertility and late marriage reflect, in part, the incompatibility of women's family and paid work roles. The outsourcing of childcare and housework to market and state service providers offers a strategy for reconciling work - family conflicts. By referring to the household as an organizational unit, I use the transaction cost approach (TCA) of organizational economics to discuss the factors that facilitate or impede outsourcing by households. In my analysis the frequency, specificity, and uncertainty level of the transaction, as well as normative and social beliefs, can facilitate or impede the household's decision to outsource. Monetary considerations, preferences, and government policies might moderate the effect of the transaction cost on this decision. The analysis further demonstrates that gender is an important factor, because transaction costs are often not distributed equally within households." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bujard, Martin & Katrin Fabricius (2013): Mehr Väter mit Elternzeit. Beteiligungsquoten und Bezugsdauer von Elterngeld im Bundesländervergleich. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 34, H. 6, S. 2-10.

Abstract

"Das zum Jahr 2007 eingeführte Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz (BEEG) hatte unter anderem das Ziel, die Beteiligung von Vätern an der Fürsorge des Nachwuchses zu erhöhen. Betrachtet man nur die Beteiligungsquote von Vätern an der Elternzeit, hat sich dieses Ziel bisher erfüllt: Von etwa 4 Prozent 2006 hat sich die Väterbeteiligung bis heute auf 28,2 Prozent versiebenfacht - Tendenz steigend. Jedoch hat sich die durchschnittliche Dauer des Elterngeldbezugs durch Väter in den letzten Jahren auf zuletzt 3,3 Monate reduziert. Beide Trends divergieren also. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand der Kombination von Beteiligungsquote und Dauer, dass es insgesamt bis heute einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg von Elterngeldmonaten für Väter gibt.
Betrachtet man die Werte der einzelnen Bundesländer, bestehen erhebliche Unterschiede, gerade auch hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Trends im Zeitverlauf. Hinzu kommt, dass die Performanz der Bundesländer vom jeweils betrachteten Indikator abhängt: So liegt Bayern bei der Beteiligungsquote vorne, Bremen bei der Dauer und Berlin führt beim kombinierten Indikator. Der Beitrag stellt die Befunde der aktuellsten Elterngeldstatistik dar und diskutiert, warum sich der Anstieg der väterlichen Beteiligung in einigen Bundesländern stärker vollzieht als in anderen. Dabei wird auch gezeigt, dass die Höhe der Elterngeldleistung aufschlussreich ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Hewitt, Belinda, Janeen Baxter & Cameron Mieklejohn (2012): Non-standard employment and fathers' time in household labour. In: Journal of family studies, Jg. 18, H. 2/3, S. 175-186. DOI:10.5172/jfs.2012.18.2-3.175

Abstract

"This paper examines the ways in which non-standard employment conditions of fathers and their partners are associated with the time fathers spend in household labour caring for children and doing housework. The data come from a national telephone survey conducted in 2010 with a unique purposive sample of 300 fathers who contributed at least 30 per cent to the total time spent in household labour. We find that fathers who worked irregular hours, night shifts or took work home on a regular basis spent more time doing housework tasks than fathers without these employment conditions. Further, fathers' whose partners worked weekends, nights or travelled for work did more housework and childcare than fathers' with partners without these work schedules. We conclude that non-standard employment may provide an opportunity for greater shared household labour arrangements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Myrskylä, Mikko & Rachel Margolis (2012): Happiness: Before and after the kids. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2012-013), Rostock, 43 S.

Abstract

"Understanding how having children influences the parents' subjective well-being ('happiness') has great potential to explain fertility behavior. Most prior research on this topic is limited in that it uses cross-sectional data or has not considered modifying factors. We study parental happiness trajectories before and after the birth of a child using large British and German longitudinal data sets. We account for unobserved parental characteristics using fixed effects models and study how sociodemographic factors modify the parental happiness trajectories. Overall, we find that happiness increases in the years around the birth of the first child, then decreases to before-child levels. Sociodemographic factors strongly modify this pattern. Those who have children at older ages and those with higher socioeconomic resources have more positive and lasting happiness response to a first birth than younger or less educated parents. We also find that although the first two children increase happiness, the third does not. The results are similar in Britain and Germany and suggest that up to two, children increase happiness, and mostly among those who postpone childbearing. This pattern, which is consistent with the behavior emerging during the second demographic transition, provides new insights into the factors behind low and late fertility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Stier, Haya, Noah Lewin-Epstein & Michael Braun (2012): Work-family conflict in comparative perspective. The role of social policies. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 265-279. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2012.02.001

Abstract

"This study focuses on the role of social policies in mitigating work-family incompatibilities in 27 countries. We ask whether work-family conflict is reduced in countries that provide family-friendly policies and flexible employment arrangements, and whether women and men are similarly affected by such policies. The study, based on the ISSP 2002, demonstrates considerable variation among countries in the perceived work-family conflict. In all but two countries, women report higher levels of conflict than men. At the individual level, working hours, the presence of children and work characteristics affect the perception of conflict. At the macro level, childcare availability and to a certain extent maternity leave reduce women's and men's sense of conflict. Additionally, the availability of childcare facilities alleviates the adverse effect of children on work-family balance for mothers while flexible job arrangements intensify this effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Dommermuth, Lars & Ragni Hege Kitterød (2009): Fathers' employment in a father-friendly welfare state. Does fatherhood affect men's working hours? In: Community, work & family, Jg. 12, H. 4, S. 417-436. DOI:10.1080/13668800902753960

Abstract

"An important aim of Norwegian work - family policies is to enhance the family role of fathers. Time-use surveys show a slight increase in fathers' family work, but we still know little about the relationship between men's family circumstances and working hours. On the one hand, policy measures encourage the greater involvement of fathers in family life. On the other hand, men are the main providers in most couples and employment and breadwinning are still important components of men's fathering identity. In this paper, we examine the relationship between fatherhood and working time, with a particular focus on the possible effects of the number and ages of children. Utilizing the Norwegian Labour Force Survey 2005, we find that men's contractual working hours are not significantly affected by their parental status, but men do curtail their actual working hours when they have young children, and particularly if there is only one child in the household. However, men with school-aged children actually work longer hours than non-fathers and men with young children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kalil, Ariel & Kathleen M. Ziol-Guest (2008): Parental employment circumstances and children's academic progress. In: Social science research, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 500-515. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.08.007

Abstract

"Using data from the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine 4476 school-age children in 2569 families with matched pairs of married fathers and mothers to study children's academic progress as a function of fathers' and mothers' employment circumstances, with a particular focus on involuntary employment separations. We draw on weekly work histories, collected at 4-month intervals, to characterize parental employment circumstances over a two-year period. Results find no significant associations between mothers' employment experiences and children's academic progress, even in households where mothers earn more than fathers. In contrast, fathers' experience of involuntary employment separations is associated with children's academic progress. On average, fathers' experience of involuntary employment separations is associated with a higher likelihood of children's grade repetition and suspension/expulsion from school. However, subgroup analyses reveal this association only in households where mothers earn more than fathers. We conclude that the adverse impacts of fathers' involuntary employment separations in two-parent families have less to do with income losses than with family dynamics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Allard, Karin, Linda Haas & C. Philip Hwang (2007): Exploring the paradox. Experiences of flexible working arrangements and work - family conflict among managerial fathers in Sweden. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 475-493. DOI:10.1080/13668800701575135

Abstract

"This paper explores work-to-family conflict among 77 managerial fathers in Sweden by focusing on flexible working arrangements. Sweden provides a unique setting for the study of fathers' work-to-family conflict as it has a 30-year-old social policy tradition of promoting gender equality in the workplace and in the home. Our results show that managerial fathers experience high levels of work-to-family conflict, despite high access to flexible working arrangements. Using a border theory perspective, hierarchical regression analysis shows the importance of gender egalitarianism in the family (taking responsibility for children and being in a dual earner family), as well as flexible working arrangements (satisfaction with job flexibility and access to flexleave) in explaining work-to-family conflict for managerial fathers. Organizational time demands (time pressure at work and average work hours) and use of flextime were less important. Our results imply that gender egalitarian managerial fathers with access to flexleave have a win - win situation. They experience less work-to-family conflict and set a good example for their employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Allard, Karin, Linda Haas & C. Philip Hwang (2007): Exploring the paradox: Experiences of flexible working arrangements and work–family conflict among managerial fathers in Sweden. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 475-493. DOI:10.1080/13668800701575135

Abstract

"This paper explores work-to-family conflict among 77 managerial fathers in Sweden by focusing on flexible working arrangements. Sweden provides a unique setting for the study of fathers’ work-to-family conflict as it has a 30-year-old social policy tradition of promoting gender equality in the workplace and in the home. Our results show that managerial fathers experience high levels of work-to-family conflict, despite high access to flexible working arrangements. Using a border theory perspective, hierarchical regression analysis shows the importance of gender egalitarianism in the family (taking responsibility for children and being in a dual earner family), as well as flexible working arrangements (satisfaction with job flexibility and access to flexleave) in explaining work-to-family conflict for managerial fathers. Organizational time demands (time pressure at work and average work hours) and use of flextime were less important. Our results imply that gender egalitarian managerial fathers with access to flexleave have a win-win situation. They experience less work-to-family conflict and set a good example for their employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Padavic, Irene & Barbara Reskin (2002): Women and men at work. (Sociology for a new century), Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press, 217 S.

Abstract

"The Second Edition of this best selling book provides a comprehensive examination of the role that gender plays in work environments. This book differs from others by comparing women's and men's work status, addressing contemporary issues within a historical perspective, incorporating comparative material from other countries, recognizing differences in the experiences of women and men from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Relying on both qualitative and quantitative data, the authors seek to link social scientific ideas about workers' lives, sex inequality, and gender to the real-world workplace. This new edition contains updated statistics, timely cartoons, and presents new scholarship in the field. It also provides a renewed focus on reasons for variability in inequality across workplaces. In sum, the second edition of Women and Men at Work presents a contemporary perspective to the field, with relevant comparative and historical insights that will draw readers in and connect them to the wider concern of making sense of our dramatically changing world." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))