Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik im internationalen Vergleich
"Aktivierung" als zentrales Prinzip der Leistungsgewährung für Langzeitarbeitslose bzw. erwerbsfähige Sozialhilfeempfänger wurde in Deutschland mit der sogenannten "Hartz IV-Reform" eingeführt. Dänemark, Schweden, die Niederlande und Großbritannien haben diesen Schritt bereits früher vollzogen. Dieses Themendossier bietet Literatur zur Ausgestaltung dieser Programme, zu den Zugängen und ihren Effekten auf die Erwerbsintegration und den Abgang aus dem Leistungsbezug.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Vulnerability of the 'Entrepreneurial Self': Analysing the Interplay between Labour Markets and Social Policy (2017)
Zitatform
Caraher, Kevin & Enrico Reuter (2017): Vulnerability of the 'Entrepreneurial Self'. Analysing the Interplay between Labour Markets and Social Policy. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 483-496. DOI:10.1017/S1474746417000033
Abstract
"Precarious forms of employment and increased subjectivation have profoundly altered the way in which wage-labour acts as an integrative force in society. At the same time and contributing to these changes, the focus of social policies has undergone a significant transformation, leading to an increased emphasis on individualised activation. Using the concept of vulnerability, the article has three objectives: First, to argue for an understanding of vulnerability that is sensitive to the importance of wage-labour; secondly, to outline how changes in labour markets due to the ongoing crisis of contemporary capitalism create vulnerability and to assess how social policies contribute as well as attempt to respond to these vulnerabilities with ambivalent outcomes; and finally to introduce an analytical approach to explore the interplay between social policy and socio-economic structures in determining the extent and nature of labour-market related vulnerability using the case of self-employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work activation regimes and well-being of unemployed people: rhetoric, risk and reality of quasi-marketization in the UK Work Programme (2017)
Zitatform
Carter, Eleanor & Adam Whitworth (2017): Work activation regimes and well-being of unemployed people. Rhetoric, risk and reality of quasi-marketization in the UK Work Programme. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 51, H. 5, S. 796-816. DOI:10.1111/spol.12206
Abstract
"Well-being and employment activation have become central and intertwined policy priorities across advanced economies, with the mandation of unemployed claimants towards employability interventions (e.g. curriculum vitae preparation and interview skills). Compelled job search and job transitions are in part justified by the well-being gains that resulting employment is said to deliver. However, this dominant focus within the activation field on outcome well-being - the well-being improvement triggered by a transition to paid work - neglects how participation in activation schemes can itself affect well-being levels for unemployed people - what we term 'process well-being' effects. Combining theoretical literature with empirical work on the UK's large-scale quasi-marketized Work Programme activation scheme, we develop the limited existing academic discussion of process well-being effects, considering whether and how activation participation mediates the negative well-being effects of unemployment, irrespective of any employment outcomes. We further relate variation in such process well-being effects to the literature on activation typologies, in which 'thinner' work-first activation interventions are linked to weaker process well-being effects for participants compared to 'thicker' human capital development interventions. Confirming these expectations, our empirical work shows that Work Programme participants have, to date, experienced a largely 'thin' activation regime in which participants are both expected to, and empirically demonstrate, similar if not lower levels of process well-being than those who are openly unemployed. These concerning findings speak to all nations seeking to promote the well-being of unemployed people and particularly those perusing 'black box' activation schemes based around quasi-marketization, devolution and New Public Management." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The frontline delivery of welfare-to-work in context (2017)
Zitatform
Caswell, Dorte, Peter Kupka, Flemming Larsen & Rik van Berkel (2017): The frontline delivery of welfare-to-work in context. In: R. van Berkel, D. Caswell, P. Kupka & F. Larsen (Hrsg.) (2017): Frontline delivery of welfare-to-work policies in Europe : activating the unemployed, London, Routledge S. 1-11, 2017-03-29.
Abstract
Der Einführungsbeitrag widmet sich zunächst den Kontextfaktoren, die bei der Umsetzung einer aktivierenden Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik durch die Arbeitsberater und -vermittler von Bedeutung sind. An erster Stelle stehen hierbei die politischen Vorgaben, wie Zielgruppen und arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahmen. Den Rahmen für die Politikumsetzung bildet die Governance, d.h. welche Akteure auf welche Weise zusammenarbeiten. An dritter Stelle steht die Organisation das Case Managements innerhalb der ausführenden Organisationen. Ein vierter Aspekt ist der berufliche Kontext der Fallmanager (Ausbildung, berufliches Selbstverständnis). Im Folgenden beschreiben die Autoren das Ziel des Buches, einen Einblick in die Aktivierungspraxis von acht europäischen Ländern zu geben und die Kontextfaktoren sowie die Auswirkungen der Politikumsetzung einzuschätzen. Abschließend geben sie einen Überblick über die einzelnen Beiträge. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The Lost and the New 'Liberal World' of Welfare Capitalism: A Critical Assessment of Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism a Quarter Century Later (2017)
Zitatform
Deeming, Christopher (2017): The Lost and the New 'Liberal World' of Welfare Capitalism. A Critical Assessment of Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism a Quarter Century Later. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 405-422. DOI:10.1017/S1474746415000676
Abstract
"Celebrating the 25th birthday of Gøsta Esping-Andersen's seminal book The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990), this article looks back at the old 'liberal world' and examines the new. In so doing, it contributes to debates and the literature on liberal welfare state development in three main ways. First, it considers the concept of 'liberalism' and liberal ideas about welfare provision contained within Three Worlds. Here we are also interested in how liberal thought has conceptualised the (welfare) state, and the class-mobilisation theory of welfare-state development. Second, the article elaborates on 'neo-'liberal social reforms and current welfare arrangements in the English-speaking democracies and their welfare states. Finally, it considers the extent to which the English-speaking world of welfare capitalism is still meaningfully 'liberal' and coherent today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Activation policies: policies of social inclusion or social exclusion? (2017)
Zitatform
Eleveld, Anja (2017): Activation policies. Policies of social inclusion or social exclusion? In: The journal of poverty and social justice, Jg. 25, H. 3, S. 277-285. DOI:10.1332/175982717X15024428691894
Abstract
"This section contains the main results of the research on the extent of work-related sanctions and its relation to the risk of social exclusion and poverty in 25 European welfare states. The next subsection briefly addresses the selection of European welfare states, followed by an explanation of the construction of the sanction indicator. The next section after that examines the sanction indicator of 25 European welfare states, with a subsection analysing the relation between the ranking on the sanction indicator list and the risk of social exclusion and poverty." (Text excerpt, © 2017 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Österreich 2025 - Arbeitslosigkeit und die Rolle der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik (2017)
Zitatform
Eppel, Rainer, Helmut Mahringer & Petra Sauer (2017): Österreich 2025 - Arbeitslosigkeit und die Rolle der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 90, H. 6, S. 493-505.
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren nahm die Arbeitslosigkeit deutlich zu und verfestigte sich auf der individuellen Ebene, besonders unter Geringqualifizierten, Älteren und/oder Personen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund liefert der vorliegende Beitrag eine Bestandsaufnahme der nationalen und internationalen Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik hinsichtlich ihrer zentralen Aufgabe, Arbeitslose bei der Rückkehr in die Beschäftigung zu unterstützen. Die gesetzten Maßnahmen zeigen in Österreich und anderen OECD-Ländern - gerade auch bei schwacher Konjunktur und angespannter Arbeitsmarktlage - ihre Wirkung, indem sie für bestimmte Personengruppen die Beschäftigungschancen erhöhen und in moderatem Ausmaß auch zu einer Verringerung der aggregierten Arbeitslosigkeit beitragen. Dennoch besteht Verbesserungspotential hinsichtlich des Einsatzes und der konkreten Ausgestaltung der Förderungen." (Author's abstract, © WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The threat effect of active labor market programs: a systematic review (2017)
Filges, Trine; Hansen, Anne Toft;Zitatform
Filges, Trine & Anne Toft Hansen (2017): The threat effect of active labor market programs. A systematic review. In: Journal of Economic Surveys, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 58-78. DOI:10.1111/joes.12134
Abstract
"This paper is a systematic review of the threat effect of active labor market programs for unemployed individuals. The threat effect is the induced change in the hazard rate of leaving unemployment prior to program participation. Studies included in the review all estimated a threat effect, with the participants in all cases being unemployed individuals in receipt of benefit of some kind during their tenure of unemployment. Eight of these studies have been included in a meta-analysis: The meta-analysis, which has been carried out using a random effects model to account for heterogeneity, indicated a hazard ratio of 1.25 for the pooled estimate. We conclude that active labor market programs constitute a statistically significant threat effect, although it is modest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aktivierende Sozialpolitik zwischen Systemimperativ und Eigensinn: Eine Untersuchung der Effekte und Aneignungen der Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung in Österreich (2017)
Globisch, Claudia; Madlung, Fabian;Zitatform
Globisch, Claudia & Fabian Madlung (2017): Aktivierende Sozialpolitik zwischen Systemimperativ und Eigensinn. Eine Untersuchung der Effekte und Aneignungen der Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung in Österreich. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 42, H. 4, S. 321-343., 2016-11-03. DOI:10.1007/s11614-017-0274-6
Abstract
"Der Beitrag untersucht die Effekte und Aneignungsformen aktivierender Sozialpolitik am Beispiel der Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung in Österreich. Grundlage hierfür ist eine umfassende qualitative Studie auf Basis von narrativen Interviews mit Mindestsicherungsempfänger_innen und Berater_innen, die zwischen 2013 und 2015 erhoben wurden. 'Aktivierung' wird dabei als normative Vorgabe und zugleich institutionalisierte Strategie rekonstruiert, die mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher Interventionen und Programme auf die Formierung von Einstellungen und Verhaltensmustern zur Herstellung marktgängiger Subjekte und ihrer 'Employability' zielt und als Herrschafts- und Selbsttechnologie verstanden wird. Die Frage, ob sich Subjekte gemäß den sozialpolitischen Zielen der 'employablity' aktivieren lassen, wird mit einer Typologie von Handlungsaktivierungen beantwortet, die zeigt, dass die untersuchten Subjekte zwar in den meisten Fällen 'aktiv', aber nicht durch die aktivierungspolitischen Maßnahmen im Sinne der 'employability' aktiviert werden. Die Überlegungen stehen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Armuts- und Arbeitslosigkeitsforschung, Subjektivierung und Gouvernementalitäts-Forschung." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Globisch, Claudia; -
Literaturhinweis
Welfare States and Labour Market Change: What is the Possible Relation? (2017)
Zitatform
Greve, Bent (2017): Welfare States and Labour Market Change. What is the Possible Relation? In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 389-403. DOI:10.1111/spol.12293
Abstract
"Welfare states in many countries have, at least since the financial crisis, been under strong pressure from high levels of unemployment. We are expecting dramatic changes to labour markets. This article first presents the various arguments as to why there have or have not been substantial changes to labour markets, and whether there might be in the future, including arguments pro and con the possible impact thereof. The article thus provides a review of knowledge within the field, with a focus especially on how this can or might have an impact on welfare states, given the often strong connection between being on the labour market, access to a variety of welfare benefits and the ability to finance welfare states. It uses concepts such as under-employment and new forms of jobs as indicators of change. These changes implying, more than ever, that having a job does not necessarily entail that a person has a stable and solid income above the poverty level. Lastly, the article discusses whether some welfare states regime types are more prepared than others." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Investing in work: exclusionary inclusion in Austria, Belgium and Norway (2017)
Zitatform
Gubrium, Erika K., Bettina Leibetseder, Danielle Dierckx & Peter Raeymaeckers (2017): Investing in work: exclusionary inclusion in Austria, Belgium and Norway. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 37, H. 9/10, S. 605-622. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-01-2017-0001
Abstract
"Purpose
We compare the impact of two social investment strategies (labour activation and governance coordination) targeted to social assistance clients within three different welfare-system coordination cases, with focus on social and economic inclusion.
Design/methodology/approach
We focus on the impact of reform at micro (individually-experienced impact), meso (impact across settings) and macro (socio-structural impact) levels.
Findings
While social Investment reform has given some clients new opportunities, in no study case were clients fully able to use the incentive-driven strategies. Reforms have led to a 'Matthew effect': the better resourced reap the largest benefit from new services on offer while the less resourced have their marginal socioeconomic position reinforced. Clients may internalize their relative activation success. Intimate connections between macro- and micro-impacts may have heightened the sense of social and economic exclusion, stigma and shame experienced by those who are most vulnerable.
Originality/value
Scholars have assessed social investment according to its economic performance, but there has been a lack of research considering impact of reform on socio-economic inclusion." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Employment effects of active labor market programs for sick-listed workers (2017)
Zitatform
Holm, Anders, Jan Høgelund, Mette Gørtz, Kristin Storck Rasmussen & Helle Sofie Bøje Houlberg (2017): Employment effects of active labor market programs for sick-listed workers. In: Journal of Health Economics, Jg. 52, H. March, S. 33-44. DOI:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.01.006
Abstract
"We use register data of 88,948 sick-listed workers in Denmark over the period 2008 - 2011 to investigate the effect of active labor market programs on the duration until returning to non-subsidized employment and the duration of this employment. To identify causal treatment effects, we exploit over-time variation in the use of active labor market programs in 98 job centers and time-to- event. We find that ordinary education and subsidized job training have significant positive employment effects. Subsidized job training has a large, positive effect on the transition into employment but no effect on the subsequent employment duration. In contrast, ordinary education has a positive effect on employment duration but no effect on the transition into employment. The latter effect is the result of two opposing effects, a large positive effect of having completed education and a large negative lock-in effect, with low re-employment chances during program participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Consequences of activation policy targeting young adults with health-related problems in Sweden and Denmark (2017)
Zitatform
Hultqvist, Sara & Iben Nørup (2017): Consequences of activation policy targeting young adults with health-related problems in Sweden and Denmark. In: The journal of poverty and social justice, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 147-161. DOI:10.1332/175982717X14940647262909
Abstract
"The Scandinavian countries have a long history of active labour market policy, using activation to promote work among those with no problems besides unemployment. However, activation policy is now permeating social policies providing economic protection for young adults who cannot work for health reasons, which has been legitimised through a strong emphasis on paid work as the main source of social participation. In this article, we discuss the consequences of this activation policy in Denmark and Sweden, and argue that the strong emphasis on work has counterproductive consequences when directed towards individuals with health problems." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Leben im transformierten Sozialstaat: Sozialpolitische Perspektiven auf Soziale Arbeit. Überlegungen zur Zusammenführung zweier Forschungsstränge (2017)
Klammer, Ute; Leiber, Simone; Leitner, Sigrid;Zitatform
Klammer, Ute, Simone Leiber & Sigrid Leitner (2017): Leben im transformierten Sozialstaat. Sozialpolitische Perspektiven auf Soziale Arbeit. Überlegungen zur Zusammenführung zweier Forschungsstränge. In: Soziale Passagen, Jg. 9, H. 1, S. 7-21. DOI:10.1007/s12592-017-0263-4
Abstract
"Der Beitrag stellt das Forschungsprogramm des kooperativen Promotionskollegs 'Leben im transformierten Sozialstaat' vor. Ausgehend von einer gemeinsam geteilten Zeitdiagnose, nämlich dass die drei zentralen Paradigmen Aktivierung, Eigenverantwortung und Autonomie die Transformation von Sozialpolitik und Sozialer Arbeit prägen, stellt sich die Frage, welche Auswirkungen diese Prozesse auf die konkreten Lebenssituationen der Adressat*innen haben. Dabei wird aus zwei Forschungsperspektiven heraus argumentiert: Zum einen analysiert die sozialpolitische Wirkungsforschung die Folgen von Reformpolitiken für die Lebenslagen und Handlungsspielräume der Betroffenen. Zum anderen thematisiert die sozialpädagogische Adressat*innenforschung, wie die Alltagspraxis der Menschen sich unter veränderten sozialpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen neu gestaltet. Der Mehrwert dieser Pendelbewegung zwischen Makro- und Mikro-Ebene wird herausgestellt." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Effectiveness and efficiency of active labour market policies (2017)
Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2017): Effectiveness and efficiency of active labour market policies. In: WCC Development B.V. (Hrsg.) (2017): Managing workforce potential : a 20/20 vision on the future of employment services, S. 15-25.
Abstract
"Active labor market policies play an important role in the portfolio of economic policymakers in many European countries. ALMPs are a means of combating cyclical and structural unemployment and promoting employment. In the aftermath of the Great Recession there is renewed interest in the potential for active labor market policies to help ease a wide range of labor market problems, including youth unemployment and joblessness among displaced adults. In many countries, governments spend substantial amounts on ALMPs for unemployed workers with the aim of increasing their chances and speed of finding a job. The expenditures for ALMPs like job search assistance, training, wage subsidies, and public employment go above one percent of GDP in countries like Denmark and Sweden. They are usually higher for measures than for services, the UK being an exception." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond the 'train-first'/'work-first' dichotomy: how welfare states help or hinder maternal employment (2017)
Zitatform
Kowalewska, Helen (2017): Beyond the 'train-first'/'work-first' dichotomy. How welfare states help or hinder maternal employment. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 3-24. DOI:10.1177/0958928716673316
Abstract
"Since the mid-1990s, welfare states have introduced various 'activation' policies designed to promote employment. Most typologies distinguish between a Nordic-style 'train-first' approach focused on developing jobseekers' employability and an Anglo-Saxon 'work-first' approach that instead emphasises quick job (re-)entry. These typologies tell us what activation means for the unemployed (male) worker. However, by ignoring the family, they overlook what activation means for the (female) parent-worker with childcare responsibilities. To contribute to filling this gap, this article uses fuzzy-set ideal-type analysis to compare 22 countries representing five 'worlds' of welfare by how (de-)activating their labour market policies, parental leave provisions, childcare services and the scheduling of primary education are for lone mothers. It reveals that cross-national variations in support for maternal activation are not well captured by the Nordic-style 'train-first'/Anglo-Saxon 'work-first' dichotomy. Hence, despite the greater attention to gender and 'new social risks' within comparative social policy scholarship in recent years, the activation literature remains gender-blind." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Activation 'Made in Germany': welfare-to-work services under the 'Social Code II' (2017)
Zitatform
Kupka, Peter & Christopher Osiander (2017): Activation 'Made in Germany'. Welfare-to-work services under the 'Social Code II'. In: R. van Berkel, D. Caswell, P. Kupka & F. Larsen (Hrsg.) (2017): Frontline delivery of welfare-to-work policies in Europe : activating the unemployed, S. 88-106, 2017-03-29.
Abstract
Die Autoren beschreiben zunächst den Inhalt und die Umsetzung der sog. Hartz-Reformen in Deutschland. Hierzu zählen vor allem die Zusammenlegung von Arbeitslosen- und Sozialhilfe zum Arbeitslosengeld II, die Einführung des Konzepts der 'Erwerbsfähigkeit' und von 'Bedarfsgemeinschaften'. Im Folgenden gehen sie auf organisatorische Probleme bei der Umsetzung und die Rolle der Jobcenter ein und widmen sich den Aufgaben und der Rolle der Fallmanager. Dabei beziehen sich die Autoren auf Feldforschungsergebnisse. Thematisiert werden Arbeitsvermittlung und Arbeitsberatung in der Praxis, Eingliederungsvereinbarungen sowie der Einsatz von Sanktionen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich eine große Heterogenität sowohl der Arbeitsuchenden als auch der Fallmanager, woraus Unterschiede in der Qualität des Case Managements resultieren. Problematisch erweist sich die Doppelrolle der Fallmanager, die einerseits den Arbeitsuchenden beratend zur Seite stehen, andererseits deren Bemühungen um Arbeit bewerten und bei Nichteinhaltung der Anforderungen sanktionieren sollen. Die Eingliederungsvereinbarung wird zu einem bürokratischen Instrument, welches die asymmetrische Machtbeziehung zwischen Arbeitsuchenden und Fallmanagern noch verstärkt. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Active labor market programs' effects on entrepreneurship and unemployment (2017)
Zitatform
Laffineur, Catherine, Saulo Dubard Barbosa, Alain Fayolle & Emeran Nziali (2017): Active labor market programs' effects on entrepreneurship and unemployment. In: Small business economics, Jg. 49, H. 4, S. 889-918. DOI:10.1007/s11187-017-9857-7
Abstract
"Many countries are turning to active labor market programs (ALMP) to increase individuals' incentive to start a business and to reduce unemployment, but research on the effectiveness of such programs has produced mixed results and is still inconclusive at the macroeconomic level. This article examines the importance of ALMP targeted at entrepreneurship to explain cross-country differences in aggregate entrepreneurship rate. By using GEM data over the period 2002-2013 on OECD countries, our results show a positive impact of ALMP on the rate of necessity entrepreneurship but no significant effect on the rate of opportunity entrepreneurship. We further established that generous unemployment benefits reduce the positive outcome of ALMP on the aggregate rate of necessity entrepreneurship. Moreover, because most businesses started out of necessity do not create new jobs, we find that the economic spin-off of such programs in terms of unemployment reduction is very limited." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Is there a rationale to contact the unemployed right from the start?: evidence from a natural field experiment (2017)
Zitatform
Landeghem, Bert van, Frank Cörvers & Andries de Grip (2017): Is there a rationale to contact the unemployed right from the start? Evidence from a natural field experiment. In: Labour economics, Jg. 45, H. April, S. 158-168. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.11.009
Abstract
"Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) often exclusively target towards the long-term unemployed. Although it might be more efficient to intervene earlier in order to prevent long-term unemployment rather than to cure it, the climate of austerity in Eurozone countries is spreading a tendency to further reduce the basic counselling for those who become unemployed. This study investigates the impact on employment chances of a relatively light and inexpensive intervention. In a field experiment in a public employment office in Flanders, a random selection of clients were invited for a mandatory information session in the first month of the unemployment spell, while the control group were invited after four months of unemployment. Although the average intention-to-treat effect we find is not significant, the early intervention appears to be very beneficial for those with low education." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 9627 -
Literaturhinweis
Die experimentelle Arbeitsmarktpolitik der 1980er- und 1990er-Jahre in Österreich: Rückschlüsse und Perspektiven für Gegenwart und Zukunft der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik (2017)
Lechner, Ferdinand; Wetzel, Petra; Willsberger, Barbara; Reiter, Walter;Zitatform
Lechner, Ferdinand, Walter Reiter, Petra Wetzel & Barbara Willsberger (2017): Die experimentelle Arbeitsmarktpolitik der 1980er- und 1990er-Jahre in Österreich. Rückschlüsse und Perspektiven für Gegenwart und Zukunft der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (AMS report 122), Wien, 126 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Bericht, der im Auftrag des AMS Österreich von L&R Sozialforschung mit Jahresende 2016 abgeschlossen wurde, rekonstruiert im Teil A die Entwicklung der experimentellen Arbeitsmarktpolitik der 1980er- und 1990er-Jahre und stellt ihre Leistungen und Erfolge dar. Der Terminus 'Experimentelle Arbeitsmarktpolitik' hat sich im Zuge der Positionierung neuer Ansätze der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik erst herausgebildet. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Begriffsschöpfung, die nicht aus dem legistischen Bereich stammt, sondern die sowohl von MitarbeiterInnen im Ministerium und bei den verschiedenen Landesarbeitsämtern als auch von den TrägerakteurInnen der ersten Stunde gewählt wurde, um auf verschiedene Aspekte einer neuen Politikgestaltung hinzuweisen.
Aufbauend auf der Rekonstruktion der experimentellen Arbeitsmarktpolitik und einer Bestandsaufnahme ihrer Wirkungen und Erfolge wird im Teil B versucht, den Bogen zu einer künftigen Arbeitsmarktpolitik zu spannen. Es geht darum, die Rahmenbedingungen für künftige Innovationen - von Experimenten ist in der Politik schon lange keine Rede mehr - im Bereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik aufzuzeigen. Zudem werden Ansätze skizziert, mit denen ein Aufbrechen erstarrter Förderstrukturen erreicht und auch neue Finanzierungsgrundlagen wie Finanzierungsformen erschlossen werden könnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
A new kid in town? Active inclusion elements in European minimum income schemes (2017)
Zitatform
Marchal, Sarah & Natascha Van Mechelen (2017): A new kid in town? Active inclusion elements in European minimum income schemes. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 51, H. 1, S. 171-194. DOI:10.1111/spol.12177
Abstract
"This article assesses the current variation in activation strategies directed towards able-bodied persons of working age relying on a minimum income guarantee in 19 EU member states. First, we argue that the active inclusion notion developed by the European Commission in its Recommendation on the active inclusion of persons excluded from the labour market provides a useful tool to categorize current activation strategies towards minimum income protection (MIP) recipients. Consequently, we assess the empirical viability of active inclusion strategies in a fuzzy set ideal type analysis of purpose-collected institutional data. We find that there are only few countries where the activation discourse has remained a dead letter. Most countries implement policy measures that aim to discourage benefit dependency among MIP recipients. Nevertheless, behind the realities of activation strategies towards MIP recipients seldom lies the notion of active inclusion as defined by the European Commission. Particularly, many countries focus predominantly on incentives to increase labour market participation rates of MIP recipients, rather than enabling measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unravelling the politics of activation reforms: exploring the unusual Israeli trajectory (2017)
Zitatform
Maron, Asa & Sara Helman (2017): Unravelling the politics of activation reforms. Exploring the unusual Israeli trajectory. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 51, H. 3, S. 405-423. DOI:10.1111/spol.12171
Abstract
"Contemporary active labour market (ALM) reforms are pivotal in the reorganization of the welfare state as they challenge and threaten some of the fundamental achievements of labour in capitalist societies: social programmes and entitlements that compensate for unemployment, and governance arrangements in which the social partners share authority and responsibility with the state. Consequently, ALM reforms may give raise to social unrest and political struggle that involves the state (the main proponent of ALM reforms), trade unions and political parties. These conflicts are important in the politicization of reforms, i.e. raising public awareness of and engagement with controversies of welfare state change.
In this article, we use a non-European perspective to ask more generally how distinct historical institutions create separate 'politicization trajectories' of ALM reforms, which in turn produce different policy designs and outcomes. Centring on the case of Israel, in which historically 'abnormal' class politics fostered indifference to the reform in both trade unions and political parties, we maintain that the preliminary de-politicization made it possible for bureaucrats to control the reform, leading to an intra-state conflict between competing agencies over its design and implementation. The usurpation of the reform by the Ministry of Finance made it conspicuously unbalanced, provoking many grievances. Paradoxically, the de-politicization of the reform advanced its re-politicization, led by non-governmental advocacy organizations in civil society. These uncommon political actors in the politics of ALM reforms were able to lead a counter-coalition, delegitimize the reform, and mobilize politicians to eventually terminate activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
A Qualitative Study Exploring Matters of Ill-being and Well-being in Norwegian Activation Policy (2017)
Ohls, Carolina;Zitatform
Ohls, Carolina (2017): A Qualitative Study Exploring Matters of Ill-being and Well-being in Norwegian Activation Policy. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 593-606. DOI:10.1017/S1474746416000397
Abstract
"This article is based on a qualitative study exploring reasons for ill-being and well-being among twenty participants in a Norwegian activation programme. The Qualification Programme aims to enhance participants' overall life situations and employability by offering work training to long-term social assistance recipients, among other things. As an analytic framework for discussing ill-being and well-being, this article employs Amartya Sen's capability approach, which assesses the individual's ability to live a good life, and Martha Nussbaum's conceptualisation of that approach. The findings indicate that hardship was demonstrated in the respondents' lives: participants could not cope financially and suffered from mental and physical health problems, while shame worsened their circumstances. However, participants also showed signs of enhanced well-being as they experienced increased individual agency. The study indicated a disparity between the intended and the actual direction of change in the lives of programme participants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Post-bureaucratic encounters: Affective labour in public employment services (2017)
Zitatform
Penz, Otto, Birgit Sauer, Myriam Gaitsch, Johanna Hofbauer & Barbara Glinsner (2017): Post-bureaucratic encounters: Affective labour in public employment services. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 540-561. DOI:10.1177/0261018316681286
Abstract
"This article explores the activation regime in three European countries - Austria, Germany, and Switzerland - and the related transformation of state bureaucracies into customer-oriented service providers. In the case of employment services affective labour tends to characterise the work process, in which public employees seek to guide, motivate, and control jobseekers. Our study focuses on organisational mechanisms, which govern the affect management of employment agents; we ask, how these actors are affectively subjectivated at the workplace and how they develop affective self-technologies to effectively govern jobseekers in counselling sessions. We conclude that state power and social policies increasingly revolve around subtle, affective means of governance, and we regard 'affective entrepreneurialism' as the dominant mode to govern public employees as well as citizens. The findings of the study are based on ethnographic fieldwork in three cities, where we conducted interviews, examined training materials, and observed and videotaped interactions at selected employment agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Konzepte und Reformen zur Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung: Einsparungsvarianten und Anreizmodelle zur Diskussion (2017)
Stelzer-Orthofer, Christine; Woltran, Iris;Zitatform
Stelzer-Orthofer, Christine & Iris Woltran (2017): Konzepte und Reformen zur Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung. Einsparungsvarianten und Anreizmodelle zur Diskussion. In: Wiso. Wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Zeitschrift des ISW, Jg. 40, H. 1, S. 31-44.
Abstract
"Die Debatte um Verlängerung der Vereinbarung zur Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung wurde im Laufe des letzten Jahres medial recht präsent geführt. Die verhärteten Standpunkte der Regierungsparteien SPÖ und ÖVP zu dem Thema sowie einige Alleingänge mancher Bundesländer haben die Verlängerung der Vereinbarung in Richtung Harmonisierung unmöglich gemacht. Dieser Beitrag zeichnet ein aktuelles Bild der unterschiedlichen Regelungen zur Mindestsicherung und diskutiert verschiedene Anreizmodelle und Einsparungsvarianten." (Autorenreferat, © ISW-Linz)
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Literaturhinweis
Youth-oriented Active Labour Market Policies: Explaining Policy Effort in the Nordic and the Baltic States (2017)
Zitatform
Tosun, Jale, Marge Unt & Eskil Wadensjö (2017): Youth-oriented Active Labour Market Policies. Explaining Policy Effort in the Nordic and the Baltic States. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 598-616. DOI:10.1111/spol.12315
Abstract
"The starting point of this study is the seemingly striking similarity in the number of youth-oriented labour market policies adopted by the Nordic and the Baltic EU member states in 2013 - 14 despite markedly different welfare regimes. The similarities remain when concentrating on active labour market policies (ALMPs) and extending the observation period to 2007 - 15, but the application of a more refined coding scheme suggests that there are also notable cross-country differences. Estonia, Finland and Sweden are found to exhibit a relatively similar approach to youth-oriented ALMPs, while Denmark, Latvia and Lithuania are more distinct cases. The similarities in the policy effort can be explained by similar problem pressure, EU-guided policy learning and the provision of EU funding. Lastly, the policy approaches of the Nordic states indicate a path-dependency. Thus, while the youth-oriented policy effort may appear to be quite similar, important differences remain." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment protection legislation, labour market dualism, and inequality in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo & Giorgio Cutuli (2016): Employment protection legislation, labour market dualism, and inequality in Europe. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 501-516. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcv058
Abstract
"This article deals with the relation between labour market regulation and the dynamics of overall employment and unemployment in continental Europe. We investigate the impact of the reforms of employment protection systems and activating welfare policies and test the integrative power of marginal labour market deregulation, assessing occupational outcomes of changing workforce exposure to unemployment and fixed-term contracts. Thus, particular attention is paid to the possible effect of 'institutionally driven' labour market segmentation, mirrored by the national discrepancy in employment protections of workers with distinct contractual arrangements and by the ratio of expenses on GDP in active versus passive labour market policies. We use pseudo-panel data based on European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) (1992 - 2008) and apply linear fixed effect (FE) models with lagged independent variables. The deregulation measure -- the insider - outsider differentials -- is based on the OECD employment protection legislation index (EPL 2013). The overall findings indicate a detrimental effect of unbalanced passive and active labour market policies, a negative trend of permanent employment, and a 'honeymoon effect' of partial and targeted deregulation measures whose effectiveness on overall employment, if any, appears to be progressively weakened over time. The responsiveness of employment conditions to marginal EPL variations as well as to previous 'unstable employment situations' is significantly higher in Southern Europe. Temporary employment, if compared with unemployment, may still play a role in reducing individual subsequent unemployment risks, but its 'integrative effect' is hardly confirmed if we view fixed-term contracts as a stepping stone towards stable insertion into the primary labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wage subsidy programs: a primer (2016)
Borland, Jeff;Zitatform
Borland, Jeff (2016): Wage subsidy programs. A primer. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 19, H. 3, S. 131-145.
Abstract
"This article provides an introduction to wage subsidy programs for jobseekers facing barriers to employment. First, the features of a wage subsidy program are described, and a brief history of this type of program in Australia is presented. Second, Australian and international evidence on the impact of wage subsidy programs is reviewed. Third, the main aspects of the design of wage subsidy programs are considered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active labor market policies (2016)
Zitatform
Crépon, Bruno & Gerard J. van den Berg (2016): Active labor market policies. (IZA discussion paper 10321), Bonn, 45 S.
Abstract
"Active labor market policies are massively used with the objective being to improve labor market outcomes of individuals out of work. Many observational evaluation studies have been published. In this review, we critically assess policy effectiveness. We emphasize insights from recent randomized controlled trials. In addition, we examine policy effects that have not been the primary object of most of the past evaluations, such as anticipatory effects of advance knowledge of future treatments and equilibrium effects, and we discuss the actual implementation of policies. We discuss the importance of heterogeneity of programs and effects and examine the extent to which potential participants are interested in enrollment. We also discuss the assessment of costs and benefits of programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sozialpolitik im internationalen Vergleich (2016)
Zitatform
Dallinger, Ursula (2016): Sozialpolitik im internationalen Vergleich. (UTB 4564), Konstanz: UVK Medien Verlagsges., 216 S.
Abstract
"Sozialstaaten sind auf die Angleichung der Lebensverhältnisse und den Schutz der Bürger ('soziale Sicherung') ausgerichtet. Die Autorin gibt einen kompakten Überblick über die Sozialpolitikanalyse. Studierende werden mit den wesentlichen Theorien bzw. Konzepten und institutionellen Variationen des Sozialstaats vertraut gemacht. Der deutsche Sozialstaat steht dabei im Mittelpunkt und wird in den internationalen Kontext eingeordnet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Supporting disadvantaged young people into work: insights from the capability approach (2016)
Zitatform
Egdell, Valerie & Ronald McQuaid (2016): Supporting disadvantaged young people into work. Insights from the capability approach. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1111/spol.12108
Abstract
"The Capability Approach (CA) offers a perspective on the employment activation of young people that is concerned with their freedom to make choices that they value rather than focusing solely on outcomes, such as having to take any job. It incorporates empowerment and the individual and external conversion factors that influence the conversion of resources into functionings for young people, such as getting a job that they value. This article considers the implications of using the CA as a lens for analyzing youth activation polices. A more capability informed approach to employment activation would not measure success solely by the transition into work, but rather by whether it has improved the young person's capabilities, and might focus, for example, on more sustainable and valued careers and develop individuals' freedom of choice in the labour market. Using data from two UK case studies of third sector organizations that support young people into work, it explores these issues empirically, including the extent to which these employment activation programmes, in their current form, can enhance the capabilities of beneficiaries. Conclusions on the implications of a CA for employment activation are made." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market reforms in Europe: towards more flexicure labor markets? (2016)
Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Paul Marx & Caroline Wehner (2016): Labor market reforms in Europe. Towards more flexicure labor markets? (IZA discussion paper 9863), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"Labor market segmentation refers to a salient divide between secure and insecure jobs and is related to problems in important areas, including macro-economic efficiency, workers' wellbeing and repercussions for social cohesion. European countries have started a new wave of labor market reforms in the aftermath of the 2008/09 crisis to tackle a number of issues, including labor market segmentation. This particularly concerns reforms in: (1) employment protection, i.e. dismissal protection and restrictions on fixed-term contracts; (2) unemployment benefit generosity and coverage; and (3) the intensity of active labor market policies. The paper provides an overview of reform patterns and tries to assess whether and to what extent these reforms have led to more or less dualized labor markets in terms of dismissal protection, the provision of unemployment benefits and access to ALMPs. In particular, we will provide some evidence on potential changes in hirings on temporary contracts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond individualisation: the German 'activation toolbox' (2016)
Zitatform
Eversberg, Dennis (2016): Beyond individualisation: the German 'activation toolbox'. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 167-186. DOI:10.1177/0261018315620868
Abstract
"This article discusses recent debates on 'activating' labour market policies in light of German reforms since 2003. Beckian and Giddensian theories of modernity, political economy, and the governmentality school all argue within a common paradigm of individualisation, assuming the 'responsibilised' and isolated individual to be the focal point of activation policies. This paradigm is questioned, as the exclusive focus on the individual obscures something else, namely that 'activation' policies can also be seen as contributing to a dynamic of dividualisation, i.e. of making the subject of labour power fundamentally divisible. It is demonstrated that in the recent German reforms, dividualisation provides an organising logic pervading the instruments of activating labour market policies and the ways in which they are articulated in a policy programme. It is concluded that dividualisation, particularly evident in the German case, may provide a useful frame for analysing labour market reforms in other advanced capitalist economies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
German labor market and fiscal reforms 1999 to 2008: can they be blamed for intra-euro area imbalances? (2016)
Zitatform
Gadatsch, Niklas, Nikolai Stähler & Benjamin Weigert (2016): German labor market and fiscal reforms 1999 to 2008. Can they be blamed for intra-euro area imbalances? In: Journal of macroeconomics, Jg. 50, H. December, S. 307-324. DOI:10.1016/j.jmacro.2016.11.002
Abstract
"In this paper, we assess the impact of major German structural reforms from 1999 to 2008 on key macroeconomic variables. These reforms, especially the Hartz labor market reforms, are considered by many to be the root of observed imbalances in the Euro Area. Our simulations within a two-country monetary union DSGE model show that, in terms of German GDP, consumption, investment and (un)employment, the reforms had clearly favorable effects, though the impact on the German current account was only minor. Also, the rest of the Euro Area benefited from positive spillover effects. Hence, our analysis suggests that the reforms cannot be held responsible for the macroeconomic imbalances currently visible in the Euro Area." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Between activation and supporting women: alternative operation of welfare-to-work programmes (2016)
Zitatform
Herbst, Anat & Orly Benjamin (2016): Between activation and supporting women. Alternative operation of welfare-to-work programmes. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 50, H. 5, S. 501-519. DOI:10.1111/spol.12112
Abstract
"With the emergence of activation policies, researchers are intrigued by the extent to which welfare-to-work (WTW) programmes reflect the ideological orientation of policymakers, while leaving the ideological orientation of their operators unexamined. This aspect may be of particular importance when women's non-governmental organizations operate non-coercive WTW programmes. Directing attention to the contribution of the operator, we ask how women who operate these programmes distinguish between the feminist goal of increasing women's independent access to material resources, and the activation rhetoric of 'work first'.
Moreover, as not enough is known about how participants benefit from the incongruence between the feminist discourse and the activation one, scholarship contemplating women's resistance to WTW programmes remains focused on specific welfare histories, and this form of feminist work remains neglected.
The importance of the specific operators and the policy implications of the benefits of feminist operation of WTW programmes receive attention in the study reported on herein. We used a non-coercive activation programme operated by a feminist organization in Israel (among other operators) as an opportunity to deepen our understanding of how programme trainers voice their position between feminism and activation discourse, and how their form of speech enables participants to insist on decent employment as a policy issue. Implications for policy are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Is there a rationale to contact the unemployed right from the start?: evidence from a natural field experiment (2016)
Zitatform
Landeghem, Bert van, Frank Cörvers & Andries de Grip (2016): Is there a rationale to contact the unemployed right from the start? Evidence from a natural field experiment. (IZA discussion paper 9627), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"Active Labour Market Policies often exclusively target towards the long-term unemployed. Although it might be more efficient to intervene earlier in order to prevent long-term unemployment rather than to cure it, the climate of austerity in Eurozone countries is spreading a tendency to further reduce the basic counselling for those who become unemployed. This study investigates the impact on employment chances of a relatively light and inexpensive programme that is offered right after the start of the unemployment spell. It comprises of a collective information session followed by a short one-on-one interview. In a field experiment carried out with an employment office in Flanders, a random selection of clients (the treatment group) were invited to the programme within one month after being enrolled as unemployed, while the control group were scheduled to have the information session five months after becoming unemployed. We find a substantial intention- to-treat effect in the first four months after the start of the unemployment spell, and the early intervention seems especially beneficial for those with low education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Leaving poverty behind?: the effects of generous income support paired with activation (2016)
Zitatform
Markussen, Simen & Knut Røed (2016): Leaving poverty behind? The effects of generous income support paired with activation. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 8, H. 1, S. 180-211. DOI:10.1257/pol.20140334
Abstract
"We evaluate a comprehensive activation program in Norway targeted at hard-to-employ social assistance claimants with reduced work capacity. The program offers a combination of tailored rehabilitation, training, and job practice, and a generous, stable, and non-means-tested benefit. Its primary aims are to mitigate poverty and subsequently promote self-supporting employment. Our evaluation strategy exploits a geographically staggered program introduction, and the causal effects are identified on the basis of changes in employment prospects that coincide with local program implementation in a way that correlates with the predicted probability of becoming a participant. We find that the program raised employment prospects considerably." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low road or high road? The post-crisis trajectory of Irish activation (2016)
Murphy, Mary P.;Zitatform
Murphy, Mary P. (2016): Low road or high road? The post-crisis trajectory of Irish activation. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 36, H. 3, S. 432-452. DOI:10.1177/0261018315626841
Abstract
"Comparatively slow in adopting any clear activation strategy, post-crisis Ireland crossed the Rubicon and rapidly took steps to implement a work-first labour activation strategy. The article maps and examines the interaction of three variables - ideational influences, political interests and institutional processes - to assess the nature of post-crisis Irish activation policy. Troika imposition of aid conditionality, the ideational role of the OECD and domestic elites worked to shift the focus of Irish activation policy and its implementation. Post-crisis Irish activation is less influenced by social democratic versions of high-road activation than neo-liberal managerial stock management and conservative behavioural controls. These converge into a low-road model of activation. There is some demand for, but little articulation of, an alternative policy that could be centred around less conditionality and more focus on demand-side issues including low pay, quality work, distribution of employment and removal of barriers to employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Work enforcement in liberal democracies (2016)
Raffass, Tania;Zitatform
Raffass, Tania (2016): Work enforcement in liberal democracies. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 417-434. DOI:10.1017/S0047279415000768
Abstract
"The paper aims to contribute to the normative debate concerning work enforcement in liberal democracies. In the late 1980s, OECD countries began to revert to the pre-welfare-state tradition of attributing unemployment to personal failure. The new welfare-to-work policies emphasised individual responsibility for securing employment. Stepping up job search requirements and sanctions for failure to meet them was presented as a public intervention that helps unemployed individuals return from dependency to autonomy. Jobseekers have been made to believe that success in obtaining employment depends on how doggedly they search for work and how adaptable they become to employer needs. These presumptions are challenged in the paper. Contracts that jobseekers are forced to sign with providers of employment services curtail their autonomy not only to the extent that they cannot avoid unproductive activity tests imposed on them, but also from a lifetime perspective in cases where they are forced into inferior jobs. In job-short economies, employers are also certain to discriminate against disadvantaged jobseekers notwithstanding the intensity of their effort or openness to occupational change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does activating sick-listed workers work?: evidence from a randomized experiment (2016)
Zitatform
Rehwald, Kai, Michael Rosholm & Bénédicte Rouland (2016): Does activating sick-listed workers work? Evidence from a randomized experiment. (IZA discussion paper 9771), Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"Using data from a large-scale randomized controlled trial conducted in Danish job centers, this paper investigates the effects of an intensification of mandatory return-to-work activities on the subsequent labor market outcomes for sick-listed workers. Using variations in local treatment strategies, both between job centers and between randomly assigned treatment and control groups within a given job center, we compare the relative effectiveness of alternative interventions. Our results show that the use of partial sick leave increases the length of time spent in regular employment and non-reliance on benefits, and also reduces the time spent in unemployment. Traditional active labor market programs and the use of paramedical care appear to have no effect at all, or even an adverse effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neoliberal paternalism and paradoxical subjects: confusion and contradiction in UK activation policy (2016)
Zitatform
Whitworth, Adam (2016): Neoliberal paternalism and paradoxical subjects. Confusion and contradiction in UK activation policy. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 36, H. 3, S. 412-431. DOI:10.1177/0261018315624442
Abstract
"The twin thrusts of neoliberal paternalism have in recent decades become fused elements of diverse reform agendas across the advanced economies, yet neoliberalism and paternalism present radically divergent and even contradictory views of the subject across the four key spaces of ontology, teleology, deontology and ascetics. These internal fractures in the conceptual and resulting policy framework of neoliberal paternalism present considerable risks around unintended policy mismatch across these four spaces or, alternatively, offer significant flexibility for deliberate mismatch and 'storying' by policy makers. This article traces these tensions in the context of the UK Coalition government's approach to the unemployed and outlines a current policy approach to employment activation that is filled with ambiguity, inconsistency and contradiction in its understanding of the subject, the 'problem' and the policy 'solution'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job placement agencies in an agent-based model of the local labor market with the long-term unemployed and on-the-job flows (2016)
Zitatform
Wozniak, Marcin (2016): Job placement agencies in an agent-based model of the local labor market with the long-term unemployed and on-the-job flows. (Economics. Discussion papers 2016-24), Kiel, 32 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, an agent-based search model of the labor market with heterogeneous agents and an on-the-job search is developed, i.e. the long-term unemployed and other job seekers compete for vacancies which differ in skills demands and in the sector of the economy. Job placement agencies help both types of unemployed persons find the proper vacant job by improving their search effectiveness and by sharing leveraged job advertisements. The agents' interactions take place in an artificial world drawn from labor market search theory. Six global model parameters were calibrated with the Latin hypercube sampling technique for one of the largest urban areas in Poland. To investigate the impact of parameters on model output, two global sensitivity analysis methods were used, i.e. Morris screening and Sobol indices. The results show that both programs considerably influence unemployment and long-term unemployment ratios as well as the level of wages, duration of unemployment, skills demand and worker turnover. Moreover, strong cross-effects were detected: programs aimed at one group of job seekers affect other job seekers and the whole economy. This impact is sometimes positive and sometimes it is negative." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Conceptualising the active welfare subject: welfare reform in discourse, policy and lived experience (2016)
Wright, Sharo;Zitatform
Wright, Sharo (2016): Conceptualising the active welfare subject: welfare reform in discourse, policy and lived experience. In: Policy & Politics, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 235-252. DOI:10.1332/030557314x13904856745154
Abstract
"The idea of the active welfare subject has become irresistible to both policy makers and academics and has taken a lead role in the transformation of twenty-first century social security systems. Two distinguishable approaches have emerged – the dominant model and a counter model. The dominant model emphasizes moralised individual responsibility for ‘wrong choices’ and mandates behavioral change to become active. The counter model situates benefit recipients in the present as disempowered creative, reflexive and resourceful beings. This article develops conceptualisations by comparing benefit recipients ’ accounts (from an exploratory qualitative study) of lived experience with both models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Policy Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stakeholder participation and policy integration in local social and employment policies: Germany and Italy compared (2015)
Zitatform
Aurich-Beerheide, Patrizia, Serida L. Catalano, Paolo R. Graziano & Katharina Zimmermann (2015): Stakeholder participation and policy integration in local social and employment policies. Germany and Italy compared. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 25, H. 4, S. 379-392. DOI:10.1177/0958928715594543
Abstract
"The majority of the European countries experienced a turn towards activation policies during the last decades. The aim of increasing employment rates of groups formerly excluded from the labour market has required closer links with training, family or social policies with employment policy. As a result of this, we can observe modifications also in regard to policy governance, particularly emphasizing the role of the local level in implementing integrated activation policies. This article aims at testing the hypothesis of whether higher levels of stakeholder participation in the policy process lead to greater policy integration. In an explorative manner, the research hypothesis will be tested with reference to two very different cases of local activation policy. Driving factors for the differential impact of participation on policy integration will be identified through the analysis of two in-depth case studies. A qualitative process-tracing method is used in order to conduct our analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Identification of latest trends and current developments in methods to profile jobseekers in European Public Employment Services: final report (2015)
Zitatform
Barnes, Sally-Anne, Sally Wright, Pat Irving & Isabelle Deganis (2015): Identification of latest trends and current developments in methods to profile jobseekers in European Public Employment Services. Final report. Brüssel, 104 S.
Abstract
"This small-scale study to identify the latest trends and current developments in methods to profile jobseekers in European Public Employment Services (PES4) was undertaken by the Institute for Employment Research (IER) at the University of Warwick and ICF International. This small-scale study was commissioned via the service contract to deliver the European Employment Policy Observatory (VT/2012/005). This small scale study comprised three elements: a literature review; case studies of six Member States and two international comparators; and a workshop with key stakeholders, profiling subject experts and representatives for Member State PES to explore findings from the literature review and case studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and training programs (2015)
Zitatform
Barnow, Burt S. & Jeffrey Smith (2015): Employment and training programs. (NBER working paper 21659), Cambrige, Mass., 154 S. DOI:10.3386/w21659
Abstract
"This chapter considers means-tested employment and training programs in the United States. We focus in particular on large, means-tested federal programs, including the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), its successor the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), that program's recent replacement, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the long-running Job Corps program, and the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The first part of the chapter provides details on program history, organization, expenditures, eligibility rules, services, and participant characteristics. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss the applied econometric methods typically used to evaluate these programs, which in the United States means primarily social experiments and methods such as matching that rely on an assumption of 'selection on observed variables.' The third part of the chapter reviews the literature evaluating these programs, highlighting both methodological and substantive lessons learned as well as open questions. The fourth part of the chapter considers what lessons the evaluation literature provides on program operation, especially how to best allocate particular services to particular participants. The final section concludes with the big picture lessons from this literature and discussion of promising directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Perceived employability in difficult economic times: the significance of education systems and labour market policies (2015)
Zitatform
Berglund, Tomas & Ylva Wallinder (2015): Perceived employability in difficult economic times. The significance of education systems and labour market policies. In: European Societies, Jg. 17, H. 5, S. 674-699. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2015.1120879
Abstract
"This paper focuses on current European employment policy, promoting the individual's responsibility for remaining employable. Within this supply-oriented framework, general political responsibilities of both increasing the demand for labour and facilitating the development of human capital through training and education opportunities are less emphasized than the individual's own responsibility to remain attractive for employers. In an analysis of perceived opportunities among European employees, we argue that the concept of 'employment security' can lift the individualized perspective on employability skills and attributes to a more structural and institutional perspective. To enhance individuals' chances of finding a job, educational and lifelong learning policies and active labour market measures are believed to be important factors, besides general demand in the labour market. Through multi-level modelling, we analyse the significance of individual and contextual factors on employees' perception of their chances in the labour market. The data used are from the European Social Survey (2010), including data from 21 countries. Our results indicate that employability cannot solely be regarded as an individual phenomenon relying on individual characteristics. We also need to focus on the institutional context enabling the individual to remain in employment in the existing mobile and risky labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evaluating What Works for Whom in Active Labour Market Policies (2015)
Zitatform
Bredgaard, Thomas (2015): Evaluating What Works for Whom in Active Labour Market Policies. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 436-452. DOI:10.1177/138826271501700403
Abstract
"In order to make informed and legitimate decisions in labour market policies, European and national policy makers need better knowledge of what type of interventions works for whom. The European Commission and many Member States have high hopes that 'experimental evaluation' techniques (such as randomised controlled experiments, systematic meta-analysis and econometric outcome evaluations) will deliver solid and clear evidence to inform the development of more rational decision-making processes. This article reviews the evaluation literature on Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP) and examines what works for whom, under what circumstances. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the current drive towards 'experimental evaluation' and proposes an integrated framework for ALMP evaluation that combines 'experimental evaluation' with 'programme theory evaluations' and quantitative with qualitative data collection." (Author's abstract, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Street-level organizations and the "real world" of workfare: lessons from the US (2015)
Brodkin, Evelyn Z.;Zitatform
Brodkin, Evelyn Z. (2015): Street-level organizations and the "real world" of workfare. Lessons from the US. In: Social work & society, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 1-16.
Abstract
"By the end of the 20th C., workfare and labor market activation policies had become increasingly common around the globe. These developments provoked debate over whether these policies were advancing a project of commodification (Esping-Andersen 1990) by marketizing citizenship or a project of inclusion by bringing marginalized groups into the economy and society or whether they were advancing inclusion by supporting labor market participation. Assessment of this developments is complicated, in part, by the bewildering array of policy labels under which they have occurred, among them welfare-to-work, labor market activation, jobseekers' allowance, Hartz reforms, and revenu minimum d'insertion. Yet, the many variants of workfare and activation tend to draw on a common assortment of features, among them, potentially enabling provisions for training and work. The shift toward conditionality in benefits is part of a broad trend that, in some countries, has eroded or even replaced rights-based benefits that were previously conditioned primarily on need, legal right (e.g., compensation to unemployed workers), or family status (e.g, welfare benefits for families with children)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Responses from the frontline: How organisations and street-level bureaucrats deal with economic sanctions (2015)
Zitatform
Caswell, Dorte & Matilde Høybye-Mortensen (2015): Responses from the frontline. How organisations and street-level bureaucrats deal with economic sanctions. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 31-51. DOI:10.1177/138826271501700102
Abstract
"Economic sanctions have gained more political legitimacy and are being more widely used as a tool to improve the willingness of unemployed welfare recipients to participate in activities within the framework of active labour market policy (ALMP). The focus of this article is the use of economic sanctions on cash benefit recipients in Denmark, Quantitative analyses show a substantial increase in the use of economic sanctions in Denmark, including sanctions on those who are categorised as having problems in addition to unemployment. In this article we will direct our attention to responses from both the organisational and individual level regarding the implementation of sanctions. Empirical material consists of interviews with managers and frontline social workers in municipalities with a high number of sanctions. We argue that organisations matter in shaping street-level behaviour, resulting in substantial differences in the use of sanctions from one municipality to another." (Author's abstract, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Contracting-out welfare services: comparing national policy designs for unemployment assistance (2015)
Considine, Mark; Graziano, Paolo R.; Knuth, Matthias ; Fuertes, Vanesa ; Zimmermann, Katharina ; Whitworth, Adam ; Aurich, Patrizia; Taylor, Rebecca ; Berkel, Rik van ; Nguyen, Phuc ; O'Sullivan, Siobhan; Rees, James ; Carter, Elle; Shutes, Isabel ; Benish, Avishai ; Struyven, Ludo ;Zitatform
Considine, Mark & Siobhan O'Sullivan (2015): Contracting-out welfare services. Comparing national policy designs for unemployment assistance. (Broadening Perspectives on social policy), Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 173 S.
Abstract
Contracting-out Welfare Services focuses on the design and overhaul of welfare-to-work systems around the world in the light of the radical re-design of the welfare system; internationally based authors utilise a national/program case study, considering employment services policy and activation practices.
Content:
Mark Considine; Siobhan O'Sullivan: Introduction: Contracting out welfare services: comparing national policy designs for unemployment assistance (1-9);
Katharina Zimmermann, Patrizia Aurich, Paolo R. Graziano, Vanesa Fuertes: Local worlds of marketization - employment policies in Germany, Italy and the UK compared (11-32);
Ludo Struyven: Varieties of market competition in public employment services - a comparison of the emergence and evolution of the new system in Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium (33-53);
Mark Considine, Siobhan O'Sullivan, Phuc Nguyen: Governance, Boards of directors and the impact of contracting on not-for-profits organizations - an Australian study (55-74);
Rik van Berkel: Quasi-markets and the delivery of activation - a frontline perspective (75-90);
Isabel Shutes, Rebecca Taylor: Conditionality and the financing of employment services - implications for the social divisions of work and welfare (91-108);
James Rees, Adam Whitworth, Elle Carter: Support for all in the UK work programme? Differential payments, same old problem (109-128);
Matthias Knuth: Broken hierarchies, quasi-markets and supported networks - a governance experiment in the second tier of Germany's Public employment service (129-150);
Avishai Benish: The public accountability of privatized activation - the case of Israel (151-166).