Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Heterogeneous firms and imperfect substitution: the productivity effect of migrants (2013)
Haas, Anette; Lucht, Michael;Zitatform
Haas, Anette & Michael Lucht (2013): Heterogeneous firms and imperfect substitution. The productivity effect of migrants. (Norface migration discussion paper 2013-19), London, 16 S.
Abstract
"To examine the impact of migrants on the average firm productivity, wages and welfare we construct a general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition a la Melitz (2003) considering heterogeneous firms with different productivity levels and imperfect substitutability between migrants and natives. This gives rise to wage differences between natives and migrants. As a consequence firms with a higher share of migrants realize wage cost advantages. The heterogeneous distribution of migrants in our model might foster regional disparities. In the long run equilibrium it depends on the migrant share, which kind of firms survive in the market. Above a certain migrant share only those firms stay in the market which are highly productive or are able to compensate a lower productivity level by wage cost advantages. By modeling this process, we show that a higher migrant share may explain a higher average productivity in a region. Though the relative wages of natives to migrants increase in the migrant share, in contrast the welfare effects for natives are ambiguous: it might be the case that in a region with a higher migrant share the welfare of a native can be lower compared to a worker in a region of the same size with lower migrant share." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Haas, Anette; -
Literaturhinweis
Source country characteristics and immigrants' optimal migration duration decision (2013)
Zitatform
Kırdar, Murat G. (2013): Source country characteristics and immigrants' optimal migration duration decision. In: IZA journal of migration, Jg. 2, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1186/2193-9039-2-8
Abstract
"This paper examines how immigrants' optimal migration duration in the host country responds to the purchasing power parity (ppp) and relative wages between the host and source countries. A theoretical model of joint migration duration and saving decisions reveals that the optimal migration duration decreases in ppp unless the elasticity of intertemporal substitution of consumption is well above typical estimated values for this parameter. In fact, empirical results from immigrants in Germany reveal that optimal migration duration decreases in ppp. The empirical findings also imply that -- holding individual immigrant characteristics constant -- immigrants from poorer source countries have shorter predicted migration duration than immigrants from wealthier source countries. In addition, this paper shows that longitudinal data on intentions can be informative by examining how observed event realizations lead to revisions to intentions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe (2012)
Pérez, Elena Ronda; Benavides, Fernando G. ; Levecque, Katia ; Felt, Emily; Love, John G.; Rossem, Ronan van ;Zitatform
Pérez, Elena Ronda, Fernando G. Benavides, Katia Levecque, John G. Love, Emily Felt & Ronan van Rossem (2012): Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe. In: Ethnicity and health, Jg. 17, H. 6, S. 563-577. DOI:10.1080/13557858.2012.730606
Abstract
"Objective. To determine migrant workers' exposure to select occupational risks and compare it with that of non-migrant workers in Europe.
Design. Based on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS-2005, n=29,654 workers, 31 countries) we examined differential prevalence amongst migrant and non-migrant workers' primary paid jobs in terms of employment arrangements (working >10 hours/day, working >5 days/week, on Sundays, without a contract, changes in the work schedule and not free to decide when to take holidays or days off) and working conditions (exposure to hazards including chemical, physical agents, physical load and psychological conditions). For the purpose of this study, a migrant is defined as a person without nationality of the country of residence (n=926). Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for age, economic sector and education were calculated.
Results. Differences in employment arrangements and working conditions were noted by migration status, gender and occupational status. Among non-manual workers, migrant males are more exposed than non-migrant males to negative psychosocial conditions - working at a very high speed (aPR 1.23; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.42) and shift work (aPR 1.66; 95% CI 1.27 - 2.17) - and adverse employment arrangements: working on Sundays (aPR 1.91; 95% CI 1.42 - 2.55), variable starting/finishing times (aPR 1.17; 95% CI 1.04 - 1.32) and changes in work schedule (aPR 1.56; 95% CI 1.30 - 1.88). Compared with non-migrant males, male migrant manual workers are the group with a greater number of disparities in terms of exposure to negative working conditions. Female migrant non-manual workers are more exposed to psychosocial conditions - working at very high speed (aPR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10 - 1.44) and shift work (aPR 1.61; 95% CI 1.29 - 2.01) while female manual migrant workers were more likely to report standing or walking (aPR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98 - 2.97), not having a contract (aPR 2.94; 95% CI 2.07 - 4.10) and not being free to decide days off and holidays (aPR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.48) than non-migrants.
Conclusion. Migrant workers across Europe are more likely to be exposed to certain working and employment arrangements that may place them at higher risk of future health problems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The immigrant wage gap in Germany: are East Europeans worse off? (2011)
Zitatform
Lehmer, Florian & Johannes Ludsteck (2011): The immigrant wage gap in Germany. Are East Europeans worse off? In: International migration review, Jg. 45, H. 4, S. 872-906., 2011-03-15. DOI:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00871.x
Abstract
"Using employment register data, this study compares the outcomes of male foreign workers from different East and West European countries who entered the German labor market between 1995 and 2000 with those of male German workers. Although the wage differentials are highest for Poles, results from Oaxaca/Blinder type decompositions show that the East Europeans are not generally worse off. Actually, we find considerable heterogeneity also within nationality groups. Quantile decompositions show that coefficients effects tend to be larger at the bottom of the wage distribution and, by that, give evidence for sticky floors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen