Arbeitszeit: Verlängern? Verkürzen? Flexibilisieren?
Verkürzung, Verlängerung oder Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit stehen immer wieder im Zentrum der Debatten. Was wünschen sich Unternehmen und Beschäftigte? Wie kann Arbeitszeitpolitik die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze und die Sicherung vorhandener Arbeitsplätze unterstützen?
Dieses Themendossier bietet Publikationen zur Entwicklung der Arbeitszeiten in Deutschland auch im internationalen Vergleich, zur betrieblichen Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit und zu den Arbeitszeitwünschen der Beschäftigten.
Publikationen zur kontroversen Debatte um die Einführung der Vier-Tage-Woche finden Sie in unserem Themendossier Vier-Tage-Woche – Arbeitszeitmodell der Zukunft?
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Arbeitszeitpolitik
- Arbeitszeitentwicklung
- Arbeitszeit aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
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Arbeitszeitgestaltung
- gleitende Arbeitszeit
- Vertrauensarbeitszeit
- Arbeitszeitkonten
- Schichtmodelle, Wochenendarbeit
- Langzeiturlaub, Blockfreizeit
- Arbeit auf Abruf, KAPOVAZ
- Bereitschaftsdienst
- Job Sharing, Teilzeit, Altersteilzeit
- Telearbeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Who wants and gets flexibility?: changing work hours preferences and life events (2009)
Zitatform
Drago, Robert, Mark Wooden & David Black (2009): Who wants and gets flexibility? Changing work hours preferences and life events. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 394-414.
Abstract
"Using panel data for 2001-2005 from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, the authors examine workers' desires for, and achievement of, work hour flexibility. They estimate a dynamic model that controls for preferences in previous years and tests for the effects of life events on both desired employment and desired work hours. Many life events, such as motherhood and retirement, are found to have predictable effects. Parallel regressions are estimated for actual employment and the number of hours usually worked, and the results are compared to those for preferences. The dynamics of usual hours often mirror those for preferences, suggesting that labor markets function effectively for many employees. However, mismatches are associated with three life events: motherhood, widowhood for men, and job loss. The results also suggest that many men and women would extend employment under phased retirement programs, although only for a brief period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working time mismatch and subjective well-being (2009)
Zitatform
Wooden, Mark, Diana Warren & Robert Drago (2009): Working time mismatch and subjective well-being. In: BJIR, Jg. 47, H. 1, S. 147-179. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2008.00705.x
Abstract
"This study uses nationally representative panel survey data for Australia to identify the role played by mismatches between hours actually worked and working time preferences in contributing to reported levels of job and life satisfaction. Three main conclusions emerge. First, it is not the number of hours worked that matters for subjective well-being, but working time mismatch. Second, overemployment is a more serious problem than is underemployment. Third, while the magnitude of the impact of overemployment may seem small in absolute terms, relative to other variables, such as disability, the effect is quite large." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Paid annual leave and working hours: evidence from the HILDA Survey (2008)
Zitatform
Wooden, Mark & Diana Warren (2008): Paid annual leave and working hours. Evidence from the HILDA Survey. In: Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 664-670. DOI:10.1177/0022185608094118
Abstract
"Using data from wave 5 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this study examines: (1) the extent to which Australian employees use their annual leave entitlements; and (2) the association between annual leave taking and weekly hours of work. After restricting attention to employees likely to have entitlement to at least 4 weeks of paid annual leave, it is found that the mean number of days of leave taken per year is around 16 and that the majority of employees (63%) take less than 20. The incidence of annual leave taking is found to vary positively with the number of usual weekly hours of work, but the size of this effect is small and weak." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The work-family time squeeze: conflicting demands of paid and unpaid work among working couples in 29 countries (2007)
Zitatform
Edlund, Jonas (2007): The work-family time squeeze. Conflicting demands of paid and unpaid work among working couples in 29 countries. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 48, H. 6, S. 451-480. DOI:10.1177/0020715207083338
Abstract
"The article analyzes work-family balance among working couples in 29 countries using data from ISSP 2002. Arguments derived from theories on family regimes and modernization are tested. The results indicate that respondents can be categorized into three clusters. The first comprises those having a work-family balance; the second, those having an occupational work-overload; and the third, those having a dual work-overload (i.e. those experiencing too strong demands from both work and family responsibilities). Across countries, cluster sizes vary tremendously. The results indicate that the wealth of a country is strongly associated with the likelihood of achieving a balanced work-family situation. Although the overall probability increases with economic wealth, the relative disadvantage for women compared to men persists. The female disadvantage is mainly a higher risk of occupational overload in the rich countries, whereas in poorer countries there is a higher risk of being in a dual work-overload situation. Among the wealthy industrialized democracies, a balanced work-family situation is more common in the familialist German-linguistic country grouping, followed by the Nordic countries characterized by de-familialization. Market-oriented countries perform less well. Within the perspective of the theory on family regimes, the similarity between the familialist and the de-familialist regimes is an unexpected result." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Back-to-front down-under?: part-time/full-time wage differentials in Australia (2006)
Zitatform
Booth, Alison L. & Margi Wood (2006): Back-to-front down-under? Part-time/full-time wage differentials in Australia. (IZA discussion paper 2268), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"In 2003, part-time employment in Australia accounted for over 42% of the Australian female workforce, nearly 17% of the male workforce, and represented 28% of total employment. Of the OECD countries, only the Netherlands has a higher proportion of working women employed part-time and Australia tops the OECD league in terms of its proportion of working men who are part-time. In this paper we investigate part-time full-time hourly wage gaps using important new panel data from the first four waves of the new Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. We find that, once unobserved individual heterogeneity has been taken into account, part-time men and women typically earn an hourly pay premium. This premium varies with casual employment status, but is always positive, a result that survives our robustness checks. We advance some hypotheses as to why there is a part-time pay advantage in Australia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who wants flexibility? Changing work hours preferences and life events (2006)
Zitatform
Drago, Robert, Mark Wooden & David Black (2006): Who wants flexibility? Changing work hours preferences and life events. (IZA discussion paper 2404), Bonn, 29 S.
Abstract
"We consider desires for flexibility in weekly hours by analyzing changes in work hours preferences using four years of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. We control for work hours preferences in previous years and test for effects on desired labor force participation and, for those wishing to participate, on current hours preferences. Our findings reveal that, in general, women are more sensitive to life events than men. Women's preferred hours and labor force participation decline sharply with pregnancy and the arrival of children; their preferred hours approach usual levels as children enter school and ultimately decline as they become empty-nesters. We also find women's preferred hours increasing following separation but falling after divorce, with an opposing pattern for men. Finally, a sizeable minority of retirees have preferences for phased instead of full retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Long work hours: volunteers and conscripts (2006)
Zitatform
Drago, Robert, Mark Wooden & David Black (2006): Long work hours. Volunteers and conscripts. (IZA discussion paper 2484), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Panel data from Australia are used to study the prevalence of work hours mismatch among long hours workers and, more importantly, how that mismatch persists and changes over time, and what factors are associated with these changes. Particular attention is paid to the roles played by household debt, ideal worker characteristics and gender. Both static and dynamic multinomial logit models are estimated, with the dependent variable distinguishing long hours workers from other workers, and within the former, between 'volunteers', who prefer long hours, and 'conscripts', who do not. The results suggest that: (i) high levels of debt are mainly associated with conscript status; (ii) ideal worker types can be found among both volunteers and conscripts, but are much more likely to be conscripts; and (iii) women are relatively rare among long hours workers, and especially long hours volunteers, suggesting long hours jobs may be discriminatory. The research highlights the importance of distinguishing conscripts and volunteers to understand the prevalence and dynamics of long work hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Pursuing preferences: the creation and resolution of work hour mismatches (2006)
Zitatform
Reynolds, Jeremy & Lydia Aletraris (2006): Pursuing preferences: the creation and resolution of work hour mismatches. In: American Sociological Review, Jg. 71, H. 4, S. 618-638.
Abstract
"Mismatches between the number of hours people actually work and the hours they prefer to work are common, but few studies have examined such hour mismatches from a longitudinal perspective. Using two waves of panel data from Australia, the authors offer a new, dynamic picture of hour mismatches. Their analysis shows a fluid labor market in which many mismatches are created and resolved. Nevertheless, their findings also highlight market imperfections. Many mismatches (especially the desire for fewer hours) appear to persist for more than a year, and although a change of employers can resolve mismatches, it can also create them. Moreover, as seen in the findings, processes that create and resolve mismatches are more closely tied to changes in preferred hours than to changes in actual hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender, time use and public policy over the life cycle (2005)
Zitatform
Apps, Patricia & Ray Rees (2005): Gender, time use and public policy over the life cycle. (IZA discussion paper 1855), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we compare gender differences in the allocation of time to market work, domestic work, child care, and leisure over the life cycle. Time use profiles for these activity categories are constructed on survey data for three countries: Australia, the UK and Germany. We discuss the extent to which gender differences and life cycle variation in time use can be explained by public policy, focusing on the tax treatment of the female partner and on access to high quality, affordable child care. Profiles of time use, earnings and taxes are compared over the life cycle defined on age as well as on phases that represent the key transitions in the life cycle of a typical household. Our contention is that, given the decision to have children, life cycle time use and consumption decisions of households are determined by them and by public policy. Before children arrive, the adult members of the household have high labour supplies and plenty of leisure. The presence of pre-school children, in combination with the tax treatment of the second earner's income and the cost of bought-in child care, dramatically change the pattern of time use, leading to large falls in female labour supply. We also highlight the fact that, in the three countries we study, female labour supply exhibits a very high degree of heterogeneity after the arrival of children, and we show that this has important implications for public policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hours of work and gender identity: does part-time work make the family happier? (2005)
Zitatform
Booth, Alison L. & Jan C. van Ours (2005): Hours of work and gender identity. Does part-time work make the family happier? (IZA discussion paper 1884), Bonn, 39 S.
Abstract
"Taking into account inter-dependence within the family, we investigate the relationship between part-time work and happiness. We use panel data from the new Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey. Our analysis indicates that part-time women are more satisfied with working hours than full-time women. Partnered women's life satisfaction is increased if their partners work full-time. Male partners' life satisfaction is unaffected by their partners' market hours but is increased if they themselves are working full-time. This finding is consistent with the gender identity hypothesis of Akerlof and Kranton (2000)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The persistence of long work hours (2005)
Zitatform
Drago, Robert, David Black & Mark Wooden (2005): The persistence of long work hours. (Melbourne Institute working paper series 2005,12), Melbourne, 39 S.
Abstract
"Previous research hypothesizes that long working hours are related to consumerism, the ideal worker norm, high levels of human capital, and a high cost-of-job-loss. The authors test these hypotheses using panel data on working hours for an Australian sample of full-time employed workers. Analyses include a static cross-sectional model and a persistence model for long hours over time. The results suggest that long hours (50 or more hours in a usual week) are often persistent, and provide strongest support for the consumerism hypothesis, with some support for the ideal worker norm and human capital hypotheses, and no support for the cost-of-job-loss hypothesis. Other results are consistent with a backward-bending supply of long hours, and with multiple job holders and the self-employed working long hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The existence and persistence of long work hours (2005)
Zitatform
Drago, Robert, David Black & Mark Wooden (2005): The existence and persistence of long work hours. (IZA discussion paper 1720), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"Previous research hypothesizes that long working hours are related to consumerism, the ideal worker norm, high levels of human capital, and a high cost-of-job-loss. The authors test these hypotheses using panel data on working hours for an Australian sample of full-time employed workers. Analyses include a static cross-sectional model and a persistence model for long hours over time. The results suggest that long hours (50 or more hours in a usual week) are often persistent, and provide strongest support for the consumerism hypothesis, with some support for the ideal worker norm and human capital hypotheses, and no support for the cost-of-job-loss hypothesis. Other results are consistent with a backward-bending supply of long hours, and with multiple job holders and the self-employed working long hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Adapting to the lifecourse? Evaluating men and women's working-time preferences (2005)
Wanrooy, Brigid van;Zitatform
Wanrooy, Brigid van (2005): Adapting to the lifecourse? Evaluating men and women's working-time preferences. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 8, H. 2, S. 145-162.
Abstract
"While participants in the Australian working time debate have focused on the length and diversity of working hours, one of the central elements of the debate is whether these hours are meeting workers' preferences. Hakim's (2000) preference theory of work-lifestyle choices was developed to provide a framework for examining women's work and family choices throughout their lives. She argues that while the majority of women have 'adaptive' preferences for both work and family, the majority of men have 'work-centred' preferences. This paper examines this theory using the NLC data on work hours and preferences, among men and women over the lifecourse. We find that work hours and preferences vary over the lifecourse for women, both with and without children. Analysis of men's work hours shows little variation dependent on lifecourse stage, contrary to women. However, when we examine men's individual movements in and out of the workforce we find evidence of adaptive behaviour. Additionally, in some cases men's preferences for adaptive behaviour are not being met." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The growth of part-time employment in Australia and the United Kingdom, 1978-93 (1995)
Dawkins, Peter; Norris, Keith;Zitatform
Dawkins, Peter & Keith Norris (1995): The growth of part-time employment in Australia and the United Kingdom, 1978-93. In: Labour Economics and Productivity, Jg. 7, H. 1, S. 1-27.
Abstract
"In Section 2 we look at the definition of part-time employment and at the remuneration and other terms of employment of part-time workers in each country. In Section 3 we discuss the incidence of part-time employment by industry and examine the possibility that the growth of the spare of part-time employment might, at least in part, be explained by a relatively rapid rate of growth of employment in those industries in which most part-time workers are employed. In Section 4 we attempt to explain the growth of part-time employment within industries and some concluding comments are presented in Section 5." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Arbeitszeitpolitik
- Arbeitszeitentwicklung
- Arbeitszeit aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
-
Arbeitszeitgestaltung
- gleitende Arbeitszeit
- Vertrauensarbeitszeit
- Arbeitszeitkonten
- Schichtmodelle, Wochenendarbeit
- Langzeiturlaub, Blockfreizeit
- Arbeit auf Abruf, KAPOVAZ
- Bereitschaftsdienst
- Job Sharing, Teilzeit, Altersteilzeit
- Telearbeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug