Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
In-work poverty and family policy in Italy: from a frozen to a thawing landscape? (2025)
Zitatform
Giuliani, Giovanni Amerigo & Nicola De Luigi (2025): In-work poverty and family policy in Italy: from a frozen to a thawing landscape? In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 558-578. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2282356
Abstract
"The article investigates in-work poverty (IWP) in Italy through the lens of family policies. Adopting a longitudinal perspective, the work scrutinizes whether and to what extent the configuration of family policy tools - family allowances, leave and ECEC (Early Childhood Care and Education) - has been effective in contrasting IWP in Italy. Furthermore, it probes whether the Italian family policy has reconfigured over time as a tool for countering IWP. The study shows that family policy can be useful both directly - by providing income support for the most disadvantaged families - and indirectly - by fostering the transition to a dual-earner family model. However, the analysis of the Italian case shows that such positive effects are only potential, and not automatic. In Italy, historically, family policy has been scarcely effective. Nevertheless, in the last few years a pattern of slow change has initiated, and its effectiveness as a device to tackle IWP appears to have increased." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Armutsrisiko stagniert, ist aber bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Erwerbslosen weiterhin hoch (2025)
Zitatform
Grabka, Markus M. (2025): Armutsrisiko stagniert, ist aber bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Erwerbslosen weiterhin hoch. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 92, H. 42, S. 663-671. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2025-42-1
Abstract
"Die hohe Inflation der vergangenen Jahre hat nach aktuellen Zahlen des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zu Kaufkraftverlusten bei Bruttostundenlöhnen und Haushaltsnettoeinkommen geführt. Die Ungleichheit bei den Löhnen ist weiter gesunken und wieder auf dem Stand des Jahres 2000. Dies liegt vor allem an den positiven Entwicklungen am unteren Ende der Lohnverteilung: Durch die wiederholten Anhebungen des Mindestlohns hat der Anteil der Beschäftigten im Niedriglohnsektor nach Zahlen des Statistischen Bundesamtes mit 15,9 Prozent im Jahr 2024 einen neuen Tiefstand erreicht. Bei den verfügbaren Einkommen auf Haushaltsebene stagniert seit 2020 die Ungleichheit ebenso wie die Armutsrisikoquote, allerdings ist beides in der langen Frist gestiegen. Unter Personen mit Migrationshintergrund und insbesondere unter Geflüchteten ist die Niedrigeinkommensquote überdurchschnittlich hoch, während sie bei der Bevölkerung ohne Migrationshintergrund seit mehr als zehn Jahren nahezu unverändert ist. Die Erwerbsbeteiligung hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das Armutsrisiko. Zur Reduktion der Einkommensungleichheit und des Armutsrisikos sollten sowohl die Arbeitsmarktintegration ausgewählter Zielgruppen in den Fokus genommen als auch das Transfersystem reformiert werden, um Anreize zur Ausweitung der Arbeitszeit zu setzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Niedriglohnbeschäftigung 2022 - Deutlicher Rückgang in Westdeutschland (2025)
Kalina, Thorsten;Zitatform
Kalina, Thorsten (2025): Niedriglohnbeschäftigung 2022 - Deutlicher Rückgang in Westdeutschland. (IAQ-Report 2025-03), Duisburg, 17 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/83214
Abstract
"Das Niedriglohnrisiko ist in Deutschland zwischen 2021 und 2022 insgesamt um fast zwei Prozentpunkte auf 19 % gesunken. Anders als in früheren Jahren zeigte sich vor allem in Westdeutschland ein deutlicher Rückgang von 19,9 % auf 17,9 %. Von dieser positiven Entwicklung konnten Beschäftigtengruppen mit einem hohen Niedriglohnrisiko, wie etwa Ausländer*innen, Beschäftigte mit Migrationshintergrund oder befristet Beschäftigte, nur zum Teil profitieren. Vielfach reduzierte sich das Niedriglohnrisiko für Beschäftigtengruppen, die im Allgemeinen eher eine überdurchschnittliche Entlohnung haben (Akademiker*innen, Männer, mittlere Altersgruppen). Ferner sank es eher in sozialversicherungspflichtiger Teilzeitbeschäftigung als in Minijobs. Ein Rückgang des Niedriglohnrisikos war für die jeweiligen Gruppen meistens nicht mit Beschäftigungsverlusten verbunden, einzige Ausnahme sind befristet Beschäftigte. Für tarifgebundene Beschäftigte ist das Niedriglohnrisiko mit knapp 11 % deutlich geringer als für nicht tarifgebundene Beschäftigte mit gut 26 %. Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Tarifbindung könnten helfen, den Niedriglohnsektor weiter zu verkleinern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Making Sense of Exploitation: Teenage Workers’ Experiences of Unpaid Labour in Low-Wage Service Jobs (2025)
Zitatform
Kallos, Anna (2025): Making Sense of Exploitation: Teenage Workers’ Experiences of Unpaid Labour in Low-Wage Service Jobs. In: Work, Employment and Society, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1177/09500170251380738
Abstract
"This article explores the rationales through which teenage students make sense of and legitimise unpaid labour in low-wage service jobs, contributing to theorising how such exploitation becomes normalised as part of their working lives. Based on 40 in-depth interviews with working school students in Sweden, it focuses on experiences of wage theft and coercive extra shifts, understood as employer strategies to extract unpaid labour time. The analysis identifies three key rationales, shaped by various discourses, through which teenagers made sense of these exploitative practices: framing them as secondary to self-investing in employability, downplaying them as an expected aspect of student jobs, and interpreting them in relation to their perceived vulnerability as young workers. These rationales outline a discursive terrain through which exploitative practices became ambivalently accepted as part of working life, with teenage workers often assuming individual responsibility for their conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Careers of Minimum Wage Workers (2025)
Zitatform
Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr & Louis J. Maiden (2025): Careers of Minimum Wage Workers. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 34405), Cambridge, Mass, 24 S., App.
Abstract
"We characterize the careers of minimum wage workers by merging SIPP panels covering 1992-2016 into the LEHD. A long-run analysis shows strong earnings growth for these workers in subsequent decades, becoming indistinguishable from peers earning modestly more initially. Most of this growth is due to the steep earnings trajectories of young workers. Older workers earning minimum wages show a modest dip in earnings at that moment compared to earlier and later periods. Increases in state minimum wages do not significantly alter the future careers of workers who are on the minimum wage when the increases occur." (excerpt, IAB-Doku) (en)
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Canada's Working Income Tax Benefit on the Labor Supply of Low‐Income Workers (2025)
Zitatform
Koebel, Kourtney & Dionne Pohler (2025): The Impact of Canada's Working Income Tax Benefit on the Labor Supply of Low‐Income Workers. In: Industrial Relations, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1111/irel.70015
Abstract
"We use administrative tax data to estimate the effect of the Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB) on the labor supply of single, low-income workers in Canada. Our analytical approach exploits low knowledge of the program, which generates variation in the benefit receipt both between and within eligible tax filers over time. We find that the benefit receipt has a positive effect on the extensive margin of employment, suggesting that the additional income helps workers remain attached to the labor market. Among tax filers who do not receive social assistance, our results suggest that WITB receipt increases labor market attachment by roughly 3%." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employers and Unemployment Insurance Take-Up (2025)
Zitatform
Lachowska, Marta, Isaac Sorkin & Stephen A. Woodbury (2025): Employers and Unemployment Insurance Take-Up. In: The American economic review, Jg. 115, H. 8, S. 2529-2573. DOI:10.1257/aer.20230195
Abstract
"We quantify the employer's role in unemployment insurance (UI) take-up. Employer effects on claiming and appeals are substantial, and those effects are negatively correlated, consistent with appeals deterring claims. Low-wage workers are less likely to claim and more likely to have their claims appealed than median-wage workers. Employer effects help explain these income gradients, so equalizing employer effects on claiming would increase the progressivity of UI. Finally, the main source of targeting error in UI is that eligible workers do not claim." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Diskriminierung von Menschen aus dem östlichen Europa: Das Jobcenter als Schnittstelle zwischen Arbeitsmarkt und Wohlfahrtsstaat (2025)
Zitatform
Leko, Jure, Aleksandra Lewicki, Jannis Panagiotidis & Hans-Christian Petersen (2025): Diskriminierung von Menschen aus dem östlichen Europa. Das Jobcenter als Schnittstelle zwischen Arbeitsmarkt und Wohlfahrtsstaat. Berlin, 57 S.
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Bericht versteht sich als Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Debatte wie auch zur Verbesserung institutioneller Praktiken und Herangehensweisen. Das Ziel unserer Forschung ist es, die Abwertung und Ausgrenzung von Menschen aus dem östlichen Europa sichtbarer zu machen und dadurch ihre Lebenssituation zu verbessern. Hierzu haben wir uns mit Projektpartner*innen zusammengetan, deren Engagement das Thema täglich in die Öffentlichkeit bringt – darunter der Podcast X3, die Plattform o[s]tklick, das Zentrum für Antislawismusforschung, das Roma Center e.V. sowie der Polnische Sozialrat (siehe „Die Projektpartner*innen“). Teil unserer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit war zudem die Zusammenarbeit mit Journalist*innen wie Erica Zingher oder Anastasia Tikhomirova, Aktivist*innen wie Maria Borysenko, Künstler*innen wie Jemek Jemowit sowie Autor*innen wie Paul Bokowski, die (wie auch Lena Gorelik, Olga Grjasnowa, Elina Penner, Lana Lux, Emilia Smechowski, Dmitrij Kapitelman, Artur Weigandt, Ira Peter und andere) mit biografischer Offenheit über die Herausforderungen schreiben, die damit einhergehen, in Deutschland aufzuwachsen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Low-Waged Hourly Employment as a Form of Precarious Work: Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Its Implications (2025)
Zitatform
Lu, Qianyi Sinyee & Kevin Leicht (2025): Low-Waged Hourly Employment as a Form of Precarious Work: Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Its Implications. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 180, H. 3, S. 1765-1795. DOI:10.1007/s11205-025-03725-4
Abstract
"While research on non-standard scheduling has grown in recent decades, less attention has been paid to its broader category—precarious hourly employment. Utilizing longitudinal U.S. Current Population Survey data (2017–2024), this study investigates racial and ethnic disparities in exposure to low-waged hourly work, the mechanisms behind these disparities, and their financial impacts. We find that workers of color, except Asians, are at heightened risk of low-waged hourly employment. A large proportion of this disparity remains unexplained by our models, suggesting underlying discrimination or structural inequalities, with some variation by race and gender. Among the mediated/indirect effects, underrepresentation in college degree holders and managerial/professional roles explain most of the disparity. Our counterfactual causal estimation also demonstrates that precarious hourly employment significantly reduces compensable work hours and earnings per hour, thus potentially affecting nonwhite workers disproportionately and exacerbating racial inequalities in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-pay work and the risk of poverty: a dynamic analysis for European countries (2025)
Zitatform
Mussida, Chiara & Dario Sciulli (2025): Low-pay work and the risk of poverty: a dynamic analysis for European countries. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 1173-1196. DOI:10.1007/s10888-025-09666-9
Abstract
"This paper explores how householders’ and partners' low-pay conditions affect the risk of poverty ofEuropean households. We use 2016–2019 longitudinal European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data, model poverty and labour market outcomes, and account for possible endogeneity of low-pay work in the poverty equation. Low-pay work is defined on gross hourly wage basis. We find that low-pay work increases the risk of poverty compared to high-pay conditions. Notably, when compared to non-employment, the effect of low-pay work on poverty differs between householders and partners. The effect tends to be stronger for the former and smaller for the latter, which stresses the leading role of householders in income formation and the added-worker role of partners in households. The risk of poverty for low-pay workers is even reinforced by their higher probability of being employed in job positions with fewer annual working hours, such as part-time and temporary contracts. The magnitude of low-pay effects on poverty appears to be associated with institutions capable of sustaining the wage floor, earnings and income inequalities, and the generosity of social transfers. We find evidence of feedback effects from poverty on future labour market outcomes, suggesting a self-reinforcing mechanism between poverty and poor labour conditions, which along with limited upward mobility in the labour markets, may lead societies toward persistent income segmentation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? (2025)
Seils, Eric;Zitatform
Seils, Eric (2025): Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? (WSI Policy Brief / Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut 90), Düsseldorf, 20 S.
Abstract
"In Folge der Bürgergeld-Reform erlebte die Debatte um das Lohnabstandsgebot eine wahre Renaissance: Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? Während Stimmen aus der Wissenschaft immer wieder darauf hinweisen, dass Arbeit auch nach der Bürgergeldreform immer mit einem Einkommenszugewinn verbunden ist, sind Teile der Bevölkerung zutiefst skeptisch. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Folgenden gezeigt, welches Einkommensplus sich durch Arbeit in unterschiedlichen Haushaltskonstellationen und Regionen gegenüber dem Bürgergeld ergibt. Dabei wird auf zahlreiche Einwände, die gegen solche Berechnungen erhoben werden, eingegangen und erläutert, wieso der Lohnabstand immer gegeben ist." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Die Unverzichtbaren: Menschen in Basisarbeit: Erkenntnisse für eine politische Auseinandersetzung mit ihren Perspektiven und Forderungen in der Transformationsgesellschaft (2025)
Siebert, Johanna; Buchstab, Mara;Zitatform
Siebert, Johanna & Mara Buchstab (2025): Die Unverzichtbaren: Menschen in Basisarbeit. Erkenntnisse für eine politische Auseinandersetzung mit ihren Perspektiven und Forderungen in der Transformationsgesellschaft. Berlin: Das Progressive Zentrum, 56 S. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.15590119
Abstract
"Sie reinigen Büros, liefern Essen aus, verbauen Autoteile oder räumen Supermarktregale ein. Menschen, deren berufliche Tätigkeiten keine formale Qualifikation erfordern, bilden mit ihrer Arbeit die Basis unserer Gesellschaft. Gleichzeitig werden diese Beschäftigten in un- und angelernten Berufen (Basisarbeiter:innen) in zentralen Reformdebatten weitestgehend übersehen. Unsere Studie möchte das ändern. Sie unternimmt den Versuch einer Vermessung von Basisarbeit im Vergleich zu qualifizierten Tätigkeiten und geht dabei der Frage nach: Was sind die Arbeits- und Lebensrealitäten von Basisarbeiter:innen und wie blicken sie auf ihre eigene Tätigkeit und die Gesellschaft? Angesichts einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt, angetrieben von der ökologischen und digitalen Transformation, nimmt die Studie darüber hinaus die demokratiepolitische Relevanz von Arbeit unter die Lupe. Sie fragt: Wie wirken sich unsichere Arbeitsbedingungen in der Basisarbeit, aber auch auf dem gesamten Arbeitsmarkt, auf das Vertrauen in die Demokratie und die Offenheit gegenüber Transformationsprozessen aus? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen haben wir ein mehrdimensionales Forschungsdesign, bestehend aus Einzelinterviews, Fokusgruppen und einer quantitativen Meinungsumfrage, gewählt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Basisarbeiter:innen sind in ihrer Position auf dem Arbeitsmarkt benachteiligt. Im Vergleich zu Menschen in qualifizierten Berufen verfügen sie über weniger formelle Anpassungs- und Gestaltungsressourcen, um sich innerhalb einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt zurechtzufinden. Gleichzeitig finden ihre Anliegen in Politik und Gesellschaft seltener Gehör. Entsprechend gering ist das Vertrauen in politische Akteure und demokratische Institutionen. Für unsere Demokratie sind Basisarbeiter:innen jedoch in dreierlei Hinsicht unverzichtbar: gesellschaftlich, wirtschaftlich und politisch." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious Masculinities: Migrant Working Men’s Masculinities as Self-Exploitation in a Mediterranean Restaurant in Glasgow (2025)
Zitatform
Theodoropoulos, Panos & Sam Lawton-Westerland (2025): Precarious Masculinities: Migrant Working Men’s Masculinities as Self-Exploitation in a Mediterranean Restaurant in Glasgow. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 5, S. 1039-1058. DOI:10.1177/09500170251336990
Abstract
"Drawing on a covert ethnography of a Mediterranean restaurant in Glasgow, this article analyzes how practices characteristic of hegemonic masculinity are incorporated by male migrant workers in the process of crafting labor identities. Building on Connell’s framework of hegemonic masculinity, the researchers found that performances of masculinity operated in a way that, while allowing subjects to feel some degree of power, also ultimately reinforced the individualising pressures promoted by the labor process. It is therefore argued that hegemonic masculinity is critical in providing an avenue through which experiences of exploitation are naturalised by precarious labor workforces." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times (2025)
Zitatform
Warren, Tracey, Luis Torres, Clare Lyonette & Ruth Tarlo (2025): Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 96-113. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13147
Abstract
"The article focuses on the work of working-class women (WCW) amid turbulent times. Its timespan is just prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The women's work, and the key skills involved, are fundamental to everyday lives, but both have been under-valued and under-rewarded. The pandemic shone a fresh light on the societal importance of this work and highlighted how its under-valuation and the women's systemic low pay and inferior working conditions have serious ramifications not only for individual workers and their families but for the provision of key services. The article centres WCW, at the intersection of classed and gendered disadvantage, to ask about inequalities in work experiences. Analysing nationally representative samples of thousands of workers in the UK prior to and as Covid-19 rolled out, we compare WCW with other workers. We show that the women faced both persistent and new inequalities at work: enduring low earnings, pandemic-led risks to jobs and paid hours, little opportunity to work from home or flexibly, and stressful key working roles. We reveal the heavily classed nature of some of these findings, show that others were more strongly gendered, while still others were classed and gendered outcomes that require intersectional analyses of the women's working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wage Effects and Monopsony Explanations (2025)
Zitatform
Wiltshire, Justin, Carl McPherson, Michael Reich & Denis Sosinskiy (2025): Minimum Wage Effects and Monopsony Explanations. In: Journal of labor economics, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1086/735551
Abstract
"We present the first causal analysis of a seven-year run-up of minimum wages to $15. Using a novel stacked county-level synthetic control estimator and data on fast-food restaurants, we find substantial pay growth and no disemployment. Our results hold among lower-wage counties and counties without local minimum wages. Minimum wage increases reduce Separation rates and raise wages faster than prices at McDonald’s stores; both findings imply a monopsonistic labor market with declining rents. In the tight post-pandemic labor market, when laborsupply becomes more elastic, we find positive employment effects. These become larger and statistically significant after addressing pandemic-response confounds." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and insurance within the firm (2024)
Adamopoulou, Effrosyni; Manaresi, Francesco; Rachedi, Omar; Yurdagul, Emircan;Zitatform
Adamopoulou, Effrosyni, Francesco Manaresi, Omar Rachedi & Emircan Yurdagul (2024): Minimum wages and insurance within the firm. (ZEW discussion paper 24-021), Mannheim, 66 S.
Abstract
"Minimum wages generate an asymmetric pass-through of firm shocks across workers. We establish this result leveraging employer-employee data on Italian metalmanufacturing firms, which face different wage floors that vary within occupations. In response to negative firm productivity shocks, workers close to the wage floors experience higher job separations but no wage loss. However, the wage of high-paid workers decreases, and more so in firms with higher incidence of minimum wages. A neoclassical model with complementarities across workers with different skills rationalizes these findings. Our results uncover a novel channel that tilts the welfare gains of minimum wages toward low-paid workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Have low-paid jobs increased in the Swedish labor market? Defining low pay in the context of the Nordic model (2024)
Zitatform
Alfonsson, Johan, Tomas Berglund & Patrik Vulkan (2024): Have low-paid jobs increased in the Swedish labor market? Defining low pay in the context of the Nordic model. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 45, H. 4, S. 1090-1111. DOI:10.1177/0143831X231215597
Abstract
"Can the Nordic wage-setting model, where social partners decide wages through collective agreements, counteract a growing low-paid sector? This article tests four definitions of low-paid jobs to analyze whether this sector has grown for the period 2005–2020 in Sweden. Despite policy changes pointing towards growth, all definitions show a slight decrease in low-paid jobs over time. The authors argue that the industrial relations system, with the aim of keeping the industry wage increases in check to aid export competitiveness, also sets a uniform level wage that limits low-paid jobs. It is also found that low pay in the Swedish setting is partly a result of working less than full-time or having unstable employment, and service workers and those with low education are becoming increasingly common in this position." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The U.S. Low-Wage Structure: A McWage Comparison (2024)
Ashenfelter, Orley; Jurajda, Štepán;Zitatform
Ashenfelter, Orley & Štepán Jurajda (2024): The U.S. Low-Wage Structure: A McWage Comparison. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17142), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"Thanks to standardized work protocol and technology of McDonald's restaurants, the hourly wage of McDonald's Basic Crew enables wage comparisons under near-identical skill inputs and hedonic job conditions. McWages capture labor costs in entry-level jobs, while the Big Macs (earned) Per Hour (BMPH) index measures corresponding purchasing power of wages. We document large and growing geographical wage differences in standardized jobs using data covering most U.S. counties during 2016-2023. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no BMPH growth where minimum wages stayed constant, but the pandemic wage increase, which diminished the importance of minimum wages, was stronger in these areas." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In-work poverty in Western Europe. A longitudinal perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli & Stefani Scherer (2024): In-work poverty in Western Europe. A longitudinal perspective. In: European Societies, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 1232-1264. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2024.2307013
Abstract
"This study investigates levels and determinants of in-work poverty (IWP) in Western Europe using EU-SILC longitudinal data 2004-2019. We compared IWP risk and their dynamics across fourteen countries by examining individual labor market positions, household total labor supplies, and employment patterns. We further explored the social class gradient in exposure to IWP, as well as drivers and patterns of longitudinal accumulation of poverty. Relying on a single (standard) earner is often not enough to keep families out of poverty, confirming the importance of dual-earner household arrangements, even if they entail non-standard employment conditions for one partner. This holds particularly true for countries with high levels of IWP and for less privileged social and occupational groups across all contexts. Analyzing IWP inertia, we examined the interplay between genuine state dependence (GSD) and unobserved heterogeneity in the accumulation of economic disadvantage over time. Previous experiences with IWP can lead to future IWP for some, yet this causal effect appears rather small. Our findings have clear implications for the social stratification of risk and policies designed to combat poverty accumulation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bringing labour market flexibilization under control? Marginal work and collective regulation in the creative industries in the Netherlands (2024)
Zitatform
Been, Wike & Maarten Keune (2024): Bringing labour market flexibilization under control? Marginal work and collective regulation in the creative industries in the Netherlands. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 403-420. DOI:10.1177/09596801221127109
Abstract
"The cultural and creative industries (CCI) is a sector where the workforce is highly educated, yet precarious working conditions are prominent. Although flexible and marginal work is often treated as an overall feature of the sector, this study based on register data on all workers in the sector shows that processes of flexibilization and marginalization are highly divergent between its subsectors. In half of the CCI subsectors, some form of collectively bargained response to the ongoing flexibilization and marginalization has emerged. This first of all shows that creative workers do indeed not only care about expressing their creativity but also about their material working and living conditions. Also how employers’ organizations and trade unions respond to these developments by means of collective agreements varies. Where they disagree, concrete action is postponed. Where they align, either counteracting measures are included, or attempts are made to bridge the divide between employees and the self-employed to some extend in the collective agreement. By doing so, they counteract processes of dualization, paving the road for innovative approaches of industrial relations actors. Still, this counts only for part of the CCI as much of it remains not covered by collective agreements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter