Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Parental time restrictions and the cost of children: insights from a survey among mothers (2018)
Zitatform
Borah, Melanie, Andreas Knabe & Kevin Pahlke (2018): Parental time restrictions and the cost of children. Insights from a survey among mothers. (CESifo working paper 7321), München, 33 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we provide estimates of the subjectively perceived cost of children depending on the extent of parental time restrictions. Building on a study by Koulovatianos et al. (2009) that introduces a novel way of using subjective income evaluation data for such estimations, we conduct a refined version of the underlying survey, focusing on young women with children in Germany. Our study confirms that the monetary cost of children is substantial and increases with parental nonmarket time restrictions. The loss in the material living standard associated with supplying time to the labor market is sizeable for families with children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A diary study on predictors of the work-life interface: the role of time pressure, psychological climate and positive affective states (2018)
Zitatform
Brosch, Eva & Carmen Binnewies (2018): A diary study on predictors of the work-life interface. The role of time pressure, psychological climate and positive affective states. In: Management Revue, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 55-78. DOI:10.5771/0935-9915-2018-1-55
Abstract
"The present diary study builds upon the work-home resources model and the Model of Work-Family Enrichment, and examines time pressure and psychological climate as predictors of work-life conflict and work-life enrichment. We further investigated happiness and vigour as indicators of positive mood and energy as mediators in these associations. Our five-day diary study was conducted via electronic devices with 92 employees (N = 357 matched daily measurements). We assessed daily time pressure, psychological climate, job control (as control variable), happiness, and vigour at work at the end of the working day. In the evening survey, answered before going to bed, we assessed daily work-life conflict and work-life enrichment. Results of nested multilevel path models, controlled for daily job control, revealed that daily time pressure was related to increased work-life conflict and decreased work-life enrichment. Daily psychological climate was negatively related to work-life conflict and positively related to work-life enrichment. Mediation analyses proved an energy-path. Vigour mediated the confirmed relations while happiness was no mediator." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Relative education, parenthood, and couples' division of paid work: Evidence from German census data (2018)
Zitatform
Buschner, Andrea, Ursula Adam & Florian Schulz (2018): Relative education, parenthood, and couples' division of paid work. Evidence from German census data. In: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 96-119. DOI:10.3224/zff.v30i1.06
Abstract
"Entwicklungen wie die Bildungsexpansion, die zunehmende Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung von Frauen sowie die Homophilie in der Partnerwahl haben bestehende Bildungsasymmetrien zwischen Männern und Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften deutlich reduziert. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert für Ost- und West-Deutschland eine Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Bildung der Partner, deren Elternschaft sowie deren Erwerbsanteilen im Paar. Relative Bildung kann hierbei sowohl als Indikator für Arbeitsmarktressourcen als auch für Geschlechtsrolleneinstellungen interpretiert werden. Die Analysen basieren auf den Daten des deutschen Mikrozensus 2011 mit insgesamt 57.366 Paarhaushalten. Für die Schätzung der weiblichen Erwerbsanteile werden Allgemeine Lineare Modelle herangezogen. Aufgrund der hohen Fallzahl ist die Berücksichtigung von Interaktionseffekten möglich. Die Befunde zeigen, dass (1) der Erwerbsanteil von Frauen umso höher ist, je höher ihr eigenes Bildungsniveaus ist; (2) Frauen, die einen höheren Bildungsabschluss als ihr Mann aufweisen, zeigen im Vergleich zu anderen Frauen die höchsten Erwerbsanteile; (3) Unabhängig von der relativen Bildung im Paar erreichen Frauen im Durchschnitt in aller Regel keinen Erwerbsanteil von 50%; (4) Vor allem junge Kinder zeigen einen großen Einfluss auf den Zusammenhang zwischen relativer Bildung und relativer Erwerbsbeteiligung; (5) Bildungsvorsprünge von Frauen gegenüber ihren Partnern sind für ihre Erwerbsanteile in West-Deutschland von höherer Bedeutung als in Ostdeutschland. Keine der beiden Interpretationen von Bildung erklärt allein die Aufteilung der Erwerbsarbeit im Paar. Je nach Präsenz und Alter des jüngsten Kindes sowie dem regionalen Kontext trägt die ökonomische oder wertorientierte Perspektive mehr oder weniger stark zur Erklärung des Arbeitsarrangements bei. Dabei konnten wir auf die Nützlichkeit der zwei theoretischen Rahmungen von Bildung als erklärendes Modell hinweisen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Housework division and gender ideology: when do attitudes really matter? (2018)
Zitatform
Carriero, Renzo & Lorenzo Todesco (2018): Housework division and gender ideology. When do attitudes really matter? In: Demographic Research, Jg. 39, S. 1039-1064. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.39
Abstract
"This paper's original contribution is in analyzing whether and how relative resources and education influence the effect of gender ideology on the division of housework. Moreover, our analysis goes beyond most existing studies in its rare combination of behavior measures collected through a reliable time-use diary procedure and information regarding partners' gender ideology." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
You've come a long way, baby: husbands' commuting time and family labour supply (2018)
Zitatform
Carta, Francesca & Marta De Philippis (2018): You've come a long way, baby. Husbands' commuting time and family labour supply. In: Regional science and urban economics, Jg. 69, H. March, S. 25-37. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2017.12.004
Abstract
Der Beitrag untersucht die Wirkungen der Pendlerzeit des Ehemanns auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung der Ehefrauen und die Zeitverwendung in der Familie. Unter der Modellannahme der imperfekten Substitution von Markt- und Eigenleistungen kann eine Verlängerung der Pendelzeit die Arbeitszeit der Ehefrau mindern, die des pendelnden Ehemanns erhöhen. Bei einer Vergrößerung der Distanz vom Wohnort zum Arbeitsort um ein Prozent sinkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Erwerbsbeteiligung der Frau um 0.016. Diese Wirkung erhöht sich bei Familien mit Kindern und bei hochqualifizierten Ehemännern. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Dualization and the access to occupational family-friendly working-time arrangements across Europe (2018)
Zitatform
Chung, Heejung (2018): Dualization and the access to occupational family-friendly working-time arrangements across Europe. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 52, H. 2, S. 491-507. DOI:10.1111/spol.12379
Abstract
"This article examines outsiders' relative access to occupational level family-friendly policies. I use data from the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 across 30 European countries examining workers' access to two types of family-friendly working-time arrangements (WTAs): flexitime, and time off work for personal reasons. The article focuses on women with care responsibilities given that their demands for family-friendly policies, as well as their outcomes, have been shown to be distinct from the rest of the working population. In addition to the outsider definition used in the labor market dualization and occupational segmentation literature, i.e., low-skilled workers and those without a permanent contract, this article also defines outsiders as those perceiving their job as insecure. The results of the analysis show a segmentation between workers in their access to family-friendly policies. Unlike statutory policies, occupational policies seem to be selectively provided mostly to workers where employers have a vested interest, i.e., insiders, resulting in a dualized system for most countries. However, rather than their contract status, the skill-level of the job/workers, and their perceived insecurity were found to be important. The results further show that although Northern European and some continental European countries are those where family-friendly WTAs are more readily available, it is in these countries where the division between insiders and outsiders is the greatest. The results of the article contribute to the literature by showing a need to move beyond the national level when examining family-friendly policies, and to examine a more diverse definition of outsiders when examining dualization of working conditions." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Marriage and the economic status of women with children (2018)
Zitatform
Depew, Briggs & Joseph Price (2018): Marriage and the economic status of women with children. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 1049-1061. DOI:10.1007/s11150-017-9395-8
Abstract
"Marriage is positively correlated with income, and women with children are much less likely to be in poverty if they are married. Selection into marriage makes it difficult to assess whether these correlations represent a causal effect of marriage. One instrument for marriage proposed in past research is the gender of a woman's first child. We find that women who have a boy first are about 0.33 percentage points more likely to be married at any point in time. This effect operates through both increasing the probability that unmarried mothers marry the child's father and reducing the probability of divorce. We also find that women whose first child is a boy experience higher levels of family income and are less likely to receive welfare income, be below the poverty line, and receive food stamps. Estimates using child gender as an instrumental variable for marriage suggest that marriage plays a large causal role in improving the economic well-being of women with children and that these effects are largest among women at the lower end of the income distribution." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fathers on call?: a study on the sharing of care work between parents in Sweden (2018)
Zitatform
Evertsson, Marie, Katarina Boye & Jeylan Erman (2018): Fathers on call? A study on the sharing of care work between parents in Sweden. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 39, S. 33-60. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.2
Abstract
"Background: Swedish fathers' parental leave uptake has increased over time, but progress has been moderate. In relation to this, we ask what factors hinder or facilitate the taking of leave by fathers and how - if at all - the leave influences the father's relationship with his child.
Objective: To study (i) the reasons for parents' division of parental leave as well as the consequences this division has for their actual time at home with the child and (ii) the link between the father's leave and his relationship with the child, as well as the parents' division of childcare after parental leave.
Methods: A multi-methods approach is used, where OLS regression models of survey data from the Young Adult Panel Study are analysed alongside qualitative in-depth interviews with 13 couples who have had a first child.
Results: Quantitative results show that parents' leave lengths vary with the reasons given for the division of leave and that fathers' parental leave is related to long-term division of childcare. Qualitative results suggest that equal parenting is important to the interviewed parents; however, motherhood ideals may stand in the way of achieving it. Several mechanisms by which fathers' parental leave may influence later division of childcare are suggested, including the development of a closer relationship between father and child.
Conclusions: Policies aimed towards increasing fathers' parental leave uptake have the potential to strengthen the father - child bond, contribute to a more equal division of childcare, and facilitate both parents' understanding of each other and what being a stay-at-home parent involves.
Contribution: This article is the first to show how parents alleged reasons for the parental leave links to the actual length of the mother's and father's leave. Results indicate that increasing paternal leave length is linked to improved couple relationship quality and a closer relationship with the child." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Organizational culture and work - life integration: a barrier to employees' respite? (2018)
Zitatform
Foucreault, Annie, Ariane Ollier-Malaterre & Julie Ménard (2018): Organizational culture and work - life integration. A barrier to employees' respite? In: The international journal of human resource management, Jg. 29, H. 16, S. 2378-2398. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2016.1262890
Abstract
"The management of work - life boundaries is portrayed in the literature as being a matter of individual choice. Accordingly, organizational influence has been underestimated. The first objective of this article is therefore to determine whether an organizational culture of integration (e.g. expectations about taking work home) can influence individuals' ability to act on their personal preference for segmentation. The second objective is to determine whether a mismatch between culture and personal preferences can influence the emotional state of employees and, if so, in what way. A study of 243 employees showed that the perception of an organizational culture of integration reduced the effect of preference for segmentation on employees' ability to detach themselves from work during rest periods. Further, a path analysis highlighted a moderated mediation, indicating that preference for segmentation was associated with reduced emotional exhaustion in employees by promoting a high level of psychological detachment, and this reduction was even stronger among those who perceived a weak culture of integration in their organization. This study proposes that jointly with individual preference for segmentation or integration, the norms and expectations of an organization have considerable influence on employees' ability to detach and recover during non-work time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Discrimination against men at work: Experiences in five countries. Working conditions (2018)
Zitatform
Fric, Karel & Camilla Galli da Bino (2018): Discrimination against men at work. Experiences in five countries. Working conditions. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 18 S. DOI:10.2806/835224
Abstract
"While discrimination against women at work has long been a mainstream topic in research literature, only marginal attention has been paid to discrimination against men. A number of factors may be responsible for this, including change in traditional occupational roles, cultural perceptions of the 'natures' of men and women, and men's own perception (or lack of perception) of discrimination. This short report investigates whether men face discrimination based on sex in the workplace. It looks at the results of Eurofound's 2015 European Working Conditions Survey and then examines cases from five countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France and the UK). Discrimination is examined in such areas as recruitment, education, healthcare-related services, working time and parenting, and sexual harassment. The cases demonstrate that men do indeed experience discrimination because of their sex. The cases appear to be more concentrated in female-dominated contexts and in instances of adjustment of working time in relation to parental duties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Angebote zur Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf: Mütter kehren schneller zu familienfreundlichen Arbeitgebern zurück (2018)
Zitatform
Frodermann, Corinna, Ann-Christin Bächmann, Marina Hagen, Daniela Grunow & Dana Müller (2018): Betriebliche Angebote zur Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf: Mütter kehren schneller zu familienfreundlichen Arbeitgebern zurück. (IAB-Kurzbericht 18/2018), Nürnberg, 7 S.
Abstract
"Betriebe in Deutschland bieten immer häufiger Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf an. Große Betriebe sind hier Vorreiter, aber die kleinen und mittleren Betriebe ziehen nach. Das zeigen IAB-Analysen auf Basis von Linked-Employer-Employee-Daten. Deutlich wird außerdem, dass das Angebot familienfreundlicher Maßnahmen mit kürzeren familienbedingten Erwerbsunterbrechungsdauern bei Müttern einhergeht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Anteil der Betriebe mit familienfreundlichen Maßnahmen nach Frauenanteil in der Belegschaft
- Erwerbsrückkehranteile von Müttern in Betrieben mit und ohne familienfreundliche Maßnahmen nach Anzahl der angebotenen Maßnahmen
- Anteil der Betriebe mit familienfreundlichen Maßnahmen nach Betriebsgröße
- Erwerbsrückkehranteile von Müttern in Betrieben mit (mindestens einer) und ohne familienfreundliche Maßnahmen
- Anteil der Betriebe mit familienfreundlichen Maßnahmen
- Geschätzte Dauer in Monaten bis zur Erwerbsrückkehr von Müttern nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes
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Literaturhinweis
Workplace variation in fatherhood wage premiums: do formalization and performance pay matter? (2018)
Zitatform
Fuller, Sylvia (2018): Workplace variation in fatherhood wage premiums. Do formalization and performance pay matter? In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 768-788. DOI:10.1177/0950017018764534
Abstract
"Parenthood contributes substantially to broader gender wage inequality. The intensification of gendered divisions of paid and unpaid work after the birth of a child create unequal constraints and expectations such that, all else equal, mothers earn less than childless women, but fathers earn a wage premium. The fatherhood wage premium, however, varies substantially among men. Analyses of linked workplace-employee data from Canada reveal how organizational context conditions educational, occupational and family-status variation in fatherhood premiums. More formal employment relations (collective bargaining and human resource departments) reduce both overall fatherhood premiums and group differences in them, while performance pay systems (merit and incentive pay) have mixed effects. Shifting entrenched gendered divisions of household labour is thus not the only pathway to minimizing fathers' wage advantage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job displacement, family dynamics and spousal labor supply (2018)
Zitatform
Halla, Martin, Julia Schmieder & Andrea Weber (2018): Job displacement, family dynamics and spousal labor supply. (IZA discussion paper 11752), Bonn, 76 S.
Abstract
"We study interdependencies in spousal labor supply and the effectiveness of intrahousehold insurance in a sample of married couples, where the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure using data from the Austrian Social Security Database. We show that in our sample of relatively young couples the shock hits households at crucial stages of family formation, which requires careful modeling of the wives' counterfactual lifecycle labor market patterns. In our empirical analysis, we propose three independent control groups of unaffected households to identify the causal effects of husbands' displacement on wives' labor supply. Our empirical results show that husbands suffer large and persistent employment and earnings losses over the first 5 years after displacement. But wives' labor supply increases only moderately and they respond predominantly at the extensive margin. The implied participation elasticity with respect to the husband's earnings shock is very small, about -0:04. While the wives' earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss, public transfers and taxes are a more important insurance at least in the short run. In terms of non-labor market related outcomes, we find a small positive effect on the probability of divorce, but no effect of the husband's job displacement on fertility. The presence and ages of children in the household are crucial determinants of the wife's labor supply response. The most responsive group are mothers, who are planning to return to the labor market after a maternity break, while mothers of very young children or wives without children remain unresponsive. We thus conclude that Austria's strong gender identity norms are an explanation for the limited scope of intra-household insurance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What Fairness? Gendered Division of Housework and Family Life Satisfaction across 30 Countries (2018)
Zitatform
Hu, Yang & Deniz Yucel (2018): What Fairness? Gendered Division of Housework and Family Life Satisfaction across 30 Countries. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 92-105. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcx085
Abstract
"This article sheds new light on the role played by perceived fairness in configuring the relationship between gendered housework division and women's family life satisfaction across 30 countries. This is achieved by distinguishing and comparing two major dimensions of women's fairness comparison -- inter-gender relational comparison between partners and intra-gender referential comparison with other women from the same society. Analysing data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme, we find that women's family life satisfaction is adversely affected by both a lack of relational fairness and unfavourable referential comparison, which operate independently of each other. Supporting the 'self-serving' theory, women are found to rely more on one dimension of fairness comparison to assess their family life satisfaction when they compare unfavourably rather than favourably in the other dimension. Country-level gender equality positively predicts the strength of the association between relational fairness and family life satisfaction. However, it does not seem to moderate the influence of referential comparison on family life satisfaction. In light of these results, scholars are urged to consider the perceived fairness of housework division as a plural construct, and to promulgate gender equality in multiple dimensions -- addressing not just inter-gender (in)equity but also intra-gender (in)equality -- to move the gender revolution forward." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Was ihr wollt", Ergebnisse einer empirischen Bedarfsanalyse zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten (2018)
Jerg-Bretzke, L.; Krüsmann, P.; Traue, H. C.; Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K.;Zitatform
Jerg-Bretzke, L., P. Krüsmann, H. C. Traue & K. Limbrecht-Ecklundt (2018): "Was ihr wollt", Ergebnisse einer empirischen Bedarfsanalyse zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten. In: Das Gesundheitswesen, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 20-26. DOI:10.1055/s-0041-111842
Abstract
"Ziel der Studie: Kliniken stehen vermehrt der Anforderung gegenüber für Ärztinnen und Ärzte Arbeitsbedingungen zu schaffen, die eine Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf ermöglichen. Dies ist gleichzeitig auch als Chance zu betrachten, sich als Arbeitgeber von anderen Kliniken abzuheben. Methode: N=120 Ärztinnen und Ärzte der Medizinischen Fakultät sowie N=679 Studierende der Humanmedizin im vorklinischen und klinischen Abschnitt wurden online befragt. Im Fokus dieser Studie stand die Erfassung des Veränderungsbedarfs an Kliniken zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf. Ergebnisse: Hypothesenkonform zeigte sich in der Work-Family/Family-Work Conflict Scale (WFC/FWC) eine erschwerte Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Tätigkeit nach Eintritt in das Berufsleben - insbesondere mit Kind. Besonders die Arbeitsunterbrechung im Notfall, Teilzeitregelungen oder Notfallbetreuung für Kinder schätzen über 90% Befragten als wichtiges Instrument zur Verbesserung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf ein. Zusätzlich wünschen sich Ärztinnen und Ärzte, dass ihre Vorgesetzten Vereinbarkeitsthemen aktiv unterstützen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Analyse der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Tätigkeit zeigt Handlungsbedarf in den untersuchten Stichproben. Durch die erfassten Maßnahmen, die als entlastend beurteilt werden, können konkrete Handlungsschritte für Kliniken abgeleitet werden. Die Analyse des WFC/FWC stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, standardisiert die Belastung durch Tätigkeit in der Familie und vice versa zu erfassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Elternschaft zwischen Projekt und Projektion (2018)
Zitatform
Jergus, Kerstin, Jens Oliver Krüger & Anna Roch (Hrsg.) (2018): Elternschaft zwischen Projekt und Projektion. (Studien zur Schul- und Bildungsforschung 61), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 319 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-15005-1
Abstract
"Dieser Band versammelt aktuelle sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven der Elternforschung, mit denen Elternschaft zwischen 'Projekt und Projektion' als eigenständiges Forschungsfeld konturiert wird. Gegenwärtig rücken Eltern auf vielfältige Weise in den Mittelpunkt bildungs- und sozialpolitischer, gesellschaftlicher und medialer Aufmerksamkeit. Verbunden mit dem Wandel von Familienverständnissen und Kindheitsbildern und verflochten mit veränderten Geschlechter- und Lohnerwerbsverhältnissen wird Elternschaft zunehmend zu einer zwischen Anforderung und Überforderung changierenden Gestaltungsaufgabe. Die komplexen Anforderungen an Elternschaft wie auch die heterogenen Lebenslagen und Praktiken von Eltern werden in den Einzelbeiträgen dieses Bandes zum Gegenstand theoretischer Reflexionen und empirischer Analysen gemacht." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How important is precautionary labour supply? (2018)
Zitatform
Jessen, Robin, Davud Rostam-Afschar & Sebastian Schmitz (2018): How important is precautionary labour supply? In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 868-891. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpx053
Abstract
"We quantify the importance of precautionary labour supply defined as the difference between hours supplied in the presence of risk and hours under perfect foresight. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel from 2001 to 2012, we estimate the effect of wage risk on labour supply and test for constrained adjustment of labour supply. We find that married men choose on average about 2.8% of their hours of work to shield against wage shocks. The effect is strongest for self-employed, who we find to be unconstrained in their hours choices, but also relevant for other groups with more persistent hours constraints. If the self-employed faced the same wage risk as the median civil servant, their hours of work would be reduced by 4.5%." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Väterreport: Vater sein in Deutschland heute (2018)
Juncke, David; Braukmann, Jan; Heimer, Andreas;Zitatform
Juncke, David, Jan Braukmann & Andreas Heimer (2018): Väterreport. Vater sein in Deutschland heute. (Väterreport … / Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend), Berlin, 62 S.
Abstract
"Der Väterreport gibt unter anderem Auskunft über Einstellungen und Erwartungen heutiger Väter, die Nutzung von Elterngeld und ElterngeldPlus sowie darüber, wie sich die Nutzung von Elterngeldmonaten auswirkt. Der Report zeigt: Die aktive Vaterschaft liegt im Trend. Väter wollen sich stärker an der Erziehung und Betreuung ihrer Kinder beteiligen und wünschen sich mehr Zeit für Familie." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Globalization, gender, and the family (2018)
Zitatform
Keller, Wolfgang & Hâle Utar (2018): Globalization, gender, and the family. (NBER working paper 25247), Cambrige, Mass., 96 S. DOI:10.3386/w25247
Abstract
"This paper shows that globalization has far-reaching implications for the economy's fertility rate and family structure because they influence work-life balance. Employing population register data on new births, marriages, and divorces together with employer-employee linked data for Denmark, we show that lower labor market opportunities due to Chinese import competition lead to a shift towards family, with more parental leave taking and higher fertility as well as more marriages and fewer divorces. This pro-family, pro-child shift is driven largely by women, not men. Correspondingly, the negative earnings implications of the rising import competition are concentrated on women, and gender earnings inequality increases. We show that the choice of market versus family is a major determinant of worker adjustment costs to labor market shocks. While older workers respond to the shock rather similarly whether female or not, for young workers the fertility response takes away the adjustment advantage they typically have - if the worker is a woman. We find that the female biological clock - women have difficulties to conceive beyond their early forties - is central for the gender differential, rather than the composition of jobs and workplaces, as well as other potential causes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bargaining for equal pay and work-life balance in Danish companies: does gender matter? (2018)
Zitatform
Larsen, Trine P. & Steen E. Navrbjerg (2018): Bargaining for equal pay and work-life balance in Danish companies. Does gender matter? In: The journal of industrial relations, Jg. 60, H. 2, S. 176-200. DOI:10.1177/0022185617746203
Abstract
"This article adds new insights into how equal pay and work - life balance issues are negotiated in male- and female-dominated companies, based on a survey of 3275 shop stewards, conducted in 2010. Inspired by Gregory and Milner's concept of opportunity structures, we argue that the gender composition of the workforce affects the equal pay and work - life balance discussions and actions in Danish companies, but in a slightly different way from expected. It is often the male shop steward who exploits the opportunity structure created by more women among the staff to develop equal pay and work - life balance actions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work-Life-Balance und Arbeitsbedingungen von wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern in Deutschland (2018)
Zitatform
Lenkewitz, Sven & Katja Möhring (2018): Work-Life-Balance und Arbeitsbedingungen von wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern in Deutschland. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 2, S. 163-185. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0010
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsbedingungen von wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern in Deutschland sind durch eine ambivalente Mischung aus hoher Autonomie und interessanten Arbeitsinhalten einerseits, unsicheren Arbeitsverhältnissen und unklaren Karriereaussichten andererseits geprägt. Wir analysieren die Einflussfaktoren der work-life balance in dieser Gruppe und beziehen sowohl den Konflikt von Arbeit und Privatleben (work-life conflict) als auch die wechselseitige Bereicherung (work-life enrichment) ein. Für die empirischen Analysen verwenden wir Daten einer Onlinebefragung von 96 wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern in den Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften einer deutschen Universität aus dem Jahr 2015. Mit linearen Regressionsanalysen untersuchen wir, wie Arbeitsbedingungen und -ressourcen work-life conflict und work-life enrichment beeinflussen. Zentrales Ergebnis unserer Analyse ist, dass insbesondere befristete Verträge und Wochenendarbeit den work-life conflict erhöhen. Eine gute Arbeitsatmosphäre im Team trägt hingegen zu einer Bereicherung des Privatlebens bei." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Something to Celebrate (or not): The Differing Impact of Promotion to Manager on the Job Satisfaction of Women and Men (2018)
Zitatform
Lup, Daniela (2018): Something to Celebrate (or not): The Differing Impact of Promotion to Manager on the Job Satisfaction of Women and Men. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 407-425. DOI:10.1177/0950017017713932
Abstract
"The literatures on gender status stereotyping and the 'glass-ceiling' have shown that women managers have more difficult job experiences than men, but whether these experiences result in lower job satisfaction is still an open question. Using fixed-effects models in a longitudinal national sample, this study examines differences in job satisfaction between women and men promoted into lower and higher-level management, after controlling for key determinants of job satisfaction. Results indicate that promotions to management are accompanied by an increase in job satisfaction for men but not for women, and that the differing effect lasts beyond the promotion year. Moreover, following promotion, the job satisfaction of women promoted to higher-level management even starts declining. The type of promotion (internal or lateral) does not modify this effect. By clarifying the relationship between gender, promotion to managerial position and job satisfaction, the study contributes to the literature on the gender gap in managerial representation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of large universal child benefits on female labour supply (2018)
Zitatform
Magda, Iga, Aneta Kielczewska & Nicola Brandt (2018): The effects of large universal child benefits on female labour supply. (IZA discussion paper 11652), Bonn, 19 S.
Abstract
"In 2016 the Polish government introduced a large new child benefit, called 'Family 500+', with the aim to increase fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the labour market. We study the impact of the new benefit on female labour supply, using Polish Labour Force Survey data. Based on a difference-in-differences methodology we find that the labour market participation rates of women with children decreased after the introduction of the benefit compared to childless women. The estimates suggest that by mid-2017 the labour force participation rate of mothers dropped by 2-3 percentage points, depending on the estimation specification, as a result of the 'Family 500+' benefit. The effect was higher among women with lower levels of education and living in small towns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The family working-time model: Towards more gender equality in work and care (2018)
Zitatform
Müller, Kai-Uwe, Michael Neumann & Katharina Wrohlich (2018): The family working-time model. Towards more gender equality in work and care. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 28, H. 5, S. 471-486. DOI:10.1177/0958928717753581
Abstract
"Since the millennium, the labour market participation of women and mothers is increasing across European countries. Several work/care policy measures underlie this evolution. At the same time, the labour market behaviour of fathers, as well as their involvement in care work, is relatively unchanging, meaning that employed mothers are facing an increased burden with respect to gainful employment and providing care. We propose a family working-time model that incentivizes fathers and mothers to both work in extended part-time employment. It provides a benefit in the form of a lump-sum transfer or income replacement for each parent if, and only if, both parents work 30?hours/week. Thus, it explicitly addresses fathers and - contrary to most conventional family policies - actively promotes the dual earner/dual carer paradigm. Combining microsimulation and labour supply estimation, we empirically analyse the potential of the family working-time model in the German context. The relatively small share of families already choosing the symmetric distribution of about 30 working hours would increase by 60?percent. By showing that a lump-sum transfer especially benefits low-income families, we contribute to the debate about redistributive implications of family policies. The basic principles of the model generalize to other European countries where families increasingly desire an equal distribution of employment and care. In order to enhance the impact of such a policy, employers' norms and workplace culture as well as the supply of high-quality childcare must catch up with changing workforce preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What accounts for the increase in female labor force participation in Spain (2018)
Osuna, Victoria;Zitatform
Osuna, Victoria (2018): What accounts for the increase in female labor force participation in Spain. In: Economics. The open-access, open-assessment e-journal, Jg. 12, S. 1-26. DOI:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-16
Abstract
"Over the last three decades, Spanish female labor force participation (LFP) has tremendously increased, particularly, that of married women. At the same time, the income tax structure, the fiscal treatment of families, policies to reconcile family and work, and the education distribution of married couples have substantially changed. By contrast, the gender wage gap has remained quite stable. In this paper the author investigates the relevance of these factors in accounting for the growth in Spanish married women labor force participation from 1994 to 2008. For that purpose, she uses Kaygusuz' model of household labor market participation, and data from Eurostat to calibrate the model and evaluate its performance. The model successfully accounts for the rise in aggregate female labor force participation, and matches hours worked by males and females. The model is also able to replicate the pattern of female labor force participation by age and education. From this analysis we can conclude that changes in tax rates and in the education distribution are the main factors behind the increase in female LFP during the late nineties, while changes in child care costs and earning profiles are mainly responsible for the subsequent growth in the 2000s." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: Economics. Discussion papers , 2018-06Weiterführende Informationen
Open Access -
Literaturhinweis
Medicaid and the labor supply of single mothers: implications for health care reform (2018)
Pohl, R. Vincent;Zitatform
Pohl, R. Vincent (2018): Medicaid and the labor supply of single mothers. Implications for health care reform. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 1283-1313. DOI:10.1111/iere.12304
Abstract
"The Medicaid expansions and health insurance subsidies of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) change work incentives for single mothers. To evaluate the employment effects of these policies ex ante, I estimate a model of labor supply and health insurance choice exploiting variation in pre-ACA Medicaid policies. Simulations show that single mothers increase their labor supply at the extensive and intensive margin by 12% and 7%, respectively, uninsurance rates decline by up to 40%, and an average family's welfare improves by 1,600 dollars per year. Health insurance subsidies and not Medicaid expansions mostly drive these effects." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: Upjohn Institute working paper , 222 -
Literaturhinweis
Should we tell the recruiter that we value a good work-life balance? (2018)
Zitatform
Proost, Karin & Dieter Verhaest (2018): Should we tell the recruiter that we value a good work-life balance? In: Journal of personnel psychology, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 120-130. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000214
Abstract
"Although both employees and organizations increasingly realize the importance of a good work-life balance, it remains unclear how recruiters react when applicants mention a desire for balance on their CV. We conducted a between-subjects experiment (N = 96) in which one group of participants received a CV of an applicant who valued work-life balance versus a CV from which this information was omitted. Based on signaling theory and gender-role congruence theory, we suggested that mentioning balance on one's CV would lead to less favorable recruitment outcomes through a lower work ethic, especially for men. The results supported this mediation hypothesis but, contrary to expectations, showed that the mediation effect was only significant for women." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Straying from breadwinning: Status and money in men's interpretations of their wives' work arrangements (2018)
Zitatform
Reid, Erin M. (2018): Straying from breadwinning: Status and money in men's interpretations of their wives' work arrangements. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 25, H. 6, S. 718-733. DOI:10.1111/gwao.12265
Abstract
"The male breadwinner identity is culturally associated with career success for men, particularly in the professions, but today, few married men's lives easily map onto this identity. This study analyses interviews with 42 married men employed in US offices of a consulting firm to examine first, how men construct their identities as spouses in relation to their wives' work arrangements and second, how men navigate straying from the male breadwinner identity. While some men interpreted their wives' work in ways that supported personal claims on the breadwinner identity, others did so in ways that supported a more egalitarian identity, labelled here breadsharer. These groups differed in how they interpreted the social status and financial value of their wives' work, as well as in how they approached their own careers. Breadsharers were aware they strayed from the expected breadwinner identity and crafted alternative claims on status. These findings advance theory on gender, work, family and masculinity." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geschlechtergerecht im Einsatz für eine bessere Gesellschaft?: Die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter im Dritten Sektor (2018)
Reuyß, Stefan; Pfahl, Svenja; Rauschnick, Laura; Spindler, Karsten;Zitatform
Reuyß, Stefan, Svenja Pfahl, Laura Rauschnick & Karsten Spindler (2018): Geschlechtergerecht im Einsatz für eine bessere Gesellschaft? Die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter im Dritten Sektor. Berlin, 80 S.
Abstract
"Wie steht es eigentlich um die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter im Dritten Sektor, also u.a. in Vereinen, Stiftungen, Genossenschaften und anderen Non-Profit-Organisationen? Die neue Studie der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung schaut sich diesen Bereich genauer an und analysiert die Umsetzung von Gleichstellung im Non-Profit-Bereich, identifiziert gute Praxisbeispiele und gibt Empfehlungen für die konkrete Umsetzung von Gleichstellung. Die Autor_innen der Studie haben dafür Interviews in acht Dritte-Sektor-Organisationen durchgeführt und unter anderem nach dem Verständnis von Gleichstellung sowie nach vorhandenen Strukturen und Werkzeugen gefragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Sozialpolitik. Eine Bestandsaufnahme (2018)
Zitatform
Schneiders, Katrin & Ines Arendt (2018): Betriebliche Sozialpolitik. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. (WISO Diskurs 2018,01), Bonn, 27 S.
Abstract
"Wirtschaftsunternehmen spielen in sozialpolitischen Settings eine zentrale Rolle. Neben ihrer Funktion als Tarifpartner sind Unternehmen an der Umsetzung regulativer und distributiver Sozialpolitik wie bspw. im Rahmen des Arbeitsschutzes bzw. der Sozialversicherungen beteiligt. Viele Unternehmen engagieren sich über diese sozialrechtlich fixierten Maßnahmen hinaus im Rahmen betrieblicher Sozialpolitik. Die Auswertung der Selbstdarstellungen und anderer Veröffentlichungen der DAX 30-Unternehmen zeigt ein umfangreiches und vielfältiges Spektrum sozialpolitischer Aktivitäten und Maßnahmen. Es handelt sich sowohl um Angebote, die sich an die eigenen Beschäftigten richten, als auch um Aktivitäten mit Ausstrahlung auf die Gesellschaft. Das Verhältnis zwischen staatlicher und betrieblicher Sozialpolitik ist durch unterschiedliche Entwicklungen geprägt. Einerseits werden betriebliche und/oder tarifliche Leistungen in (sozial)gesetzliche Regelungen überführt, auf der anderen Seite werden aber auch staatlich garantierte und organisierte Leistungen teilweise auf die Betriebe verlagert und staatliche bzw. kommunale Dienstleistungsangebote durch betriebliche Angebote ergänzt. Da von betrieblicher Sozialpolitik insbesondere Arbeitsmarktinsider profitieren, würde aus einer weiteren Verlagerung sozialpolitischer Verantwortung von staatlicher auf die unternehmerische Ebene die Verschärfung sozialer Ungleichheit resultieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How working hours influence the life satisfaction of childless men and women, fathers and mothers in Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Schröder, Martin (2018): How working hours influence the life satisfaction of childless men and women, fathers and mothers in Germany. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 65-81. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2018-1004
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel zeigt mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels, dass Väter - und in geringerem Maße kinderlose Männer und Frauen - am zufriedensten sind, wenn sie Vollzeit oder länger arbeiten. Die Lebenszufriedenheit von Müttern ist dahingegen kaum von ihren Arbeitszeiten beeinflusst. Rationale Einkommensmaximierung kann dieses Muster nicht erklären, da es sogar in Haushalten auftritt, in denen Frauen mehr verdienen als Männer. Die Ergebnisse zeigen sich ebenfalls bei Menschen mit sehr sicheren Arbeitsplätzen und sehr wenig Haus- und Kinderbetreuungsarbeit. Damit widersprechen sie den Prognosen der expansionistischen Rollentheorie, dass Männer und Frauen zufriedener sind, wenn sie beide gleich umfangreich erwerbstätig sind. Für Männer passen die Ergebnisse am besten zu den Vorhersagen der traditionellen Rollentheorie, wonach Menschen zufriedener sind, wenn sie stereotypen Geschlechterrollen entsprechen." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Die räumliche Dimension der Vereinbarkeitsfrage: Wechselwirkungen zwischen Arbeitsweg und Elternschaft (2018)
Zitatform
Skora, Thomas (2018): Die räumliche Dimension der Vereinbarkeitsfrage. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Arbeitsweg und Elternschaft. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 39, H. 3, S. 8-11.
Abstract
"Bei den gestiegenen Herausforderungen für Eltern, berufliche und familiäre Ziele miteinander vereinbaren zu können, wurde bisher im öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen Diskurs der Aspekt des täglichen Pendelns zum Arbeitsplatz nur selten berücksichtigt. Diese Forschungslücke greift der Beitrag auf und untersucht, ob und inwieweit große Pendelentfernungen die Entscheidung zur Erstelternschaft beeinflussen. Gleichzeitig wird analysiert, welche Veränderungen die Familiengründung beim Pendel- und Erwerbsverhalten nach sich zieht. So zeigt sich zum Beispiel, dass vor allem westdeutsche Frauen im Zuge der Erstgeburt ihre Pendeldistanz im Durchschnitt reduzieren. Ergänzend dazu gibt der Autor, Dr. Thomas Skora, in einem Interview mit Bevölkerungsforschung Aktuell Auskunft über zentrale Ergebnisse seiner Studie, die zugleich auch seine Dissertation darstellt." (Autorenreferat)
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Literaturhinweis
Parenting support in Europe's North: how is it understood and evaluated in research? (2018)
Zitatform
Sundsbø, Astrid O. (2018): Parenting support in Europe's North. How is it understood and evaluated in research? In: Social policy and society, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 431-441. DOI:10.1017/S1474746418000027
Abstract
"Parenting support in the Nordic countries builds upon a century-long tradition of controls and services run by municipalities and county councils (Hagelund, 2008; Danielsen and Mühleisen, 2009; Lundqvist, 2015). However, with the introduction of structured parental guidance programmes from the 1990s onward (mainly based on research insights and experiences from the US and UK), new elements have been added to the former policy legacy (Lundqvist, 2015)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Universal parenting support in Norway: an unfulfilled promise (2018)
Zitatform
Sundsbø, Astrid O. (2018): Universal parenting support in Norway. An unfulfilled promise. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 503-517. DOI:10.1017/S1474746417000586
Abstract
"This article examines the expansion and underlying aims of structured parenting support in Norway. Norway's approach to parenting support differs from that of most other countries (Glavin and Schaffer, 2014), in supposedly being universal and offered to all parents (Eng et al., 2017). However, it is difficult to determine whether parenting support in Norway is actually unique, since little is known about how it is implemented in practice (Bråten and Sønsterudbråten, 2016; Wesseltoft-Rao et al., 2017). This article contributes further knowledge of how parenting support travels from national-level policy-making down to the level of municipal institutions where it is implemented. The analysis draws upon insights from a comprehensive case study in Bergen, Norway's second largest city, that included fieldwork observations and service mapping over a period of two years (2015 - 2017), a large number of in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, and analysis of relevant documents (advertisements, project applications and project reports, budgets, etc.)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fathers' parental leave-taking, childcare involvement and mothers' labor market participation (2018)
Zitatform
Tamm, Marcus (2018): Fathers' parental leave-taking, childcare involvement and mothers' labor market participation. (Ruhr economic papers 773), Essen, 23 S.
Abstract
"This study analyzes the effect of fathers' parental leave-taking on the time fathers spend with their children and on mothers' and fathers' labor supply. Fathers' leave-taking is highly selective and the identification of causal effects relies on within-father differences in leave-taking for first and higher order children that were triggered by a policy reform promoting more gender equality in leave-taking. Results show that even short periods of fathers' parental leave may have long-lasting effects on fathers' involvement in childcare and housework. Effects on maternal labor supply are also significantly positive but do not persist over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the childless universe: profiles of women and men without children in Italy (2018)
Zitatform
Tocchioni, Valentina (2018): Exploring the childless universe. Profiles of women and men without children in Italy. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 38, S. 451-470. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.19
Abstract
"Background: In recent decades, several Western countries have experienced a large increase in childlessness. Relatively little is known about the profiles of childless women in Italy, and virtually nothing about childless men.
Objective: The aim of this paper is to address this gap by identifying typical life course trajectories of childless women and men in Italy from a gender perspective and in a cross-cohort comparison.
Methods: In order to identify typical patterns I adopted a holistic perspective, applying sequence analysis to data on partnership, employment, and education for a sample of childless women and men derived from the 2009 Italian Family and Social Subjects survey.
Results: Six profiles each were identified for childless women and men, which illustrate the marked heterogeneity of the childless universe. Four out of the six were similar for both genders. Importantly, the life course of the childless evolved across cohorts, with an increasing proportion of employed women and single men in the youngest generations.
Contribution: This work sheds light on differences in childlessness in Italy by gender and generation. It confirms the role of factors such as not having a partner, and adds new empirical findings such as the pattern of disadvantaged, less-educated women and that of highly educated men with a history of unstable employment." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The positive impact of women's employment on divorce: context, selection, or anticipation? (2018)
Zitatform
Vignoli, Daniele, Anna Matysiak, Marta Styrc & Valentina Tocchioni (2018): The positive impact of women's employment on divorce. Context, selection, or anticipation? In: Demographic Research, Jg. 38, S. 1059-1110. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.37
Abstract
"Background: Empirical findings regarding the impact of women's employment on divorce are mixed. One explanation is that the effects are moderated by the country context. Another is that previous studies have failed to account for unobserved factors that introduce bias into the estimated effects. Studies also rarely consider possible anticipatory employment behavior on the part of women who are thinking of divorce.
Objective: The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of the nexus between women's employment and divorce in a comparative perspective.
Methods: We adopt an analytical strategy that allows us to account for selection and anticipation mechanisms. Namely, we estimate marital disruption and employment jointly, and monitor the timing of divorce after employment entry. This approach is implemented using micro-level data for Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Poland.
Results: We find that women's employment facilitates marital disruption in Italy and Poland, but not in Germany and Hungary. We also show that selection effects play out differently in different contexts. Finally, we notice traces of anticipatory behavior in Italy.
Contribution: We conclude that women's employment is less likely to be linked to divorce in countries with easier access to divorce and in countries with more generous financial support for families and single mothers, which in turn makes women less reliant on the market. With this study we hope to encourage future researchers to consider the potentially distorting effects of selection and anticipation strategies in (comparative) divorce research." (Author's abstract, © Max-Planck-Institut für demographische Forschung) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Working from home and the willingness to accept a longer commute (2018)
Zitatform
Vos, Duco de, Evert Meijers & Maarten van Ham (2018): Working from home and the willingness to accept a longer commute. In: The annals of regional science, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 375-398. DOI:10.1007/s00168-018-0873-6
Abstract
"It is generally found that workers are more inclined to accept a job that is located farther away from home if they have the ability to work from home one day a week or more (telecommuting). Such findings inform us about the effectiveness of telecommuting policies that try to alleviate congestion and transport-related emissions, but they also stress that the geography of labour markets is changing due to information technology. We argue that estimates of the effect of working from home on commuting time may be biased because of sorting based on residential- and commuting preferences. In this paper we investigate the relationship between telecommuting and commuting time, controlling for preference-based sorting. We use 7 waves of data from the Dutch Labour Supply Panel and show that on average telecommuters have higher marginal cost of one-way commuting time, compared to non-telecommuters. We estimate the effect of telecommuting on commuting time using a fixed effects approach, and we show that preference-based sorting biases cross-sectional results upwards. This suggests that the bias due to sorting based on residential preferences is strongest. Working from home allows people to accept 5% longer commuting times on average, and every additional 8 h of working from home are associated with 3.5% longer commuting times." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 10875 -
Literaturhinweis
Joint custody law and mothers' labor market outcomes: evidence from the USA (2018)
Zitatform
Vuri, Daniela (2018): Joint custody law and mothers' labor market outcomes. Evidence from the USA. In: Journal of population economics, Jg. 31, H. 4, S. 1203-1237. DOI:10.1007/s00148-017-0680-x
Abstract
"This paper studies the economic implications for mothers of the changes in child custody law from maternal preference to joint custody using the 1960 - 2000 Census Public Use Micro Sample (IPUMS). Variation in the timing of the joint custody reform across states provides a natural experimental framework to study the causal effect of shared custody on mothers' economic outcomes. The results show that only single mothers experience a decrease in earnings as a consequence of the adoption of the joint custody law, exposing them to a higher risk of poverty. The paper discusses a possible explanation for these findings, namely that the higher child support payment the mother receives from the non-custodial father in case of joint custody might discourage her from looking for high paid jobs or investing in her career." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
'I just don't want to connect my life with this occupation': working-class young men, manual labour, and social mobility in contemporary Russia (2018)
Walker, Charlie;Zitatform
Walker, Charlie (2018): 'I just don't want to connect my life with this occupation': working-class young men, manual labour, and social mobility in contemporary Russia. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 69, H. 1, S. 207-225. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.12299
Abstract
"A key strand in the Western literature on working-class masculinities focuses on whether young men are capable of the feminized performances apparently required of them in new service economies. However, the wider literature on processes of neoliberalization - emphasizing the 'hollowing out' of labour markets, the cultural devaluation of lower-skilled forms of employment, and the pathologization of working-class lives - would suggest that it is as much a classed as a gendered transformation that is demanded of young men leaving school with few qualifications. This dimension of neoliberalization is highlighted by ethnographic data exploring the experiences and subjectivities of young workers in St Petersburg, Russia, where traditional forms of manual labour have not given way to 'feminized' work, but have become materially and symbolically impoverished, and are perceived as incapable of supporting the wider transition into adult independence. In this context, young workers attempt to emulate new forms of 'successful masculinity' connected with novel service sector professions and the emergent higher education system, despite the unlikelihood of overcoming a range of structural and cultural barriers. These acquiescent, individualized responses indicate that, while ways of being a man are apparently being liberated from old constraints amongst the more privileged, neoliberalization narrows the range of subject positions available to working-class young men." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
For better or worse?: How more flexibility in working time arrangements and fatherhood affect men's working hours in Germany (2018)
Zitatform
Wanger, Susanne & Ines Zapf (2018): For better or worse? How more flexibility in working time arrangements and fatherhood affect men's working hours in Germany. (IAB-Discussion Paper 09/2018), Nürnberg, 30 S.
Abstract
"Obwohl Väter zunehmend mehr Zeit mit ihren Kindern verbringen und familiäre Aufgaben übernehmen möchten, arbeitet der Großteil nach der Geburt eines Kindes weiterhin in Vollzeit. Flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle könnten hierbei eine wichtige Rolle spielen, um Beruf und Familie bei Vätern besser zu vereinbaren. Auf Basis von Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels und mit Fixed-Effects-Regressionsmodellen untersuchen wir, inwieweit sich flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle auf die tatsächlich geleisteten Arbeitsstunden von Männern und Vätern auswirken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei einem Wechsel von festen zu flexiblen Arbeitszeitmodellen die Arbeitszeit von Männern zunächst ansteigt. Dieser Anstieg ist für Männer mit Kindern geringer als für kinderlose Männer. Wird ein Mann Vater und wechselt im gleichen Jahr zu Gleitzeit mit Arbeitszeitkonto oder selbstbestimmten Arbeitszeiten, dann reduziert sich die tatsächliche Arbeitszeit kurzfristig. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass arbeitnehmerorientierte Arbeitszeitmodelle dazu beitragen können, die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie bei Vätern zu verbessern, auch wenn der Rückgang der Arbeitszeit bei Vätern noch relativ klein ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
später (möglw. abweichend) erschienen in: Journal of Family Research -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitszeiten zwischen Wunsch und Wirklichkeit: Wie Diskrepanzen entstehen und wie man sie auflöst (2018)
Zitatform
Weber, Enzo & Franziska Zimmert (2018): Arbeitszeiten zwischen Wunsch und Wirklichkeit: Wie Diskrepanzen entstehen und wie man sie auflöst. (IAB-Kurzbericht 13/2018), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Arbeitszeitwünsche und tatsächliche Arbeitszeiten der Beschäftigten in Deutschland stimmen oft nicht überein, zum Beispiel aufgrund familiärer und berufsbezogener Rahmenbedingungen. Solche Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen treten bei Frauen ebenso auf wie bei Männern und können sich auf die Lebens-, Gesundheits- oder Arbeitszufriedenheit der Betroffenen negativ auswirken. Kürzere Arbeitszeiten können die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf vereinfachen oder dabei helfen, Familienarbeit ausgewogener zu gestalten. In dem Wunsch nach einer Arbeitszeitverlängerung liegt ein Beschäftigungspotenzial, das zur Sicherung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs beitragen kann. In dem Kurzbericht wird die Verbreitung von Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen in den letzten 30 Jahren betrachtet und untersucht, welche Faktoren zu ihrer Entstehung beziehungsweise zu ihrer Auflösung beitragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Striking a balance: Reconciling work and life in the EU: Working conditions (2018)
Wilkens, Mathijn; Cabrita, Jorge; Anderson, Robert; Jungblut, Jean-Marie;Zitatform
Wilkens, Mathijn, Jorge Cabrita, Jean-Marie Jungblut & Robert Anderson (2018): Striking a balance: Reconciling work and life in the EU. Working conditions. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, IV, 70 S. DOI:10.2806/560184
Abstract
"How to combine work with life is a fundamental issue for many people, an issue that policymakers, social partners, businesses and individuals are seeking to resolve. Simultaneously, new challenges and solutions are transforming the interface between work and life: an ageing population, technological change, higher employment rates and fewer weekly working hours. This report aims to examine the reciprocal relationship between work and life for people in the EU, the circumstances in which they struggle to reconcile the two domains, and what is most important for them in terms of their work - life balance. The report draws on a range of data sources, in particular the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Female (un)employment and work-life balance: A discussion paper from the Employment Thematic Network (2018)
Wuiame, Nathalie; Johnson, Toby;Zitatform
herausgegeben von T. Johnson (Hrsg.); Wuiame, Nathalie (2018): Female (un)employment and work-life balance. A discussion paper from the Employment Thematic Network. (ESF technical dossier 08), Brüssel, 37 S. DOI:10.2767/022588
Abstract
"The objective of this paper is to give an updated overview of the different situations of men and women in the labour market. It examines what the contribution of the Structural and Investment Funds - and especially the ESF - can be, in terms of both female employment and work life balance initiatives. The report concludes with some recommendations on how current and future European funds can better support female employment and gender equality through fighting gender stereotypes and gender segregation, changing the prevalent working culture, providing high-quality and affordable care solutions, and supporting women in specific situations such as victims of domestic violence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fertility cost, intergenerational labor division, and female employment (2018)
Zitatform
Yu, Haiyue, Jin Cao & Shulong Kang (2018): Fertility cost, intergenerational labor division, and female employment. (CESifo working paper 7293), München, 36 S.
Abstract
"China has set to increase the minimum retirement age, to ease the pressure from pension expenditure and the falling labor supply caused by the aging population. However, policy debates have so far neglected the crucial fact that families in China largely rely on retired grandparents for childcare. Using novel and high-quality survey data, we demonstrate that intrafamily downward labor transfer towards childcare significantly increases young females' labor force participation rate and their labor income, and such effects do not exist for males. Furthermore, we show that the positive effects from grandparental childcare are higher for better-educated, urban females with younger children. This paper thus reveals a large, hidden cost in the new retirement policy -- the reduced feasibility of grandparental support, due to postponed retirements, may crowd out productive labor of young females, -- and rationalizes a series of social protection policies to accompany the phase-in of the new retirement scheme." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vereinbarkeit von Ausbildung und Familie - Entwicklung betrieblicher Teilzeitausbildung: Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/412) (2018)
Zitatform
(2018): Vereinbarkeit von Ausbildung und Familie - Entwicklung betrieblicher Teilzeitausbildung. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion DIE LINKE (Drucksache 19/412). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/683 (06.02.2018)), 22 S.
Abstract
"Ausgeschriebene und unbesetzte Teilzeitausbildungsstellen, Nachfrage, Abschluss von Ausbildungsverträgen in Voll- und Teilzeit, Wirksamkeit der 11 Modellprojekte des BMBF, Förderung für Alleinerziehende, Branchen und Berufe mit den meisten Teilzeitplätzen, Angebot im öffentlichen Dienst, Alleinerziehende im SGB-II-Bezug ohne abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung, Anträge von Azubis in betrieblicher Ausbildung auf SGB II-Leistungen bzw. auf Wechsel in Teilzeit, zahlr. weitere Einzelfragen zur Teilzeitausbildung, gesetzgeberischer Handlungsbedarf betr. Rechtsanspruch, Akzeptanzförderung (insgesamt 24 Einzelfragen)" (Dokumentations- und Informationssystem Bundestag und Bundesrat - DIP)
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Literaturhinweis
Work/life balance policy in Germany: promoting equal partnership in families (2017)
Adema, Willem; Thévenon, Olivier; Kim, Hyunsook; Clarke, Chris; Frey, Valérie; Greulich, Angela ; Rattenhuber, Pia;Zitatform
Adema, Willem, Chris Clarke, Valérie Frey, Angela Greulich, Hyunsook Kim, Pia Rattenhuber & Olivier Thévenon (2017): Work/life balance policy in Germany. Promoting equal partnership in families. In: International social security review, Jg. 70, H. 2, S. 31-55. DOI:10.1111/issr.12134
Abstract
"Across the OECD, public policies seek to support parents in achieving their desired work/life balance. This article introduces the background to and issues at stake in promoting equal partnerships in families in Germany. Families in Germany face considerable challenges to spending more time together and achieving a more gender-balanced reconciliation of work and family life, as paid work hours for fathers are long on full-time jobs and many women are in part-time jobs. Family policy can play an important role and Germany has made substantial progress in supporting families ahead of and after the birth of a child. Important in this regard are the parental leave reforms of 2007 and 2015 and the extension of childcare supports that better enable fathers and mothers to combine work and family commitments. The article assesses recent developments in family policies in Germany while also drawing from the experiences of countries with longstanding policies to support work/life balance and strengthen gender equality." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alte neue Ungleichheiten?: Auflösungen und Neukonfigurationen von Erwerbs- und Familiensphäre (2017)
Alemann, Annette von; Beaufaÿs, Sandra; Kortendiek, Beate;Zitatform
Alemann, Annette von, Sandra Beaufaÿs & Beate Kortendiek (Hrsg.) (2017): Alte neue Ungleichheiten? Auflösungen und Neukonfigurationen von Erwerbs- und Familiensphäre. (Gender. Sonderheft 04), Opladen: Budrich, 181 S.
Abstract
"Wie sehen die Lebensrealitäten von Frauen und Männern in den Lebensbereichen 'Erwerbssystem' und 'Familie' aus? Welche Interdependenzen und damit möglicherweise einhergehenden Ungleichheiten im Geschlechterverhältnis ergeben sich hieraus? Das Heft präsentiert theoretische und empirische Beiträge, die sich mit der Auflösung und Neubestimmung der gesellschaftlichen Sphären 'Erwerbsarbeit' und 'private Lebensführung' auseinandersetzen. Dabei werden neben der Analyse des Bestehenden auch aktuelle Tendenzen und Perspektiven diskutiert. "(Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
European top managers' support for work-life arrangements (2017)
Been, Wike M.; Niemistö, Charlotta ; Lippe, Tanja van der ; Mrcela, Aleksandra Kanjuo; Guerreiro, Maria Das Dores Horta; den Dulk, Laura ;Zitatform
Been, Wike M., Tanja van der Lippe, Laura den Dulk, Maria Das Dores Horta Guerreiro, Aleksandra Kanjuo Mrcela & Charlotta Niemistö (2017): European top managers' support for work-life arrangements. In: Social science research, Jg. 65, H. July, S. 60-74. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.02.004
Abstract
"Top managers - defined as CEOs, CFOs and members of boards of directors - decide to what degree their organization offers employees work-life arrangements. This study focuses on the conditions under which they support such arrangements. A factorial survey of 202 top managers in five European countries was conducted in 2012. The analyses are based on 1212 vignettes. Implications are drawn from an integrated framework of neo-institutional theory, business case argumentation and the managerial interpretation approach. The results show that top managers simultaneously consider multiple conditions in deciding upon their support for work-life arrangements (i.e., the costs involved, the return in terms of employee commitment, and the type of arrangement, specifically having a preference for flextime and telecommuting over leave policies and part time hours). Additionally, they favor work-life arrangements designed for all employees above work-life arrangements granted to specific employees. How top managers weigh certain conditions depends on the organizational and national contexts. Their personal characteristics, however, do not seem to explain their support for work-life arrangements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitszeiten von Vätern: Welche Rolle spielen betriebskulturelle und betriebsstrukturelle Rahmenbedingungen? (2017)
Zitatform
Bernhardt, Janine & Mareike Bünning (2017): Arbeitszeiten von Vätern. Welche Rolle spielen betriebskulturelle und betriebsstrukturelle Rahmenbedingungen? In: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 49-71. DOI:10.3224/zff.v29i1.03
Abstract
"Viele Väter wünschen sich kürzere Arbeitszeiten, setzen diesen Wunsch jedoch nicht um. Studien zur Rolle von Arbeitsorganisationen für die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf lassen ungünstige betriebliche Rahmenbedingungen als einen wichtigen Hinderungsgrund vermuten. Quantitative Studien stehen mangels Datengrundlage jedoch bislang weitgehend aus. Basierend auf einer AID:A-Zusatzbefragung von 878 Elternpaaren aus dem Jahr 2015 untersucht dieser Beitrag Zusammenhänge zwischen betriebskulturellen und -strukturellen Faktoren und den Arbeitszeiten von Vätern. Dabei differenzieren wir zwischen Teilzeitarbeit, vertraglichen und tatsächlichen Arbeitszeiten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen robusten Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ausmaß an formellen, allgemeingültigen und transparenten Regelungen im Betrieb und kürzeren Arbeitszeiten von Vätern. Verfügbarkeits- und Vertretungskulturen sind offenbar besonders dafür relevant, ob vertragliche Arbeitszeiten auch eingehalten werden. Überraschend haben Väter umso längere vertragliche Arbeitszeiten, je stärker sie sich von ihren Vorgesetzten unterstützt fühlen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auch darauf hin, dass günstige kulturelle Rahmenbedingungen für kürzere Arbeitszeiten von Vätern in vielen Branchen und Betrieben unterschiedlicher Größe möglich sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug