Zitatform

Ayllón, Sara & Xavier Ramos (2019): Youth earnings and labour market volatility in Europe. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 158, H. 1, S. 83-113. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12069

Abstract

"We provide new evidence on earnings volatility and labour market volatility, which also includes flows into and out of employment, of young workers across Europe during the Great Recession, and examine the institutional factors that may shape these flows. Using EU-SILC data, we document large disparities in volatility levels and trends across European countries. As expected, the Great Recession increased volatility among Europe's youth, offsetting the falling trend observed over the last years of economic prosperity. Larger unemployment benefits and more stringent employment protection legislation are related to lower earnings and labour market volatility." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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García-Pérez, J. Ignacio, Ioana Marinescu & Judit Vall Castello (2019): Can fixed-term contracts put low skilled youth on a better career path? Evidence from Spain. In: The economic journal, Jg. 129, H. 620, S. 1693-1730. DOI:10.1111/ecoj.12621

Abstract

"By reducing the commitment made by employers, fixed-term contracts can help low-skilled youth find a first job. However, the long-term impact of fixed-term contracts on these workers' careers may be negative. Using Spanish social security data, we analysed the impact of a large liberalisation in the regulation of fixed-term contracts in 1984. Using a cohort regression discontinuity design, we find that over the first 10 years in the labour market, the reform reduced the number of days worked (by 4.9%) and earnings (by 9.8%). Over 27 years of labour market career, yearly earnings losses amount to a persistent 7.3%." (Author's abstract) ((en))

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Gaspani, Fabio (2019): Young adults NEET and everyday life. Time management and temporal subjectivities. In: Young. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 69-88. DOI:10.1177/1103308818761424

Abstract

"The article investigates the everyday realities of young adults who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) in Italy and focuses on both time management and temporal subjectivities. In reference to the first point, the analysis of individuals' typical days reveals different temporal organization strategies and the activities they consider important to structure their time. As for the study of temporal subjectivities, the article deals with the representations and control on everyday time, which are determined not only by the amount of time spent for specific activities but also by how such activities are performed, taking into account the interactions with others and the contexts. The study of NEET experiences allow a reflection both in reference to youth difficulties in managing time and their agency in an age of uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Klier, Julia, Mathias Klier, Lea Thiel & Ritu Agarwal (2019): Power of Mobile Peer Groups: A Design-Oriented Approach to Address Youth Unemployment. In: Journal of Management Information Systems, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 158-193. DOI:10.1080/07421222.2018.1550557

Abstract

"To investigate the societal value of digital peer groups in the context of youth unemployment, one of society’s most pressing problems, we developed a novel mobile peer-group-based career counseling approach. Following a design-oriented methodology, we constructed an intervention in which we supplement offline one-on-one counseling sessions between youths and career counselors with mobile peer groups where youths can support one another in a trusting environment, independent of time and place. We evaluated the career counseling intervention, implemented on a WhatsApp platform, in a randomized field experiment conducted at the German Federal Employment Agency. Results suggest that the mobile peer-group-based career counseling approach offers substantial added value compared with traditional career counseling. It significantly increases a youth’s chances of finding employment while improving his or her attitude towards career choice, career maturity, and career search intensity. Our study contributes to literature on the societal impacts of information and communication technologies and to research in design science. The proposed mobile intervention has important policy implications for addressing youth unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Umkehrer, Matthias (2019): The impact of declining youth employment stability on future wages. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 619-650., 2017-11-08. DOI:10.1007/s00181-018-1444-5

Abstract

"Has the early career become less stable during the 1980s and 1990s? And does a lack of early-career employment stability inhibit wage growth? I analyze exceptionally rich administrative data on male graduates from Germany's dual education system to shed more light on these important questions. The data indicate a decline in youth employment durations since the late 1970s, limited to already relatively short durations. Controlling for endogeneity of employment in youth with training firm fixed effects and by exploiting institutional variation in the timing of nationwide macroeconomic shocks, I find significant returns to early-career employment stability in terms of higher wages in adulthood. These returns decline not only across the wage distribution, but also with cohort age. The findings suggest less stable employment in the early years of a career to have become increasingly costly during the 1990s for the least advantaged workers." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Caroleo, Floro Ernesto, Olga Demidova, Enrico Marelli & Marcello Signorelli (Hrsg.) (2018): Young people and the labour market. A comparative perspective. (Routledge Studies in labour economics), Abingdon: Routledge, 266 S.

Abstract

"Young people are a vulnerable category of workers, finding themselves in a delicate phase of their working life: their first entry into the labour market. In many European countries, youngsters are unemployed or have difficulty finding and obtaining jobs. This situation has deteriorated particularly after the crises, recessions and stagnation that has impacted European economies in recent years. In addition to the cyclical or crisis impact, structural factors are also very important. Additionally, prolonged crises, as in some Eurozone countries, have transformed a significant part of cyclical unemployment in structural (long term) unemployment.
Young People and the Labour Market: A Comparative Perspective explores the condition of young people in the labour market. The authors present new evidence from several countries, with a special focus on Europe, and offer a comparative perspective. They investigate questions such as which structural conditions and labour market institutions guarantee better youth performance, which education systems and school-to-work processes are more effective and in which countries is gender differentiation less of an issue. All of the aforementioned, as well as many other comparisons which the authors make, are significant in helping to facilitate the successful design of labour and education policies." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schropp, Helen (2018): Glücksförderung lohnt sich! Wer benachteiligten Jugendlichen den Weg ins Erwerbsleben erleichtern will, muss positive Impulse setzen. In: IAB-Forum H. 02.02.2018, o. Sz.

Abstract

"Junge Menschen, denen der Übergang von der Schule in Ausbildung oder Arbeit misslingt, weisen nicht selten verhaltensbezogene, emotionale und kognitive Probleme auf. Fördermaßnahmen, die individuelle Potenziale stärken, können in diesen Fällen wertvolle Impulse für eine positive Entwicklung geben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf, Robin Samuel & Stefan Sacchi (2018): How unemployment scarring affects skilled young workers. Evidence from a factorial survey of Swiss recruiters. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 52, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1186/s12651-018-0239-7

Abstract

"We ask how employers contribute to unemployment scarring in the recruitment process in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. By drawing on recruitment theories, we aim to better understand how recruiters assess different patterns of unemployment in a job candidate's CV and how this affects the chances of young applicants being considered for a vacancy. We argue that in contexts with tight school-work linkage and highly standardised Vocational Education and Training systems, the detrimental effect of early unemployment depends on how well the applicant's profile matches the requirements of the advertised position. To test this assumption, we surveyed Swiss recruiters who were seeking to fill positions during the time of data collection. We employed a factorial survey experiment that tested how the (un)employment trajectories in hypothetical young job applicants' CV affected their chances of being considered for a real vacancy. Our results show that unemployment decreases the perceived suitability of an applicant for a specific job, which implies there is a scarring effect of unemployment that increases with the duration of being unemployed. But we also found that these effects are moderated by how well the applicant's profile matches the job's requirements. Overall, the worse the match between applicant's profile and the job profile, the smaller are the scarring effects of unemployment. In sum, our findings contribute to the literature by revealing considerable heterogeneity in the scarring effects of unemployment. Our findings further suggest that the scarring effects of unemployment need to be studied with regard to country-specific institutional settings, the applicants' previous education and employment experiences, and the job characteristics." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Sommer, Jörn, Frank Oschmiansky, Sandra Popp, Yukako Karato & Karin Kowalczyk (2018): Evaluation des Bundesprogramms RESPEKT. Abschlussbericht. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 518), Berlin, 111 S.

Abstract

"Seit vielen Jahren wird im Fachdiskurs die Herausforderung betont, dass keine jungen Menschen in Deutschland verloren gehen und durch die Maschen des Sozialleistungssystems fallen dürfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund fördert das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) seit dem Jahr 2015 das Bundesprogramm RESPEKT. In diesem Rahmen wurden bundesweit 18 Projekte (ab 2018: 17 Projekte) gefördert. Zielsetzung ist junge Menschen, die individuelle Schwierigkeiten haben eine Qualifikation zu erreichen oder ins Arbeitsleben einzumünden und von den bestehenden Sozialleistungsangeboten nicht erreicht werden oder diese nicht annehmen, an Bildungsprozesse, Maßnahmen der Arbeitsförderung, Ausbildung oder Arbeit heranzuführen.
Die Evaluation des Bundesprogramms wurde von der INTERVAL GmbH in Kooperation mit dem ZEP - Zentrum für Evaluation und Politikberatung zwischen Ende 2016 und Juni 2018 durchgeführt. Dabei wurden untersucht:
- die Bedarfslagen und Merkmale der Zielgruppe, speziell auch die Gründe, aus denen sie nicht von den Sozialleistungen erreicht werden;
- die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung des Hilfsangebots der geförderten Projekte, inkl. der Fragen zum Zugang zur Zielgruppe und zur Gestaltung der Kooperationen und Leistungen dritter Akteure zur Unterstützung der Teilnehmenden sowie
- die Erreichung der Zielsetzungen des Programms.
Auf Basis der Ergebnisse wurden Hinweise zur Gestaltung des § 16h SGB II ('Förderung schwer zu erreichender junger Menschen') geliefert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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(2018): Investing in youth: Norway. (Investing in youth), Paris, 149 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264283671-en

Abstract

"The present report on Norway is part of the series on 'Investing in Youth' which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the 'NEETs'). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Since its launch in 2013, the Youth Guarantee has supported millions of young people across the European Union to find a job, a traineeship, an apprenticeship or to continue in education. Yet despite this, too many young Europeans are still without work. Across the EU, more effort is needed so that all young people can benefit from quality offers under the Youth Guarantee.
This report is one in a series of five reports on Youth Guarantee delivery, presenting existing practices from the ground from the first five years of its implementation. It looks at measures to better reach out to young people who are Not in Education, Employment or Training, and to encourage them to register for Youth Guarantee schemes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Achatz, Juliane, Brigitte Schels & Joachim Wolff (2017): Wie wirken Zusatzjobs und Trainingsmaßnahmen auf die Arbeitsmarktchancen von jungen Erwachsenen in unterschiedlichen familiären Situationen? In: Zeitschrift für Evaluation, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 37-69., 2016-05-24.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag untersucht erstmals die Wirkungen von arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen für junge Arbeitslose unter Berücksichtigung ihrer familiären Gegebenheiten. Überschneiden sich im jungen Erwachsenenalter Übergänge ins Erwerbsleben mit Partnerschaft und Familiengründung, so müssen arbeitslose Frauen und Männer familiäre Anforderungen mit der Arbeitssuche, Maßnahmenteilnahme oder mit einer Erwerbstätigkeit in Einklang bringen. Mit administrativen Daten werden mittels Propensity Score Matching die Eingliederungswirkungen von Zusatzjobs und Trainingsmaßnahmen für 18- bis 30-jährige Bezieher(innen) von Arbeitslosengeld II untersucht. Insbesondere junge Mütter profitieren von einer Teilnahme, dabei als einzige Teilgruppe auch von Zusatzjobs. Auf dieser Grundlage werden in der Evaluationsliteratur bislang nicht beachtete Wirkmechanismen von arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen und Ansätze für weiterführende Forschung diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Atzmüller, Roland & Alban Knecht (2017): Die Legitimation von Aktivierung und social investment und die Pathologisierung jugendlicher Subjektivität. Ausbildungspolitik und Beschäftigungsförderung für 'benachteiligte' Jugendliche in der Krise. In: B. Aulenbacher, M. Dammayr, K. Dörre, W. Menz, B. Riegraf & H. Wolf (Hrsg.) (2017): Leistung und Gerechtigkeit : das umstrittene Versprechen des Kapitalismus, S. 118-154.

Abstract

"Jugendliche befinden sich aus Perspektive der wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Apparate qua ihrer Position in den gesellschaftlich institutionalisierten Lebensverläufen im Übergang zum erwachsenen, als voll rationalitätsfähig angenommenen Subjekt. Die auf diesen Lebensabschnitt bezogenen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Aktivitäten versuchen die Herausbildung eines erwachsenen und 'reifen' Subjekts, dessen Handlungen als rational eingeschätzt werden und von dem rationales Verhalten erwartet werden kann, entlang folgender Dimensionen zu organisieren. Einerseits geht es um die (Aus-)Bildung und Erarbeitung von nicht zuletzt beruflich relevanten Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen, die den zukünftigen Erwachsenen befähigen sollen, mit den Anforderungen des Erwerbslebens effektiv und effizient umzugehen. Diese wohlfahrtsstaatlich organisierten Sozialisationsprozesse bleiben aber nicht auf die Ausbildung fachlich-technischer Qualifikationen beschränkt, sondern beziehen sich andererseits auch auf die Entwicklung von Einstellungen, Verhaltensweisen und sogenannten ,Sekundärtugenden', die für die Integration nicht nur in die sozialen Beziehungen der Betriebe, sondern auch in andere gesellschaftliche Bereiche als notwendig erachtet werden. Aus Perspektive wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Institutionen werden diese Entwicklungsanforderungen zu einem Problem, wenn Jugendliche in der Übergangsphase von der Schule in Ausbildung und Erwerbsleben in Schwierigkeiten geraten, sodass es nicht zu einem dauerhaften Eintritt in eine Erwerbsbiografie kommt, da sie keine Lehrstelle erhalten und/oder gefährdet sind, dauerhaft arbeitslos zu werden." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Tymowski, Jan (2017): Youth employment initiative. European implementation assessment. In-depth-analysis. Brüssel, 28 S. DOI:10.2861/310563

Abstract

"This in-depht analysis, produced by the Ex-Post Evaluation Unit of the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), aimst at presenting an overview of the state of implementation of the Youth Employment Initative (YEI), which was established in 2013. It was drafted following the publication of the European Commission's report on the YEI and the Youth Guarantee, and also takes the findings of the Court of Auditors' special reports on the implementation of both instruments into account. The analysis seeks to contribute to the preparation of a non-legislative implementation report by the European Parliament's Commitee on Employment and Social Affairs" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Egdell, Valerie & Ronald McQuaid (2016): Supporting disadvantaged young people into work. Insights from the capability approach. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1111/spol.12108

Abstract

"The Capability Approach (CA) offers a perspective on the employment activation of young people that is concerned with their freedom to make choices that they value rather than focusing solely on outcomes, such as having to take any job. It incorporates empowerment and the individual and external conversion factors that influence the conversion of resources into functionings for young people, such as getting a job that they value. This article considers the implications of using the CA as a lens for analyzing youth activation polices. A more capability informed approach to employment activation would not measure success solely by the transition into work, but rather by whether it has improved the young person's capabilities, and might focus, for example, on more sustainable and valued careers and develop individuals' freedom of choice in the labour market. Using data from two UK case studies of third sector organizations that support young people into work, it explores these issues empirically, including the extent to which these employment activation programmes, in their current form, can enhance the capabilities of beneficiaries. Conclusions on the implications of a CA for employment activation are made." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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García-Pérez, J. Ignacio, Ioana Marinescu & Judit Vall Castello (2016): Can fixed-term contracts put low skilled youth on a better career path? Evidence from Spain. (IZA discussion paper 9777), Bonn, 52 S.

Abstract

"By reducing the commitment made by employers, fixed-term contracts can help low-skilled youth find a first job. However, the long-term impact of fixed-term contracts on these workers' careers may be negative. Using Spanish social security data, we analyze the impact of a large liberalization in the regulation of fixed-term contracts in 1984. Using a cohort regression discontinuity design, we find that the reform raised the likelihood of male high-school dropouts working before age 19 by 9%. However, in the longer run, the reform reduced number of days worked (by 4.5%) and earnings (by 9%)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Riso, Sara (2016): Start-up support for young people in the EU. From implementation to evaluation. Dublin, 76 S. DOI:10.2806/075998

Abstract

"Against a background of high youth unemployment, policymakers are paying more attention to encouraging young people to start their own businesses as a means of easing their entry into the labour market. As part of the Youth Guarantee, launched in 2013, several Member States have introduced start-up support measures for young job-seekers. However, these measures vary considerably in terms of their content, delivery and aims. This report provides an overview of the current start-up support measures targeted at young people, as well as other more general measures that have relevance for them. It also reviews evaluations of the impact of selected start-up support measures. In doing so, it highlights some of the key methodological issues and limitations of the evaluation exercise." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bachinger, Karin, Andrea Dorr & Eva Heckl (2015): Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der Schweiz. Good-Practice-Beispiele an der Schnittstelle "Schule - Beruf". (AMS report 110), Wien, 72 S.

Abstract

"Die Erfahrungen anderer Länder sind von Bedeutung, um das Förderinstrumentarium des Arbeitsmarktservice in Österreich laufend zu optimieren und den wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen anzupassen. Dabei kommt in erster Linie jenen Ländern eine besondere Bedeutung zu, die ähnliche Rahmenbedingungen am Arbeitsmarkt aufweisen. Während meistens der Blick auf Deutschland fällt, wird in dieser Studie die Schweiz genauer unter die Lupe genommen. Dieses Nachbarland zeichnet sich durch eine niedrige Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und ein umfangreiches Angebot an Maßnahmen für verschiedene arbeitsmarktpolitisch relevante Zielgruppen aus. Im Fokus dieser von der KMU Forschung Austria im Auftrag der Abteilung Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich im Jahr 2014 erstellten Untersuchung stehen Maßnahmen für Jugendliche mit sozialen Benachteiligungen (z. B. Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund, ohne Pflichtschulabschluss) am Übergang 'Schule und Beruf'." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Böwing-Schmalenbrock, Melanie, Ralf Kuhnke, Matthias Müller & Birgit Reißig (2015): 2. Förderphase des Bundesprogramms "XENOS - Integration und Vielfalt". Abschlussbericht der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung. München, 148 S.

Abstract

"Das XENOS-Programm 'Integration und Vielfalt' (XENOS II) will die Integration von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in den Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt und damit auch die Integration in die Gesellschaft verbessern. Es richtet sich nicht nur auf individuelle Beschäftigungsförderung und die Verbesserung des Zugangs zu Ausbildung und Arbeit, sondern auch auf die Stärkung interkultureller Kompetenzen. Ziel der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung ist die prozessbegleitende Programmevaluation. In diesem Rahmen wurden sämtliche Projekte und in ausgewählten Stichproben Adressatengruppen einiger Projekte befragt. Mit diesem Forschungsansatz konnten Erkenntnisse zur Projektumsetzung, zu hinderlichen und förderlichen Bedingungen, zu möglichen Problementwicklungen und Bewältigungsstrategien und zur Zielerreichung sowie Projektverstetigung gewonnen werden. In dem hier vorliegenden Abschlussbericht werden die gewonnenen und ausgewerteten Daten aller Erhebungen vorgestellt, zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt und daraus Erkenntnisse abgeleitet. Diese werden an den Programmzielen gemessen und bewertet und zu Handlungsempfehlungen verdichtet, um zukünftigen Programmumsetzungen zu dienen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Eichhorst, Werner & Ulf Rinne (2015): Promoting youth employment through activation strategies. (IZA research report 65), Bonn, 61 S.

Abstract

"The working paper provides an overview of the main features of youth activation strategies around the world. It covers strategies implemented in 33 selected countries from different regions with a view to contributing to the discussion on the emerging approach of activation strategies as a tool to tackle the youth employment challenge. It provides an overview of the main features of these strategies and attempts to conduct a preliminary assessment of what works and what does not in their implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))