Female breadwinner – Erwerbsentscheidungen von Frauen im Haushaltskontext
Nach wie vor ist die ungleiche Verteilung von Erwerbs- und Familienarbeit zwischen den Partnern der Regelfall. Traditionelle familiäre Arrangements werden dabei durch institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen bevorzugt. Die Folge ist, dass Frauen immer noch beruflich zurückstecken - auch wenn sie den Hauptteil des Haushaltseinkommens erarbeiten und damit die Rolle der Familienernährerin übernehmen.
Dieses Themendossier widmet sich den Bedingungen und Auswirkungen der Erwerbsentscheidung von Frauen sowie empirischen Studien, die sich mit der Arbeitsteilung der Partner im Haushaltskontext befassen.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
How do husbands affect the labour market participation of majority and immigrant women? (2013)
Zitatform
Brekke, Idunn (2013): How do husbands affect the labour market participation of majority and immigrant women? In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 39, H. 10, S. 1639-1657. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2013.833693
Abstract
"This study analyses the labour market participation of married immigrant and married majority women in Norway over the period 1995 - 2005. Panel data from several public register databases of the population of married women (N = 54,619) in Norway are used. The purpose of the present study is to examine the extent to which women's labour market participation is affected by the labour market resources of their husbands, and if these influences differ for majority women and immigrant women. The result shows that the husbands' employment status and earnings have a positive effect on the wives' employment probabilities. However, this effect gets smaller after controlling for the unobserved stable characteristics of the women. But for women of Iranian, Iraqi or Vietnamese origin, the effect holds even after controlling for the women's unobserved stable characteristics. However, for the other country groups, including women from the majority, the husbands' labour market resources seem to be a less important factor determining whether or not the women participate in paid labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fathers' childcare and parental leave policies: evidence from western European countries and Canada (2012)
Zitatform
Reich, Nora, Christina Boll & Julian Sebastian Leppin (2012): Fathers' childcare and parental leave policies. Evidence from western European countries and Canada. (HWWI research paper 115), Hamburg, 21 S.
Abstract
"The study at hand pursues the following question: How are national parental leave arrangements related to fathers' participation in and time used for childcare? To answer this question, we merge data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) with national parental leave characteristics. Specifically, we are using 30 surveys from eight industrialised countries from 1971 to 2005. Applying a selection model, we are estimating fathers' participation in childcare and the minutes per day spent on childcare. We control for the following parental leave characteristics: duration of leave, amount of benefits and the number of weeks reserved for the father. The main results are that duration of parental leave, exclusive weeks for the father and any benefit compared to no benefit have a positive impact on fathers' childcare participation. Parental leave weeks reserved for the father and parental leave benefits affect fathers' minutes of childcare positively. It is concluded that parental leave characteristics have effects on fathers' childcare participation and time spent on childcare, but that parental leave policies have to be evaluated within the framework of each country's family policy package." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fathers' childcare: the difference between participation and amount of time (2012)
Reich, Nora;Zitatform
Reich, Nora (2012): Fathers' childcare. The difference between participation and amount of time. (HWWI research paper 116), Hamburg, 34 S.
Abstract
"The main research question of this article is whether and how predictors of fathers' participation in childcare, defined as zero versus more than zero minutes of childcare, differ from predictors of participating fathers' amount of time on childcare, measured as minutes on the survey day. The sample is drawn from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) and covers surveys from ten industrialised countries from 1987 to 2005. Results show that there are remarkable differences between factors influencing participation in childcare and factors associated with participating fathers' time spent with children. For example, the educational level has a strong impact on fathers' participation, but not on the amount of time spent on childcare. In contrast, work hours and whether data refer to a weekday or a weekend day hardly affect participation, but strongly affect fathers' time for childcare. There are also noticeable differences between the countries and between different points in time regarding factors influencing childcare participation and time. Results call for caution regarding findings from existing studies not distinguishing participation from participating fathers' childcare minutes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Einfluss der Elternzeit von Vätern auf die familiale Arbeitsteilung im internationalen Vergleich (2011)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Julian Leppin & Nora Reich (2011): Einfluss der Elternzeit von Vätern auf die familiale Arbeitsteilung im internationalen Vergleich. (HWWI policy paper 59), Hamburg, 136 S.
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsteilung von Müttern und Vätern in Familie und Beruf hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in den meisten Ländern verschoben. Mütter gehen zunehmend einer bezahlten Erwerbstätigkeit nach, und immer mehr Väter wollen Verantwortung für Familienaufgaben übernehmen. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, inwiefern diese Trends in der Zeitverwendung die traditionelle geschlechtsspezifische Rollenteilung verändert haben und ob Metavariablen auf der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Ebene wie die Frauenerwerbsquote oder aber auch familienpolitische Faktoren wie Regelungen zum Elterngeld die individuelle Zeitverwendung der Eltern beeinflusst haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Working or stay-at-home mum?: the influence of family benefits and religiosity (2010)
Jäger, Ulrike;Zitatform
Jäger, Ulrike (2010): Working or stay-at-home mum? The influence of family benefits and religiosity. (Ifo working paper 84), München, 39 S.
Abstract
"It is a well-established fact that mothers' labour force participation reacts differently to different types of family benefits. It is also already well-known that cultural and religious factors have an impact on their labour force participation. But does the labour force reaction to family benefits differ among more religious mothers? In this paper, I analyse how both factors - benefits and religiosity - interact when it comes to the decision concerning labour force participation. Firstly, I present a theoretical model which predicts that this difference exists. Secondly, I test this prediction in a sample of pooled cross-section data from 10 OECD countries using different measures to assess the extent of religiosity. There is evidence that religious mothers react less than non-religious mothers to increases in family benefits. I also find important differences among various religious affiliations. These results imply that trends in religiosity should be considered when designing labour market policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Welche familienpolitischen Maßnahmen fördern die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Müttern? (2009)
Berninger, Ina;Zitatform
Berninger, Ina (2009): Welche familienpolitischen Maßnahmen fördern die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Müttern? In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 61, H. 3, S. 355-385. DOI:10.1007/s11577-009-0070-9
Abstract
"Im Beitrag wird untersucht, welche familienpolitischen Maßnahmen (Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit, Transferleistungen) die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Müttern fördern. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Studien wird weiter evaluiert, inwiefern ein Zusammenhang zwischen erwerbsfördernden Maßnahmen und kulturellem Mutterbild besteht und ob letzteres die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation beeinflusst. Im Rahmen einer Mehrebenenanalyse werden 21 europäische Staaten anhand der Daten der zweiten Welle des European Social Survey (ESS) aus den Jahren 2004/2005 in Kombination mit Makrovariablen der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD) untersucht. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Studie bildet ein rationales Entscheidungsmodell: die mikroökonomische Theorie des Arbeitsangebotes. Zentrales Ergebnis der Analyse ist, dass einzig ein hohes Betreuungsangebot für unter dreijährige Kinder die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation, insbesondere jene von Müttern sehr junger Kinder, fördert. Diese familienpolitische Maßnahme weist einen engen Zusammenhang mit der nationalen Kultur auf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Preferences, constraints or schemas of devotion?: exploring Norwegian mothers' withdrawals from high-commitment careers (2009)
Zitatform
Halrynjo, Sigtona & Selma Therese Lyng (2009): Preferences, constraints or schemas of devotion? Exploring Norwegian mothers' withdrawals from high-commitment careers. In: The British Journal of Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 2, S. 321-343. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01233.x
Abstract
"Despite decades of focus on gender equality and work-family balance, parenthood still affects mothers' and fathers' careers differently. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Norwegian mothers who are relinquishing high-commitment careers of law and consultancy, this paper questions the adequacy of established explanations emphasizing constraints vs. individual preferences. Our sample of female professionals living in a well-developed welfare state is particularly apt to explore the processes and mechanisms upholding the statistically gendered pattern of women reducing their work commitment after childbirth. These doubly privileged mothers might be considered to have the best odds for combining career and work commitment with motherhood. Thus, we argue that the approach emphasizing practical constraints does not sufficiently account for the withdrawal from high-commitment careers among these female professionals. Nevertheless, we are not content with the claim of Preference Theory that this shift in commitment is merely a matter of 'not-so-dedicated' women discovering their 'genuine' preferences. Rather, in order to understand why and how this shift occurs, we explore the culturally constructed rationalities and schemas of both work and family devotions. We specifically examine the circumstances, mechanisms and steps in a seemingly individual process of making the shift in commitment from a promising career to a family-friendly job. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates how generous parental leave arrangements designed to enhance gender equality and work-family balance by simply reducing practical constraints may have limited - or even counterproductive - impact within high-commitment occupations where the 'irreplaceability' of workers is taken for granted. Our findings indicate that unless the culturally (re)produced discourses, demands and expectations of both work and family are exposed and challenged, even intentionally gender neutral work-family policies will continue to facilitate mothers' career withdrawals, expressed as modified individual preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Money for nothing?: universal child care and maternal employment (2009)
Zitatform
Havnes, Tarjei & Magne Mogstad (2009): Money for nothing? Universal child care and maternal employment. (IZA discussion paper 4504), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"The strong correlation between child care and maternal employment rates has led previous research to conclude that affordable and readily available child care is a driving force both of cross-country differences in maternal employment and of its rapid growth over the last decades. We analyze the introduction of subsidized, universally accessible child care in Norway. Our precise and robust difference-in-differences estimates reveal that there is little, if any, causal effect of child care on maternal employment, despite a strong correlation. Instead of increasing mothers' labor supply, the new subsidized child care mostly crowds out informal child care arrangements, suggesting a significant net cost of the child care subsidies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Der zögernde Abschied vom Patriarchat: der Wandel von Geschlechterrollen im internationalen Vergleich (2009)
Lück, Detlev;Zitatform
Lück, Detlev (2009): Der zögernde Abschied vom Patriarchat. Der Wandel von Geschlechterrollen im internationalen Vergleich. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 360 S.
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden große Schritte in Richtung Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter getan, etwa bei der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Müttern. Doch in anderen Bereichen halten sich patriarchale Strukturen erstaunlich zäh, etwa bei der Frage, wer sich um Haushalt und Kinder kümmert. Unterschiede gibt es auch im internationalen Vergleich: Skandinavien hat sich früh und weit entwickelt, Süd-Europa spät und verhalten; in Ost-Europa sind Frauen gut in das Erwerbsleben integriert, aber sonst eher schlecht gestellt. Der Autor trägt in diesem Buch Daten und Fakten zum Wandel der Geschlechterrollen in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen für 40 Länder und über einen Zeitraum von 14 Jahren zusammen. Diese beträchtliche empirische Basis erlaubt es ihm auch, die ambivalente Entwicklung der Geschlechterrollen in ein neues theoretisches Licht zu rücken: Während Rational-Choice-Ansätze Wandel plausibel machen und durch den Doing-Gender-Ansatz Kontinuität begreiflich wird, setzt Lück auf differenzierte Deutungen durch die Verknüpfung verschiedener Theorieansätze. Er fragt, wie sich strukturelle und kulturelle Einflüsse auf der Mikro- und der Makro-Ebene für statistische Analysen operationalisieren lassen, um die Unterschiede zu erklären." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Long-term effects of cash for childcare on mothers' labour supply (2009)
Rønsen, Marit;Zitatform
Rønsen, Marit (2009): Long-term effects of cash for childcare on mothers' labour supply. In: Labour, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 507-533. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.2009.00456.x
Abstract
"In 1998-99 a cash benefit for 1- to 2-year-olds who do not use subsidized childcare on full-time basis was introduced in Norway. A large-scale appraisal shortly after introduction concluded that the effects on mothers' labour supply were surprisingly small. The more long-term effects reported in this paper suggest that this conclusion may need modification. Almost 4 years after the reform the employment probability had declined significantly, and employed mothers were much more likely to be on leave. All in all the reduction in labour supply is estimated to be 3 3/4 hours per week or almost 20 per cent." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))