Zitatform

Drescher, Susanne & Martin Brussig (2022): Regionaler Vergleich: Ältere in sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit. (Altersübergangs-Report / Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universität Duisburg-Essen 2022-03), Duisburg, 15 S.

Abstract

"Die Beschäftigungsquote der 55- bis unter 65-Jährigen in Deutschland lag 2021 bei 56,6 Prozent, die Arbeitslosenquote bei 6,1 Prozent. Ein Vergleich von Arbeitsmarktregionen zeigt jedoch ein differenzierteres Bild der Arbeitsmarktsituation von Älteren. Eine vergleichsweise niedrige Beschäftigung gibt es vor allem in den nordöstlichen und westlichen Regionen Deutschlands. Regionen im Osten, aber auch im Westen, sind von hoher Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen. Der Vergleich der 55- bis unter 65-Jährigen mit den 25- bis unter 55- Jährigen zeigt, dass sich die Arbeitsmarktsituation in manchen Regionen für beide Altersgruppen ähnelt. Es gibt aber auch Regionen, in denen die Indikatoren zur Erwerbsbeteiligung und Arbeitslosigkeit auf eine schlechtere Arbeitsmarktsituation für Ältere hindeuten. Besonders die 60- bis unter 65-Jährigen sind selten sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt und weisen gleichzeitig eine hohe Arbeitslosigkeit auf. Die regionalen Unterschiede bleiben bestehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Geyer, Johannes, Peter Haan, Svenja Lorenz, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): The role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 152-192. DOI:10.1111/irel.12293

Abstract

"This paper shows that labor demand plays an important role in the labor market reactions to a pension reform in Germany. Employers with a high share of older worker inflow compared with their younger worker inflow, employers in sectors with few investments in research and development, and employers in sectors with a high share of collective bargaining agreements allow their employees to stay employed longer after the reform. These employers offer their older employees partial retirement instead of forcing them into unemployment before early retirement because the older employees incur low substitution costs and high dismissal costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

Lorenz, Svenja, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): Beware of the employer: Financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old-age employment. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 21. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2021.100363

Abstract

"We show that a stepwise increase in the normal retirement age (NRA) by up to five years and the introduction of actuarial pension deductions for retirement before NRA was ineffective in prolonging employment of older men after early retirement age. We argue that the ineffectiveness of the German pension reform resulted from a change in employer behavior that was mainly induced by a recession during the implementation period of the pension reform. Employers seem to have nudged their employees to use a bridge option that was introduced with the pension reform (partial retirement) or a traditional bridge option (unemployment). These bridge options allowed an early retirement age (ERA) of 60 instead of the only alternative early retirement option with an ERA of 63. Bridge options therefore offered employers an opportunity to terminate employment considerably earlier and exert more influence over the employment exit age. We argue that without a change in employer behavior, neither using one of the bridge options nor the earlier employment exit would have been utility maximizing for the individuals affected by the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

Toczek, Lisa, Hans Bosma & Richard Peter (2022): Early retirement intentions: the impact of employment biographies, work stress and health among a baby-boomer generation. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 1479-1491. DOI:10.1007/s10433-022-00731-0

Abstract

"In recent years, early retirement decisions have become more frequent in the European Union despite political efforts to prevent early retirement. This is a growing problem for the social security system. The study focuses on a life course approach using employment biographies and investigates the influence of work stress and health on early retirement intentions. Data of employees who were born in either 1959 or 1965 of the German cohort study on work, age, health and work participation are analysed (n = 3338). By linking survey and register data from 1993 to 2011, a sequence analysis is conducted to identify employment biographies. To analyse the relationship between the employment biographies and intended early retirement, a longitudinal path analysis is computed and includes work stress, measured through effort-reward imbalance, and self-rated health. The statistical analyses identify three adverse employment biographies, i.e. part-time work, episodes of unemployment or marginal employment. In addition, two favourable employment biographies are determined, characterised by full-time work and few episodes of unemployment. The results of the path analysis show that employment biographies with high work-related stress have early retirement intentions. Among adverse employment biographies, indirect effects of poor health on the association between work stress and early retirement intentions are found. Unexpectedly, among full-time workers, work stress is also associated with early retirement intentions with an additional mediation through health. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the life course perspective when analysing retirement decisions. In addition to health-promoting interventions in the labour market, effects of psychosocial factors should be focussed on in order to reduce early exits from the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Werding, Martin (2022): Is a Pension Reform Needed in Germany? In: CESifo forum, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 58-62.

Abstract

"Germany is being hit relatively hard by demographic aging. The latest round of major pension reforms dates back to the period from 2001 to 2007. The last government tried to prepare a new reform, but failed to reach a consensus. The new coalition government is not pursuing these plans any further. This article describes the changes in existing rules that the coalition is nevertheless considering and discusses actual reform needs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Zwick, Thomas, Mona Bruns, Johannes Geyer & Svenja Lorenz (2022): Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100387

Abstract

"Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in employment. An important at-risk group comprises older employees who have worked in demanding jobs for many years. This group may be particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of employees in low- and high-demand jobs, we exploit the quasinatural experiment of a cohort-specific pension reform that increased the early retirement age for women from 60 to 63 years. Based on a large administrative dataset, we use a regression-discontinuity approach to estimate the labor market reactions. Surprisingly, we find the same relative employment increase of about 25% for treated women who were exposed to low and to high job demand. For older women in demanding jobs, we also do not find substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the abolished early retirement option required high labor market attachment. Thus, we argue that this eligibility rule induced a positive selection of healthy workers into early retirement. We propose alternative policies that protect workers exposed to high job demand better against the negative consequences of being unable to reach their statutory retirement age in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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Barschkett, Mara, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan & Anna Hammerschmid (2021): The Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age on Health. Evidence from Administrative Data. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1985), Berlin, 61 S.

Abstract

"This study analyzes the causal effect of an increase in the retirement age on health. We exploit a sizable cohort-specific pension reform for women using two complementary empirical approaches – a Regression Discontinuity Design and a Difference-in-Differences approach. The analysis is based on official records covering all individuals insured by the public health system in Germany and including all certified diagnoses by practitioners. This enables us to gain a detailed understanding of the multi-dimensionality in these health effects. The empirical findings reflect the multidimensionality but allow for deriving two broader conclusions. We provide evidence that the increase in the retirement age negatively affects health outcomes as the prevalence of several diagnoses, e.g., mental health, musculoskeletal diseases, and obesity, increases. In contrast, we do not find support for an improvement in health related to a prolonged working life since there is no significant evidence for a reduction in the prevalence of any health outcome we consider. These findings hold for both identification strategies, are robust to sensitivity checks, and do not change when correcting for multiple hypothesis testing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Börsch-Supan, Axel, Felizia Hanemann, Brian Beach, Didier Halimi, Susana Harding, Marieke van der Waal, Daisuke Watanabe & Ursula M. Staudinger (2021): Older adults' integration in the labour market: a global view. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 41, H. 4, S. 917-935. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X19001454

Abstract

"What governs labour force participation in later life and why is it so different across countries? Health and labour force participation in older ages are not strongly linked, but we observe a large variation across countries in old-age labour force participation. This points to the important role of country-specific regulations governing pension receipt and old-age labour force participation. In addition to the statutory eligibility age for a pension, such country-specific regulations include: earnings tests that limit the amount of earnings when pension benefits are received; the amount of benefit deductions for early retirement; the availability of part-time pensions before normal retirement; special regulations that permit early retirement for certain population groups; and either subsidies or extra costs for employers if they keep older employees in their labour force. This paper asks two questions: Can we link a relatively low labour force participation at ages 60–64 to country-specific regulations that make early retirement attractive? and Can we link a relatively high labour force participation at ages 65–74 to country-specific regulations that make late retirement attractive? To answer these questions, we compared the experiences in a set of developed countries around the world in order to understand better the impact of country-specific rules and laws on work and retirement behaviour at older ages and, by consequence, on the financial sustainability of pension systems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Eckrote-Nordland, Marissa Dae (2021): Three Essays in Labor Economics. Michigan, 86 S. DOI:10.25335/ks2e-de95

Abstract

"This dissertation is comprised of three chapters analyzing how establishments react to increases in pensionable age. Chapter 1: Understanding the Impact of Postponed Retirements on the Hiring Decisions of Firms The solvency of public pension systems in countries with pay-as-you-go pension schemes have led many of these countries to adopt changes in the age of eligibility for full-benefits. One such country is Germany who implemented a change in their pensionable age in a major reform enacted in 1992. There have been multiple studies that have looked at the effectiveness of this reform in terms of older workers delaying their retirements. However, less is known about how firms have reacted to these changes and if these changes in policy have caused firms to change their hiring behavior. Using administrative linked employer-employee data I exploit pre-policy variation in worker age distributions to serve as a source of identification for studying how employers reacted in-terms-of hiring behavior. I find that firms that had a higher share of older workers, and thus were impacted more by the change in pensionable age, decreased their hiring. For a one percentage-point increase in the share of workers who are predicted to have retired under the old pension system the share of workers that are new hires decreases by 0.324 percentage points. This is a 2.16% decrease at the mean. When smaller age bins are studied, I find that this negative impact is found for those aged under 25 and those age 25-34. In contrast there is a positive impact on individuals age 45-54, 55-64, and over 65. When looking at contract types there is an over 7% decrease in the hires of trainees and an over 10% increase in the hires of workers on partial retirement contracts. Chapter 2: Effect of Postponed Retirements on Wage Growth of Younger Workers (with Peter Berg, Mary Hamman, Daniela Hochfellner, Matthew M. Piszczek and Christopher Ruhm) This paper uses linked-employer-employee data to examine the effects of postponed retirements on the wage progression of younger workers within establishments. A German pension reform is the source of identification. We find no evidence of slower wage growth. Instead we find faster wage growth, especially among workers aged 41 to 57. We cannot rule out separations as a mechanism, but patterns in estimates by age and tenure are not consistent with layoffs. Instead, we find evidence of less frequent promotions and we interpret the wage findings as consistent with compensating wage differentials for postponed promotions Chapter 3: Pension Reforms and their Implications for Establishment Downsizing (with Peter Berg, Mary Hamman, Daniela Hochfellner, Matthew M. Piszczek and Christopher Ruhm) While the empirical literature on the effects of pension reform on workers is broad, less is known about the impact on employers. Yet reforms that create incentives to postpone retirement may have extensive effects on employer labor demand and labor costs, especially in settings where there are strict legal protections against age discrimination in employment. Although public pension system reforms generally are structured to treat all workers within the same birth cohort similarly, the impact on employers may vary substantially due to differences in the age composition of their employees. Using this variation as a source of identification, we examine whether the differential impact of pension reform leads to differences in the incidence of workforce downsizing, a sign of possible financial distress. To ensure estimates are not biased due to attrition, we also model associations between the impact of pension reform and establishment closures and find no association. Results for downsizing consistently show establishments with a higher share of older workers are more likely to experience downsizing. When we segment workers within establishments by age, the absolute changes in downsizing probabilities are highest for younger workers. Preliminary results indicate works councils may increase the risk of downsizing for older workers and protect employment for young and prime workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Geyer, Johannes, Svenja Lorenz, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2021): Early Retirement of Employees in Demanding Jobs: Evidence from a German Pension Reform. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1978), Berlin, 46 S.

Abstract

"Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in employment. An important at-risk group comprises employees who have worked in demanding jobs for many years. This group may be particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of employees in low- and high-demand jobs, we exploit the quasi-natural experiment of a cohort-specific pension reform that increased the early retirement age for women from 60 to 63 years. Based on a large administrative dataset, we use a regression-discontinuity approach to estimate the labor market reactions. Surprisingly, we find the same relative employment increase of about 25% for treated women who were exposed to low and to high job demand. For older women in demanding jobs, we do not find substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the pension for women required high labor market attachment; thus, we argue that this eligibility rule induced the positive selection of healthy workers into early retirement. We propose alternative policies that protect workers exposed to high job demand better against the negative consequences of being unable to reach their statutory retirement age in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Gornick, Janet & Eva Sierminska (2021): Wealth Accumulation and Retirement Preparedness in Cross-National Perspective: A Gendered Analysis of Outcomes among Single Adults. (IZA policy paper 181), Bonn, 30 S.

Abstract

"Wealth is an increasingly important dimension of economic well-being and is attracting rising attention in discussions of social inequality. In this paper, we compare – within and across countries – wealth outcomes, and link those to both employment-related factors and policy solutions that have the potential to improve wealth creation and retirement security for women. By constructing country-specific portraits of wealth outcomes and "retirement preparedness," we reveal extensive cross-national variation in multiple facets of wealth. Our regression analysis finds a statistically significant and positive effect of work experience on wealth, with that effect, in general, increasing over time. The effect of work experience for single women is greater than for single men, suggesting that, among men, other, stronger forces are at work in creating wealth. The retirement preparedness outcomes indicate that single women in all three countries are in a precarious position at retirement, with much lower expected annual wealth levels than single men. The second preparedness indicator, which links expected annual wealth to income, demonstrates that men have the potential to cover 1larger shares of their income at retirement – and thus are more able, than their female counterparts, to maintain standards of living achieved earlier in life. Our policy discussion indicates that employment remains a viable option for ultimately bolstering women's wealth accumulation. Many scholars, gender equality advocates, and policymakers have argued for raising women's employment rates – for a multitude of reasons – but few, if any, have made the case for strengthening women's employment in order to ultimately bolster women's wealth building. We hope to help reduce the gap in the literature on policy supports for women's employment and re-open the discussion on how women can create more wealth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Klaus, Sebastian, Alexander Meschnig & Ernst von Kardorff (2021): Wege psychisch beeinträchtigter Menschen in die Erwerbsminderungsrente und Rückkehrperspektiven in Arbeit. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 46-65.

Abstract

"Die Zunahme der Zugänge zu Erwerbsminderungsrenten (EMR) wegen einer psychischen Beeinträchtigung ist für Rentenversicherungsträger eine versorgungspolitische und fachliche Herausforderung. Bislang ist nur wenig über die biografischen Entwicklungsgeschichten bis hin zur Beantragung einer EMR wegen psychischer Beeinträchtigungen bekannt. Das gilt auch für den Einfluss des EMR-Bezugs auf die Gestaltung der neuen Lebenssituation und die Motivation zur Rückkehr auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt. Die Ergebnisse des von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund von 2017 bis 2020 geförderten Forschungsprojekts "WEMRE" weisen darauf hin, dass, trotz der Heterogenität der biografischen Entwicklungsgeschichten, drei charakteristische Verlaufsformen in die EMR wegen psychischer Beeinträchtigungen vorzufinden sind. Weiter dokumentieren die Ergebnisse verschiedene Reaktionsmuster auf den EMR-Bezug, zu denen auch eine berufliche Neuorientierung zählt, welche mit einer gezielten Unterstützung aufgegriffen und darüber die Rückkehrquote auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt positiv beeinflusst werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Kuhn, Ursina, Markus M. Grabka & Christian Suter (2021): Early retirement as a privilege for the rich? A comparative analysis of Germany and Switzerland. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 47. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100392

Zitatform

Pimpertz, Jochen (2021): Höhere Regelaltersgrenze: 68 reicht nicht. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2021,34), Köln, 3 S.

Abstract

"Mit der fortschreitenden Bevölkerungsalterung muss der Beitragssatz zur gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung steigen - trotz sinkendem Rentenniveau und auch nach 2031, dem Anfangsjahr der „Rente mit 67“. Mit einer fortgesetzten Anhebung der Regelaltersgrenze bis auf 70 Jahre ab 2052 ließe sich der Beitragssatzanstieg aber bremsen und gleichzeitig das Sicherungsniveau stabilisieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Schmidthuber, Lisa, Charlotte Fechter, Heike Schröder & Moritz Hess (2021): Active ageing policies and delaying retirement: comparing work-retirement transitions in Austria and Germany. In: Journal of international and comparative social policy, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 176-193. DOI:10.1017/ics.2021.1

Abstract

"We investigate how labour market and pension measures associated with active ageing influence retirement behaviour in Austria and Germany. We focus on two conservative welfare states and evaluate how individuals respond to comparable pension scheme changes. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, findings point to increasing average actual retirement ages in both countries. Early retirement becomes less important while working until pension age has gained in significance. In particular, findings point towards greater de-standardisation of retirement transitions, though to a different extent across the two countries. Whereas gender differences are still prevalent in Austria, in line with traditional conservative welfare state characteristics, we find that Germany exhibits lower gender differences, but instead displays stronger inequalities between education groups. We argue that social risks emerge in Germany that are usually found in liberal welfare states. We suggest that this trend is reinforced by retirement policies that focus on “pushing” individuals out of employment. This study contributes to the understanding of how individuals respond to national policy incentives when making retirement transitions." (Author's abstract, © Cambridge University Press) ((en))

Zitatform

Schrader, Rebecca (2021): The causal effect of partial retirement on older workers' labor force participation. (BGPE discussion paper 215), Nürnberg, 54 S.

Abstract

"In this study, I investigate the effect of partial retirement at the firm level on older workers' labor participation. Thereby, I contribute to the controversial debate about the effects of partial retirement. Using detailed administrative employer-employee data from Germany, I exploit the introduction of partial retirement options in Germany related to the law on PR of 1996 within a difference-in-differences framework. My results show that older workers' labor participation responds to the introduction of partial retirement and reveals substantial effect heterogeneities with regard to the specific partial retirement arrangement. Overall, I find evidence that partial retirement has the potential to extend older Workers' labor participation and thereby to serve as an instrument to lower the financial burden of governments struggling with the economic costs of demographic aging." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Schäfer, Ingo (2021): Die Teilhabe muss an erster Stelle stehen. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 70, H. 5, S. 176-179.

Abstract

"In Deutschland beziehen rund 1,8 Millionen Menschen einer Rente wegen einer Erwerbsminderung. Viele von Ihnen haben wenig Chancen, auf dem Arbeitsmarkt wieder Fuß zu fassen. Das muss sich ändern. Der Fokus beim Nachdenken über die (Re-)Integration muss neu justiert werden: weg von reinen Effizienzkriterien, hin zu Fragen der Prävention und gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Stecker, Christina (2021): Innovative Modellvorhaben der Rentenversicherungsträger im ersten Förderaufruf des Bundesprogramms „rehapro“. In: Deutsche Rentenversicherung, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 16-45.

Abstract

"Mit der Alterung der Bevölkerung nimmt die Zahl von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen und Behinderungen zu. Auch um die Erwerbsfähigkeit und damit den Verbleib von Menschen mit chronischer Erkrankung und (drohender) Behinderung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu sichern, fördert das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales mit dem Bundesprogramm „Innovative Wege zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben – rehapro“ in den Rechtskreisen der Rentenversicherung und der Jobcenter. Im Rahmen des ersten Förderaufrufs haben sich die Träger der Deutschen Rentenversicherung mit 30 Modellvorhaben beteiligt, um innovative Maßnahmen von der Prävention über die Nachsorge bis zur (Wieder-)Eingliederung zu erproben. Für den Rechtskreis der Rentenversicherung (SGB VI) steht ein Volumen von 500 Millionen Euro in bis zu drei Förderaufrufen zur Verfügung. Die begleitende Wirkungsforschung soll neben einer allgemeinen Wirkungsanalyse des Bundesprogramms insbesondere zielführende Ansätze und Herangehensweisen für die Weiterentwicklung der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe erarbeiten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Walwei, Ulrich & Jürgen Deller (2021): Labor Market Participation of Older Workers in International Comparison. (IAB-Discussion Paper 16/2021), Nürnberg, 26 S.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive mit Treibern und Hemmnissen der Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Älteren. Der Fokus der Studie richtet sich auf Länderbeispiele, die prototypisch für bestimmte Kontexte stehen. Ausgehend von unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen am Arbeitsmarkt und wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Regulierungen in Europa und benachbarten Ländern wurden mit Deutschland, Israel, Italien und Schweden vier Länder ausgewählt, in denen der Entwicklung und Situation älterer Beschäftigter am Arbeitsmarkt nachgegangen wird. Jedes der ausgewählten Länder steht für eine spezifische Konstellation, sei es, dass eine Trendwende erreicht wurde, ein langfristig hoher Beschäftigungsstand realisiert werden konnte oder anhaltende Probleme zu beobachten sind. Die Fallbeispiele befassen sich u.a. mit rentenpolitischen Reformen sowie arbeitsmarktpolitischen Ansätzen zum Management alternder Belegschaften. Sie zeigen, dass es keinen Königsweg zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktsituation Älterer gibt. Unabhängig von staatlichen Politiken kommt der Entwicklung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit über den Lebenszyklus große Bedeutung bei. Mit Blick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen sind geeignete betriebliche Praktiken für das Management alternder Belegschaften unverzichtbar. Entscheidend sind dabei insbesondere Initiativen, die auf ein lebenslanges Lernen und ein gesundes Arbeitsumfeld zielen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Weber, Enzo (2021): Die Zwangsrente ist ungerecht. Gastbeitrag. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung H. 04.10.2021, o. Sz., 2021-09-07.

Abstract

"Über die Krise hat die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit deutlich zugenommen, und damit nehmen auch Fälle zu, in denen die Situation verpflichtender Frühverrentung eintreten könnte. Gleichzeitig sinkt seit vergangenem Jahr das Erwerbspersonenpotenzial in Deutschland. Unfreiwillige Renteneintritte würden da denkbar schlecht ins Bild passen. Die vorgeschlagene Reform bietet die Möglichkeit, die Zwangsrente ohne unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen aus der Welt zu schaffen. Diese Chance sollte die Politik im Zuge einer Neugestaltung des Grundsicherungssystems ergreifen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)