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Burgard, Sarah A., Michael R. Elliott, Kara Zivin & James S. House (2013): Working conditions and depressive symptoms. A prospective study of US adults. In: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, Jg. 55, H. 9, S. 1007-1014. DOI:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182a299af

Abstract

"Objective: Prior longitudinal studies of negative working conditions and depression generally have used a single exposure indicator, such as job strain, and have required consistent availability of the measure across waves and selection of only those working at all measurement points.
Methods: Up to four waves of the Americans' Changing Lives study (1986 to 2001/2) and item-response theory (IRT) models were used to generate wave-specific measures of negative working conditions. Random-intercept linear mixed models assessed the association between the score and depressive symptoms.
Results: Adjusting for covariates, negative working conditions were associated with significantly greater depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: A summary score of negative working conditions allowed the use of all available working conditions measures and predicted depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US workers observed for up to 15 years. Linear mixed models also allowed retention of intermittent workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Carter, Bob, Andy Danford, Debra Howcroft, Helen Richardson, Andrew Smith & Phil Taylor (2013): 'Stressed out of my box': employee experience of lean working and occupational ill-health in clerical work in the UK public sector. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 27, H. 5, S. 747-767. DOI:10.1177/0950017012469064

Abstract

"Occupational health and safety (OHS) is under-researched in the sociology of work and employment. This deficit is most pronounced for white-collar occupations. Despite growing awareness of the significance of psychosocial conditions - notably stress - and musculoskeletal disorders, white-collar work is considered by conventional OHS discourse to be 'safe'. This study's locus is clerical processing in the UK public sector, specifically Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, in the context of efficiency savings programmes. The key initiative was lean working, which involved redesigned workflow, task fragmentation, standardization and individual targets. Utilizing a holistic model of white-collar OHS and in-depth quantitative and qualitative data, the evidence of widespread self-reported ill-health symptoms is compelling. Statistical tests of association demonstrate that the transformed work organization that accompanied lean working contributed most to employees', particularly women's, ill-health complaints." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cottini, Elena & Claudio Lucifora (2013): Mental health and working conditions in Europe. In: ILR review, Jg. 66, H. 4, S. 958-988. DOI:10.1177/001979391306600409

Abstract

"The authors investigate recent patterns in mental health at the workplace across 15 European countries using three waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. Their study shows that adverse working conditions, defined in terms of job demands and job hazards, are strongly associated with workers' mental health problems, and it also finds a causal effect of job quality on workers' mental health. Their analysis detects heterogeneous effects across countries and demographic groups and shows that labor market regulations and health care systems explain some of these cross-country differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Engelhardt, Henriette & Thomas Leopold (Hrsg.); Schoen, Peter, Andrea Gehring, Lisa Heinrich, Sabine Pöschko, Erika Schlichenmaier, Andreas Franken, Anna Lindner & Nicole Mink (2013): Alternde Gesellschaften in Europa. Empirische Untersuchungen mit Daten des SHARE. (Bamberger Beiträge zur Soziologie 10), Bamberg, 112 S.

Abstract

"Dieser Band präsentiert drei ausgewählte empirische Studien, die im Rahmen des Bevölkerungswissenschaftlichen Forschungspraktikums an der Universität Bamberg entstanden sind. Der erste Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit 'familialen Transferregimes' in Europa, dem privaten Äquivalent zu öffentlichen Wohlfahrtsstaatsregimes. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse steht die Frage, ob und wie sich osteuropäische Länder von nord-, west- und südeuropäischen Regimetypen unterscheiden. Der zweite Beitrag untersucht, ob sich ältere Menschen nach dem Renteneintritt gleichbleibend, vermehrt oder seltener ehrenamtlich engagieren. Der dritte Beitrag konzentriert sich ebenfalls auf die Effekte des Renteneintritts. Diese Arbeit geht der Frage nach, ob die Verrentung für ältere Menschen ein stressauslösendes Ereignis ist, das den gesundheitlichen Abbau beschleunigt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren untersuchen diese aktuellen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen mit Daten der ersten beiden Wellen des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fagerlind, Anna-Carin, Maria Gustavsson, Gun Johansson & Kerstin Ekberg (2013): Experience of work-related flow. Does high decision latitude enhance benefits gained from job resources? In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 83, H. 2, S. 171-180. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.03.010

Abstract

"Flow is an experience of enjoyment, intrinsic motivation and absorption, which may occur in situations involving high challenges and high skill utilization. This study investigated the likelihood of experiencing work-related flow in relation to the job strain categories of the demand - control model, and to job resources such as social capital and an innovative learning climate. A questionnaire was sent out to employees in nine Swedish organizations (n = 3667, 57% response rate). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The results show that active jobs, low-strain jobs, a high degree of social capital and innovative learning climate increased the likelihood of experiencing work-related flow. In jobs with high decision latitude, regardless of demands, there was an increased likelihood to benefit from social capital and an innovative learning climate. The results emphasize the importance of autonomy and skill utilization, to enable the use of additional job resources in order to promote work-related flow and well-being at work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gstrein, Michaela, Liliana Mateeva, Petra Rodiga-Laßnig, Pamela Abbott & Claire Wallace (2013): Third European quality of life survey. Quality of life in Europe: Quality of society and public services. Dublin, 113 S. DOI:10.2806/37653

Abstract

"This report explores how Europeans perceive the quality of their societies, and of their public services. It looks at such aspects of society as trust in institutions and other people, perceived tensions between social groups, attitudes towards migrants and the effects of the economic crisis on social inclusion and social cohesion. It finds that satisfaction with the economic situation of one's country, not being in employment and overall life satisfaction appear to boost satisfaction with public services; hardship appears to reduce it. In societal terms, trust in institutions decreased visibly from 2007 to 2011. Trust in people however changed less than trust in institutions and is more similar across the EU. A positive relationship exists between trust in institutions and satisfaction with the economic situation of one's own country; a negative relationship between trust in institutions and inequality. And tensions were perceived to be highest between different racial and ethnic groups and between rich and poor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Huemer, Ulrike & Christine Mayrhuber (2013): Erwerbsaustritts- und Pensionsantrittsdynamik im Bausektor. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 86, H. 11, S. 869-882.

Abstract

"Die hohe körperliche Arbeitsbelastung und die großen Schwankungen der Beschäftigungsnachfrage im Jahresverlauf kennzeichnen den Arbeitsmarkt im Bauwesen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund dieser Charakteristika unterscheiden sich die Erwerbsaustritts- und die Pensionsantrittsdynamik der Bauarbeiter von der Gesamtwirtschaft. Krankheitsbedingte Pensionierungen sind häufiger (Bauwirtschaft 62%, Gesamtwirtschaft 53%), allerdings ist das durchschnittliche Antrittsalter höher (54,7 Jahre) als in der Gesamtwirtschaft (52,9 Jahre). Der Erwerbsaustritt erfolgt 1,5 Jahre (Bauwirtschaft) bzw. 1,7 Jahre (Gesamtwirtschaft) vor dem Pensionsantritt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Krenn, Manfred (2013): Well-being and work. Dublin, 9 S.

Abstract

"Well-being, health and safety at work and work-related health problems have been attracting growing public attention in Austria in recent years. An indicator for this rise in interest is the implementation of the Austrian Occupational Health Monitor by the Upper Austrian Chamber of Labour. The survey tries to analyse the links between working conditions and the health status of employees on the basis of very rich data. Some of the most interesting results are presented in this report." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Loisel, Patrick & Johannes R. Anema (Hrsg.) Feuerstein, Michael, Ellen MacEachen, Glenn Pransky & Katia Costa-Black (Mithrsg.) (2013): Handbook of work disability. Prevention and management. New York: Springer London, 513 S. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4614-6214-9

Abstract

As work is recognized as beneficial to people's well-being, its absence is being considered in greater detail. Increasingly, work disability is being understood as a public health issue, and work disability prevention is gaining strength as an aspect of occupational health. The Handbook of Work Disability overviews this emerging field in accessible and practical fashion. This timely volume offers current theory for understanding the determinants of work disability (regardless of illness or injury that keeps individuals from the workplace), and a template for interventions that benefit both patient and other stakeholders. Experts across multiple fields examine the lives of work disabled patients, analyze the societal and workplace burden of work disability, and review bedrock concepts of the disability and its prevention. Featuring assessment tools, evidence-based intervention strategies, and insights into disorder-specific populations, this is information useful to the practicing clinician, the researcher, and the trainee. ;
Included in the Handbook:;
┐ Pain, chronicity, and disability;
┐ Measuring outcomes in work disability prevention;
┐ The influence of care providers on work disability;
┐ Psychosocial factors for disability and return to work;
┐ Core components of return-to-work interventions;
┐ Plus issue-specific chapters on low back pain, TBI, mental illness, and cancer.

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(2013): Mental health and work: Belgium. (Mental health and work), Paris, 119 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264187566-en

Abstract

"Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Belgium is the first in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that Belgium can build on a system with a number of structural strengths that are not yet exploited to the best possible extent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mohseni-Cheraghlou, Amin (2013): Labor markets and mental wellbeing. Labor market conditions and suicides in the United States (1979-2004). In: The Journal of Socio-Economics, Jg. 45, H. August, S. 175-186. DOI:10.1016/j.socec.2013.05.003

Abstract

"Applying a fixed-effects panel analysis to a 1979-2004 panel data of the U.S. states, this essay re-examines the link between labor markets and suicides in the United States. By disaggregating the analysis across genders and three different age groups (20-34, 35-64, and 65+) and analyzing several other labor market indicators besides overall unemployment rates, the essay finds that deteriorations in labor markets is associated with hikes in suicide rates of only men and women between 35 and 64 years of age. In other words, higher group-specific unemployment rates, larger deviations of unemployment rates from their group-specific trends, and larger variance in the overall unemployment rates are all associated with higher suicide rates of adults aged 35-64, or prime working-age adults. These findings suggest that the mental wellbeing of prime working-age adults is more dependent on labor market conditions than people in other age groups. Therefore, during period when prime working-age adults are facing unfavorable labor market conditions, U.S. suicide prevention programs must especially target this group of population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2013): Mental health and work: Denmark. (Mental health and work), Paris, 124 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264188631-en

Abstract

"Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Denmark is the third in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that the Danish system has a number of strengths that have yet to be used in a more effective way, but also that quite a few changes are needed in order to raise the labour market particiption of people with mental ill-health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2013): Mental health and work: Sweden. (Mental health and work), Paris, 130 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264188730-en

Abstract

"Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Sweden is the second in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that Swedish policy makers recognise the need to take steps to tackle mental ill-health and its labour market implications, but that a more comprehensive reform effort and a long-term commitment to it is needed in order to prevent problems from arising in the first place and respond more effectively when they do occur." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Suh, Ellie, Tiffany Tsang, Polly Vizard, Asghar Zaidi & Tania Burchardt (2013): Third European quality of life survey. Quality of life in Europe: Social inequalities. Dublin, 69 S. DOI:10.2806/45943

Abstract

"This report examines social inequalities in the distribution of freedoms and opportunities among individuals and population subgroups in Europe. Using data from the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), the report builds up an evidence base on social inequalities in four critical areas of life: health, standard of living, productive and valued activities, and individual, family and social life. It examines the role of important determinants of social inequalities including gender, age, disability status, employment status and citizenship status, as well as other drivers. The report finds that, in some instances, there is evidence of disadvantages becoming more prevalent and social inequalities widening between the second wave of the EQLS in 2007 and the third wave in 2011. It recommends that growing policy attention to the multidimensional aspects of well-being be coupled with effective public action to address social inequalities and integrated into general policies at the European and Member State levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vercruyssen, Anina & Bart van de Putte (2013): Work-family conflict and stress: indications of the distinctiveness of role combination stress for Belgian working mothers. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 351-371. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2013.776515

Abstract

"Research on the relation between work-family conflict (WFC) and stress focuses either on domain/role-specific stress (e.g. work stress), which is by definition and, operationalisation attributed to the respective role, or it focuses on 'general' stress, which can be a too broad or too general concept to measure stress related to WFC. This study introduces the concept of 'role combination stress' to indicate a stress that is more specifically related to the work-family role system and WFC than general and role-specific stress. The analysis of data on 429 Flemish working mothers shows that role combination stress is indeed a distinct type of stress." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"The EU and its citizens faced enormous challenges in 2012 as the limited economic recovery of the previous year stalled, GDP fell and unemployment began to grow again. As this yearbook on Living and working in Europe 2012 describes, one of the starkest findings was the divergence between and within countries. Some Member States have suffered greatly while others have not. Higher-paid jobs have been much more resilient than low to mid-paid jobs and have grown. Groups that were already vulnerable have suffered more in the crisis and countries have diverged on quality of life measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Leschke, Janine, Andrew Watt & Mairead Finn (2012): Job quality in the crisis. An update of the Job Quality Index (JQI). (Working paper / European Trade Union Institute 2012,07), Brüssel, 51 S.

Abstract

"This paper is an update of the synthetic job quality index (JQI) for the EU27 countries which has been created in 2008 (see ETUI Working paper 2008.03 and 2008.07) in an attempt to shed light on the question of how European countries compare with each other and how they are developing over time in terms of job quality. The results point out that the crisis seems to have affected different dimensions of job quality in different ways. Overall, there is a decline in measured job quality and job quality levels in Europe remain highly diverse. There is a clear increase in the use of part-time and fixed-term contracts and/or in the extent to which workers reported that they were working in such jobs involuntarily. Moreover, the numbers of workers who are afraid to lose their job have increased markedly which are clear signs of the declining bargaining power of labour brought on by the crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lindgren, Karl-Oskar (2012): Workplace size and sickness absence transitions. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2012,26), Uppsala, 40 S.

Abstract

"This study examines how workplace size relates to transitions in- and out-of sickness absence. Overall, the study finds important differences in the long-term sickness absence behavior of individuals working in small and large workplaces. In particular, the results show that the sickness spells are of higher incidence, but somewhat shorter duration in large workplaces. However, the results also show that the strength of these relationships varies across different labor market groups. The analysis is based on rich administrative data from Sweden over the period 1994 - 2008." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Odegaard, Fredrik & Pontus Roos (2012): Measuring workers' health and psychosocial work-environment on firm productivity. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2012,17), Uppsala, 41 S.

Abstract

"We discuss a model for analyzing and measuring workers' health and psychosocial work-environment on firm productivity. Productivity is measured through the Malmquist productivity index approach using Data Envelopment Analysis. A novel component of the model is that in addition to standard quantity (or tradable) variables, we incorporate quality (or non-tradable) variables. Specifically we focus on two quality input variables: workers' health status and psychosocial work-environment. The two variables are modelled as latent or unobserved variables using Item Response Theory. Changes over time in productivity are decomposed to asses the contribution from the changes of the input quality variables. The model is illustrated using data from a worksite health promotion program conducted at three large Swedish manufacturing plants (2 paper mills, 1 steel factory) from 2000 to 2003. Over the four years we observe a general improvement in efficiency of 2-5%, out of which half can be attributed to the improvement in the quality input variables." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stier, Haya & Meir Yaish (2012): Occupational segregation and gender inequality in job quality. A multi-level approach. (AIAS working paper 121), Amsterdam, 43 S.

Abstract

"We examine gender differences in perceived quality of employment (achievement, content, job insecurity, job flexibility, and physical and emotional conditions). We ask whether women's occupations provide better conditions in areas that facilitate their dual role in society, such as flexible working schedule, as a trade-off for low monetary rewards. Specifically, we examine how closely women's concentration in broader occupational categories, embedded in particular national contexts, is associated with gender differences in job quality.
Utilizing the 2005 ISSP modules on work orientation, we find that women lag behind men on most dimensions of job quality. This result runs counter to the hypothesis that women's occupations compensate for their low wages and limited opportunities for promotion by providing better employment conditions. Just as important, however, the gender gap is found to narrow in most job quality dimensions as women's relative share in occupations grows. The implications of these results are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vendramin, Patricia & Gerard Valenduc (2012): Occupations and ageing at work. An analysis of the findings of the fifth European Working Conditions Survey. (Working paper / European Trade Union Institute 2012,09), Brüssel, 47 S.

Abstract

"This working paper analyzes the data collected by the fifth European Working Conditions Survey done in 2010 to examine how working conditions are changing for different ages and occupation types. It brings insights into the quality of work and employment amongst ageing workers that help to inform the debate on how 'sustainable' work is according to one's age and occupation.
The authors conclude that the wide range of situations and challenges faced by different occupations demand extreme caution as regards policies to extend working life for all older workers without distinction. This diversity must be factored into the arrangements made to deliver European policy goals of increasing the employment rates of older workers and raising the actual age of retirement.
Moreover, the responsibility for improving working and employment conditions in the final career years also falls to employers and calls for innovative human resources management practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Zolnierczyk-Zreda, Dorota, Sylwia Bedynska & Magdalena Warszewska-Makuch (2012): Work time control and mental health of workers working long hours. The role of gender and age. In: International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, Jg. 18, H. 3, S. 311-320. DOI:10.1080/10803548.2012.11076947

Abstract

"The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between work time control and mental health in workers working long hours. The study also attempted to show how that relationship depended on age and gender. Three hundred and six white-collar workers doing clerical work for over 8 h daily were diagnosed on work time control and mental health with the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. The results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that participants working long hours but having high control over their work time had a significantly higher level of their mental health with regard to somatic complaints and anxiety and marginally higher with regard to social dysfunction than workers with low control over their work time. Male and female workers reported different problems with their mental health depending on what age (stage of life) they were at. It is hypothesized that the work - family conflict, inability to fulfil social commitments and poor working conditions can influence those effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Börsch-Supan, Axel, Martina Brandt, Karsten Hank & Mathis Schröder (Hrsg.) (2011): The individual and the welfare state. Life histories in Europe. Berlin: Springer London, 285 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-17472-8

Abstract

"Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the welfare state such as education policies, access to health care and many types of social protection from poverty relief to housing subsidies and maternity support. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life histories in thirteen European countries - ranging from Scandinavia to Central and Eastern Europe to the Mediterranean - collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement, volunteering and health." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Demerouti, Evangelia, Karin Bouwman & Ana Isabel Sanz-Vergel (2011): Job resources buffer the impact of work-family conflict on absenteeism in female employees. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 10, H. 4, S. 166-176. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000044

Abstract

"This study examines the relationship between work-family conflict and objective absenteeism 1 year later, by demonstrating that several job resources buffer the impact of work-family conflict on absenteeism. Female employees (N = 386) of a large financial services organization participated in the study. Four job resources (i.e., relationship with colleagues, relationship with supervisor, participation in decision making, and developmental possibilities) were used to test the central hypothesis that the interaction between (high) work-family conflict and (low) job resources results in absenteeism (absence frequency and duration). Results of moderated structural equation modeling showed that only participation buffered the effect of work-family conflict on absence frequency, while the buffer hypothesis was confirmed for absence duration since all four two-way interactions were significant. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ehlert, Christoph & Sandra Schaffner (2011): Health effects of temporary jobs in Europe. (Ruhr economic papers 295), Essen, 21 S.

Abstract

"Over the last two decades, temporary employment has gained importance in the European Union. The implications of this development for the health of the workforce are not yet established. Using a unique individual-level data set for 27 European countries, this paper evaluates whether temporary employment is interrelated with self-assessed health. We find pronounced differences in self-assessed health by employment status across European countries. Furthermore, in the EU full-time permanent employed workers report the best health, followed by temporary and part-time employed workers. These differences largely vanish, when taking into account the potential endogeneity between employment status and self-assessed health. However, repeated temporary contracts have a significant negative impact on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Johnson, Richard W., Gordon B. T. Mermin & Matthew Resseger (2011): Job demands and work ability at older ages. In: Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 101-111. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2011.551465

Abstract

"Workers' ability to delay retirement depends partly on the demands of their jobs. Matching occupational characteristics from the Occupational Information Network to Current Population Survey respondents, this study finds that 7% of American workers held highly physically demanding jobs in 2006 and 35% held highly cognitively demanding jobs. The share of the workforce in physically demanding jobs fell by about one-sixth between 1971 and 2006, while the share in cognitively demanding jobs increased by more than one-third. The decline in physically demanding occupations will likely improve employment prospects for older adults, but the growth in cognitive demands may limit options for some older workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Morefield, G. Brant, David C. Ribar & Christopher J. Ruhm (2011): Occupational status and health transitions. (NBER working paper 16794), Cambridge, Mass., 31 S. DOI:10.3386/w16794

Abstract

"We use longitudinal data from the 1984 through 2007 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how occupational status is related to the health transitions of 30 to 59 year-old U.S. males. A recent history of blue-collar employment predicts a substantial increase in the probability of transitioning from very good into bad self-assessed health, relative to white-collar employment, but with no evidence of occupational differences in movements from bad to very good health. These findings are robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. The results suggest that blue-collar workers 'wear out' faster with age because they are more likely, than their white-collar counterparts, to experience negative health shocks. This partly reflects differences in the physical demands of blue-collar and white-collar jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mühlau, Peter (2011): Gender inequality and job quality in Europe. In: Management Revue, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 114-131. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2011-2-114

Abstract

"In this paper, I examine whether and to which degree the quality of work and employment differs between men and women and how these gender differences are shaped by societal beliefs about 'gender equality.' Using data from the 2004 wave of the European Social Survey, I compare the jobs of men and women across a variety of measures of perceived job quality in 26 countries. Key findings are that job quality is gendered: Jobs of men are typically characterized by high training requirements, good promotion opportunities and high levels of job complexity, autonomy and participation. Jobs for women, in contrast, are less likely to pose a health or safety risk or to involve work during antisocial hours. However, contrary to expectation, the job profiles of men and women are not more similar in societies with gender egalitarian norms. While women are relatively more likely to be exposed to health and safety risks, work pressure and demands to work outside regular working time, in more gender- egalitarian societies their work is not, relative to men's, more skilled, complex or autonomous. Neither do more egalitarian societies provide more opportunities for participation and advancement for women than less egalitarian societies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Timmons, Jaimie Ciulla, Allison Cohen Hall, Sheila Lynch Fesko & Alberto Migliore (2011): Retaining the older workforce. Social policy considerations for the universally designed workplace. In: Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 119-140. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2011.551623

Abstract

"Even in the midst of massive layoffs that come with an economic downturn, employers must remain aware of the pending impact of their aging workforce. Losing older employees to retirement drains knowledge and expertise. In response, employers are looking at new ways to retain older workers at the same time that older workers are reevaluating the traditional approach to retirement. This article presents findings from case study research consisting of interviews with key employees at 18 companies in 13 states. Five of those companies subsequently participated in in-person site visits. Interviews were held with a wide range of informants, including company leadership, supervisors, and older workers. Findings include a description of the cultural context within which the development of formal and informal older worker retention strategies occurred, as well as the retention strategies themselves. The discussion section explores the universal nature of these retention initiatives and how consideration of universality benefits not only older workers but a range of diverse groups as well." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2011): Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress. SEC(2011) 241 final. (Commission staff working paper), Brüssel, 93 S.

Abstract

"This report analyses the implementation of the Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress, ('the Agreement'), which the European cross-industry social partners concluded as an autonomous agreement in October 2004 under art 154-155 of the TFEU. The report examines how this Agreement was implemented by national social partners in Member States, and what effect this had on national responses to work-related stress. It also reviews the current level of protection employees have from work-related stress. It examines policy developments and social partners' initiatives in each Member State, and highlights the value-added of the Agreement. However, it also identifies shortcomings in implementation, and limitations in workers' protection. Although there is now wide consensus that work-related stress is a serious issue, and despite significant progress, protection available to workers in Europe is still uneven." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bulgarelli, Aviana (2010): Working and ageing. Emerging theories and empirical perspectives. Luxembourg, 366 S. DOI:10.2801/2277

Abstract

"Reviewing current research literature and presenting new empirical findings, the contributions in this book reflect the ways in which retirement and an ageing workforce are at the intersection of key social changes over recent decades. It addresses the question of what factors enable, or hamper, people to continue working at advanced age; it aims to provide sound and accessible evidence and suggest innovative ways of thinking to support active ageing policies. The book is divided into four parts. By examining emerging career development concepts and learning frameworks for ageing workers, the first part gives a broad view of the subject matter. The second part provides perspectives from comparative cross-national research on ageing, learning and working in Europe. The third part identifies ways of breaking traditional patterns to extend working lives and to assist working beyond retirement age. In the final part, active ageing is approached by considering the role of guidance and employer-supported initiatives. This publication conveys two crucial messages. First, successful active ageing requires commitment and involvement from ageing workers themselves and employers, in a context that supports learning and recognises the specific needs of ageing workers. Second, sustainable labour-market participation at advanced age cannot be achieved without sound understanding of ageing, working and learning and the interconnections between these processes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Börsch-Supan, Axel (2010): SHARE. Ein multidisziplinierter Survey zu den Herausforderungen und Chancen des demografischen Wandels in Europa. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Jg. 65, H. 2, S. 245-251.

Abstract

"Der Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) erfasst individuelle Alternsprozesse in Europa anhand detaillierter längsschnittlicher, multidisziplinär nutzbarer und international harmonisierter Daten zu ihrer gesundheitlichen, finanziellen, sozioökonomischen und familiären Situation. Der Basisdatenerhebung von September 2004 bis Juli 2005 folgte zwei Jahre später eine Wiederholungsbefragung. Die dritte Datenerhebungswelle startete im November 2008 und erhob bis Ende 2009 retrospektive Lebenshistorien. Die vierte Welle wird als klassische Wiederholungsbefragung im Spätherbst 2010 beginnen. Die derzeitige Stichprobe umfasst mehr als 35 000 Menschen ab einem Alter von 50 Jahren in 15 europäischen Ländern, von Skandinavien (Dänemark und Schweden) bis zum Mittelmeer (Spanien, Italien, Griechenland), in Westeuropa (Belgien, Niederlande, Frankreich, Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz, Irland) und Osteuropa (Polen und Tschechien), sowie Israel. 2010 kommen Estland, Luxemburg, Portugal, Slowenien und Ungarn hinzu." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schnell, Christoph (2010): Bei Erwerbsminderung (Älterer): Ausgliederung aus dem Erwerbsleben vermeiden. Was Staat und Arbeitgeber in anderen europäischen Ländern tun. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 59, H. 6-7, S. 218-224.

Abstract

"Ein gemeinsames Ziel der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union in der Alterssicherungspolitik ist die Verlängerung des Erwerbslebens. Das gesetzliche Renteneintrittsalter wurde in vielen Ländern bereits angehoben oder es wird über eine Anhebung diskutiert. Das Ziel eines längeren Erwerbslebens ist insbesondere dann gefährdet, wenn die gesundheitliche Leistungsfähigkeit nachlässt. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Reformen in anderen europäischen Ländern durchgeführt wurden, um die Beschäftigungschancen für - insbesondere ältere - Beschäftigte mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen zu verbessern. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung steht die Frage, welche Rolle den Arbeitgebern dabei in anderen Ländern zugemessen wird." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Siegrist, Johannes & Morten Wahrendorf (2010): Quality of work, health and early retirement. European comparisons. (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 224), Mannheim, 11 S.

Abstract

"'Extending labour marked participation of older people (aged 55+) is an important target of European social policy ('Lisbon Strategy'). In addition to reducing economic incentives of early retirement, investments into 'good' work, in terms of a favourable psychosocial work environment, are proposed as promising measures towards this end. Distinct national social policies may enhance such efforts. In this contribution, we investigate whether important aspects of a 'good' quality of work (in terms of a favourable psychosocial work environment) experienced during a relevant stage of people's employment trajectories are associated with a reduced probability of early retirement. Against this background, we provide preliminary answers to the following three questions:
- Is poor quality of work experienced during a significant period of participants' employment trajectory associated with reduced health alter labour market exit?
- Is poor quality of work experienced during a significant period of participants' employment trajectory associated with a higher probability of early retirement?
- Does quality of work vary according to specific indicators of national labour market and social policies? Does the same hold true for the probability of early retirement?
" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Wahrendorf, Morten & Johannes Siegrist (2010): Working conditions in mid-life and participation in voluntary work after labour market exit. (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 225), Mannheim, 13 S.

Abstract

"- Are working conditions in mid-life associated with participation in productive activities after labour market exit?
- If so, to what degree can this association be explained by better health after labour market exit?
- Which macro factors are related to higher participation rate and might help to increase participation in productive activities in older ages?
To study these questions, we focus an volunteering as an important type of productive activity, and we analyse working conditions, in terms of different aspects of respondents' work history (see Measurement section), including the exposure to psychosocial stress at work during the working career - all information taken from the retrospective data collection in SHARELIFE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Butler, Adam B., Joseph G. Grzywacz, Susan L. Ettner & Bo Liu (2009): Workplace flexibility, self-reported health, and health care utilization. In: Work and Stress, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 45-59. DOI:10.1080/02678370902833932

Abstract

"Flexible work arrangements, or organizational practises that permit employees to adjust their work schedule or location to better manage demands outside of work, are a popular family-friendly benefit. There is relatively little research examining the health outcomes associated with flexibility and no published studies examining associations with health care utilization. We analyzed responses to self-administered Health Risk Appraisals (HRAs) completed by employees of a large multinational pharmaceutical company in the USA (N = 2976). The HRA included measures of perceived flexibility and self-appraised health. Health care utilization records from the year following completion of the HRA were merged with the self-reported data. Greater levels of flexibility were associated with better health: that is, with less self-reported stress and strain, and better physical health. Flexibility was not related to either acute visits to a health care provider or number of prescriptions. However, after controlling for self-reported health, those participants with greater flexibility had marginally more health care visits. The results suggest that, despite their other benefits, workplace flexibility programmes are unlikely to reduce organizational health care costs in the short term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ibrahim, Selahadin, Peter Smith & Carles Muntaner (2009): A multi-group cross-lagged analyses of work stressors and health using Canadian National sample. In: Social Science and Medicine, Jg. 68, H. 1, S. 49-59. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.019

Abstract

"This article examines the reciprocal relationships between work variables and health outcomes and if these relationships differ by social class (measured by occupational grouping). We used longitudinal data from the 1994/95 - 2002/03 Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Karasek's work stress variables were measured in the 1994/95 (cycle 1, time 1), 2000/01 (cycle 4, time 2) and 2002/03 (cycle 5, time 3) surveys. Analyses were limited to 2556 respondents aged 18 - 56 at time 1 and who remained in the same social class (as defined by occupational position) for all the three time points. Work variables used were job strain ratio, work social support and job insecurity. Health outcomes used were distress, depression and self-rated health. Multi-group path analyses were used to investigate the reciprocal relationships between work and health variables and if these relationships differed by social class. Analyses controlled for age, gender, marital status and work status.
We find there is a differential burden of work psychosocial factors and health outcomes by social class. The cross-lagged relationships between work and health depended on the outcome, social class and time lag. More significant paths from work to health were observed than reverse paths from health to work. More significant relationships between work and health were observed for the shorter time lag (2 years) compared to longer time lags (6 years). Low work social support and job insecurity were more detrimental to health for respondents in lower social class positions. Findings from this study highlight the importance of time lag, and to some extent social class, in the reciprocal relationships between work and health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kompier, Michiel, Jan Fekke Ybema, Julia Janssen & Toon Taris (2009): Employment contracts: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations with quality of working life, health and well-being. In: Journal of occupational health, Jg. 51, H. 3, S. 193-203. DOI:10.1539/joh.L8150

Abstract

The aim of this study was to enhance (1.) insight in the relationship between different types of employment contract and the quality of working life, health and well-being, and (2.) our causal understanding ot these relationship by comparing employees whose contract type changes across time.
Analyses were based on a two-year prospective cohort study. Cross-sectional analyses were based upon a sample of 2,454 Dutch employees (2004). Longitudinal data were available for 1,865 respondents (2004-2006). We distinguished among 5 contract types, and subgroups of "Upward" (i.e., towards permanent employment) and "Downward" (towards temporary employment) movers across time. Data were analysed with analysis of variance and cross table analysis.
Cross-sectionally, we found differences between contract types in quality of working life: generally permanent employees had better jobs, whereas temporary agency workers and on call workers had more "bad work characteristics". We also found a difference in health behaviour (smoking) and that psychological health was worst among temporary agency workers. In longitudinal analyses we found some evidence that a positive change in employment contract was associated with a better quality of working life and better psychological health, whereas the opposite was true for a negative contract change.
The quality of working life, health and well-being are unequally distributed over employment contract groups. Temporary agency workers and on-call workers deserve special attention in terms of job design and human resource management.

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Llena-Nozal, Ana (2009): The effect of work status and working conditions on mental health in four OECD countries. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 209, H. 1, S. 72-87. DOI:10.1177/0027950109345234

Abstract

"This study aims to assess empirically whether being employed or returning to work is beneficial for all in terms of mental health, especially for those who already suffer from a longstanding illness or disability. We use longitudinal surveys from Australia, Canada, Switzerland and the UK to estimate panel data models that link decisions regarding labour market choices to health developments. To allow for state dependence of mental health, a dynamic panel model is used. The longitudinal analysis shows that non-employment generally is worse for mental health than working. The mental-health payoff to employment varies depending on the type of employment contract and working conditions. In particular, the mental health benefits for inactive individuals who obtain a non-standard job appear to be smaller than for those moving into standard employment arrangements, even after controlling for pre-existing mental health problems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Markussen, Simen, Knut Roed, Ole J. Rogeberg & Simen Gaure (2009): The anatomy of absenteeism. (IZA discussion paper 4240), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"Based on comprehensive administrative register data from Norway, we examine the determinants of sickness absence behavior; in terms of employee characteristics workplace characteristics, panel doctor characteristics, and economic conditions. The analysis is based on a novel concept of a worker's steady state sickness absence propensity, computed from a multivariate hazard rate model designed to predict the incidence and the duration of sickness absence for all workers. Key conclusions are i) that most of the cross-sectional variation in absenteeism is caused by genuine employee heterogeneity; ii) that the identity of a person's panel doctor has a significant impact on absence propensity; iii) that sickness absence insurance is frequently certified for reasons other than sickness; and iv) that the recovery rate rises enormously just prior to the exhaustion of sickness insurance benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kümpoers, Susanne, Susanne Kümpers, Nora Wille, Thomas Abel, Thomas Altgeld, Anton E. Kunst, Johann Behrens, Thomas Lampert, Hanna Dinger, Frank Lehmann, Wolfgang Dür, Andreas Mielck, Kristina Fürth, Matthias Morfeld, Robert Griebler, Stefan Müters, Kirstin Grosse Frie, Oliver Ommen, Stefan Hradil, Richard Peter, Monika Jungbauer-Gans, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, Lars E. Kroll, Oliver Razum, Birgit Babitsch, Veronika Reisig, Nico Dragano, Matthias Richter, Johannes Giesecke, Rolf Rosenbrock, Uwe Helmert, Lars Schiffmann, Martina Kohlhuber, Ingmar Schöfer, Gabriele Bolte, Friedrich Schorb, Christiane Gross, Johannes Siegrist, Andrea Abraham, Kathrin Sommerhalder, Christian Janßen, Waldemar Streich, Michael Erhart & Olaf von dem Knesebeck (2009): Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit. Grundlagen, Probleme, Perspektiven. Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften, 485 S.

Abstract

"Noch immer gilt: Wer arm, wenig gebildet und beruflich schlecht gestellt ist, wird häufiger krank und muss früher sterben. Wie aber kann dieser Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit und Gesundheit erklärt werden? Welche Mechanismen und Prozesse liegen dem sozialen Gradienten in der Gesundheit zugrunde? Der Band bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über Theorien, Forschungsergebnisse und Implikationen für Politik und Praxis. Er führt in die aktuelle Diskussion soziologischer und gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Erklärungen gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit ein, stellt innovative empirische Ergebnisse vor, diskutiert methodische Herausforderungen und zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit und Gesundheit zu verringern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Gash, Vanessa, Antje Mertens & Laura Romeu Gordo (2008): Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen befristeter Verträge in Deutschland und Spanien. In: K.- S. Rehberg (Hrsg.) (2008): Die Natur der Gesellschaft : Verhandlungen des 33. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Kassel 2006, S. 4418-4428.

Abstract

"Wie zahlreiche Studien zeigen, kann der Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes sowohl die psychische als auch die physische Gesundheit negativ beeinflussen. Einen zentralen Erklärungsfaktor bildet hierbei die soziale Dynamik der Beschäftigung, die positive Auswirkungen auf das Selbstwertgefühl der Beschäftigten und deren Wohlbefinden haben kann. Allerdings zeichnet sich durch die zunehmende Liberalisierung der Arbeitsmärkte und die Einführung von Befristungsmöglichkeiten seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre ein Wandel im Charakter der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse ab. Die Implikationen dieser Veränderungen scheinen jedoch länderspezifisch zu sein. So wird vermutet, dass die lediglich partielle Deregulierung in 'rigiden' Volkswirtschaften wie Deutschland und Spanien zu Segmentation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt führt. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir für Deutschland und Spanien - also zwei 'rigide' Länder -, ob die mit befristeten Verträgen einhergehende Unsicherheit die positiven gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Beschäftigung reduziert." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Brand, Jennie E., John Robert Warren, Pascale Carayon & Peter Hoonakker (2007): Do job characteristics mediate the relationship between SES and health? Evidence from sibling models. In: Social science research, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 222-253. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.11.004

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Virtanen, Pekka, Antti Saloniemi, Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki, Marianna Virtanen & Markku Koskenvuo (2006): The working conditions and health of non-permanent employees. Are there differences between private and public labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 39-65. DOI:10.1177/0143831X06061072

Abstract

"Increasing levels of non-permanent employment have raised concern about quality of working life in the public sector. This Finnish study examines whether the public sector can be characterized as a 'model employer' with regard to the working conditions and well-being of fixed-term employees. Compared to the private sector, the difference in the physical load between non-permanent and permanent employees is significantly smaller in the public sector. Comparison of psychosocial strain shows a difference in favour of non-permanent employees, particularly among women working in the public sector. The association between type of employment contract and health is similar in both sectors. The equality between permanent and nonpermanent employees gives reason to benchmark the public sector as a model, even if the present findings may be due partly to sectorspecific occupational structures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Warr, Peter (1987): Work, unemployment, and mental health. (Oxford science publications), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 361 S.

Abstract

"Here is a challenging study on the effects of work and unemployment on mental health. Examined in this comprehensive study are issues such as why some people are more harmed by unemployment than others; why certain job transitions are more difficult; and what we mean by 'mental health' and how we can measure it. The author introduces nine characteristics of any environment and shows how they give rise to the harmful and beneficial consequences of work and unemployment. The book gathers integrates the extensive and widely-disseminated research into the topic and places it in an original and logical conceptual framework." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))