Zitatform

Hogan, Anthony, Su Mon Kyaw-Myint, Debra Harris & Harmony Denronden (2012): Workforce participation barriers for people with disability. In: International Journal of Disability Management, Jg. 7, S. 1-9. DOI:10.1017/idm.2012.1

Abstract

"Access to meaningful and equitably paid work is an ongoing issue facing people with disabilities across the world. This article is concerned with the nature and extent of workplace accommodation currently made available in Australia to people with disabilities. The article is based on analysis of the Australian Survey of Disability Ageing and Carers (2003). The article first ratifies existing findings in the literature that people with disability are less likely to be employed and where employed, are likely to be underemployed and underpaid. Restrictions in the ability to participate in paid work without accommodations were common with the need for accommodation varying from 43% through to 91%, depending on the nature of disability experienced. We identify the possibility that people with disability self-select themselves into workplaces where they can self-accommodate their own access needs. Generally, the extent of workplace accommodations provided were low (12% - 27%). Known stratifying factors (gender, ethnicity, and education) exacerbated existing barriers to accessing employment. Workers with higher training needs were less likely to secure employment while people accessing the workplace with the benefit of an advocate were more likely to be in the workforce. Strategies for enhancing employment outcomes are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Hutton, Mathew, Philip Bohle & Maria Mc Namara (2012): Disability and job search among older workers. A narrative review. In: International Journal of Disability Management, Jg. 7, S. 27-34. DOI:10.1017/idm.2012.6

Abstract

"This article reviews published research on the effects of disability, age and gender on the job search process. Electronic databases (Medline [via Ovid], OT Seeker, CINAHL, AMED, and Proquest 5000) were used to identify studies focusing on job search and employment, disability, age, gender and other barriers to workforce participation. There has been extensive research on the effects of age and gender on the job search process, and the available evidence indicates that disability, age and gender play significant roles in shaping the job search processes of older workers. However, there has been little rigorous investigation of the role of disability and research specifically examining the relationships between disability, job search behaviours and employment outcomes was not identified. This is a significant gap in the literature on disability and participation in the labour market. Overall, this narrative review indicates that older workers with a disability face multiple disadvantages when seeking work, which impairs their ability to fully engage in the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Ivansits, Helmut (2012): Gesundheitspolitische Dimension und Ziele der beruflichen Rehabilitation in Österreich. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 35, H. 4, S. 15-28.

Abstract

"Anlässlich der Verhandlungen zum Stabilitätsgesetz 2012 wurde auf politischer Ebene beschlossen, dem AMS die Kompetenz zur Vollziehung von Invaliditätspensionen (IP) für Versicherte unter 50 zu übertragen ('IP unter 50'). Aufgrund anhaltender politischer Widerstände wurde der bereits fertige Entwurf zurückgestellt; in einer ziemlich diffus geratenen Protokollanmerkung im Ministerrat vereinbarten die Koalitionsparteien, nicht mehr das AMS allein, sondern doch auch wieder die PV-Träger im Rahmen einer besonderen Arbeitsteilung über berufliche Maßnahmen der Rehabilitation entscheiden zu lassen. In einer Novelle (1. SVÄG 2012) soll bis 2014 auch die befristete Pension durch das Rehabilitationsgeld abgelöst und eine einheitliche Begutachtungsstelle eingerichtet werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird im ersten Teil auf sozialpolitische Aspekte des österreichischen Rehabilitationssystems eingegangen und danach das Rehabilitationsrecht in der Sozialversicherung (SV) in den Grundsätzen dargestellt, um Lesern einen ersten Eindruck über das Regelwerk zu vermitteln. Am Ende des Beitrages stehen die wichtigsten Änderungen des SVÄG und ihre Wirkungen auf die Rehabilitationsgrundsätze zum Gegenstand. Im Beitrag wird nicht nur auf Mängel im Bereich der Rehabilitation hingewiesen, sondern kritisiert, dass das Sozial- und Gesundheitssystem nur unzureichend auf neue epidemiologische und alte arbeitsmarktpolitische Entwicklungen (Zunahme psychischer Erkrankungen, Beschäftigungsprobleme insbesondere jüngerer Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung) reagiert." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Joshi, Gauri S., Emily C. Bouck & Yukiko Maeda (2012): Exploring employment preparation and postschool outcomes for students with mild intellectual disability. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 97-107. DOI:10.1177/0885728811433822

Abstract

"Employment is an important postschool goal for students with mild intellectual disability; yet, results for this particular population are often not disaggregated from other disability categories. In this study, data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) were used to explore the extent to which students with mild intellectual disability participated in employment-related transition activities, the relationship between participation in these activities and school demographic variables, and the relationship between these activities and postschool employment outcomes. The results revealed three main findings: (a) the majority of students with mild intellectual disability participated in employment-related transition activities, (b) participation in employment-related transition activities differed by school demographics, and (c) postschool employment status was related to participation in employment-related transition activities while in school." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Jönsson, Lisa & Peter Skogman Thoursie (2012): Does privatisation of vocational rehabilitation improve labour market opportunities? Evidence from a field experiment in Sweden. (Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation. Working paper 2012,02), Uppsala, 31 S.

Abstract

"This paper analyses if privatisation of vocational rehabilitation can improve labour market opportunities for individuals on long-term sickness absence. We use a field experiment performed by the Employment Service and the Social Insurance Agency in Sweden during 2008 to 2010, in which over 4,000 participants were randomly offered private and public rehabilitation. We find no differences in employment rates following rehabilitation between individuals who received rehabilitation by private and public providers. Also the average cost of rehabilitation was essentially equal for the two types of providers. This suggests that there are no large efficiency gains from privatising vocational rehabilitation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Lindstrom, Lauren, Robin M. Harwick, Marcus Poppen & Bonnie Doren (2012): Gender gaps: career development for young women with disabilities. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 108-117. DOI:10.1177/0885728812437737

Abstract

"Young women with disabilities face multiple barriers in making the transition from high school to meaningful careers. This study used focus groups and individual interviews with high school girls with disabilities, college women with disabilities, high school special education teachers, school administrators and employers to examine career development and transition needs for young women with disabilities. Barriers and supports were identified in four major categories: a) individual/interpersonal skills, b) career options, c) school system issues, and d) disability needs. Recommendations for practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Pagan-Rodriguez, Ricardo (2012): Transitions to and from self-employment among older people with disabilities in Europe. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 82-93. DOI:10.1177/1044207311422232

Abstract

"This paper analyses the labor-market transitions among older people with disabilities in Europe as compared to their nondisabled counterparts. Particular attention is paid to the workers' transitions to and from self-employment. Using data from the two first waves (2004 and 2007) of a panel data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we estimate employment transition matrices for disabled and non-disabled individuals aged 50 years or over, taking into account the possible transitions in disability status that individuals may experience throughout our panel data. The results show that older people with disabilities (especially females) who are self-employed in 2004 are less likely to remain in the same labor status three years later. In contrast, transitions from self-employment to 'out of labor force' were relatively higher for disabled individuals as compared to non-disabled ones. In addition, the results vary when we take into consideration the disability trajectories. Areas of future research and policy recommendations are given." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Rodlauer, Reinhard (2012): Diversity Management - Beratung für UnternehmerInnen mit Behinderung. (AMS-Info 229), Wien, 4 S.

Abstract

"Immer mehr Menschen mit Behinderung streben nach beruflicher Selbständigkeit und dadurch gleichermaßen nach stärkerer Unabhängigkeit. Diese Entwicklung wird auch dadurch begünstigt, dass zunehmend das Recht auf gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und das Verbot von Diskriminierung von Menschen mit Behinderung gesetzlich verankert werden und die Gesellschaft einen positiven Wandel in der Akzeptanz von behinderten Menschen in der modernen Arbeits- und Geschäftswelt vollzieht.
Darüber hinaus ist der immer rascher werdende technische Fortschritt, welcher die Barrieren in allen Bereichen des Lebens zunehmend minimiert oder sogar zur Gänze eliminiert, ebenfalls ein wichtiger Faktor in der Zunahme der selbständigen Erwerbstätigkeit von Menschen mit Behinderung." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Sciulli, Dario, Antonio Gomes de Menezes & José Cabral Vieira (2012): Unemployment duration and disability. Evidence from Portugal. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 21-48. DOI:10.1007/s12122-011-9120-y

Abstract

"This paper studies the relationship between having a disability and unemployment duration by focusing on individuals registered at Portuguese job centers. Despite its relevance, because disabled people are likely to occupy disadvantaged positions in the labor market, it has received little attention in the literature. As different disabilities affect unemployment duration differently, we distinguish different types of disabilities and shed light on disability-specific support policies. We apply a discrete time hazard model with unobserved heterogeneity to microdata from the Instituto do Emprego e Formação Profissional, which are free from self-reporting problems in disability identification. We find lower reemployment probabilities for many groups of disabled people: individuals with impairment in general functions, disfiguring, speech and visual disorders, muscle-skeletal and other organ impairments experience the more disadvantaged positions. Decomposition analysis indicates that part of the disadvantage is due to differences in returns rather than to differences in characteristics. These findings suggest that the disadvantage of disabled people in the labor market is not only explained by a different distribution of characteristics but especially by the interaction of their characteristics with the work environment. Policy implications are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Silva, Jose I. & Judit Vall-Castello (2012): Why are so many disabled individuals not working in Spain? A job search approach. (IZA discussion paper 6317), Bonn, 29 S.

Abstract

"Unlike other disability systems in developed economies, the Spanish system allows partially disabled individuals to work while receiving disability benefits. The puzzle is, however, that employment rates in this group of individuals are very low. The aim of this paper is to understand the incentives and disincentives to work provided by the partial disability scheme in Spain. We first present a theoretical job search model for partially disabled individuals and then estimate a complementary log-log duration model. According to both models, the probability of finding a job falls with the level of disability, the age at which the individual starts receiving disability benefits, and the increase in the local unemployment rate. Moreover, as a result of an increase in the level of disability benefits we find a strong substitution effect that reduces the probability of disabled individuals older than 55 years finding a job to almost zero, in both of the two models. We simulate that the strong substitution effect would be replaced by an equally large income effect even if the increase in the benefits would not be suspended if the individual finds a job." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Weiss, Margaret P., Bryan C. Hutchins & Judith L. Meece (2012): The postsecondary educational plans of rural youth with disabilities and their nondisabled peers. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 180-189. DOI:10.1177/2165143412450313

Abstract

"A national sample of students with disabilities and their nondisabled peers in rural high schools responded to a survey about their postsecondary plans and how they were preparing for them. The study included 3,318 11th- and 12th-grade students from 73 randomly selected schools. Findings indicate that 78.5% of students with disabilities and 90.7% of their nondisabled peers plan to continue their education after high school. Only 4.5% of students with disabilities were enrolled in a college preparatory program. A greater percentage of students with disabilities participated in career exploration activities such as job mentoring, internships, and cooperative education programs than expected, and they found teachers and school staff important sources of information. Implications of these findings are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Baer, Robert M., Alfred W. Daviso III, Robert W. Flexer, Rachel Queen McMahan & Richard S. Meindl (2011): Students with intellectual disabilities predictors of transition outcomes. In: Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 132-141. DOI:10.1177/0885728811399090

Abstract

"This study examined the outcomes of 409 students with mental retardation or multiple disabilities from 177 school districts in a Great Lakes state. These students with intellectual disabilities were interviewed at exit and 1 year following graduation. The authors developed and tested three regression models -- two to predict full-time employment and one to predict college enrollment after graduation. Although inclusion was a significant predictor of postsecondary education, career and technical education and work study programs did not reach significance as predictors of postschool employment. For these students, gender and minority issues contributed to most of the variance. These findings point to the need for more holistic career and technical education and work study models for these students" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Baldwin, Marjorie L. & Chung Choe (2011): Estimates of Wage Discrimination Against Workers with Sensory Disabilities, with Controls for Job Demands. (LISER working papers 2011,61), Esch-sur-Alzette, 44 S.

Abstract

"We provide the first-ever estimates of wage discrimination against workers with sensory (hearing, speech, vision) disabilities. Workers with sensory disabilities have lower probabilities of employment and lower wages, on average, than nondisabled workers. Their poor labor market outcomes are explained, at least in part, by the negative productivity effects of sensory limitations in jobs that require good communication skills, but disability-related discrimination may also be a contributing factor. To separate productivity vs. discrimination effects, we decompose the wage differential between workers with and without sensory disabilities into an 'explained' part attributed to differences in productivity-related characteristics, and an 'unexplained' part attributed to discrimination. The decomposition is based on human capital wage equations with controls for job-specific demands related to sensory abilities, and interactions between job demands and sensory limitations. The interactions are interpreted as measures of the extent to which a worker's sensory limitations affect important job functions. The results indicate approximately 1/3 (1/10) of the disability-related wage differential for men (women) is attributed to discrimination. The estimates are quite different from estimates of discrimination against workers with physical disabilities obtained by the same methods, underscoring the importance of accounting for heterogeneity of the disabled population in discrimination studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Behaghel, Luc, Didier Blanchet, Thierry Debrand & Muriel Roger (2011): Disability and social security reforms. The French case. (Paris-Jourdan Science Economiques. Working paper 2011-02), Paris, 32 S.

Abstract

"The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at 'normal' retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to the situation that prevails in some other countries where normal ages are high, unemployment benefits low and early-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for prospective reasons in a context of decreasing generosity of other programs.
The study of the past reforms of the pension system underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of invalidity benefits seem to match changes in pension schemes or controls more than changes in such health indicators as the mortality rates. However, our results suggest that increases in average health levels over the past two decades have come along with increased disparities. In that context, less generous pensions may induce an increase in the claiming of invalidity benefits partly because of substitution effects, but also because the share of people with poor health increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Berthoud, Richard (2011): Trends in the employment of disabled people in Britain. (ISER working paper 2011-03), Cochester, 60 S.

Abstract

"The number of people claiming incapacity benefits increased rapidly to the mid 1990s, and has hardly reduced since then. This paper uses survey data to plot trends over time in the prevalence of disability, and in the employment rates of disabled people, in a way which is independent of, but comparable with, benefit statistics. The research is mainly based on General Household Survey data across the period 1974 to 2005. Much of the analysis is based on a loose definition of disability, but this is effectively complemented by more detailed data on health conditions available in some GHS years." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Clausen, Thomas, Malene Friis Andersen, Karl Bang Christensen & Thomas Lund (2011): Return to work among employees with long-term sickness absence in eldercare. A prospective analysis of register-based outcomes. In: International journal of rehabilitation research, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 249-254. DOI:10.1097/MRR.0b013e328348b171

Abstract

"Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob psychosoziale Arbeitsmerkmale und arbeitsbezogene psychologische Zustände den beruflichen Wiedereinstieg nach langer krankheitsbedingter Abwesenheit unter Altenpflegern vorhersagen können. Wir verfolgten 9947 Angestellte, die in einem nationalen Verzeichnis mit krankheitsbedingten Entschädigungszahlungen geführt wurden, ein Jahr lang und stellten dabei fest, dass 598 Angestellte acht Wochen am Stück oder länger fehlten. Mittels der Cox-Regressionsanalyse wurden diese 598 Angestellten ein Jahr lang nach Beginn der krankheitsbedingten Fehlzeit verfolgt, um Verbindungen zwischen den Baselinedaten im Fragebogen zu psychosozialen Arbeitsmerkmalen und arbeitsbezogenen psychologischen Zuständen einerseits und dem 'Risiko' des beruflichen Wiedereinstiegs andererseits untersuchen zu können. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass keine der psychosozialen Arbeitsmerkmale, emotionalen Anforderungen, Rollenkonflikte, Führungs- und Beeinflussungsqualitäten mit dem beruflichen Wiedereinstieg in erheblichem Maße in Verbindung standen. Von den zwei arbeitsbedingten psychologischen Zuständen, d. h. dem affektiven organisatorischen Commitment und der Erfahrung mit dem Sinn ihrer Arbeit, zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass krankheitsbedingt fehlende Angestellte, die ihre Arbeit bei Baseline als nicht besonders sinnvoll einstuften, ein signifikant reduziertes 'Risiko' des beruflichen Wiedereinstiegs im Vergleich mit Angestellten aufwiesen, die ihre Arbeit als äußerst sinnvoll einstuften. Für das affektive organisatorische Commitment wurden keine signifikanten Verbindungen festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse legen die Vermutung nahe, dass die Erfahrung mit dem Sinn bei der Arbeit als wichtige Arbeits-/Lebens-Ressource betrachtet werden muss, da sie die Kapazität der krankheitsbedingt fehlenden Angestellten steigert, nach längeren krankheitsbedingten Fehlzeiten wieder zur Arbeit zurückzukehren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Fleming, Allison R. & James S. Fairweather (2011): The role of postsecondary education in the path from high school to work for youth with disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 71-81. DOI:10.1177/0034355211423303

Abstract

"Youth with disabilities lag behind their peers in participating in postsecondary education, which adversely affects employment options and career earnings. Yet little is known about factors affecting participation. Particularly problematic is the relative importance of disability-related factors - the primary focus of special education and services - and traditional predictors of college going, such as parental education, economic resources, and academic achievement in high school. This study found that for youth with disabilities, the traditional predictors of college going are more important than disability-related factors for enrolling in universities; disability-related factors are slightly more important for enrolling in postsecondary vocational education. A discussion of implications for service planning and implementation is presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Grigal, Meg, Debra Hart & Alberto Migliore (2011): Comparing the transition planning, postsecondary education, and employment outcomes of students with intellectual and other disabilities. In: Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 4-17. DOI:10.1177/0885728811399091

Abstract

"This article describes a secondary analysis of variables from the National Longitudinal Transition Survey 2 (NLTS-2) database. Specifically, students with intellectual disability (ID) were compared to students with other disabilities regarding post-school transition goals listed on their IEPs/Transition Plans, contacts/referrals made to outside agencies during transition planning, participation of other agencies/organizations in transition planning (e.g., vocational rehabilitation and higher education representatives), and students' postsecondary education and employment outcomes. Students with ID were less likely to have postsecondary education or competitive employment goals and outcomes and more likely to have sheltered and supported employment goals and outcomes compared to students with other disabilities. Contacts with and participation of external professionals in IEP/Transition Plan meetings also differed between the two groups of students." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Jones, Melanie, Kostas Mavromaras, Peter Sloane & Zhang Wei (2011): Disability and job mismatches in the Australian labour market. (IZA discussion paper 6152), Bonn, 35 S.

Abstract

"We examine the relationship between disability, job mismatch, earnings and job satisfaction, using panel estimation on data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (2001-2008). While we do not find any relationship between work-limiting disability and over-skilling, it appears that there is a positive relationship between work-limiting disability and over-education, which is consistent with disability onset leading to downward occupational movement, at least in relative terms. We find a negative correlation between work-limiting disability and both earnings and job satisfaction. However, there is only evidence of a causal relationship in terms of the latter, where the impact of disability is found to be multifaceted." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Jones, Melanie K. & Paul L. Latreille (2011): Disability and self-employment. Evidence for the UK. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 43, H. 27, S. 4161-4178. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2010.489816

Abstract

"This article examines the self-employment decision for disabled and nondisabled workers in the UK. Using Labour Force Survey (LFS) data, it is found that self-employment may provide an important means by which those with work-limiting disabilities can accommodate their impairment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Jones, Melanie K. (2011): Disability, employment and earnings. An examination of heterogeneity. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 43, H. 8, S. 1001-1017. DOI:10.1080/00036840802600053

Abstract

"This article uses information from an ad hoc module on disability in the 2002 UK Labour Force Survey to identify the heterogeneity that exists within the disabled group and examine its impact on labour market outcomes. After controlling for a range of personal characteristics, the type, severity, duration and cause of the disability are found to be important determinants of employment, but there is less evidence to support the influence of within group heterogeneity on earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Koutsogeorgopoulou, Vassiliki (2011): Enhancing labour utilisation in a socially inclusive society in Australia. (OECD Economics Department working papers 852), Paris, 50 S. DOI:10.1787/5kgf32fbtrs5-en

Abstract

"Australia faces the mutually reinforced challenges of boosting labour supply and promoting social inclusion. Labour underutilisation is especially prevalent among groups such as lone parents, people with disability, and Indigenous Australians. These are also groups at greatest risk of social exclusion. Thus better integration of these groups into the labour market would enhance inclusion. In general, labour utilisation can be increased by training, improving the functioning of labour market institutions, reforming the tax and transfer system, and maintaining labour market flexibility. Beyond labour market policies, the multiplicity, inter-relatedness and complexity of social inclusion problems call for a comprehensive and integrated approach focusing on individual needs. The elements of the strategy include an education system that better promotes equity and integrated service approaches to help people with disabilities and the homeless. Recent efforts in all these areas by the government are welcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Mavromaras, Kostas & Cain Polidano (2011): Improving the employment rates of people with disabilities through vocational education. (IZA discussion paper 5548), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"During the 2001-8 period, the employment rate of people with a disability remained remarkably low in most western economies, hardly responding to better macroeconomic conditions and favourable anti-discrimination legislation and interventions. Continuing health and productivity improvements in the general population are leaving people with disabilities behind, unable to play their role and have their share in the increasing productive capacity of the economy. This paper combines dynamic panel econometric estimation with longitudinal data from Australia to show that vocational education has a considerable and long lasting positive effect on the employment participation and productivity of people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Rückert, Eva (2011): Beschäftigungssituation und Armutsrisiko von Personen mit Einschränkungen und Behinderung in Österreich und der EU. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 84, H. 8, S. 545-556.

Abstract

"Personen mit Einschränkungen und Behinderung sind in der EU nicht gleichermaßen in das Erwerbsleben integriert wie Personen ohne Behinderung; die Beschäftigungsquote aller Personen mit Einschränkungen und Behinderung lag laut EU-SILC 2009 im EU-Durchschnitt bei 45,5%, die der Nichtbehinderten hingegen bei 69,4%. Insbesondere ältere behinderte Personen und behinderte Frauen weisen eine sehr niedrige Beschäftigungsquote auf. In den einzelnen Ländern haben erwerbstätige behinderte Personen durchwegs ein geringeres Armutsrisiko als jene, die nicht erwerbstätig sind. Das unterdurchschnittliche Bildungsniveau eingeschränkter und behinderter Personen bildet eine mögliche Hürde für die Integration dieses Personenkreises in die Erwerbstätigkeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Mit der Ratifizierung des Übereinkommens der Vereinten Nationen über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen ist dieses Abkommen seit dem 26. März 2009 auch für Deutschland verbindlich. Die Bundesregierung will die Impulse, die durch das Übereinkommen in unserem Land spürbar sind, aufnehmen und die deutsche Politik für Menschen mit Behinderungen weiter vorantreiben.
Da auch andere Staaten das VN-Übereinkommen ratifiziert haben und eine erfolgreiche Behindertenpolitik umsetzen, soll in dieser Publikation diese Politik aller EU-Staaten und der Vertragsstaaten USA und Japan dargestellt werden, damit so die Zahlen und Fakten zur Lage behinderter Menschen und die Behindertenpolitik des jeweiligen Landes besser bekannt werden und verglichen werden können. Außerdem wird dargestellt, welche Maßnahmen andere Staaten in ihrer Behindertenpolitik ergriffen haben, um aus diesem Wissen Verbesserungspotenziale für die deutsche Politik zu Gunsten behinderter Menschen zu erkennen.
Aus diesem Grund sind die Regierungen der oben genannten Länder über die deutschen Botschaften um Hilfe gebeten worden, den Fragebogen zum Thema Behinderung zu beantworten. Neben diesem Fragebogen erfolgte eine weitere Abfrage zu Fragen aus dem Bereich des Sozialen Entschädigungsrechts einschließlich des Gewaltopferrechts." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"The first ever World report on disability, produced jointly by WHO and the World Bank, suggests that more than a billion people in the world today experience disability.
People with disabilities have generally poorer health, lower education achievements, fewer economic opportunities and higher rates of poverty than people without disabilities. This is largely due to the lack of services available to them and the many obstacles they face in their everyday lives. The report provides the best available evidence about what works to overcome barriers to health care, rehabilitation, education, employment, and support services, and to create the environments which will enable people with disabilities to flourish. The report ends with a concrete set of recommended actions for governments and their partners.
This pioneering World report on disability will make a significant contribution to implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. At the intersection of public health, human rights and development, the report is set to become a 'must have' resource for policy-makers, service providers, professionals, and advocates for people with disabilities and their families." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Berry, Hugh G. & Leslie J. Caplan (2010): Employment and earnings growth among transition-age supplemental security income program participants. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 152-159. DOI:10.1177/1044207310379096

Abstract

"This article examines factors that influence employment and earnings growth for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) beneficiaries who have participated in the Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program. Using hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling (HLM), the authors examined the employment status of these individuals 2 years after exiting the VR program by using state-level economic and VR agency factors, as well as such individual-level factors as demographics, disabilities, and service types. HLM also was used to examine earnings growth among SSI beneficiaries who sustained employment for 5 years after exiting VR. Findings showed that SSI participants with mental retardation exhibited the highest odds of employment among other disability groups 2 years after exiting the VR program. College or university training and job placement services decreased the odds of employment, whereas supported employment demonstrated increased odds. For SSI participants with sustained employment, African American VR consumers showed higher earnings when compared to other race groups. Among selected VR services, only college or university training was positively associated with earnings growth over time. The authors discuss these and other state-level findings in the context of prior and future research, practice, and policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bless, Dagmar Orthmann (2010): Jeder ist seines Glückes Schmied? Berufliche Integration Lernbehinderter aus Sicht der Arbeitgeber. In: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, Jg. 61, H. 6, S. 204-211.

Abstract

"Vorgestellt wird eine in der Schweiz durchgeführte empirische Untersuchung zu den Gründen des Scheiterns der beruflichen Integration Lernbehinderter aus Sicht der Arbeitgeber. Die aus der Individualisierungsthese abgeleitete Hypothese, Arbeitgeber würden eher Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und persönliche Lebensumstände Lernbehinderter als Arbeitsmarkt- und gesamtgesellschaftliche Bedingungen für die bereichsspezifischen Probleme Lernbehinderter verantwortlich machen, bestätigt sich nicht. Vielmehr betonen die Schweizer Arbeitgeber innerhalb einer insgesamt differenzierten Sichtweise die besondere Betroffenheit Lernbehinderter durch Wettbewerbsnachteile innerhalb eines ungünstigen Verhältnisses von Angebot und Nachfrage bei Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsplätzen und durch den Wegfall an zugänglichen Tätigkeitsfeldern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Boeltzig, Heike, Doria Pilling, Jaimie Ciulla Timmons & Robyn Johnson (2010): Disability specialist staff in US One-Stop Career Centers and British Jobcentre Plus offices. Roles, responsibilities, and evidence of their effectiveness. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 101-115. DOI:10.1177/1044207309370840

Abstract

"The One-Stop Career Center system in the United States and the Jobcentre Plus system in Great Britain provide universal access to public employment services targeted at all job seekers, including people with disabilities, and employer services. Studies have identified challenges with these universal models in that some job seekers with disabilities may have additional or more intense support needs. Disability specialist positions provide one way of addressing these needs. This article examines their roles and responsibilities and their effectiveness in improving employment service delivery through these systems. The article highlights commonalities and differences associated with the roles between the two countries and discusses implications for improving effectiveness. Findings are based on a scoping review of existing empirical research that was conducted in 2008. The article concludes with directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bruyère, Susanne M., Sarah von Schrader, Wendy Coduti & Melissa Bjelland (2010): United States employment disability discrimination charges. Implications for disability management practice. In: International Journal of Disability Management, Jg. 5, H. 2, S. 48-58. DOI:10.1375/jdmr.5.2.48

Abstract

"It is 20 years since the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, yet employment and economic inequities continue for people with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to inform and encourage disability management leading practices to contribute toward reducing these disparities. The approach is an examination of where in the employment process applicants and incumbent employees perceive employment disability discrimination, leading to the filing of charges against an employer. Employment disability discrimination claims filed by individuals over 15 years (1993 - 2007) with the United States (US) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or state and local Fair Employment Practice Agencies are studied. The authors analyse employment discrimination charges by year, basis (i.e., protected class characteristics, such as disability, age, or race), issue (i.e., actions of the employer, such as discharge, hiring, or harassment), employer characteristics (i.e, size of business and industry sector), and joint filings under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (gender, race/ethnicity, and religious discrimination) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Special attention is paid to where in the employment process people with specific impairments are perceiving discrimination. Implications of these research findings for the practice and administration of disability management and employer policies are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Buchinger, Birgit & Ulrike Gschwandtner (2010): Frauen mit Behinderungen und Beeinträchtigungen am Salzburger Arbeitsmarkt. Eine qualitative Studie. Salzburg, 134 S.

Abstract

"Die Studie bietet Ergebnisse des Rechercheprozesses nach behinderungsspezifischen Daten für das Bundesland Salzburg sowie eine Zusammenschau der wichtigsten rechtlichen Regelungen und Definitionen für dieses gesellschaftliche Feld. Außerdem werden alle Einrichtungen des Behindertenwesens im Bundesland Salzburg nach verschiedenen Kriterien - etwa Zielgruppen, Zusammensetzung der KlientInnen nach Geschlecht, Maßnahmen und Angebote - beschrieben. Es kommen die betroffenen Frauen ausführlich zu Wort. Die Ergebnisse der Interviews und der Arbeitskreise mit den ExpertInnen werden zusammengefasst, hier fließen auch wichtige Erkenntnisse aus der wissenschaftlichen Literatur ein. Nach einer Darlegung der arbeitsmarktspezifischen Rahmenbedingungen widmet sich das dritte Kapitel dem 'Dschungel der Hilfsstrukturen'. Nach einer Conclusio, in der wesentliche Ergebnisse der gesamten Forschungsarbeit zusammengeführt werden, findet sich eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmenvorschlägen zur Verbesserung der Situation von Mädchen und Frauen in Ausbildung und Arbeitswelt. Die Umsetzung dieser Maßnahmen soll dazu beitragen, diesen Frauen ein eigenständiges, selbstbestimmtes und existenziell abgesichertes Leben nach ihren jeweiligen Bedürfnissen zu ermöglichen. Die Vorschläge wurden auf Basis der Ergebnisse dieser Studie erarbeitet und durch vielfältige Anregungen der Frauen aus der begleitenden Reflexionsgruppe konkretisiert." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Carter, Erik W., Audrey A. Trainor, Orhan Cakiroglu, Beth Swedeen & Laura A. Owens (2010): Availability of and access to career development activities for transition-age youth with disabilities. In: Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 13-24. DOI:10.1177/0885728809344332

Abstract

"Equipping youth with and without disabilities for the world of work has been the focus of ongoing legislative and policy initiatives. The authors examined the extent to which career development and vocational activities were available to and accessed by youth with severe disabilities or emotional and behavioral disorders attending 34 urban, suburban, and rural high schools. Although school-level representatives (e.g., administrators, guidance counselors, student services directors) identified an array of career development opportunities offered by their schools, participation by youth with disabilities in these experiences was reported to be fairly limited. Potential factors influencing the participation of youth included disability-related needs and limited professional development opportunities for educators. The authors present recommendations for improving research and practice aimed at better preparing youth with disabilities for their future careers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fasching, Helga (2010): Evaluation des Berufsvorbereitungslehrgangs "Brücken schlagen - von der Schule in den Beruf". Eine mehrperspektivische Qualitätsanalyse. In: Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik, Jg. 61, H. 10, S. 364-371.

Abstract

"Ziel der externen Qualitätsevaluation war die Analyse der Stärken und Schwächen des zehnmonatigen Berufsvorbereitungslehrgangs 'Brücken schlagen 2008/2009' aus der Perspektive der Kursteilnehmer (junge Frauen und Männer mit Behinderung), deren Angehörigen, der Lehrgangstrainerinnen und der Praktikumsbetriebe. Hierbei sollte auch evaluiert werden, ob die von den Evaluatorinnen formulierten Optimierungsvorschläge der letzten Lehrgangsevaluation 'Brücken schlagen 2007/2008' in die Weiterentwicklung des aktuellen Lehrgangskonzepts übernommen wurden und woran sich eine Verbesserung in der konkreten Praxis erkennen lässt. Die Erhebungen dieser Evaluation wurden im Frühjahr 2009 durchgeführt. Von den Evaluatorinnen wurden anschließend Optimierungsvorschläge erarbeitet, die zu einer Verbesserung des noch laufenden Lehrgangs beitragen sollten. Im Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse dieser Evaluation präsentiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hasegawa, Tamako (2010): Japan's employment measures for persons with disabilities: centered on quota system of "act on employment promotion of persons with disabilities". In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 26-42.

Abstract

"This paper introduces the history and specific contents of 'Act on Employment Promotion of Persons with Disabilities' which forms the foundation of Japan's measures for employment of persons with disabilities. The system of 'mandatory employment of persons with disabilities' based on the Act on Employment Pro-motion of Persons with Disabilities consists of the following two pillars: (i) a quota system which obligates employers to employ a certain percentage or more of persons with disabilities and (ii) a payment system for employment of persons with disabilities which charges employers a sanctions when they cannot achieve the legally-prescribed minimum employment rate. In this paper, I will precisely explain the contents of the law which has been amended repeatedly to deal with facing various problems and examine future issues bringing the realities of employment of persons with disabilities and the enactment of an antidiscrimination law for persons with disabilities into view. Readers will be able to obtain an over-all grasp of Japan's measures for employment of persons with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Houston, Kyle, H. Bruce Lammers & Shirley Svorny (2010): Perceptions of the effect of public policy on employment opportunities for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 9-21. DOI:10.1177/1044207309357428

Abstract

Researchers have been unable to draw conclusions about labor market conditions for people who are deaf or hard of hearing because surveys of individuals with disabilities do not sufficiently sample these groups. The authors conducted a national survey of vocational rehabilitation counselors and others who provide services to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Respondents were asked their views about changes in labor market opportunities, job tenure, and the employment effects of Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements, state antidiscrimination laws, and increased benefits under Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). In general, the respondents reported an improvement in labor market opportunities. However, a substantial number agreed that ADA requirements and increased benefits under SSDI and SSI have resulted in a drop in employment, particularly for workers who are deaf and lack postsecondary education.

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Inose, Keiji (2010): Way of working and environment for persons with intellectual disabilities to create labor values. From analyses on success case of special subsidiary companies and vocational training workshops. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 73-96.

Abstract

"It is extremely difficult for persons with intellectual disabilities to create labor values. However, there are success cases of special subsidiary companies which have tried to do this and have shown successful results. Special subsidiary companies analyze vocational capabilities of persons with intellectual disabilities working there, find out jobs which can be done by them from parent or associated companies and let them form groups to mutually complement each other in order to secure the minimum employment rate for persons with disabilities of their major parent companies. On the other hand, there is a vocational training workshop in Kagoshima which manages the business focusing on manufacturing of Buddhist altars, the local industry. It narrows the working area down to a high value-added traditional craft which is competitive and can be manufactured by even persons with intellectual disabilities who have acquired competitive skills. In both cases, the works of persons with intellectual disabilities have been incorporated into the social division of labor as an economic system, and mutually complementary and mutual aid relationship with surroundings has been generated." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ipsen, Catherine, Tom Seekins & Craig Ravesloot (2010): Building the case for delivering health promotion services within the vocational rehabilitation system. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 53, H. 2, S. 67-77. DOI:10.1177/0034355209348238

Abstract

"Research studies report a negative relationship between employment and secondary conditions. Access to health promotion programs to manage secondary conditions, however, is limited for people with disabilities due to employment, financial, and insurance barriers. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is one possible delivery point to overcome these barriers and improve access. To build the case for VR delivery, this article compares VR clients to Living Well health promotion program participants, who successfully reduced their secondary conditions. At baseline, VR (n = 162) and Living Well (n = 188) participants reported similar health promoting lifestyle behavior ratings and similar severity ratings across many secondary conditions. In addition, the VR group experienced similar rates of limitation from secondary conditions over time, indicating that their health was not improving in the absence of a health promotion intervention. Because health promotion programs can reduce secondary conditions, this research supports continued exploration of health promotion delivery within the VR system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Krause, James S. (2010): Is the ability to ambulate associated with better employment outcomes in participants with traumatic spinal cord injury? In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 53, H. 2, S. 117-119. DOI:10.1177/0034355208329442

Abstract

"The author compares current employment status after spinal cord injury between participants who were independent in ambulation (required no assistance from others) and those who were dependent in ambulation (required assistance from at least one other person to ambulate). Those who were independent of assistance from others in ambulation were significantly more likely to be employed. Rehabilitation counselors should consider the special needs and circumstances of those who ambulate with assistance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Krause, James S., Lee Saunders & David Staten (2010): Race-ethnicity, education, and employment after spinal cord injury. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 53, H. 2, S. 78-86. DOI:10.1177/0034355209345161

Abstract

"The objective of this article was to identify the relationship between race-ethnicity and employment after spinal cord injury (SCI), while evaluating interrelationships with gender, injury severity, and education. The authors used a cohort design using the most current status from a post-injury interview from the National SCI Statistical Center. Participants included 14,454 adults ages 18 to 64, at least 1 year post-injury, not currently students or homemakers, and with residual impairment. Primary outcome was self-reported gainful employment. A total of 26.8% were working, and Caucasians were most likely to work followed by Hispanics and African Americans. Education and injury severity were strong predictors of working but did not attenuate the relationship between race and working. African American women were more likely to work than African American men, but this relationship was not significant for other race groups. Further research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors that can decrease the gap in post-injury employment between African Americans and other races." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kudo, Tadashi (2010): Japan's employment rate of persons with disabilities and outcome of employment quota system. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 5-25.

Abstract

"Although there is no strict international definition of persons with disabilities, I examined the employment situation of persons with disabilities in Japan in this paper using government statistics and statistical surveys by the U.S. and international organizations. The appearance ratio of persons with disabilities is 10% of the world's population while in Japan it is only 5%. It suggests that Japan puts a narrow definition on persons with disabilities. It was also found that Japan's employment rate of working-age persons with disabilities is relatively higher than other countries. From an international standpoint, there are two approaches to expand employment opportunities for persons with disabilities: introduction of (i) a legal system on the antidiscrimination law and (ii) an employment quota system (legally-prescribed minimum employment rate system). Japan has introduced the latter approach. Looking at changes in the number of persons with disabilities working for companies which are covered by the employment quota system for 16 years, the system has brought about substantial results. On the contrary, the employment rate of persons with disabilities in the U.S. which has a typical anti-discrimination law, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), is lower than that of Japan and the employment rate has not really increased even after the introduction of ADA. It was confirmed that the strengthening of a typical antidiscrimination law for persons with disabilities does not necessarily bring about the expansion of job opportunities for them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Landmark, Leena Jo, Song Ju & Dalun Zhang (2010): Substantiated best practices in transition. Fifteen plus years later. In: Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 165-176. DOI:10.1177/0885728810376410

Abstract

"Since the transition movement in the 1980s, numerous transition practices have been developed. Kohler (1993) provided a comprehensive review and analysis of transition best practices and divided them into substantiated and implied practices based on the existence of empirical evidence. Since that review was published, the field of transition has changed. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of transition best practices since Kohler's study. A total of 29 documents were collected that substantiated best transition practices. The resulting most- to least-substantiated practices were paid or unpaid work experience, employment preparation, family involvement, general education inclusion, social skills training, daily living skills training and self-determination skills training, and community or agency collaboration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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McInnes, Melayne Morgan, Orgul Demet Ozturk, Suzanne McDermott & Joshua R. Mann (2010): Does supported employment work? In: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 506-525. DOI:10.1002/pam.20507

Abstract

"Providing employment-related services, including supported employment through job coaches, has been a priority in federal policy since the enactment of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act in 1984. We take advantage of a unique panel data set of all clients served by the South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs between 1999 and 2005 to investigate whether job coaching leads to stable employment in community settings. The data contain information on individual characteristics, such as IQ and the presence of emotional and behavioral problems, that are likely to affect both employment propensity and likelihood of receiving job coaching. Our results show that unobserved individual characteristics and endogeneity strongly bias naive estimates of the effects of job coaching. However, even after correcting for these biases, an economically and statistically significant treatment effect remains" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Oguzoglu, Umut (2010): Disability and multi-state labour force choices with state dependence. (IZA discussion paper 5408), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"I use a dynamic mixed multinomial logit model with unobserved heterogeneity to study the impact of work limiting disabilities on disaggregated labour choices. The first seven waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey are used to investigate this relationship. Findings point out to strong state dependence in employment choices. Further, the impact of disability on employment outcomes is highly significant. Model simulations suggest that high cross and own state dependence can amplify a one-off disability shock to alter the probability of full time employment and nonparticipation permanently, especially for low skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pinetz, Petra & Wilfried Prammer (2010): Die Integrative Berufsausbildung in Österreich. Eine Ausbildungsform für behinderte Jugendliche?! In: Zeitschrift für Inklusion H. 1.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag stellt die gesetzlichen Grundlagen und Rahmenbedingungen der Integrativen Berufsausbildung in der Bundesrepublik Österreich dar. Dabei wird neben der Datenanalyse auch die praktische Umsetzung vor allem in der Berufsschule zu analysieren sein und im Weiteren der Blick auf die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Berufsschullehrer/innen gelenkt. Letztlich geht es darum, Stärken und Schwächen der IBA zu identifizieren und in einer Schlussbetrachtung Empfehlungen zur qualitätsvollen Weiterentwicklung der Integrativen Berufsausbildung abzuleiten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Snyder, Lori Anderson, Jennifer S. Carmichael, Lauren V. Blackwell, Jeanette N. Cleveland & George C. Thornton (2010): Perceptions of discrimination and justice among employees with disabilities. In: Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 5-19. DOI:10.1007/s10672-009-9107-5

Abstract

"Despite the passage of almost two decades since the enactment of the Americans With Disabilities Act in the United States, individuals with disabilities are still underrepresented in the workforce, tend to hold lower status jobs, and receive lower wages. This study examines whether disabled workers also continue to encounter more negative workplace experiences in terms of discrimination and injustice. A sample of 1,880 employees of a large university, including 90 self-identified disabled individuals completed a work experience survey. Analyses indicate that disabled employees reported more overt and subtle discrimination and more procedural injustice than their non-disabled counterparts. Examination by the type of disability also revealed that those with non-physical disabilities reported more negative experiences than employees with physical disabilities. Perceived organizational and supervisory support were shown to have promise in reducing the effects of disability status on workplace attitudes and perceptions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tsuchihashi, Toshihiro & Daisuke Oyama (2010): Disability employment levy-grant scheme from an economic viewpoint. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 43-53.

Abstract

"This paper discusses the disability employment quota-levy policy from an economic point of view. Based on the standpoint that the goal of the policy is to promote employment of disabled people in the society as a whole and the employment quota for each firm should be adjusted according to its capacity or opportunity cost associated with the employment, we underline that the levy-grant system can be utilized as an instrument that provides each firm with incentives to spontaneously achieve its optimal employment level. It is demonstrated that levy and grant can work as Pigouvian tax under complete in-formation and that a levy-grant scheme akin to the Vickrey auction mechanism achieves efficiency even when the cost structure of the firms is private information." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Yoda, Takao (2010): Japanese support system for competitive employment of persons with disabilities. In: Japan Labor Review, Jg. 7, H. 2, S. 54-72.

Abstract

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate and discuss the reality, issues and future directions of employment support for persons with disabilities which employers receive from external specialized agencies for their employment of disabilities. First, this paper outlines, from the viewpoint of employers, employment-related issues of persons with disabilities, based on interview surveys and large research studies. Then it reviews businesses' in-house problem-solving efforts and refers to employment support services provided by external agencies. While companies are trying to achieve the quota stipulated in the Employment Quota System, there still remain a number of challenges. In the future, coupled with the implementation of the Employment Quota System, more companies are expected to actively make use of employment support services, and this will lead to the increasing employment of persons with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aston, Jane (2009): Evaluation of access to work. Individual budget pilot strand. (Great Britain, Department of Work and Pensions. Research report 620), London, 134 S.

Abstract

"This report presents the findings of a qualitative evaluation of the provision of employment support and Access to Work (AtW) alongside Individual Budgets. It was one of three strands of an AtW evaluation which was commissioned by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), and carried out by Institute for Employment Studies. Individual Budgets were piloted in 13 local authorities across England, and a separate evaluation of these has been carried out for DWP. AtW was aligned, but not fully integrated, with Individual Budgets, and so AtW funds were not received by service users as part of their Individual Budgets. Alongside some of the processes involved in obtaining an Individual Budget, additional employment-related support was being piloted by DWP and Jobcentre Plus (referred to as 'the employment option'). The employment option centred around employment marketing leaflets from Jobcentre Plus; a four-page leaflet and a more detailed booklet." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Beach, David Thomas (2009): Predicting employment outcomes of consumers of state-operated comprehensive rehabilitation centers. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 147-155. DOI:10.1177/0034355207311312

Abstract

"This study used records from a state-operated comprehensive rehabilitation center to investigate possible predictive factors related to completing comprehensive rehabilitation center programs and successful vocational rehabilitation (VR) case closure. An analysis of demographic data of randomly selected comprehensive rehabilitation center participants served between fiscal year (FY) 1998-1999 and FY 2003-2004 indicated that participants were by and large younger than participants in the general VR program, with many center participants having psychological or cognitive primary disabilities. A binary logistic regression identified completing a comprehensive rehabilitation center program as a predictor of successful VR case closure, whereas receiving psychological services, being from a rural area, and receiving public assistance were negative predictors of successful VR case closure." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Biewer, Gottfried, Helga Fasching & Oliver Koenig (2009): Teilhabe von Menschen mit einer intellektuellen Beeinträchtigung an Bildung, Arbeit und Forschung. In: SWS-Rundschau, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 391-403.

Abstract

"Ein vom Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) gefördertes Forschungsprojekt am Institut für Bildungswissenschaft der Universität Wien versucht, Partizipationserfahrungen von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung zu erfassen, die sich an der Nahtstelle zwischen Schule und Beruf oder bereits im Arbeitsleben befinden. Neben der in Österreich für diese Personengruppe erstmals durchgeführten bundesweiten quantitativen Erhebung (Übergangsverläufe von der Schule in den Beruf und Strukturdaten für den Arbeitsmarkt) zielt das Projekt primär auf die Rekonstruktion der Perspektive der Betroffenen mit qualitativen Methoden. In einer Längsschnittstudie werden auf Basis der Grounded Theory Daten zu den Erfahrungen in beiden Gruppen (Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene in der Übergangsphase sowie bereits im Arbeitsleben Stehende) bearbeitet. Mit der Einbeziehung von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung in die Interpretation und Validierung qualitativer Daten durch eine Referenzgruppe leistet das Projekt einen Beitrag zur Methodenentwicklung im Bereich partizipativer Forschung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Boutin, Daniel L. & Keith Wilson (2009): An analysis of vocational rehabilitation services for consumers with hearing impairments who received college or university training. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 156-166. DOI:10.1177/0034355208320074

Abstract

"The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive ability of vocational rehabilitation services for deaf and hard of hearing consumers who received college and university training. The RSA-911 database for fiscal year 2004 was analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of 21 services in leading to competitive employment. A model predicting competitive employment included job search assistance, job placement, maintenance, rehabilitation technology, transportation, information and referral services, and other services. Results from the logistic regression analysis are discussed in relation to the implications to practitioners and educators." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Carter, Erik W., Audrey A. Trainor, Orhan Cakiroglu, Odessa Cole, Beth Swedeen, Nicole Ditchman & Laura Owens (2009): Exploring school-employer partnerships to expand career development and early work experiences for youth with disabilities. In: Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 145-159. DOI:10.1177/0885728809344590

Abstract

"Although career development and early work experiences are associated with improved postschool employment outcomes for youth with disabilities, transition personnel report having few natural community partners to support and enhance these experiences. We surveyed 135 chambers of commerce and other employer networks to examine (a) whether and how these networks have partnered previously with local high schools on 18 youth-focused career development activities, (b) the extent to which they would consider such involvement to be feasible, and (c) the influence of disability status of youth on their responses. Although respondents considered a number of youth-focused support activities to be feasible, most chambers had limited previous involvement and their views and experiences were clearly influenced by the disability status of youth. Recommendations for expanding the involvement of employer networks in supporting the career development and early work experiences of youth are offered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dewson, Sara, Darcy Hill, Nigel Meager & Rebecca Willison (2009): Evaluation of access to work. Core evaluation. (Great Britain, Department of Work and Pensions. Research report 619), London, 98 S.

Abstract

"The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) commissioned the Institute for Employment Studies (IES) to undertake a qualitative evaluation of Access to Work (AtW) provision. AtW is designed for people with long-term health conditions or impairments who need extra practical support to gain or remain in work. The types of support provided by AtW includes: special aids and equipment; adaptations to premises and equipment; travel to work grants; support workers; and, communicator support at interview. Any help received from AtW is in addition to the reasonable adjustments made by employers in accordance with the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Guy, Barbara A., Patricia L. Sitlington, Michael D. Larsen & Alan R. Frank (2009): What are high schools offering as preparation for employment? In: Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 30-41. DOI:10.1177/0885728808318625

Abstract

"The purpose of this study is to determine (a) the patterns that existed in employment preparation courses offered by districts across a midwestern state and (b) the primary intent, primary method of instruction, and location of the classroom-based and work-based components of these courses. Findings indicated that (a) employment preparation offerings were limited, (b) career and technical education was the primary vehicle for delivering employment preparation, (c) the majority of employment preparation course work was offered in the classroom setting, (d) the intent of instruction for work-based-only courses was different from other delivery models, (e) the primary method of instruction in classroom-based-only courses was combined lecture and experiential, and (f) the method of delivering work-based learning differed by model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jones, Melanie K. & Peter J. Sloane (2009): Disability and skill mismatch. (IZA discussion paper 4430), Bonn, 32 S.

Abstract

"This paper integrates two strands of literature on overskilling and disability using the 2004 British Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS). It finds that the disabled are significantly more likely to be mismatched in the labour market, to suffer from a pay penalty and to have lower job satisfaction, the effects being stronger for the work-limited disabled. Giving workers more discretion over how they perform their work would significantly reduce these negative effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Krause, James S. & Karla S. Reed (2009): Obtaining employment after spinal cord injury. Relationship with pre- and postinjury education. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 27-33. DOI:10.1177/0034355208329443

Abstract

"The authors identify the association of educational milestones obtained before and after spinal cord injury (SCI) with post injury employment (PIE). Survey data were collected from 1,362 adults younger than 65, with traumatic SCI of at least 1 year duration who were not currently attending school. The sole outcome was obtaining PIE - whether the individual had worked at any time since SCI onset. Approximately 54% of eligible participants worked post-SCI. Logistic regression was used to identify the odds of employment as a function of the educational milestones while controlling for other characteristics. With the exception of a high school certificate, completing educational milestones after injury was associated with substantially higher odds of employment than when they were completed prior to injury. The results underscore the need for post injury education, even among individuals who have extensive training and education at the time of injury." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lindstrom, Lauren E., K. Brigid Flannery, Michael R. Benz, Brandon Olszewski & Roz Slovic (2009): Building employment training partnerships between vocational rehabilitation and community colleges. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 189-201. DOI:10.1177/0034355208323946

Abstract

"This article examined the implementation of an occupational skills training partnership developed between the Oregon Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Services and four local community colleges. Case study methods were used to describe the pattern of services provided to rehabilitation consumers and document the resulting changes in the community college and rehabilitation systems. Data were collected through individual and group interviews, document review, and written surveys. All consumers served in the case study sites received (a) orientation to the community college; (b) career exploration and planning; (c) individualized curriculum and customized training plans; (d) access to additional college services; (e) ongoing progress monitoring, support, and advocacy; and (f) exit planning and job placement services. Partnership services resulted in improved access to the community college and increased the ability of consumers with disabilities to successfully navigate the community college system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pagán, Ricardo & Miguel Ángel Malo (2009): Job satisfaction and disability: lower expectations about jobs or a matter of health? In: Spanish Economic Review, Jg. 11, H. 1, S. 51-74. DOI:10.1007/s10108-008-9043-9

Abstract

"This article focuses on the analysis of the reported differentials of job satisfaction for disabled and non-disabled individuals. Using the Spanish data of the European Community Household Panel during the period 1995-2001, we estimate a job satisfaction equation for each group and evaluate job satisfaction differentials through the Oaxaca-Blinder methodology. The results show that disabled individuals are more likely to be more satisfied in their jobs than non-disabled ones, but only after controlling for other variables. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows the greater importance of the returns in job satisfaction for disabled people, which is supported by explanations based on the lower expectations about jobs of disadvantaged groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stadlmayr, Martina, Marlene Lentner & Karl Niederberger (2009): Evaluierung der Berufsausbildungsassistenz in Oberösterreich. Ergebnisse einer Studie des AMS Oberösterreich. (AMS-Info 141), S. 1-4.

Abstract

"Mit der seit September 2003 geltenden Novelle des Berufsausbildungsgesetzes (§8b) wurde die so genannte 'Integrative Berufsausbildung ' (IBA) eingeführt. Diese hat zum Ziel, die Eingliederung von benachteiligten Jugendlichen mit persönlichen Vermittlungshindernissen in das Berufsleben zu verbessern. Zielgruppe der IBA sind Jugendliche, die vom AMS nicht in ein reguläres Lehrverhältnis vermittelt werden konnten und auf die eine der folgenden Voraussetzungen zutrifft (§8b,Abs.4BAG): 1. Jugendliche, die während ihrer Schulzeit einen sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf hatten; 2. Jugendliche mit negativem bzw. ohne Hauptschulabschluss; 3. Jugendliche mit einer Behinderung nach dem Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz oder dem Landesbehindertengesetz; 4. Jugendliche, die aus in ihrer Person gelegenen Gründen in absehbarer Zeit keine reguläre Lehrstelle finden können. Nach den Bestimmungen des Berufsausbildungsgesetzes (BAG) können gegenüber der für den Lehrberuf festgesetzten Dauer der Lehrzeit längere Lehrzeiten vereinbart (§8bAbs.1) oder eine Ausbildung in Teilqualifikation (§8bAbs.2) durchgeführt werden. Eine verlängerte Lehre ist sinnvoll, wenn angenommen werden kann, dass die Person zwar vielleicht länger für die Lehrausbildung braucht, grundsätzlich aber in der Lage ist, einen Lehrabschluss zu schaffen. Eine Teilqualifikation ist dann sinnvoll, wenn es absehbar ist, dass die Person die Lehrabschlussprüfung auch nicht mit einer Verlängerung schaffen wird, jedoch Teile eines oder mehrerer Lehrberufe sehr wohl erlernt werden können. In der IBA sind demnach zwei Möglichkeiten der Ausbildung vorgesehen:
- Die erste Variante sieht einen Lehrvertrag über die gesamten Ausbildungsinhalte eines Lehrberufes mit einer verlängerbaren Lehrzeit vor (Verlängerung um ein Jahr bzw. in Ausnahmefällen um zwei Jahre, wenn dies für die Absolvierung der Lehrabschlussprüfung notwendig ist), wobei die Verlängerung zu Beginn oder auch während der Lehrzeit vereinbart werden kann.
- Die zweite vorgesehene Möglichkeit ist die Ausbildung in Teilqualifikationen eines Lehrberufes (Dauer ein bis drei Jahre) durch Einschränkung auf bestimmte Teile eines Berufsbildes eines Lehrberufes, allenfalls unter Ergänzung von Fertigkeiten und Kenntnissen aus Berufsbildern weiterer Lehrberufe. Die Ausbildung erfolgt dual, d.h. einerseits in einem Ausbildungsbetrieb bzw. einer selbständigen Ausbildungseinrichtung, andererseits durch Unterricht in der Berufsschule. Zentrales Element der IBA ist die Begleitung durch die Berufsausbildungsassistenz (BAS), welche die Jugendlichen während ihrer gesamten Ausbildungszeit begleitet und unterstützt. Die Berufsausbildungsassistenz hat zum Ziel, den erfolgreichen Lehr- oder Ausbildungsabschluss des Lehrlings dadurch zu begleiten und zu unterstützen, indem sie als Anlauf- und Koordinationsstelle für alle an der Durchführung der IBA beteiligten Personen und Einrichtungen agiert (Erziehungsberechtigte, Lehrbetrieb oder Ausbildungseinrichtung, Berufsschulen, Landesschulrat sowie Kostenträger, also Arbeitsmarktservice, Bundessozialamt, Land)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bollens, Joost, Igor Tomes, Kristina Koldinska, Bent Greve, Annegret Litz, Eberhard Eichenhofer, Andreas Jenak, Mel Cousins & Simon Roberts (2008): Integration into work of persons who were already disabled before adulthood. National reports. Annex. Tilburg, 352 S.

Abstract

Das Buch ist ein Anhang zu dem niederländischen Bericht mit dem Titel 'Arbeidsparticipatie van jonggehandicapten, Een onderzoek naar Europese systemen en praktijken'. Diese Studie basierte auf einzelnen nationalen Berichten zur Teilhabe junger Menschen mit Behinderungen, die jeweils von Wissenschaftlern der beteiligten Länder geliefert wurden. Die Veröffentlichung enthält eine Kompilation dieser Länderberichte in unredigierter Form. Die Länderberichte geben jeweils Bestandsaufnahmen der Arbeitsmarktsituation junger behinderter Menschen in Belgien, der Tschechischen Republik, in Dänemark, Deutschland, Irland und Großbritannien. Sie enthalten Beschreibungen des jeweiligen politischen Systems und der Zuständigkeiten, einen Überblick über Behindertenrecht und -gesetzgebung, institutionelle Bedingungen und Voraussetzungen für die Förderung und Unterstützung junger Behinderter, über Einrichtungen zur Eingliederung junger Behinderter in den Arbeitsmarkt, Beispiele für 'best practice' bei der Förderung der Eingliederung sowie Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen für die Politik. (IAB)

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Heckl, Eva, Celine Dörflinger, Andrea Dorr & Susanne Klimmer (2008): Evaluierung der integrativen Berufsausbildung (IBA). Endbericht. Wien, 190 S.

Abstract

"Die integrative Berufsausbildung (IBA) fügt sich in die österreichische Behindertenpolitik indem sie das duale Ausbildungssystem für benachteiligte Jugendliche öffnet und die Bemühungen um eine Integration beeinträchtigter Personen in den Schulen und auf dem Arbeitsmarkt fortsetzt. Sie richtet sich an Jugendliche, die eine der Hauptzielgruppen im Rahmen der Beschäftigungsoffensive der Bundesregierung für behinderte Menschen darstellen. Die Regelungen zur integrativen Berufsausbildung sind seit September 2003 in Österreich in Kraft, als das Berufsausbildungsgesetz um den § 8b ergänzt wurde. Der vorliegende Endbericht dient der Evaluierung von § 8 des Bundesausbildungsgesetzes." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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(2008): Berufliche Integration für Menschen mit Behinderungen - Luxus oder Notwendigkeit? (Schriftenreihe der Interkantonalen Hochschule für Heilpädagogik Zürich 25), Luzern: Edition SZH/CSPS, 167 S.

Abstract

"Der Übergang von der Schule in die Arbeitswelt erweist sich für Jugendliche mit Beeinträchtigungen oder Behinderungen häufig als schwierig. Trotz vielfältiger Projekte gibt es aber wenig wissenschaftlich gesicherte Erkenntnisse. In einem speziellen Forschungsschwerpunkt versucht deshalb die Interkantonale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik (HfH) seit fünf Jahren Antworten auf diese drängenden Fragen zu geben und Lösungsansätze aufzuzeigen. Im vorliegenden Buch werden wesentliche Ergebnisse aus sechs Projekten präsentiert, welche sich z.B. mit der Berufsbildung für schulisch schwächere Jugendliche, der beruflichen Integration von Hörgeschädigten oder den Ausbildungswegen von Lernenden aus Sonderklassen und -schulen befassen. Die Beiträge aus den HfH-Projekten werden in Bezug gesetzt zu Praxisbeispielen, die eine gelungene Umsetzung im Sinne von 'best practice' aufzeigen. Schließlich wird in einem Beitrag die internationale Perspektive skizziert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Migliore, Alberto & John Butterworth (2008): Trends in outcomes of the vocational rehabilitation program for adults with developmental disabilities: 1995-2005. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 35-44. DOI:10.1177/0034355208320075

Abstract

"This article describes national trends in outcomes of the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, with a focus on adults with developmental disabilities during the period of 1995 to 2005. Findings show that the VR program has made substantial progress in excluding extended employment from the array of possible employment closures. Efforts are needed, however, to increase the number of people placed in integrated employment and the earnings at closure while reducing the time frame from application to closure. The study suggests that to achieve these results, practices that lead to above-average outcomes should be identified and disseminated to agencies that show below-average outcomes; the Rehabilitation Act should be rigorously interpreted to prioritize self-sufficiency of VR recipients; and data management should be enhanced through better performance measurement and rapid reporting to state VR agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pavey, Sue, Graeme Douglas & Christine Corcoran (2008): Transition into adulthood and work. Findings from Network 1000. In: The British Journal of Visual Impairment, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 202-216. DOI:10.1177/0264619607088283

Abstract

"This article draws upon data from a large scale project called 'Network 1000'. Network 1000 seeks to survey the changing needs and opinions of visually impaired adults. Data have been collected from 1007 visually impaired people across Great Britain. This analysis focuses upon a sub-sample of approximately 250 adults aged between 18 and 42 years. In all cases, the onset of these participants' visual impairment was during childhood (i.e. under 17 years of age). The analysis presents data in relation to their education and employment, and reflects upon the factors that seem to be associated with both. It appears that earlier onset of visual impairment is associated with higher levels of educational achievement. There was no clear link between the current level of visual impairment (at the time of interview) and educational achievement. In terms of employment, those with higher levels of educational qualification were more likely to be employed. Those with lower levels of qualifications were more likely to describe themselves as 'long term sick and disabled' or 'unemployed'. Employment rates amongst younger visually impaired people appeared higher for those who had childhood visual impairment than those who did not. This suggests a positive impact of education. Also, employment rates were generally much better amongst younger visually impaired people than those over 50 years old. Nevertheless, the reported employment rate of 40 per cent is still very low. Some time is also spent considering visually impaired adults with severe learning and communication difficulties and their lives following compulsory education, including possible explanations for their likely under-representation in the project sample." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hollenweger, Judith, Peter Hübner & Klaus Hasemann (Hrsg.) (2007): Behinderungen beim Übergang von der Schule ins Erwerbsleben. Expertenbericht aus drei deutschsprachigen Ländern. Zürich: Verlag Pestalozzianum, 155 S.

Abstract

"Das Buch untersucht in einem systematischen Vergleich die Praxis der drei deutschsprachigen Länder Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz im Hinblick auf die Förderung Jugendlicher mit Behinderungen und Lernschwierigkeiten. Erforscht werden dabei die Bereiche Arbeitsmarkt, Bildung und soziale Sicherung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Pigott, Linda & Ann-Marie Houghton (2007): Transition experiences of disabled young people. In: International Journal of Lifelong Education, Jg. 26, H. 5, S. 573-587. DOI:10.1080/02601370701559664

Abstract

"This paper outlines the changing employment climate and shift in attitudes towards disabled people who are expected to become economically active in order to fulfil their role as responsible citizens. We briefly describe the employment profile of disabled people and reiterate the combination of factors identified in shaping progression into the workforce. We provide a summary of two research projects, the Disability Effective Inclusive Policies (DEIP) funded by European Social Fund with a clear connection to EU equity and employability agenda, and the Lancashire Aimhigher Disability (LAD) project designed to support the government's aim of widening participation. We discuss aspects of the transition process, drawing explicitly on interviews with disabled people, policy makers and practitioners involved in developing or implementing policy and providing support services designed to aid the transition process. We conclude that there is a continuing need for a focus on the concept of transition in policy and practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Egger-Subotitsch, Andrea & René Sturm (Hrsg.) (2006): Damit fertig werden, das Beste herausholen und es irgendwie schaffen. Beiträge zur Fachtagung "Physisch und psychisch beeinträchtigte Personen am Arbeitsmarkt" vom 15. März 2005 in Wien. (AMS report 49), Wien: Communicatio Kommunikations- und PublikationsgmbH, 75 S.

Abstract

"Der AMS report 49 beinhaltet Beiträge anläßlich einer von der Abteilung Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich gemeinsam mit der Caritas Österreich veranstalteten Fachtagung. Den Veranstaltern war es ein Anliegen, durch die Tagung einen kritischen Austausch von VertreterInnen aus REHA-Forschung und REHA-Praxis über die Situation von RehabilitandInnen am Arbeitsmarkt zu fördern." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Hermes, Gisela & Eckhard Rohrmann (Hrsg.) (2006): "Nichts über uns - ohne uns!". Disability Studies als neuer Ansatz emanzipatorischer und interdisziplinärer Forschung über Behinderung. (Materialien der AG SPAK M 187), Neu-Ulm: AG-SPAK, 253 S.

Abstract

"Disability Studies verstehen sich als interdisziplinär ausgerichtete Forschungsstrategie, die davon ausgeht, dass Behinderung kein spezifisches Wesensmerkmal von Behinderten ist, sondern gesellschaftlich konstruiert wird. Demnach ist Behinderung kein individuelles Problem, sondern das Produkt gesellschaftlicher Bedingungen und Verhältnisse, die Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Beeinträchtigungen bei der sozialen Teilhabe an allen gesellschaftlichen Lebensbereichen behindern. Im Sinne der Disability Studies sind Menschen mit Behinderungen nach dem Motto 'Nichts über uns - ohne uns' als Subjekte und als Expert/inn/en ihrer eigenen Situation aktiv in Politik und Forschung mit einzubeziehen.
Um die Belange behinderter Menschen und die Sichtweisen der Betroffenen angemessen aufgreifen zu können, sind die Disability Studies auf einen intensiven Austausch zwischen Forschung, Politik und Praxis angewiesen. Hierzu versammelt dieser Band Beiträge von Autor/inn/en mit unterschiedlichen disziplinären und biografischen Hintergründen, die aus ihrer jeweiligen Perspektive die Disability Studies vorstellen, das Spannungsfeld zwischen der politischen Behindertenbewegung und diesem Forschungsansatz beleuchten und zeigen, auf welche Weise dieser in den verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen und Lebensbereichen umgesetzt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Too many workers leave the labour market permanently due to health problems, and yet too many people with a disabling condition are denied the opportunity to work. This is a social and economic tragedy common to virtually all OECD countries, and an apparent paradox that needs explaining. Why is it that health is improving, yet more and more people of working age end up out of the workforce relying on long-term sickness and disability benefits? This first report in a new OECD series on sickness, disability and work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Norway, Poland and Switzerland, and highlights the role of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward. In all three countries, too little is done to avoid the flow from work to benefits and to move benefit recipients back to employment. At the same time, financial incentives to work and obligations for disabled people on benefits as well as employers are too weak. Many people with health problems can work, and want to work, so having a policy based around an assumption that they cannot work is fundamentally flawed. Helping those people to work is potentially a true 'win-win' policy: it helps people avoid exclusion and have higher incomes, at the same time as raising the prospect of higher economic output in the long term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Barnes, Colin & Geof Mercer (2005): Disability, work, and welfare. Challenging the social exclusion of disabled people. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 527-545. DOI:10.1177/0950017005055669

Abstract

"This article engages with debates relating to social policy and disabled people's exclusion from the British labour market. Drawing on recent developments from within the disabled people's movement, in particular, the concept of independent living and the social model of disability, and the associated disability studies literature, a critical evaluation of orthodox sociological theories of work, unemployment, and under-employment in relation to disabled people's exclusion from the workplace is provided. It is argued that hitherto, analyses of work and disability have failed to address in sufficient depth or breadth the various social and environmental barriers that confront disabled people. It is suggested therefore that a reconfiguration of the meaning of work for disabled people - drawing on and commensurate with disabled people's perspectives as expressed by the philosophy of independent living - and a social model analysis of their oppression is needed and long overdue." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chatterji, Pinka, Margarita Alegria, Mingshan Lu & David Takeuchi (2005): Psychiatric disorders and labor market outcomes. Evidence from the National Latino and Asian American study. (NBER working paper 11893), Cambridge, Mass., 43 S. DOI:10.3386/w11893

Abstract

"This paper investigates to what extent psychiatric disorders and mental distress affect labor market outcomes among ethnic minorities of Latino and Asian descent, most of whom are immigrants. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study, we examine the labor market effects of meeting diagnostic criteria for any psychiatric disorder in the past 12 months as well as the effects of psychiatric distress in the past year. Among Latinos, psychiatric disorders and mental distress are associated with detrimental effects on employment and absenteeism, similar to effects found in previous analyses of mostly white, American born populations. Among Asians, we find mixed evidence that psychiatric disorders and mental distress detract from labor market outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Watson, Debby, Val Williams & Claire Wickham (2005): A valued part of the workforce? Final report of the sequal project on employment and disabled people. Guildford, 181 S.

Abstract

Zwischen 8,6 und 11 Millionen Menschen mit Behinderungen leben in Großbritannen, und rund die Hälfte von ihnen ist erwerbstätig. Die Studie gibt einen Überblick über Diskriminierung und Beschäftigungsbarrieren für Menschen mit Behinderungen sowie über beschäftigungspolitische Initiativen zur Beschäftigungsförderung Behinderter. Regionale Initiativen in Südwest-England werden vorgestellt, und es wird herausgearbeitet, welche Merkmale erfolgreiche Initiativen auszeichnen. Menschen mit Lernbeeinträchtigung und Hörbehinderung arbeiteten bei dem Projekt mit. Barrieren für Erwerbstätigkeit liegen vor allem in negativen Einstellungen gegenüber Behinderungen im Bildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem und in den geringen Anreizen des Sozialsystems. Thematisiert werden nicht nur die Schwierigkeiten des beruflichen Einstiegs, sondern auch des beruflichen Aufstiegs und der Qualität der Arbeit. Speziell für Lern- und Hörbehinderte sind Isolation am Arbeitsplatz und geringe Aufstiegschancen ein Problem. Ein Kapitel ist der Situation behinderter Studenten und Hochschulabsolventen gewidmet. Sowohl auf der Arbeitgeberseite als auch auf Seiten der behinderten Arbeitssuchenden wird ein Mangel an Informationen festgestellt. Positiv wird vermerkt, dass insbesondere Menschen mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen zunehmend Möglichkeiten zu Teilzeitarbeit und flexiblen Arbeitszeiten wahrnehmen. Beschäftigungspolitische, personalpolitische und individuelle Beispiele illustrieren, dass es für Menschen mit Behinderungen möglich ist, qualitativ hochwertige Arbeit zu leisten. Empfohlen wird eine realistische Einschätzung der Möglichkeiten und Bedürfnisse der Beschäftigung und die Förderung positiver Leitbilder bei allen Beteiligten. (IAB)

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Paulik, Richard, Karl Matzeder, Volker Brand, Roland Wahler, Ulrike Arnhard & Peter Hofer (1999): Arbeitsassistenz und berufliche Integration in Bayern und Oberösterreich. Theorien, Konzepte, Strategien. Linz: Edition Pro Mente, 257 S.

Abstract

In Anlehnung an die Konzepte der bayerischen Arbeitsassistenz wurde in Österreich in den Jahren 1992-1994 das Modellprojekt Arbeitsassistenz durchgeführt. Im ersten Teil des Buches werden die Erfahrungen bis 1997 aufgearbeitet. Im zweiten Teil referieren Verantwortliche über neue Entwicklungen der Arbeitsassistenz in Bayern, welche in Richtung einer stärkeren Koordination der verschiedenen mit beruflicher Integration befassten Institutionen bzw. ihrer Handlungsweisen gehen. Die Beiträge betonen zum Teil stärker arbeits- und sozialpolitische Aspekte und behandeln auch das Casemanagement-Support-System. (IAB2)