Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
-
Literaturhinweis
Mehr als nur staatliche Kinderbetreuung: Optionserweiterungen und Geschlechterrollen in der aktuellen dänischen Familienpolitik (2004)
Linke Sonderegger, Marion;Zitatform
Linke Sonderegger, Marion (2004): Mehr als nur staatliche Kinderbetreuung. Optionserweiterungen und Geschlechterrollen in der aktuellen dänischen Familienpolitik. (ZeS-Arbeitspapier 2004/07), Bremen, 32 S.
Abstract
"Dänemark gilt als ein Land, in welchem die traditionellen Rollenverteilungen hinsichtlich Familie und Beruf aufgebrochen sind. Doch ist dies tatsächlich so? Mit Hilfe des Theoriekonzepts 'Individual Model' von Sainsbury wird die dänische Familienpolitik anhand ihrer gesetzlichen Regelungen sowie deren Umsetzungen hinsichtlich ihres Grades der Individualisierung und ihrer damit verbundenen Geschlechterneutralität überprüft. Darüber hinaus wird das Spannungsfeld zwischen Arbeitszwang und Rückzugsmöglichkeiten für Mütter vom dänischen Arbeitsmarkt untersucht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Lifestyle preferences versus patriarchal values: causal and non-causal attitudes (2003)
Hakim, Catherine;Zitatform
Hakim, Catherine (2003): Lifestyle preferences versus patriarchal values. Causal and non-causal attitudes. In: Changing life patterns in Western industrial societies, Jg. 8, S. 69-91. DOI:10.1016/S1040-2608(03)08004-3
Abstract
"There is solid evidence, from longitudinal studies such as the NLS and PSID, of the significant long-term impact of values and life goals on occupational attainment and earnings. So far, these findings have not been incorporated into sociological and economic theory. Preference theory does this, identifying the social and economic context in which values and attitudes can become important predictors of women's (and men's) behaviour. A theoretical and methodological distinction between causal and non-causal attitudes and values is made, illustrated by data on lifestyle preferences and patriarchal values from comparative surveys in Britain and Spain. The results show that lifestyle preferences have a major impact on women's choices between family work and employment, whereas patriarchal values are only tenuously linked to behaviour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Interactions between care-giving and paid work hours among European midlife women, 1994 to 1996 (2003)
Spiess, Katharina; Schneider, A. Ulrike;Zitatform
Spiess, Katharina & A. Ulrike Schneider (2003): Interactions between care-giving and paid work hours among European midlife women, 1994 to 1996. In: Ageing and society, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 41-68. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X02001010
Abstract
"This paper uses data from the European Community Household Panel surveys of 1994 and 1996 to study the association between changes in care-giving and changes in weekly work hours. Our sample comprises women aged 45 - 59 years who participated in the labour force in at least one of the two years studied. Controlling for country variation, we find significant relationships between starting or increasing informal care-giving and changes in weekly work hours. No such association is found however among women terminating a care-giving commitment or reducing their care hours. Starting care-giving significantly reduces work hours for women in northern European countries (except Ireland). By contrast, women in southern Europe and Ireland respond to an increase in care-giving hours by a smaller increase or a higher decrease in work hours than non care-givers. In summary, our results show that the impact of care-giving on adjustments of weekly work hours is asymmetrical and that it differs in southern and northern Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Does religion influence the labour supply of married women in Germany? (2002)
Zitatform
Heineck, Guido (2002): Does religion influence the labour supply of married women in Germany? (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 278), Berlin, 26 S.
Abstract
"On behavioural theory basis, this article analyses whether religion influences married women in Germany in their decision to supply labour. Gender roles and accompanying attitudes toward the appropriate division of labour among spouses might differ across religious groups depending on the groups┐ strictness. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and applying both cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis techniques the findings from the estimated reduced form participation equations suggest that denominational affiliation itself only weakly influences a woman┐s decision whether to work or not. However, women who attach importance to faith in their lives tend to work less than women without a strong conviction. Furthermore, taking into account the family background of individuals and supposing that employment decisions are bargained over among household members, there is evidence that the existence of a spouse with a strong conviction also affects a woman┐s supply of labour negatively." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Women and men at work (2002)
Zitatform
Padavic, Irene & Barbara Reskin (2002): Women and men at work. (Sociology for a new century), Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press, 217 S.
Abstract
"The Second Edition of this best selling book provides a comprehensive examination of the role that gender plays in work environments. This book differs from others by comparing women's and men's work status, addressing contemporary issues within a historical perspective, incorporating comparative material from other countries, recognizing differences in the experiences of women and men from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Relying on both qualitative and quantitative data, the authors seek to link social scientific ideas about workers' lives, sex inequality, and gender to the real-world workplace. This new edition contains updated statistics, timely cartoons, and presents new scholarship in the field. It also provides a renewed focus on reasons for variability in inequality across workplaces. In sum, the second edition of Women and Men at Work presents a contemporary perspective to the field, with relevant comparative and historical insights that will draw readers in and connect them to the wider concern of making sense of our dramatically changing world." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The child care problem: an economic analysis (2001)
Zitatform
Blau, David M. (2001): The child care problem. An economic analysis. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 266 S.
Abstract
"The child care system in the United States is widely criticized, yet the underlying structural problems are difficult to pin down. In The Child Care Problem, David M. Blau sets aside the often emotional terms of the debate and applies a rigorous economic analysis to the state of the child care system in this country, arriving at a surprising diagnosis of the root of the problem. Blau approaches child care as a service that is bought and sold in markets, addressing such questions as: What kinds of child care are available? Is good care really hard to find? How do costs affect the services families choose? Why are child care workers underpaid relative to other professions? He finds that the child care market functions much better than is commonly believed. The supply of providers has kept pace with the number of mothers entering the workforce, and costs remain relatively modest. Yet most families place a relatively low value on high-quality child care, and are unwilling to pay more for better care. Blau sees this lack of demand - rather than the market's inadequate supply - as the cause of the nation's child care dilemma. The Child Care Problem also faults government welfare policies - which treat child care subsidies mainly as a means to increase employment of mothers, but set no standards regarding the quality of child care their subsidies can purchase. Blau trains an economic lens on research by child psychologists, evaluating the evidence that the day care environment has a genuine impact on early development. The failure of families and government to place a priority on improving such critical conditions for their children provides a compelling reason to advocate change. The Child Care Problem concludes with a balanced proposal for reform. Blau outlines a systematic effort to provide families of all incomes with the information they need to make more prudent decisions. And he suggests specific revisions to welfare policy, including both an allowance to defray the expenses of families with children, and a child care voucher that is worth more when used for higher quality care. The Child Care Problem provides a straightforward evaluation of the many contradictory claims about the problems with child care, and lays out a reasoned blueprint for reform which will help guide both social scientists and non-academics alike toward improving the quality of child care in this country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Does part-time and intermittent work during early motherhood lead to regular work later?: a comparison of labor market behavior of mothers with young children in Germany, Britain, The Netherlands, and Sweden (2001)
Gustafsson, Siv; Wetzels, Cecile; Kenjoh, Eiko;Zitatform
Gustafsson, Siv, Eiko Kenjoh & Cecile Wetzels (2001): Does part-time and intermittent work during early motherhood lead to regular work later? A comparison of labor market behavior of mothers with young children in Germany, Britain, The Netherlands, and Sweden. In: Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, Jg. 70, H. 1, S. 15-23.
Abstract
Unter Verwendung vorliegender britischer, deutscher, schwedischer und niederländischer Daten wird untersucht, ob Teilzeitarbeit oder eine Erwerbsunterbrechung während der frühen Mutterschaft später zu Vollzeitarbeit führt. Es wird festgestellt, dass in Schweden zu dem Zeitpunkt, an dem das erste Kind vier Jahre alt ist, 80 Prozent der Mütter Vollzeit arbeiten, wenn eine Arbeitszeit von mindestens 25 Stunden als Vollzeitarbeit definiert wird, aber nur 30 Prozent 35 Stunden und mehr arbeiten. Diese Ergebnisse stehen im Widerspruch zum Erwerbsverhalten der Mütter in den anderen drei Ländern und wird als Effekt einer frauenfreundlichen Politik gedeutet. Weiter zeigt sich, dass in Schweden nicht so viele der Mütter im öffentlichen Dienst beschäftigt sind wie in den anderen Ländern. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
Gender and the labour market: econometric evidence of obstacles to achieving gender equality (2000)
Gustafsson, Siv S.; Jepsen, Maria; Joshi, Heather ; Meulders, Daniele E.; Joy, Lois; Battu, Harminder ; Killingsworth, Mark; Cifre, Concha Salvador; Lilja, Reija; Dale-Olsen, Harald ; Maruani, Margaret; Dekker, Ronals; Meulders, Daniele E.; Freeman, Richard B. ; Muffels, Ruud ; Gustafsson, Silv S.; Oaxaca, Ronald L. ; Barth, Erling ; Peronaci, Romana; Clement, David; Seaman, Paul T.; Fernandez, Amadeo Fuenmayor; Sloane, Peter J.; Witzels, Cecile; Smith, Nina ; Davies, Hugh; Sofer, Catherine; Büchel, Felix; Stancanelli, Elena ; Gupta, Nabanita Datta ; Terraz, Isabelle ;Zitatform
Gustafsson, Siv S. & Daniele E. Meulders (Hrsg.) (2000): Gender and the labour market. Econometric evidence of obstacles to achieving gender equality. (Applied econometrics association), Basingstoke: Macmillan, 336 S.
Abstract
"The purpose of Gender and the Labour Market is to analyze the remaining obstacles in achieving gender equality. The first chapters present different aspects of the gender earnings gap. Different counteries are studied and special emphasis is made on particular sectors and occupations. The next chapters deal with the postponement of first birth by educated women, the non-cooperative behavior in time use, gender differences in job and working mobility, transitions between employment status, discriminations contained in tax systems and poverty rates of single parent households." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Full time or part time?: German parental leave policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany (1999)
Ondrich, J.; Spiess, C. K.; Wagner, G. G.; Yang, Q.;Zitatform
Ondrich, J., C. K. Spiess, Q. Yang & G. G. Wagner (1999): Full time or part time? German parental leave policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany. In: (1999): Research in labor economics, 18, S. 41-74. DOI:10.1016/S0147-9121(99)18019-1
Abstract
Elternurlaub mit entsprechenden Sozialleistungen sind ein politisches Instrument, um vor allem Frauen die dauerhafte Einbindung in die Erwerbsbevölkerung zu ermöglichen. Ohne derartige Leistungen besteht die Gefahr, dass sich Mütter gänzlich vom Arbeitsmarkt zurückziehen. Auf der anderen Seite geht der Kündigungsschutz während des Elternurlaubs zu Lasten der Arbeitsmarktflexibilität und die Arbeitgeberanteile an den Sozialleistungen erhöhen die Arbeitskosten. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die einschlägigen politischen Maßnahmen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland der letzten zehn Jahre und untersucht auf der Grundlage eines theoretischen Modells und mit ökonometrischen Methoden wie sich die Dauer der Inanspruchnahme von Elternurlaub und auch die zwischenzeitliche Wiederbesetzung des Arbeitsplatzes auf die Rückkehr in das Erwerbsleben auswirken. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Auswirkungen für ehemalige Teilzeitangestellte bei der Rückkehr ins Arbeitsleben gering sind. Für vor dem Elternurlaub vollzeiterwerbstätige Mütter hingegen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit groß, dass sie für eine Teilzeittätigkeit in den Beruf zurückkehren. Damit ist sowohl den Eltern gedient, für die es einfacher ist, eine Halbtags- als eine Ganztagsbetreuung für Kinder zu organisieren, als dem Arbeitgeber, der die Stelle zwischenzeitlich besetzt hat und bei einer Rückkehr in eine Teilzeitbeschäftigung eine übermäßige Personlausweitung vermeidet. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
The Effect of Children on Women's Wages (1997)
Zitatform
Waldfogel, Jane (1997): The Effect of Children on Women's Wages. In: American Sociological Review, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 209-217.
Abstract
Mit Hilfe der Daten des 1968-1988 National Longitudinal Survey werden die Ursachen für Lohnunterschiede zwischen amerikanischen Müttern und kinderlosen Frauen untersucht, die nicht nur auf unterschiedlich lange Berufserfahrung zurückzuführen sind. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
Returning to work after childbirth: opportunities and inequalities (1993)
MacRae, Susan;Zitatform
MacRae, Susan (1993): Returning to work after childbirth. Opportunities and inequalities. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 9, H. 2, S. 125-138.
Abstract
Der Beitrag untersucht die Unterschiede in den beruflichen Reintegrationsverläufen von Frauen die innerhalb von acht bis neun Monaten nach der Geburt ihres Kindes wieder auf dem Arbeitsmarkt auftreten. Die Untersuchung basiert auf einer schriftlichen Befragung von 7 600 Frauen (Rücklaufquote: 66%) in Großbritannien, die zwischen Dezember 1987 und Januar 1988 im Mutterschaftsurlaub waren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Integrationserfolg nachhaltig von den Faktoren Erwerbsstatus, Schichtzugehörigkeit und Erwerbsmotivation geprägt wird. (IAB)
-
Literaturhinweis
Social security and changing family structures (1992)
Duskin, Elizabeth; Goodman, Catherine; Cantillon, Bea ; Stanton, David I.; Austin, Michael J.; Apt, Nana Araba; Bradshaw, Jonathan; Herscovitch, Andrew; Thave, Suzanne; Hohnerlein, Eva-Maria; Buysse, Anne-Marie; Kroupova, Alena; Barbier, Jean-Claude; Millar, Jane ;Zitatform
Duskin, Elizabeth, Catherine Goodman, Bea Cantillon, David I. Stanton, Michael J. Austin, Nana Araba Apt, Jonathan Bradshaw, Andrew Herscovitch, Suzanne Thave, Eva-Maria Hohnerlein, Anne-Marie Buysse, Alena Kroupova, Jean-Claude Barbier & Jane Millar (sonst. bet. Pers.) (1992): Social security and changing family structures. (International Social Security Association. Studies and research 29), Geneva, 228 S.
Abstract
"Social security has often been criticised on the ground that, having been conceived in a period and for a society in which the family represented a stable institution, the man providing the means of subsistence for his dependents and the woman looking after the household chores and the children, it has failed to adapt itself to the real situation of today's families. However justified this criticism may be in some cases and countries, it overlooks the many measures adopted by social security schemes during the past twenty or twenty-five years to meet new needs and adjust to the new situations created by the recent changes in family structures. This book attempts to analyse the repercussions for social security of the advent of new family models, in particular one-parent families, and of the changes in the functions of the family in society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The Role of World War II in the Rise of Women's Employment (1991)
Zitatform
Goldin, Claudia (1991): The Role of World War II in the Rise of Women's Employment. In: The American economic review, Jg. 81, H. 4, S. 741-756.
Abstract
"The 1940's were a turning point in married women's labor-force participation, leading many to credit World War II with spurring economic and social change. This paper uses two retrospective surveys, from 1944 and 1951, to show that half of all married women employed in 1950 were working in 1940, and more than half of the decade's new entrants joined after the war. Of all wartime entrants, the majority exited after 1944 but before 1950. The war had several significant indirect impacts on women's employment, but its direct influence appears to have been more modest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
For what it's worth: organizations, occupations, and the value of work done by women and nonwhites (1990)
Baron, James N.; Newman, Andrew E.;Zitatform
Baron, James N. & Andrew E. Newman (1990): For what it's worth. Organizations, occupations, and the value of work done by women and nonwhites. In: American Sociological Review, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 155-175. DOI:10.2307/2095624
Abstract
"Economic penalties against jobs employing disproportionate numbers of women or nonwhites vary across organizational context and occupational type. Analyses of prescribed pay rates for jobs in the California state civil service in 1985 suggest that work done disproportionately by women and nonwhites is devalued most in positions that are older, not represented by activist unions, have ambiguous performance criteria, or are most generic across organizational settings. We conclude that the extent of ascription depends on propensities toward devaluation in a given setting, prospects for collective action by disadvantaged groups, and the organizational costs and benefits (economic and otherwise) of recalibrating job worth to achieve pay equity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Maximum Hours Legislation and Female Employment in the 1920s: A Reasse ssment (1986)
Zitatform
Goldin, Claudia (1986): Maximum Hours Legislation and Female Employment in the 1920s: A Reasse ssment. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 1949), Cambridge, Mass, 27 S.
Abstract
"The causes and consequences of state maximum hours laws for female workers, passed from the mid-1800s to the 1920s, are explored and are found to differ from a recent reinterpretation. Although maximum hours legislation reduced scheduled hours in 1920, the impact was minimal and it operated equally for men. Legislation affecting only women was symptomatic of a general desire by labor for lower hours, and these lower hours were achieved in the tight, and otherwise special, World War I labor market -- hours of work declined substantially for most workers in the second decade of this century. Most importantly, the restrictiveness of the legislation had no effect on the employment share of women in manufacturing. The legislation was, on the contrary, associated with a positive impact on the employment share of women in sales (another covered sector). Finally, labor force participation rates of women across cities during the 1920s were strongly and negatively correlated with shorter hours of work per day, consistent with one time-series explanation for the increase in female market work. These results are consistent with a labor market model in which scheduled hours of work per day are negatively related to days worked per week, and that assumption is justified using previously untapped data on actual hours, scheduled hours, and days worked for women in the covered sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social security provisions in case of divorce: report of a round table meeting (Geneva, 29 June - 1 July 1977) (1978)
Cockburn, Christine; Chester, Robert; Ciffin, Shirley; Aström, Lars-Ake; Marziale, Franco; Bouquet, Rolande; Graniewska, Danuta; Berger, Alfons; Hoskins, Dalmer; O'Neil, Maureen; Kaltenbach, Helmut;Zitatform
Cockburn, Christine, Robert Chester, Shirley Ciffin, Lars-Ake Aström, Franco Marziale, Rolande Bouquet, Danuta Graniewska, Alfons Berger, Dalmer Hoskins, Maureen O'Neil & Helmut Kaltenbach (sonst. bet. Pers.) (1978): Social security provisions in case of divorce. Report of a round table meeting (Geneva, 29 June - 1 July 1977). (International Social Security Association. Studies and research 11), Geneva, 111 S.
Abstract
"In 1974 the ISSA undertook among a number of its member institutions an inquiry into social security and divorce. This study showed that while many social security systems were responding to the problems which arise, particularly for women, on the dissolution of the marriage, there still existed gaps and inconsistencies in the treatment of divorced persons. It was therefore to provide for further study of the problems of income security arising on divorce that the Round Table Meeting was organised. In more explicit terms, the purpose of the meeting was seen as threefold:
1) to analyse the administrative problems and policy issues faced by social security institutions as a result of rising rates of divorce and the marked trend toward more liberal divorce laws;
2) to compare and exchange information on current social security provisions for divorced persons; and
3) to dicuss any proposed changes which would affect the treatment of divorced persons and their dependants under national social security systems." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug