Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
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- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
Estimating low pay transition probabilities accounting for endogenous selection mechanisms (2008)
Zitatform
Cappellari, Lorenzo & Stephen P. Jenkins (2008): Estimating low pay transition probabilities accounting for endogenous selection mechanisms. In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics, Jg. 57, H. 2, S. 165-186. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9876.2007.00607.x
Abstract
"We propose a model of transitions into and out of low paid employment that accounts for non-ignorable panel dropout, employment retention and base year low pay status ('initial conditions'). The model is fitted to data for men from the British Household Panel Survey. Initial conditions and employment retention are found to be non-ignorable selection processes. Whether panel dropout is found to be ignorable depends on how item non-response on pay is treated. Notwithstanding these results, we also find that models incorporating a simpler approach to accounting for non-ignorable selections provide estimates of covariate effects that differ very little from the estimates from the general model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of labor market institutions on salaried and self-employed less-educated men in the 1980s (2008)
Zitatform
Krashinsky, Harry (2008): The effect of labor market institutions on salaried and self-employed less-educated men in the 1980s. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 73-91. DOI:10.1177/001979390806200104
Abstract
"Less-educated workers exhibited negative real wage growth from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Frequently cited to explain this pattern are such labor market trends as union decline and the falling real value of the minimum wage, but also of concern is the possible contribution of decreased demand, caused by factors such as skill-biased technological change. To investigate the relative importance of these determinants, the author, using CPS data, compares the experiences of wage-and-salary workers with those of the self-employed. Wages apparently declined little for less-educated self-employed workers, but greatly for similar wage-and-salary workers. Because self-employed workers are affected by the same demand shocks as wage-and-salary workers but are not subject to labor market institutions such as the minimum wage or labor unions, the author concludes that the main source of the observed negative real wage growth was the decline of labor market institutions, not skill-biased technological change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market programmes and labour market outcomes: a study of the Swedish active labour market interventions (2007)
Zitatform
Adda, Jerome, Monica Costa Dias, Costas Meghir & Barbara Sianesi (2007): Labour market programmes and labour market outcomes. A study of the Swedish active labour market interventions. (Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation. Working paper 2007,27), Uppsala, 71 S.
Abstract
"This paper assesses the impact of Swedish welfare-to-work programmes on labour market performance including wages, labour market status, unemployment duration and future welfare-to-work participation. We develop a structural dynamic model of labour supply which incorporates detailed institutional features of these policies and allows for selection on observables and unobservables. We estimate the model from a rich administrative panel data set and show that training programmes - which account for a large proportion of programmes - have little effect on future outcomes, whereas job experience programmes have a beneficial effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From no pay to low pay and back again?: a multi-state model of low pay dynamics (2006)
Zitatform
Uhlendorff, Arne (2006): From no pay to low pay and back again? A multi-state model of low pay dynamics. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 648), Berlin, 34 S.
Abstract
"This study analyzes the mobility between three labor market states: working in low paid jobs, working in higher paid jobs and not working. Using German panel data I estimate dynamic multinomial logit panel data models with random effects taking the initial conditions problem and potential endogeneity of panel attrition into account. In line with results from other countries, this first study on Germany finds true state dependence in low pay jobs and confirms previous results of state dependence in non-employment. Moreover, I find evidence for a 'low pay no pay cycle', i.e. being low paid or not employed itself increases the probability of being in one of these states in the next year. However, compared to non working, being low paid does not have adverse effects on future employment prospects: the employment probability increases with low pay employment and the probability of being high paid seems to be higher for previously low paid workers. I find no evidence for endogenous panel attrition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
An examination of occupational mobility among full-time workers (2003)
Gabriel, Paul E.;Zitatform
Gabriel, Paul E. (2003): An examination of occupational mobility among full-time workers. In: Monthly labor review, Jg. 126, H. 9, S. 32-40.
Abstract
Die späten 1990er Jahren brachten für die Arbeiter der meisten Branchen in den USA eine wachsende Beschäftigungsstabilität und steigende Reallöhne. Anhand statistischer Längsschnittdaten des National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) aus dem Zeitraum 1989-1998 werden die Arbeitsplatzmobilitätsraten vollbeschäftigter junger Lohn- und Gehaltsarbeiter und -arbeiterinnen zwischen 16 und 32 Jahren, ausgenommen der Landarbeiter, ermittelt und die Mobilitätsraten von Männern und Frauen miteinander verglichen. Einige neuere Trends in der Beschäftigungsmobilität vom Eintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt bis zur Mitte des Berufslebens, die sowohl beruflichen Auf- wie auch Abstieg bedeuten können, werden herausgearbeitet. Gesondert werden die demografischen Merkmale von Niedriglohn-Arbeitern und ihre Branchenverteilung im Jahr 2002 betrachtet. Es zeigt sich u.a., dass die Lohnbenachteiligung von Frauen seit den 1990er Jahren abgenommen hat. (IAB)
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- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter