Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten – Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt
Auf der Flucht vor Krieg und politischer Verfolgung verlassen viele Menschen ihr Heimatland und suchen Schutz und neue Perspektiven in Deutschland und beantragen Asyl. Die Beteiligung am Arbeitsmarkt wird häufig als Schlüssel für die gesellschaftliche Integration der Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten gesehen.
Welche Qualifikationen bringen die Menschen mit, welche arbeitsmarktpolitischen Maßnahmen sind hilfreich? Wie gehen die einzelnen Bundesländer damit um, welche Auswirkungen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft und die Sozialsysteme sind zu erwarten, wie sieht die Situation in anderen Ländern aus?
Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Thema zusammen und ermöglicht den Zugang zu weiterführenden Informationen sowie zu Positionen der politischen Akteure.
Literatur zur besonderen Situation der Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine finden Sie im
Themendossier Auswirkungen des Krieges gegen die Ukraine auf Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarkt und Fluchtmigration in Deutschland
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
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Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern
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Literaturhinweis
Refugee migration - a crisis for the Nordic model? (2016)
Zitatform
Djuve, Anne Britt (2016): Refugee migration - a crisis for the Nordic model? Berlin, 15 S.
Abstract
"- The influx of refugees was subject of particular attention also in the Nordic countries. Issues that were especially discussed involved consequences for the individual welfare states as well as effects on the Nordic model in general. Here, a joint discussion between the Nordics about strategies and measures is required urgently.
-?? The Nordic model's conditions include a combination of a comprehensive welfare state, collective bargaining, labor market regulation and free market capitalism. These pillars are mutually dependent and are based on high employment rates and universal welfare provision. Even given a successful (labor market) integration of the recently arrived, considerable costs will arise. The Nordic welfare states are though able to successfully meet these challenges.
-?? In order to achieve a positive labor market integration (what in turn is required for the functioning of the Nordic model), measures addressing the mismatch of competences, discrimination and the growing competition especially in the low-wage sector have to be developed. For a successful and sustainable integration, the only reasonable alternative would be offering qualification programs for refugees enabling them to enter the labor market. Only paying for their social integration outside the labor market or reducing general labor costs on the employer side would not reach far enough and also threaten the Nordic model in the end.
-?? The challenge to integrate newly arrived refugees both in the society and in the labor market by clearing competence mismatches can also help to develop general education policies. Also, the current refugee-situation may contribute to a strengthened cooperation between the Nordics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers (2016)
Zitatform
Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416
Abstract
"This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern (2016)
Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.Weiterführende Informationen
Langfassung der Studie "Labour market integration of refugees" -
Literaturhinweis
Labour market integration of refugees: strategies and good practices (2016)
Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.
Abstract
"This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrants' effect on native workers: new analysis on longitudinal data (2015)
Zitatform
Foged, Mette & Giovanni Peri (2015): Immigrants' effect on native workers. New analysis on longitudinal data. (IZA discussion paper 8961), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on the universe of workers in Denmark during the period 1991-2008 we track the labor market outcomes of low skilled natives in response to an exogenous inflow of low skilled immigrants. We innovate on previous identification strategies by considering immigrants distributed across municipalities by a refugee dispersal policy in place between 1986 and 1998. We find that an increase in the supply of refugee-country immigrants pushed less educated native workers (especially the young and low-tenured ones) to pursue less manual-intensive occupations. As a result immigration had positive effects on native unskilled wages, employment and occupational mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Nordic labor market and migration (2015)
Ho, Giang; Shirono, Kazuko;Zitatform
Ho, Giang & Kazuko Shirono (2015): The Nordic labor market and migration. (IMF working paper 2015,254), Washington, DC, 44 S.
Abstract
"The large influx of migrants to Nordic countries in recent years is challenging the adoptability of Nordic labor market institutions while also adding to potential growth. This paper examines the trends, economic drivers, and labor market implications of migration to Nordic countries with a particular focus on economic migration as distinct from the recent large flows of asylum seekers. Our analysis finds that migration inflows to the Nordics are influenced by both cyclical and structural factors. Although migration helpfully dampens overheating pressures during periods of strong demand, and over the longer term will cushion the decline in labor supply from population aging, in the near-term unemployment can rise, especially among the young and lower-skilled. The analysis highlights the need to adapt Nordic labor market institutions in a manner that better facilitates the integration of migrants into employment. In particular, greater wage flexibility at the firm level and continued strong active labor market measures will help improve labor market outcomes among immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitsmarktintegration von Asylbewerbern und Flüchtlingen in Schweden, Dänemark und Großbritannien (2015)
Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina, Franziska Schreyer & Angela Bauer (2015): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Asylbewerbern und Flüchtlingen in Schweden, Dänemark und Großbritannien. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Berichte 18/2015), Nürnberg, 15 S.
Abstract
"Die stark gestiegene Fluchtmigration stellt den Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland vor große Herausforderungen. Der Aktuelle Bericht stellt dar, wie ausgewählte europäische Länder (Schweden, Dänemark, Großbritannien) bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Schutzsuchenden vorgehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state (2014)
Corrigan, Owen;Zitatform
Corrigan, Owen (2014): Migrant deprivation, conditionality of legal status and the welfare state. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 223-239. DOI:10.1177/0958928714525819
Abstract
"This article adds to our theoretical understanding of the determination of third-country national (TCN) migrant deprivation and poverty in western Europe. The stratifying effects of different types of legal status on migrant outcomes have been established in previous research. The conditionality that states attach to securing different types of legal status has heretofore been overlooked as an important explanatory factor, however. A measure of the conditionality attached to attaining the key social rights - granting status of long-term residency (LTR) is operationalized using cross-national policy data. Building on existing theory, we hypothesize that the negative impact of welfare generosity on TCN material deprivation is moderated by a state's level of LTR conditionality, such that deprivation will be greatest where conditionality is high and generosity is low. This hypothesis is tested using large-scale European microdata in the context of multilevel modelling. The empirical results are consistent with the central hypothesis. These findings have implications for policymakers and for extant accounts of migrant welfare, the welfare state and the factors implicated in the determination of poverty and deprivation in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment effects of spatial dispersal of refugees (2006)
Zitatform
Damm, Anna Piil & Michael Rosholm (2006): Employment effects of spatial dispersal of refugees. (CReAM discussion paper 2006,05), London, 42 S.; 492 KB.
Abstract
"We argue that spatial dispersal influences labour market assimilation of refugees through two mechanisms: first, the local job offer arrival rate and, second, place utility. Our partial search model with simultaneous job and residential location search predicts that the reservation wage for local jobs decreases with place utility. We argue that spatial dispersal decreases average place utility of refugees which decreases the transition rate into first job due to large local reservation wages. We investigate both mechanisms empirically and test the predictions of the theoretical model by evaluating the employment effects of the Danish spatial dispersal policy carried out 1986-1998." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Legal status at entry, economic performance, and self-employment proclivity: a bi-national study of immigrants (2005)
Zitatform
Constant, Amelie & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2005): Legal status at entry, economic performance, and self-employment proclivity. A bi-national study of immigrants. (IZA discussion paper 1910), Bonn, 41 S.
Abstract
"There are concerns about the attachment of immigrants to the labor force, and the potential policy responses. This paper uses a bi-national survey on immigrant performance to investigate the sorting of individuals into full-time paid-employment and entrepreneurship and their economic success. Particular attention is paid to the role of legal status at entry in the host country (worker, refugee, and family reunification), ethnic networks, enclaves and other differences among ethnicities for their integration in the labor market. Since the focus is on the understanding of the self-employment decision, a two-stage structural probit model is employed that determines the willingness to work full-time (against part-time employment and not working), and the choice between full-time paid work and self-employment. The choices are determined by the reservation wage for full-time work, and the perceived earnings from working in paid-employment and as entrepreneur, among other factors. ! Accounting for sample selectivity, the paper provides regressions explaining reservation wages, and actual earnings for paid-employment and self-employment, which provide the basis for such an analysis. The structural probit models suggest that the expected earnings differentials from working and reservation wages and for self-employment and paid-employment earnings matter much, although only among a number of other determinants. For Germany, legal status at entry is important; former refugees and those migrants who arrive through family reunification are less likely to work full-time; refugees are also less self-employed. Those who came through the employment channel are more likely to be in full-time paid work. In Denmark, however, the status at entry variables do not play any significant role. This suggests that the Danish immigrant selection system is ineffective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Immigrant performance and selective immigration policy: a European perspective (2005)
Zitatform
Constant, Amelie & Klaus F. Zimmermann (2005): Immigrant performance and selective immigration policy. A European perspective. (IZA discussion paper 1715), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"The European Union aims at a stronger participation by its population in work to foster growth and welfare. There are concerns about the attachment of immigrants to the labour force, and discussions about the necessary policy responses. Integrated labour and migration policies are needed. The employment chances of the low-skilled are limited. Whereas Europe could benefit from a substantive immigration policy that imposes selection criteria that are more in line with economic needs, the substantial immigration into the European Union follows largely non-economic motives. This paper discusses the economic rationale of a selective immigration policy and provides empirical evidence about the adverse effects of current selection mechanisms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Literatur und Forschung aus dem IAB
-
Zur Situation in Deutschland
- Positionen und Stellungnahmen
- zur Rechtslage
- Bildungstand und -förderung / Anerkennung von Qualifikation
- betriebliche Berufsausbildung/Berufsorientierung
- Studium
- Arbeitsmarktintegration, Maßnahmen und Programme
- Betriebe und Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Erwerbstätigkeit und Arbeitslosigkeit
- Geflüchtete im SGB II
- Löhne
- Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Flüchtlingszuwanderung
- Regionale Aspekte, Wohnsitzauflage
- Rückwanderung
- Daten und Statistik
- Quellen mit Unterscheidung nach Herkunftsregion
- Quellen mit Geschlechtsbezug
- Quellen mit Altersbezug
- Quellen mit regionalem Bezug
- Zur Situation in anderen Ländern