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Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf

Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen (2023)

    Auer, Eva;

    Zitatform

    Auer, Eva (2023): Zur Arbeitsmarktsituation von Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen. (AMS-Spezialthema zum Arbeitsmarkt / Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich), Wien, 6 S.

    Abstract

    "Im Jahr 2022 waren insgesamt 76.653 Personen mit gesundheitlichen Vermittlungseinschränkungen arbeitslos vorgemerkt oder in Schulungsmaßnahmen, 15.611 bzw. 16,9% weniger als im Jahresdurchschnitt 2021. Auch im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019 ging die Zahl der Personen mit Beeinträchtigungen mit minus 10,6% deutlich zurück. Rund 18% der vorgemerkten Personen hatten eine Behinderung gemäß Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz oder Landesbehindertengesetz bzw. einen Behindertenpass. Die restlichen 82% der arbeitslos Vorgemerkten bzw. Schulungsteilnehmer_innen mit gesundheitlichen Problemen erbrachten den Nachweis der eingeschränkten Vermittelbarkeit durch ein (fach)ärztliches Gutachten. „Erfreulicherweise konnte auch die Gruppe der arbeitssuchenden Menschen mit gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen von der guten Konjunktur des Jahres 2022 profitieren. Trotzdem bleibt die Jobsuche für Betroffene alles andere als einfach. Das zeigt sich daran, dass sie im Schnitt fast doppelt so lange einen Job suchen. Unternehmen mit Personalbedarf kann ich – insbesondere in dieser Arbeitsmarktlage – dringend empfehlen, bewusst auch in dieser Personengruppe ihre nächsten Mitarbeiter_innen zu suchen.“ so Johannes Kopf, Vorstandsmitglied." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Predicting stable employment trajectories among young people with disabilities (2023)

    Ballo, Jannike Gottschalk ; Alecu, Andreea Ioana ;

    Zitatform

    Ballo, Jannike Gottschalk & Andreea Ioana Alecu (2023): Predicting stable employment trajectories among young people with disabilities. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 408-425. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2254271

    Abstract

    "Research aiming to explain disabled people's inequalities in the labour market has primarily focused on transitional factors between school and work, wage gaps, or socioeconomic background characteristics as explanations for (no-)entry in the labour market. There is a lack of longitudinal studies that map how disabled people fare in the labour market over time. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify, describe and predict stable employment paths of long-term disabled people. Our study employs detailed longitudinal data with total coverage of the Norwegian population - we focus on 11 birth cohorts (1973-83) of disabled individuals and we follow their employment trajectories between the ages 20 and 34. To describe employment trajectories and create a typology of longitudinal labour market attachments, we employ sequence analysis and subsequently linear probability models to analyse the association between the disability's severity, gender, educational enrolment, early-work experience and employment trajectories. We identify four main types of trajectories: permanently work-disabled, stable employment, early marginalisation, and unstable employment. Our findings indicate that men are more likely than women to have stable employment trajectories. Starting higher education, as well as parental higher education, is linked with the likelihood of stable employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Work strains and disabilities in French workers: A career-long retrospective study (2023)

    Barnay, Thomas ; Defebvre, Éric ;

    Zitatform

    Barnay, Thomas & Éric Defebvre (2023): Work strains and disabilities in French workers: A career-long retrospective study. In: Labour, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 385-408. DOI:10.1111/labr.12252

    Abstract

    "This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on the self-reported disabilities in France. Using a retrospective lifelong panel, we implement a mixed econometric strategy that relies on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. Deleterious effects from exposure on disability are found, depending on the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify policies being enacted early in individuals' careers, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Working conditions and disabilities in French workers: a career-long retrospective study (2023)

    Barnay, Thomas ; Defebvre, Éric ;

    Zitatform

    Barnay, Thomas & Éric Defebvre (2023): Working conditions and disabilities in French workers: a career-long retrospective study. (HAL open science), Paris, 22 S. DOI:10.15609/annaeconstat2009

    Abstract

    "This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on disabilities in France. Using a rebuilt retrospective lifelong panel and defining indicators for physical and psychosocial strains, we implement a mixed econometric strategy relying on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. For men and women, deleterious effects of both types of working conditions on disability after exposure are found, with varying patterns of impacts according to the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify not only policies being enacted early in individuals' careers in order to prevent subsequent mid-career health repercussions, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Physical Disability and Labor Market Discrimination: Evidence from a Video Résumé Field Experiment (2023)

    Bellemare, Charles ; Goussé, Marion ; Marchand, Steeve ; Lacroix, Guy ;

    Zitatform

    Bellemare, Charles, Marion Goussé, Guy Lacroix & Steeve Marchand (2023): Physical Disability and Labor Market Discrimination: Evidence from a Video Résumé Field Experiment. In: American Economic Journal. Applied Economics, Jg. 15, H. 4, S. 452-476. DOI:10.1257/app.20210633

    Abstract

    "We sent fictitious applications to firms advertising job openings. We find that revealing a disability decreases callback rates by 25 percentage points. This result is not explained by accessibility constraints or lower productivity due to disability. We find that including a video résumé of a well-spoken applicant significantly increases callbacks by 10 percentage points for persons with and without disabilities, suggesting that discrimination is unaffected by quality signals in our context. Analysis of viewing activity suggests that employers seek less information when the applicant is disabled. Disclosing the disability later in the video increases employers' viewing time but leaves callback rates unchanged." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment (2023)

    Bjørnshagen, Vegar ; Ugreninov, Elisabeth ; Rooth, Dan-Olof;

    Zitatform

    Bjørnshagen, Vegar, Dan-Olof Rooth & Elisabeth Ugreninov (2023): Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16217), Bonn, 38 S.

    Abstract

    "This article examines disability discrimination in the hiring process and explores variation in how the intersection of disability and gender shapes employers' hiring behavior by occupational context and gender segregation. We use data from a field experiment in which approximately 2,000 job applications with randomly assigned information about disability were sent to Swedish employers with vacancies. We find that nondisabled applicants receive 33 percent more callbacks than similarly qualified wheelchair users despite applying for jobs where the impairment should not interfere with performance. The results indicate no heterogeneity in levels of disability discrimination against men and women on average across occupations or by occupational gender segregation. However, levels of discrimination differ considerably among occupations, varying from no evidence of disability discrimination to discrimination against both disabled men and disabled women as well as cases where disability discrimination is found only against women or only against men. The results thus indicate that disability and gender interact and shape discrimination in distinct ways within particular contexts, which we relate to intersectional stereotyping and norms of gender equality influencing hiring practices but not to declared ambitions for diversity or gender equality legislation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Participation in Work of People with Disabilities by Means of Technical Assistance (2023)

    Bächler, Liane; Behrendt, Hauke ;

    Zitatform

    Bächler, Liane & Hauke Behrendt (2023): Participation in Work of People with Disabilities by Means of Technical Assistance. In: A. Shajek & E. A. Hartmann (Hrsg.) (2023): New Digital Work, S. 118-134. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-26490-0_7

    Abstract

    "The comprehensive realization of social participation for all individuals is a particular challenge in which the working world proves to be an important sphere. Despite normative reference points through socio-political innovations, people with intellectual disabilities and a high need for support are particularly excluded. Even in sheltered workshops, this group of people is excluded from participating in work as the challenges of life and labor in the 21st century are becoming ever more complex and the demands of production and business stricter. As a result, people with intellectual disabilities and a high need for support often fall off the radar in current inclusion efforts and – despite legal obligations – do not receive adequate support to participate in work. To counteract the negligence and tacit acceptance of the deprivation of a large part of the sheltered workshop employees - in the sense of social affiliation by work participation - design options for promoting work participation require careful consideration. This paper analyses the use and impact of technical assistance to promote work participation for people with intellectual disabilities and high support needs and reports the results of a field study on the use of technical assistance in a sheltered workshop." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Labor Market Effects of Disability Benefit Loss (2023)

    Bíró, Anikó ; Krekó, Judit ; Scharle, Ágota ; Hornok, Cecília ; Prinz, Daniel ;

    Zitatform

    Bíró, Anikó, Cecília Hornok, Judit Krekó, Daniel Prinz & Ágota Scharle (2023): The Labor Market Effects of Disability Benefit Loss. (CERS-IE working papers 2023,19), Budapest, 38 S.

    Abstract

    "Disability benefits are costly and tend to reduce labor supply. While costs can be reduced by careful targeting, correcting past eligibility rules or assessment procedures may entail welfare costs. We study a major reform in Hungary that reassessed the health and working capacity of a large share of beneficiaries. Leveraging age and health cutoffs in the reassessment, we estimate employment responses to loss or reduction of benefits. We find that among those who left disability insurance due to the reform, 57% were employed in the primary labor market and 38% had neither employment nor benefit income. The consequences of leaving disability insurance sharply differed by pre-reform employment status. 62% of those without pre-reform employment did not work after exiting disability insurance, whereas this ratio was only 14% for those who had some employment in the pre-reform year. The gains of the reform in activating beneficiaries were small and strongly driven by pre-reform employment status. This points to the importance of combining financial incentives with broader labor market programs that increase employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives (2023)

    Coll, Catherine; Mignonac, Karim ;

    Zitatform

    Coll, Catherine & Karim Mignonac (2023): Perceived organizational support and task performance of employees with disabilities: a need satisfaction and social identity perspectives. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 34, H. 10, S. 2039-2073. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2022.2054284

    Abstract

    "In this article, we combine insights from basic psychological needs theory and the social identity approach to propose that perceptions of organizational support enhance the basic need satisfaction of employees with disabilities, which yields higher levels of task performance. We also suggest that disability group identification strengthens this mediational process. We tested our hypotheses with two quantitative field studies that were conducted in France and based on matched employee-supervisor data. Using a sample of employees working in companies that specialize in the employment of persons with disabilities, Study 1 aimed to provide initial evidence for the mediating role of basic need satisfaction. Study 2 aimed to replicate the findings of Study 1 in less specific contexts while testing the moderating role of disability group identification. Next, the methodological limitations of these investigations were addressed in two quantitative post hoc studies. The results of these studies support our model and generate new knowledge about whether, why and when the perception of favorable treatment contributes to the job performance of employees with disabilities. We also discuss the practical implications of our findings and provide suggestions for human resources managers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and Labor Market Performance (2023)

    Collischon, Matthias ; Pohlan, Laura ; Hiesinger, Karolin ;

    Zitatform

    Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2023): Disability and Labor Market Performance. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16100), Bonn, 54 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: newly disabled individuals' probability of becoming nonemployed increases by 10 percentage points after one year and by 15 percentage points after five years relative to that of the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Collischon, Matthias ; Pohlan, Laura ; Hiesinger, Karolin ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals (2023)

    Dinan, Shannon ; Boucher, Normand ;

    Zitatform

    Dinan, Shannon & Normand Boucher (2023): Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 719-739. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000878

    Abstract

    "This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Mindestlohn für Werkstattbeschäftigte?: Analyse der WfbM: Entgelte, soziale Sicherung und Übergänge zum Arbeitsmarkt (2023)

    Engels, Dietrich; Deremetz, Anne; Eibelshäuser, Svenja; Pracht, Arnold; Drygalski, Clarissa von; Welti, Felix ; Schütz, Holger ;

    Zitatform

    Engels, Dietrich, Anne Deremetz, Clarissa von Drygalski, Svenja Eibelshäuser, Arnold Pracht, Holger Schütz & Felix Welti (2023): Mindestlohn für Werkstattbeschäftigte? Analyse der WfbM: Entgelte, soziale Sicherung und Übergänge zum Arbeitsmarkt. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 72, H. 10, S. 356-362.

    Abstract

    "Das System der Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM) bedarf einer Reform. Eine vorbereitende Analyse der aktuellen Situation und der möglichen Auswirkungen einer Umgestaltung kommt unter anderem zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Anwendung des Mindestlohngesetzes auf mindestens einen Teil der in Werkstätten Beschäftigten bereits jetzt geboten sein könnte." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers (2023)

    Falkstedt, Daniel ; Selander, Jenny ; Bodin, Theo ; Albin, Maria; Almroth, Melody ; Kjellberg, Katarina ; Hemmingsson, Tomas ; Gustavsson, Per ; D'Errico, Angelo;

    Zitatform

    Falkstedt, Daniel, Melody Almroth, Tomas Hemmingsson, Angelo D'Errico, Maria Albin, Theo Bodin, Jenny Selander, Per Gustavsson & Katarina Kjellberg (2023): Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension - a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 96, H. 8, S. 1137-1147. DOI:10.1007/s00420-023-01995-4

    Abstract

    "Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose–response shape of the associations, and potential confounding efects of physical workload. Methods: Approximately 1.8 million workers aged 44 or older and living in Sweden in 2005 were followed up for 16 years, up to a maximum of 65 years of age. We linked mean values of job demands and job control, estimated in a job-exposure matrice (JEM) by gender, to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. These values were categorized by rank order, and, for the construction of job-strain quadrants, we used a median cut-of. Associations with DP were estimated in Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: In models accounting for covariates including physical workload, low levels of job control were associated with higher risk of DP among both men and women. This association was most clear for DP with a psychiatric diagnosis, although a dose–response shape was found only among the men. High levels of job demands were associated with decreased risk of DP across diagnoses among men, but the same association varied from weak to non-existing among women. The high- and passive job-strain quadrants both showed increased risk of DP with a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: The results suggest that, at the occupational level, low job control, but not high job demands, contributes to an increased incidence of DP, particularly regarding DP with a psychiatric diagnosis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation (2023)

    Fogelgren, Mattias; Thoursie, Peter Skogman ; Ornstein, Petra ; Rödin, Magnus;

    Zitatform

    Fogelgren, Mattias, Petra Ornstein, Magnus Rödin & Peter Skogman Thoursie (2023): Is Supported Employment Effective for Young Adults with Disability Pension?: Evidence from a Swedish Randomized Evaluation. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 58, H. 2, S. 452-487. DOI:10.3368/jhr.58.4.0319-10105R2

    Abstract

    "This paper reports results from a large-scale randomized experiment evaluating whether a supported employment rehabilitation intervention strategy can improve labor market opportunities for young adults on disability pension better than regular vocational rehabilitation. The supported employment intervention utilizes a caseworker as back-up for the individual during training to reduce employers' risks when hiring an individual with unclear productivity. In total, 1,062 individuals were randomly assigned between interventions. The main results show that 18 months after the start of the project, participants with supported employment have work rates that are approximately 10 percentage points higher than participants who received regular rehabilitation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    European comparative data on persons with disabilities: Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021 (2023)

    Grammenos, Stefanos;

    Zitatform

    Grammenos, Stefanos (2023): European comparative data on persons with disabilities. Equal opportunities, fair working conditions, social protection and inclusion, health analysis and trends - Data 2021. Brussels, 218 S. DOI:10.2767/747690

    Abstract

    "As noted, in the framework for the Strategic Plan 2020-2024, the DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion defined a set of impact indicators which are relevant to the socio-economic field. Furthermore, the recovery and resilience plans12 ought to identify relevant indicators to monitor the contribution of the Facility to the reduction of disparities. The indicators can be selected from among those regularly used to report on cohesion policy overall, such as: the unemployment and employment rate, including youth unemployment and employment, the EU social scoreboard and indicators on the performance of education and training systems. In the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure scoreboard, auxiliary indicators include: employment; long-term unemployment rate; activity rate; youth unemployment rate; young people neither in employment nor in education and training; people at risk of poverty or social exclusion; people at risk of poverty after social transfers; severely materially deprived people; and people living in households with very low work intensity. The next harmonised benchmark revisions are planned for 2024. It is important to assess the situation of persons with disabilities in relation to these quantitative indicators. The indicators ought to identify any gap between persons with and without disabilities and reveal any convergence or divergence in relation to the targets. An increasing gap or divergence ought to signal the need for new initiatives. In its capacity, EDE presents and analyses data in order to understand and illustrate the situation of persons with disabilities in Europe. This statistical analysis could be used as an instrument to monitor the effectiveness of national and European policies; assess the situation of persons with and without disabilities; and identify areas where the gap between persons with and without disabilities is decreasing (or increasing)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Workplace-Related Socioeconomic Issues Associated with Job Performance and Productivity among Employees with Various Impairments: A Systematic Literature Review (2023)

    Gulyamova, Saodat Tolibovna ; Abdul Aziz, Siti Fardaniah ; Omar, Nik Hairi ; Mohd, Rusyda Helma;

    Zitatform

    Gulyamova, Saodat Tolibovna, Siti Fardaniah Abdul Aziz, Nik Hairi Omar & Rusyda Helma Mohd (2023): Workplace-Related Socioeconomic Issues Associated with Job Performance and Productivity among Employees with Various Impairments: A Systematic Literature Review. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 12, H. 5. DOI:10.3390/socsci12050275

    Abstract

    "The main purpose of this article is to present a systematic literature review of socioeconomic issues such as employee productivity, workplace absenteeism, workplace presenteeism, productivity loss, and indirect costs among employees with different impairments/disabilities. The related articles were obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases. In general, 568 studies were found. A total of 141 articles were identified as open-access and non-duplicate articles in English in which disability-related issues among employees were raised. Ultimately, only 22 studies were selected for analysis since they were concerning socioeconomic issues associated with productivity and job performance among employees with various impairments. Based on the studies, workplace performance among employees with and without disabilities was almost equal. Workplace absenteeism and short-term disability costs were higher among employees with acromegaly, migraine, gout, depression, cardiovascular events and related clinical procedures, chronic diseases, and metastatic breast cancer. Mood disorders, heart diseases, and bowel disorders were the principal causes of absenteeism among employees with chronic conditions. Productivity loss was higher among employees with depression, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, chronic migraine disease, and employees who received injectable multiple myeloma therapy. Worsening physical health, more functional disabilities, poorer relations with a supervisor, recurrent sick leave, back problems, mood disorders, migraine, and fatigue were the primary reasons for lost productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness (2023)

    Hardoy, Ines; von Simson, Kristine ;

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    Hardoy, Ines & Kristine von Simson (2023): Pressing the right button—labour market odds for youth with mental illness. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 592-607. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2289952

    Abstract

    "Mental disorders threaten the chances of finishing secondary school and can hinder the school-to-work transitions of afflicted youths. Earlier onset depression predicts the chronicity, recurrence, and severity of episodes throughout life. Using rich, objective mental health data and a battery of variables covering personal and family characteristics, we investigate the impact of Norway’s vocational rehabilitation programs on youths aged 18–23 who are registered as unemployed. Our results indicate that the impact vary with mental health in adolescence, a variable often unavailable in such analyses. Separate analyses for age group 19–21 and 20–23 show that the younger ones with previous diagnosed mental disorders were likely to pursue further education after participating in programs providing work practice; those with no earlier diagnosed mental disorders were prone to pursue ordinary education after completing a training program. For the older age cohorts, aged 20–23, vocational rehabilitation programmes seem counterproductive, irrespective of program type and of whether they were diagnosed with mental health problems in adolescence or not." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluation der Ergänzenden unabhängigen Teilhabeberatung (2023)

    Heimer, Andreas; Kievelitz, Niclas; Ludwig, Lätizia; Jordan, Micah; Deutschmann, Christian; Resnischek, Christina; Wansing, Gudrun; Schütz, Holger ; Czichon, Jan-Felix; Fiedler, Maurice; Braukmann, Jan; Maetzel, Jakob; Harand, Julia; Frankenbach, Patrick;

    Zitatform

    Wansing, Gudrun, Jan Braukmann, Jan-Felix Czichon, Christian Deutschmann, Maurice Fiedler, Patrick Frankenbach, Jakob Maetzel, Julia Harand, Lätizia Ludwig & Christina Resnischek (2023): Evaluation der Ergänzenden unabhängigen Teilhabeberatung. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 620), Berlin ; Bonn ; Düsseldorf, 198 S.

    Abstract

    "Im Jahr 2018 startete die modellhafte Einführung der Ergänzenden unabhängigen Teilhabeberatung (EUTB®) nach § 32 Neuntes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB IX). Mit ihr wurden rund 500 Angebote in ganz Deutschland gefördert, in denen Menschen mit Behinderungen und ihre Angehörigen über Fragen der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe informiert und beraten werden. Die wissenschaftliche Begleitung der EUTB® adressiert grundsätzliche Fragen zu den Umsetzungs- und Wirkungsbedingungen der EUTB®. Ihre Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es der EUTB® auftragsgemäß gelungen ist, ein breit akzeptiertes Informations- und Beratungsangebot zu entwickeln, das die vorhandene Beratungsinfrastruktur im Bereich Rehabilitation und Teilhabe ergänzt. Im Zuge ihrer Etablierung konnte für die EUTB® - in der Regie der Fachstelle Teilhabeberatung – ein umfassendes System der Qualifizierung und Qualitätssicherung entwickelt werden, so dass zum Ende der Förderphase einheitliche Qualitätsstandards für die Beratung vorliegen und weiterentwickelt werden können. Die Zufriedenheit der Ratsuchenden mit der Beratung durch die EUTB® ist hoch. Die Klärung ihrer Anliegen und die Erreichung der wichtigsten Ziele gelingen nach ihrer Selbsteinschätzung häufig. Damit kann die EUTB® nachweislich zur Stärkung der Selbstbestimmung und gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe der Ratsuchenden beitragen. Die Beratung von Betroffenen für Betroffen als "Peer-Beratung" trägt zu einer wesentlichen Unterstützung des Angebots bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Inklusion am Arbeitsplatz stärken: Wie und warum verhaltensökonomische Erkenntnisse helfen, Menschen mit Behinderungen bei Einstellungen seltener zu diskriminieren - zum Wohle aller (2023)

    Hensen, Julia; Trögeler, Philipp;

    Zitatform

    Hensen, Julia & Philipp Trögeler (2023): Inklusion am Arbeitsplatz stärken: Wie und warum verhaltensökonomische Erkenntnisse helfen, Menschen mit Behinderungen bei Einstellungen seltener zu diskriminieren - zum Wohle aller. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2023,49), Köln, 42 S.

    Abstract

    "Unternehmen suchen aufgrund des Fachkräftemangels und des demographischen Wandels zunehmend dringend nach geeigneten Mitarbeitern. Menschen mit Behinderungen weisen geeignete Qualifikation auf, werden aber oftmals im Einstellungsprozess aufgrund ihrer behinderungsbedingten Individualität nicht berücksichtigt. Diese (unbewusste) Diskriminierung, die in jeder Phase des Beschäftigungszyklus stattfindet, verhindert die Potenzialnutzung dieser Mitarbeitergruppe zum Wohle der Beschäftigten und der Unternehmen. Mit verhaltensökonomischen Ansätzen, wie dem Nudging, können diese Einstellungs- und Beschäftigungshürden überwunden werden. Nudges sind Anstupser, die menschliches Verhalten und individuelle Entscheidungen durch minimal-invasive, nicht-finanzielle Eingriffe in eine gewünschte Richtung lenken, ohne die Wahlfreiheit einzuschränken. Die analysierten Nudges der Zielsetzung, des Feedbacks, der Defaults und der Informations-Nudges zeigen praxisnahe Ansätze für eine Win-Win-Situation für Beschäftigte und Unternehmen auf. Ferner wird der Stellenwert des Inklusionserlebens und einer inklusiven Unternehmenskultur diskutiert. Durch ein positives Inklusionserleben verbessert sich unter anderem die Arbeitszufriedenheit als auch beruflicher Stress. Zudem profitieren Unternehmen daneben aus wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten: Bei Untererfüllung der gesetzlichen Quote zur Einstellung von Menschen mit Behinderungen müssen Unternehmen eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen. Diese entfällt, wenn sich Mitarbeiter mit Behinderungen offenbaren, die ihre Behinderung bisher aufgrund von Diskriminierungsangst nicht kommuniziert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Return to work after medical rehabilitation in Germany: influence of individual factors and regional labour market based on administrative data (2023)

    Hetzel, Christian ; Kaluscha, Rainer; Kranzmann, Angela; Mitschele, Anke; Leinberger, Sarah ; Schmidt, Nadine ;

    Zitatform

    Hetzel, Christian, Sarah Leinberger, Rainer Kaluscha, Angela Kranzmann, Nadine Schmidt & Anke Mitschele (2023): Return to work after medical rehabilitation in Germany: influence of individual factors and regional labour market based on administrative data. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00330-1

    Abstract

    "The influence of both individual factors and, in particular, the regional labour market on the return to work after medical rehabilitation is to be analyzed based on comprehensive administrative data from the German Pension Insurance and Employment Agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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