Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Occupations and ageing at work: an analysis of the findings of the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (2012)
Vendramin, Patricia; Valenduc, Gerard;Zitatform
Vendramin, Patricia & Gerard Valenduc (2012): Occupations and ageing at work. An analysis of the findings of the fifth European Working Conditions Survey. (Working paper / European Trade Union Institute 2012,09), Brüssel, 47 S.
Abstract
"This working paper analyzes the data collected by the fifth European Working Conditions Survey done in 2010 to examine how working conditions are changing for different ages and occupation types. It brings insights into the quality of work and employment amongst ageing workers that help to inform the debate on how 'sustainable' work is according to one's age and occupation.
The authors conclude that the wide range of situations and challenges faced by different occupations demand extreme caution as regards policies to extend working life for all older workers without distinction. This diversity must be factored into the arrangements made to deliver European policy goals of increasing the employment rates of older workers and raising the actual age of retirement.
Moreover, the responsibility for improving working and employment conditions in the final career years also falls to employers and calls for innovative human resources management practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Work time control and mental health of workers working long hours: the role of gender and age (2012)
Zitatform
Zolnierczyk-Zreda, Dorota, Sylwia Bedynska & Magdalena Warszewska-Makuch (2012): Work time control and mental health of workers working long hours. The role of gender and age. In: International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 311-320. DOI:10.1080/10803548.2012.11076947
Abstract
"The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between work time control and mental health in workers working long hours. The study also attempted to show how that relationship depended on age and gender. Three hundred and six white-collar workers doing clerical work for over 8 h daily were diagnosed on work time control and mental health with the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. The results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that participants working long hours but having high control over their work time had a significantly higher level of their mental health with regard to somatic complaints and anxiety and marginally higher with regard to social dysfunction than workers with low control over their work time. Male and female workers reported different problems with their mental health depending on what age (stage of life) they were at. It is hypothesized that the work - family conflict, inability to fulfil social commitments and poor working conditions can influence those effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The individual and the welfare state: life histories in Europe (2011)
Börsch-Supan, Axel; O'Donnell, Owen; Brandt, Martina ; Or, Zeynep; Schröder, Mathis; Paccagnella, Omar ; Avendano, Mauricio ; Padula, Mario; Cavapozzi, Danilo ; Papadoudis, George; Cornaz, Sarah; Pasini, Giacomo ; Dobrescu, Loretti; Peracchi, Franco ; Garrouste, Christelle; Perelman, Sergio ; Holly, Alberto; Pestieau, Pierre ; Laferrere, Anne; Roth, Henning; Lamiraud, Karine ; Santos-Eggimann, Brigitte; Mackenbach, Johan P. ; Schoenmaeckers, Jerome; Motta, Alberto; Siegrist, Johannes; Angelini, Viola ; Sirven, Nicolas ; Christelis, Dimitris ; Spagnoli, Jacques; Fiume, Alessio; Tinios, Platon ; Korbmacher, Julie M.; Trevisan, Elisabetta; Lyberaki, Antigone ; Bosch, Karel Van der; Hank, Karsten ; Heede, Aaron Van der; Dewilde, Caroline ; Wahrendorf, Morten ; Lambert, Phlippe; Weber, Guglielmo ; Brugiavini, Agar ; Moschetti, Karine; Georgiadis, Thomas ;Zitatform
Börsch-Supan, Axel, Martina Brandt, Karsten Hank & Mathis Schröder (Hrsg.) (2011): The individual and the welfare state. Life histories in Europe. Berlin: Springer London, 285 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-17472-8
Abstract
"Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the welfare state such as education policies, access to health care and many types of social protection from poverty relief to housing subsidies and maternity support. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life histories in thirteen European countries - ranging from Scandinavia to Central and Eastern Europe to the Mediterranean - collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement, volunteering and health." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job resources buffer the impact of work-family conflict on absenteeism in female employees (2011)
Demerouti, Evangelia; Bouwman, Karin; Sanz-Vergel, Ana Isabel;Zitatform
Demerouti, Evangelia, Karin Bouwman & Ana Isabel Sanz-Vergel (2011): Job resources buffer the impact of work-family conflict on absenteeism in female employees. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 166-176. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000044
Abstract
"This study examines the relationship between work-family conflict and objective absenteeism 1 year later, by demonstrating that several job resources buffer the impact of work-family conflict on absenteeism. Female employees (N = 386) of a large financial services organization participated in the study. Four job resources (i.e., relationship with colleagues, relationship with supervisor, participation in decision making, and developmental possibilities) were used to test the central hypothesis that the interaction between (high) work-family conflict and (low) job resources results in absenteeism (absence frequency and duration). Results of moderated structural equation modeling showed that only participation buffered the effect of work-family conflict on absence frequency, while the buffer hypothesis was confirmed for absence duration since all four two-way interactions were significant. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health effects of temporary jobs in Europe (2011)
Zitatform
Ehlert, Christoph & Sandra Schaffner (2011): Health effects of temporary jobs in Europe. (Ruhr economic papers 295), Essen, 21 S.
Abstract
"Over the last two decades, temporary employment has gained importance in the European Union. The implications of this development for the health of the workforce are not yet established. Using a unique individual-level data set for 27 European countries, this paper evaluates whether temporary employment is interrelated with self-assessed health. We find pronounced differences in self-assessed health by employment status across European countries. Furthermore, in the EU full-time permanent employed workers report the best health, followed by temporary and part-time employed workers. These differences largely vanish, when taking into account the potential endogeneity between employment status and self-assessed health. However, repeated temporary contracts have a significant negative impact on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job demands and work ability at older ages (2011)
Johnson, Richard W.; Resseger, Matthew; Mermin, Gordon B. T.;Zitatform
Johnson, Richard W., Gordon B. T. Mermin & Matthew Resseger (2011): Job demands and work ability at older ages. In: Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 101-111. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2011.551465
Abstract
"Workers' ability to delay retirement depends partly on the demands of their jobs. Matching occupational characteristics from the Occupational Information Network to Current Population Survey respondents, this study finds that 7% of American workers held highly physically demanding jobs in 2006 and 35% held highly cognitively demanding jobs. The share of the workforce in physically demanding jobs fell by about one-sixth between 1971 and 2006, while the share in cognitively demanding jobs increased by more than one-third. The decline in physically demanding occupations will likely improve employment prospects for older adults, but the growth in cognitive demands may limit options for some older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational status and health transitions (2011)
Zitatform
Morefield, G. Brant, David C. Ribar & Christopher J. Ruhm (2011): Occupational status and health transitions. (NBER working paper 16794), Cambridge, Mass., 31 S. DOI:10.3386/w16794
Abstract
"We use longitudinal data from the 1984 through 2007 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how occupational status is related to the health transitions of 30 to 59 year-old U.S. males. A recent history of blue-collar employment predicts a substantial increase in the probability of transitioning from very good into bad self-assessed health, relative to white-collar employment, but with no evidence of occupational differences in movements from bad to very good health. These findings are robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. The results suggest that blue-collar workers 'wear out' faster with age because they are more likely, than their white-collar counterparts, to experience negative health shocks. This partly reflects differences in the physical demands of blue-collar and white-collar jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender inequality and job quality in Europe (2011)
Mühlau, Peter;Zitatform
Mühlau, Peter (2011): Gender inequality and job quality in Europe. In: Management Revue, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 114-131. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2011-2-114
Abstract
"In this paper, I examine whether and to which degree the quality of work and employment differs between men and women and how these gender differences are shaped by societal beliefs about 'gender equality.' Using data from the 2004 wave of the European Social Survey, I compare the jobs of men and women across a variety of measures of perceived job quality in 26 countries. Key findings are that job quality is gendered: Jobs of men are typically characterized by high training requirements, good promotion opportunities and high levels of job complexity, autonomy and participation. Jobs for women, in contrast, are less likely to pose a health or safety risk or to involve work during antisocial hours. However, contrary to expectation, the job profiles of men and women are not more similar in societies with gender egalitarian norms. While women are relatively more likely to be exposed to health and safety risks, work pressure and demands to work outside regular working time, in more gender- egalitarian societies their work is not, relative to men's, more skilled, complex or autonomous. Neither do more egalitarian societies provide more opportunities for participation and advancement for women than less egalitarian societies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retaining the older workforce: social policy considerations for the universally designed workplace (2011)
Zitatform
Timmons, Jaimie Ciulla, Allison Cohen Hall, Sheila Lynch Fesko & Alberto Migliore (2011): Retaining the older workforce. Social policy considerations for the universally designed workplace. In: Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 119-140. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2011.551623
Abstract
"Even in the midst of massive layoffs that come with an economic downturn, employers must remain aware of the pending impact of their aging workforce. Losing older employees to retirement drains knowledge and expertise. In response, employers are looking at new ways to retain older workers at the same time that older workers are reevaluating the traditional approach to retirement. This article presents findings from case study research consisting of interviews with key employees at 18 companies in 13 states. Five of those companies subsequently participated in in-person site visits. Interviews were held with a wide range of informants, including company leadership, supervisors, and older workers. Findings include a description of the cultural context within which the development of formal and informal older worker retention strategies occurred, as well as the retention strategies themselves. The discussion section explores the universal nature of these retention initiatives and how consideration of universality benefits not only older workers but a range of diverse groups as well." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress: SEC(2011) 241 final (2011)
Zitatform
(2011): Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress. SEC(2011) 241 final. (Commission staff working paper), Brüssel, 93 S.
Abstract
"This report analyses the implementation of the Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress, ('the Agreement'), which the European cross-industry social partners concluded as an autonomous agreement in October 2004 under art 154-155 of the TFEU. The report examines how this Agreement was implemented by national social partners in Member States, and what effect this had on national responses to work-related stress. It also reviews the current level of protection employees have from work-related stress. It examines policy developments and social partners' initiatives in each Member State, and highlights the value-added of the Agreement. However, it also identifies shortcomings in implementation, and limitations in workers' protection. Although there is now wide consensus that work-related stress is a serious issue, and despite significant progress, protection available to workers in Europe is still uneven." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working and ageing: emerging theories and empirical perspectives (2010)
Bulgarelli, Aviana;Zitatform
Bulgarelli, Aviana (2010): Working and ageing. Emerging theories and empirical perspectives. Luxembourg, 366 S. DOI:10.2801/2277
Abstract
"Reviewing current research literature and presenting new empirical findings, the contributions in this book reflect the ways in which retirement and an ageing workforce are at the intersection of key social changes over recent decades. It addresses the question of what factors enable, or hamper, people to continue working at advanced age; it aims to provide sound and accessible evidence and suggest innovative ways of thinking to support active ageing policies. The book is divided into four parts. By examining emerging career development concepts and learning frameworks for ageing workers, the first part gives a broad view of the subject matter. The second part provides perspectives from comparative cross-national research on ageing, learning and working in Europe. The third part identifies ways of breaking traditional patterns to extend working lives and to assist working beyond retirement age. In the final part, active ageing is approached by considering the role of guidance and employer-supported initiatives. This publication conveys two crucial messages. First, successful active ageing requires commitment and involvement from ageing workers themselves and employers, in a context that supports learning and recognises the specific needs of ageing workers. Second, sustainable labour-market participation at advanced age cannot be achieved without sound understanding of ageing, working and learning and the interconnections between these processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
SHARE: ein multidisziplinierter Survey zu den Herausforderungen und Chancen des demografischen Wandels in Europa (2010)
Börsch-Supan, Axel;Zitatform
Börsch-Supan, Axel (2010): SHARE. Ein multidisziplinierter Survey zu den Herausforderungen und Chancen des demografischen Wandels in Europa. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Jg. 65, H. 2, S. 245-251.
Abstract
"Der Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) erfasst individuelle Alternsprozesse in Europa anhand detaillierter längsschnittlicher, multidisziplinär nutzbarer und international harmonisierter Daten zu ihrer gesundheitlichen, finanziellen, sozioökonomischen und familiären Situation. Der Basisdatenerhebung von September 2004 bis Juli 2005 folgte zwei Jahre später eine Wiederholungsbefragung. Die dritte Datenerhebungswelle startete im November 2008 und erhob bis Ende 2009 retrospektive Lebenshistorien. Die vierte Welle wird als klassische Wiederholungsbefragung im Spätherbst 2010 beginnen. Die derzeitige Stichprobe umfasst mehr als 35 000 Menschen ab einem Alter von 50 Jahren in 15 europäischen Ländern, von Skandinavien (Dänemark und Schweden) bis zum Mittelmeer (Spanien, Italien, Griechenland), in Westeuropa (Belgien, Niederlande, Frankreich, Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz, Irland) und Osteuropa (Polen und Tschechien), sowie Israel. 2010 kommen Estland, Luxemburg, Portugal, Slowenien und Ungarn hinzu." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Bei Erwerbsminderung (Älterer): Ausgliederung aus dem Erwerbsleben vermeiden: was Staat und Arbeitgeber in anderen europäischen Ländern tun (2010)
Schnell, Christoph;Zitatform
Schnell, Christoph (2010): Bei Erwerbsminderung (Älterer): Ausgliederung aus dem Erwerbsleben vermeiden. Was Staat und Arbeitgeber in anderen europäischen Ländern tun. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 59, H. 6-7, S. 218-224.
Abstract
"Ein gemeinsames Ziel der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union in der Alterssicherungspolitik ist die Verlängerung des Erwerbslebens. Das gesetzliche Renteneintrittsalter wurde in vielen Ländern bereits angehoben oder es wird über eine Anhebung diskutiert. Das Ziel eines längeren Erwerbslebens ist insbesondere dann gefährdet, wenn die gesundheitliche Leistungsfähigkeit nachlässt. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Reformen in anderen europäischen Ländern durchgeführt wurden, um die Beschäftigungschancen für - insbesondere ältere - Beschäftigte mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen zu verbessern. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung steht die Frage, welche Rolle den Arbeitgebern dabei in anderen Ländern zugemessen wird." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Quality of work, health and early retirement: European comparisons (2010)
Zitatform
Siegrist, Johannes & Morten Wahrendorf (2010): Quality of work, health and early retirement. European comparisons. (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 224), Mannheim, 11 S.
Abstract
"'Extending labour marked participation of older people (aged 55+) is an important target of European social policy ('Lisbon Strategy'). In addition to reducing economic incentives of early retirement, investments into 'good' work, in terms of a favourable psychosocial work environment, are proposed as promising measures towards this end. Distinct national social policies may enhance such efforts. In this contribution, we investigate whether important aspects of a 'good' quality of work (in terms of a favourable psychosocial work environment) experienced during a relevant stage of people's employment trajectories are associated with a reduced probability of early retirement. Against this background, we provide preliminary answers to the following three questions:
- Is poor quality of work experienced during a significant period of participants' employment trajectory associated with reduced health alter labour market exit?
- Is poor quality of work experienced during a significant period of participants' employment trajectory associated with a higher probability of early retirement?
- Does quality of work vary according to specific indicators of national labour market and social policies? Does the same hold true for the probability of early retirement?
" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Working conditions in mid-life and participation in voluntary work after labour market exit (2010)
Zitatform
Wahrendorf, Morten & Johannes Siegrist (2010): Working conditions in mid-life and participation in voluntary work after labour market exit. (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 225), Mannheim, 13 S.
Abstract
"- Are working conditions in mid-life associated with participation in productive activities after labour market exit?
- If so, to what degree can this association be explained by better health after labour market exit?
- Which macro factors are related to higher participation rate and might help to increase participation in productive activities in older ages?
To study these questions, we focus an volunteering as an important type of productive activity, and we analyse working conditions, in terms of different aspects of respondents' work history (see Measurement section), including the exposure to psychosocial stress at work during the working career - all information taken from the retrospective data collection in SHARELIFE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Workplace flexibility, self-reported health, and health care utilization (2009)
Zitatform
Butler, Adam B., Joseph G. Grzywacz, Susan L. Ettner & Bo Liu (2009): Workplace flexibility, self-reported health, and health care utilization. In: Work and Stress, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 45-59. DOI:10.1080/02678370902833932
Abstract
"Flexible work arrangements, or organizational practises that permit employees to adjust their work schedule or location to better manage demands outside of work, are a popular family-friendly benefit. There is relatively little research examining the health outcomes associated with flexibility and no published studies examining associations with health care utilization. We analyzed responses to self-administered Health Risk Appraisals (HRAs) completed by employees of a large multinational pharmaceutical company in the USA (N = 2976). The HRA included measures of perceived flexibility and self-appraised health. Health care utilization records from the year following completion of the HRA were merged with the self-reported data. Greater levels of flexibility were associated with better health: that is, with less self-reported stress and strain, and better physical health. Flexibility was not related to either acute visits to a health care provider or number of prescriptions. However, after controlling for self-reported health, those participants with greater flexibility had marginally more health care visits. The results suggest that, despite their other benefits, workplace flexibility programmes are unlikely to reduce organizational health care costs in the short term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A multi-group cross-lagged analyses of work stressors and health using Canadian National sample (2009)
Zitatform
Ibrahim, Selahadin, Peter Smith & Carles Muntaner (2009): A multi-group cross-lagged analyses of work stressors and health using Canadian National sample. In: Social Science and Medicine, Jg. 68, H. 1, S. 49-59. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.019
Abstract
"This article examines the reciprocal relationships between work variables and health outcomes and if these relationships differ by social class (measured by occupational grouping). We used longitudinal data from the 1994/95 - 2002/03 Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Karasek's work stress variables were measured in the 1994/95 (cycle 1, time 1), 2000/01 (cycle 4, time 2) and 2002/03 (cycle 5, time 3) surveys. Analyses were limited to 2556 respondents aged 18 - 56 at time 1 and who remained in the same social class (as defined by occupational position) for all the three time points. Work variables used were job strain ratio, work social support and job insecurity. Health outcomes used were distress, depression and self-rated health. Multi-group path analyses were used to investigate the reciprocal relationships between work and health variables and if these relationships differed by social class. Analyses controlled for age, gender, marital status and work status.
We find there is a differential burden of work psychosocial factors and health outcomes by social class. The cross-lagged relationships between work and health depended on the outcome, social class and time lag. More significant paths from work to health were observed than reverse paths from health to work. More significant relationships between work and health were observed for the shorter time lag (2 years) compared to longer time lags (6 years). Low work social support and job insecurity were more detrimental to health for respondents in lower social class positions. Findings from this study highlight the importance of time lag, and to some extent social class, in the reciprocal relationships between work and health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Employment contracts: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations with quality of working life, health and well-being (2009)
Kompier, Michiel; Janssen, Julia; Taris, Toon; Fekke Ybema, Jan;Zitatform
Kompier, Michiel, Jan Fekke Ybema, Julia Janssen & Toon Taris (2009): Employment contracts: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations with quality of working life, health and well-being. In: Journal of occupational health, Jg. 51, H. 3, S. 193-203. DOI:10.1539/joh.L8150
Abstract
The aim of this study was to enhance (1.) insight in the relationship between different types of employment contract and the quality of working life, health and well-being, and (2.) our causal understanding ot these relationship by comparing employees whose contract type changes across time.
Analyses were based on a two-year prospective cohort study. Cross-sectional analyses were based upon a sample of 2,454 Dutch employees (2004). Longitudinal data were available for 1,865 respondents (2004-2006). We distinguished among 5 contract types, and subgroups of "Upward" (i.e., towards permanent employment) and "Downward" (towards temporary employment) movers across time. Data were analysed with analysis of variance and cross table analysis.
Cross-sectionally, we found differences between contract types in quality of working life: generally permanent employees had better jobs, whereas temporary agency workers and on call workers had more "bad work characteristics". We also found a difference in health behaviour (smoking) and that psychological health was worst among temporary agency workers. In longitudinal analyses we found some evidence that a positive change in employment contract was associated with a better quality of working life and better psychological health, whereas the opposite was true for a negative contract change.
The quality of working life, health and well-being are unequally distributed over employment contract groups. Temporary agency workers and on-call workers deserve special attention in terms of job design and human resource management. -
Literaturhinweis
The effect of work status and working conditions on mental health in four OECD countries (2009)
Llena-Nozal, Ana;Zitatform
Llena-Nozal, Ana (2009): The effect of work status and working conditions on mental health in four OECD countries. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 209, H. 1, S. 72-87. DOI:10.1177/0027950109345234
Abstract
"This study aims to assess empirically whether being employed or returning to work is beneficial for all in terms of mental health, especially for those who already suffer from a longstanding illness or disability. We use longitudinal surveys from Australia, Canada, Switzerland and the UK to estimate panel data models that link decisions regarding labour market choices to health developments. To allow for state dependence of mental health, a dynamic panel model is used. The longitudinal analysis shows that non-employment generally is worse for mental health than working. The mental-health payoff to employment varies depending on the type of employment contract and working conditions. In particular, the mental health benefits for inactive individuals who obtain a non-standard job appear to be smaller than for those moving into standard employment arrangements, even after controlling for pre-existing mental health problems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The anatomy of absenteeism (2009)
Zitatform
Markussen, Simen, Knut Roed, Ole J. Rogeberg & Simen Gaure (2009): The anatomy of absenteeism. (IZA discussion paper 4240), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"Based on comprehensive administrative register data from Norway, we examine the determinants of sickness absence behavior; in terms of employee characteristics workplace characteristics, panel doctor characteristics, and economic conditions. The analysis is based on a novel concept of a worker's steady state sickness absence propensity, computed from a multivariate hazard rate model designed to predict the incidence and the duration of sickness absence for all workers. Key conclusions are i) that most of the cross-sectional variation in absenteeism is caused by genuine employee heterogeneity; ii) that the identity of a person's panel doctor has a significant impact on absence propensity; iii) that sickness absence insurance is frequently certified for reasons other than sickness; and iv) that the recovery rate rises enormously just prior to the exhaustion of sickness insurance benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))