Jugendarbeitslosigkeit
Trotz eines Rückgangs ist die EU-Jugendarbeitslosenquote nach wie vor sehr hoch. Laut EU-Kommission sind derzeit 4,5 Millionen junge Menschen (im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren) arbeitslos. Einem großen Teil dieser Generation droht durch fehlende Zukunftsperspektiven soziale Ausgrenzung mit weitreichenden Folgen. Mit Maßnahmen wie der Europäischen Ausbildungsallianz und Jugendgarantien der Länder soll entgegengesteuert werden.
Diese Infoplattform bietet einen Einblick in die Literatur zu den Determinanten von und Strategien gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries (2016)
Zitatform
Hora, Ondrej, Markéta Horáková & Tomáš Sirovátka (2016): Institutional determinants of early job insecurity in nine European countries. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.4), Oslo, 69 S.
Abstract
"In the European labour market, young people have been disproportionally affected by job insecurity indicated by unemployment, inactivity, job precariousness and fragmented careers during and after the economic crisis of 2008. This may be crucial for their ability to maintain a living income and to live a decent life on their present and future life course. The increasing polarisation in the labour market may become a persistent structural feature in the conditions of the changing employment structures and flexibilization of labour. This challenge was recognised at the EU level when Youth Opportunities Initiative (2011), Youth Employment Package (2012) and Youth Guarantee (2013) were launched and underpinned with financing from ESF schemes. The European countries, however, have experienced very different impacts of the crisis on their labour markets (Karamessini et al. 2016). Similarly, the initial responses in active labour market policies (ALMPs) to the crisis also diverged considerably (Clasen et al 2012). The question arises about the longer-term adaptations of labour market policy and other policies to the challenge of increasing early job insecurity and the associated structural changes in the labour market.
The aim of this paper is to assess in nine national contexts how recent reforms in labour market institutions and policies and the skill formation systems may have affected the incidence of early job insecurity and the patterns of labour market entry/integration of young women and men. Job insecurity as understood here includes two dimensions: (a) insecurity of maintaining the current job, (b) insecurity of getting another job in the future, that is, job insecurity and employment insecurity (compare Chung and van Oorschot 2011)." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Understanding unemployment scars: a vignette Experiment of employers' decisions in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland (2016)
Hyggen, Christer; Yfanti, Aggeliki; Imdorf, Christian ; Shi, Lulu P. ; Parsanaglou, Dimitris; Stoilova, Rumiana ; Sacchi, Stefan ; Yordanova, Gabriela; Samuel, Robin ;Zitatform
Hyggen, Christer, Christian Imdorf, Dimitris Parsanaglou, Stefan Sacchi, Robin Samuel, Rumiana Stoilova, Lulu P. Shi, Aggeliki Yfanti & Gabriela Yordanova (2016): Understanding unemployment scars. A vignette Experiment of employers' decisions in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. (NEGOTIATE working paper 7.2), Oslo, 63 S.
Abstract
"In an effort to broaden the understanding of how early job insecurity can affect an individual's future career from an employer's perspective NEGOTIATE conducted an employer-sided survey with an integrated multidimensional vignette experiment in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. This report documents the sampling and data-collection in the four countries. In addition we present some basic descriptive results from the survey. Data from the survey will be available for public use, following a quarantine period after the end of the project, through the data repository at the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD).
Theoretical considerations underpinning the survey, state of research and a further description of the methodological approach is previously published in the NEGOTIATE Working paper D7.1 Studying employer's risk assessment and the role of institutions: An experimental design (Shi, L.P, C. Imdorf and R. Samuel 2016)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Exportartikel Berufsbildung?: Internationale Bildungszusammenarbeit zwischen Armutsreduktion und Wirtschaftsförderung (2016)
Zitatform
Jäger, Matthias, Markus Maurer & Martin Fässler (2016): Exportartikel Berufsbildung? Internationale Bildungszusammenarbeit zwischen Armutsreduktion und Wirtschaftsförderung. Bern: Hep, 215 S.
Abstract
"Berufsbildung ist seit den 1950er-Jahren ein wichtiges Standbein der schweizerischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Nun verleiht ihr die in jüngster Zeit weltweit zunehmende Jugendarbeitslosigkeit neue Popularität. Entwicklungspolitische Zielvorgaben, internationale Megatrends und unterschiedliche Konzepte stellen die Berufsbildung vor große Herausforderungen. Die Autoren diskutieren Praxis und Potenzial bezüglich der Bildungszusammenarbeit im Spannungsfeld zwischen Armutsreduktion und Wirtschaftsförderung. Dabei schlagen sie den Bogen von den ersten internationalen Berufsbildungsprojekten bis zu einer nächsten Projektgeneration." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
The careers of young people in Europe during the economic crisis * (2016)
Zitatform
Karamessini, Maria, Maria Symeonaki, Glykeria Stamatopoulou & Antonis Papazachariou (2016): The careers of young people in Europe during the economic crisis *. (NEGOTIATE working paper 3.2), Oslo, 93 S.
Abstract
"In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of young people's careers in Europe and the identification of the risk factors influencing them. The study of transitions between labour market states and the measurement of the school-to-work transition probabilities has become of utmost importance, since young people's pathways from school to sustained work have become rough and unpredictable. The probability of someone who has concluded full-time education to move successfully into full-time occupation seems to decrease, while, on the other hand, the probability of engaging into a part-time or temporary job increases. Emphasis should therefore be given to the estimation of different indicators that can be used in order to capture the extent and forms of job insecurity. Several methodological approaches are proposed in the present study, taking advantage of existing data sources, cross-sectional and longitudinal, so as to provide a full picture of early job insecurity in all European countries and its relation to a number of socio-demographic variables that might be influencing its magnitude. The results uncover that there are important differences between countries, when all estimated early job insecurity indicators are taken into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the diversity of NEETs (2016)
Zitatform
Mascherini, Massimiliano & Stefanie Ledermaier (2016): Exploring the diversity of NEETs. Dublin, 63 S. DOI:10.2806/62307
Abstract
"The concept of NEET (young people not in employment, education or training) has, since 2010, been widely used as a tool to inform youth-oriented policies in the 28 Member States of the European Union. While it has been a valuable addition to more traditional indicators used to understand the economic and social vulnerability of young people and their labour market participation, it has often been criticised because of the heterogeneity of the population it captures. This report explores the diversity of NEETs and suggests seven subgroups into which the NEET population can be disaggregated using data routinely collected for the EU Labour Force Survey. Through analysis of the data for each of these subgroups, it offers a contemporary overview of the composition of the NEET population, both at EU28 level and in each Member State. It is hoped this information will help policymakers more precisely target interventions intended to ease young people's engagement with the world of work and training. An executive summary is available - see Related content - and a separate annex presents detailed information on the composition of NEETs in the 28 Member States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Engaging the 'missing middle': status quo, trends and good practice (2016)
Zitatform
Mascherini, Massimiliano & Stefanie Ledermaier (2016): Engaging the 'missing middle'. Status quo, trends and good practice. Dublin, 14 S.
Abstract
"Youth unemployment policy has tended to focus on two groups: young people with low educational attainment and those with higher education who have failed to find work. However, there is a large group of middle attainers who tend to be overlooked by policy - young people who have completed second-level education but do not follow academic routes into higher education. These are the 'missing middle', who may be confronted with a range of challenges when trying to find alternative ways into employment, further education or training. This paper describes the middle attainers and looks at recent trends in policy from different EU countries aimed at engaging this group." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Size of training firms and cumulated long-run unemployment exposure: the role of firms, luck, and ability in young workers' careers (2016)
Zitatform
Müller, Steffen & Renate Neubäumer (2016): Size of training firms and cumulated long-run unemployment exposure. The role of firms, luck, and ability in young workers' careers. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere 2016,05), Halle, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes how life-cycle unemployment of former apprentices depends on the size of the training firm. We start from the hypotheses that the size of training firms reduces long-run cumulated unemployment exposure, e.g. via differences in training quality and in the availability of internal labor markets, and that the access to large training firms depends positively on young workers' ability and their luck to live in a region with many large and medium-sized training firms. We test these hypotheses empirically by using a large administrative data set for Germany and find corroborative evidence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Economic crisis and youth unemployment: comparing Greece and Ireland (2016)
Zitatform
Papadopoulos, Orestis (2016): Economic crisis and youth unemployment. Comparing Greece and Ireland. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 409-426. DOI:10.1177/0959680116632326
Abstract
"Both Greece and Ireland have long suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their employment and social systems under the European Employment Strategy. Problems were aggravated by the harsh conditions imposed by the Troika following bail-outs. Yet there was significant divergence in youth employment outcomes between Greece and Ireland despite a convergence of policies. In Ireland, tighter conditionality of benefits and stronger 'activation' were already on the agenda of the social actors, so their implementation was not forcefully contested. In Greece, the lack of effective social protection made it difficult for successive governments to build support for flexibilization, and the escalating insecurity of young Greeks and their families gave rise to social unrest and political instability. This contrast leads to a reappraisal of the convergence - divergence debate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Leaving education early: Putting vocational education and training centre stage: Volume I, Investigating causes and extent (2016)
Zitatform
(2016): Leaving education early: Putting vocational education and training centre stage. Volume I, Investigating causes and extent. (CEDEFOP research paper 57), Thessaloniki, 136 S. DOI:10.2801/893397
Abstract
"This Cedefop study examines the contribution that vocational education and training (VET) can make to reducing early leaving from education and training (ELET). Published in two volumes, this first looks at quantitative data to understand better the extent of early leaving from VET (ELVET). It analyses mechanisms for monitoring early leaving (at national and EU-levels), and examines VET and labour-market-specific factors, as well as those related to the individual and his/her family background, contributing to this phenomenon. It aims to assist national policy-makers and decision-makers at different levels in developing existing monitoring systems to measure ELVET and inform VET policies to tackle ELET. It also aims to assist European stakeholders to refine the EU indicator to capture the important variations in individual situations of early leavers. The second volume reviews VET-related measures to tackle ELET, either by preventing learners dropping out and/or by bringing those who have already left back to education and training." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Leaving education early: Putting vocational education and training centre stage: Volume II, Evaluating policy impact (2016)
Zitatform
(2016): Leaving education early: Putting vocational education and training centre stage. Volume II, Evaluating policy impact. (CEDEFOP research paper 58), Thessaloniki, 149 S. DOI:10.2801/967263
Abstract
"This Cedefop study focuses on the contribution that vocational education and training (VET) can make to reducing early leaving from education and training (ELET). Published in two volumes, the first is dedicated to understanding better the learning pathways of young students, providing measurements of early leaving in VET, and understanding the role of VET in breaking the vicious cycle of early leaving and unemployment. This second volume reviews VET-related measures to tackle ELET, either by preventing learners dropping out and/or by bringing those who have already left back to education and training. This volume identifies and discusses the key features of successful policies and practices, plus the conditions necessary to evaluate and upscale successful regional and local practices to national strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der Schweiz: Good-Practice-Beispiele an der Schnittstelle "Schule - Beruf" (2015)
Bachinger, Karin; Heckl, Eva; Dorr, Andrea;Zitatform
Bachinger, Karin, Andrea Dorr & Eva Heckl (2015): Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der Schweiz. Good-Practice-Beispiele an der Schnittstelle "Schule - Beruf". (AMS report 110), Wien, 72 S.
Abstract
"Die Erfahrungen anderer Länder sind von Bedeutung, um das Förderinstrumentarium des Arbeitsmarktservice in Österreich laufend zu optimieren und den wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen anzupassen. Dabei kommt in erster Linie jenen Ländern eine besondere Bedeutung zu, die ähnliche Rahmenbedingungen am Arbeitsmarkt aufweisen. Während meistens der Blick auf Deutschland fällt, wird in dieser Studie die Schweiz genauer unter die Lupe genommen. Dieses Nachbarland zeichnet sich durch eine niedrige Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und ein umfangreiches Angebot an Maßnahmen für verschiedene arbeitsmarktpolitisch relevante Zielgruppen aus. Im Fokus dieser von der KMU Forschung Austria im Auftrag der Abteilung Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich im Jahr 2014 erstellten Untersuchung stehen Maßnahmen für Jugendliche mit sozialen Benachteiligungen (z. B. Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund, ohne Pflichtschulabschluss) am Übergang 'Schule und Beruf'." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Entwicklung eines ganzheitlichen Handlungskonzepts zur Steigerung der Mobilität ausbildungssuchender Jugendlicher innerhalb Deutschlands: Schlussbericht. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (2015)
Berger, Florian; Teichler, Thomas; Talmon-Gros, Larissa;Zitatform
Berger, Florian, Larissa Talmon-Gros & Thomas Teichler (2015): Entwicklung eines ganzheitlichen Handlungskonzepts zur Steigerung der Mobilität ausbildungssuchender Jugendlicher innerhalb Deutschlands. Schlussbericht. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie. Frankfurt am Main, 63 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden insbesondere folgende Fragen analysiert: Welche fördernden und hemmenden Faktoren gibt es für die Mobilität und Flexibilität ausbildungssuchender Jugendlicher? Wie bzw. mit welchen Maßnahmen nehmen Akteure bereits heute Einfluss auf Mobilitätsentscheidungen sowie auf die Flexibilität von Ausbildungssuchenden? Welche Akteure sind das? Welche zusätzlichen Maßnahmen sind sinnvoll? Wie muss ein praktikabler, ansprechender und wirksamer Ansatz gestaltet sein? Auf Basis der Antworten auf diese Frage wird ein Handlungskonzept entworfen, das für verschiedene Akteure (Staat, Unternehmen, Regionen) Hinweise gibt, wie die verschiedenen regionalen oder branchenspezifischen Herausforderungen adressiert werden können." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality and 21-year-olds' negotiation of uncertain transitions to employment: a Bourdieusian approach (2015)
Borlagdan, Joseph;Zitatform
Borlagdan, Joseph (2015): Inequality and 21-year-olds' negotiation of uncertain transitions to employment. A Bourdieusian approach. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 18, H. 7, S. 839-854. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2014.992327
Abstract
"Faced with uncertainty, how do young people navigate the transition from school to work? Applying Bourdieu's concept of habitus to the 'fields' of education and employment, I argue that past experience, family background and unequal access to economic, social and symbolic forms of capital differentiate their transitions. Drawing on the tenth wave of the Australian longitudinal Life Chances Study, we found that all of the twenty-five 21-year-olds interviewed expressed uncertainty when discussing their futures. However, those from high-income backgrounds with access to strong social, economic and cultural resources were better able to manage the risks arising from uncertainty than their counterparts from low-income backgrounds. The following article seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of young people's experiences at age 21 through the application of Bourdieu's conceptual framework. The interviewees' habitus and cultivation of varying forms of capital tend towards social reproduction, yet also reveal opportunities for those considered 'disadvantaged' to mobilise their cultural resources. Bourdieu's model of the field, and its component conceptual tools, provide an explanatory frame to make sense of the seemingly incoherent paths that young people trace between education and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early school leaving in Scandinavia: extent and labour market effects (2015)
Zitatform
Bäckman, Olof, Vibeke Jakobsen, Thomas Lorentzen, Eva Österbacka & Espen Dahl (2015): Early school leaving in Scandinavia. Extent and labour market effects. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 25, H. 3, S. 253-269. DOI:10.1177/0958928715588702
Abstract
"The article explores the extent to which the organization of vocational tracks in upper secondary school affects the labour market risks associated with early school exit. The Nordic countries share many features, but the upper secondary school systems differ significantly in how their vocational tracks are organized. Denmark and Norway have dual vocational tracks, that is, they combine school-based education and workplace apprenticeships, whereas in Finland and Sweden they are primarily school based. We analyse administrative longitudinal data from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s in the four countries and find the highest vocational track dropout rates in Norway and the lowest in Finland. The results indicate that the relative labour market effect of dropping out from a vocational track is most detrimental in Norway. It is also in Norway that we find the greatest gender differences in this respect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
2. Förderphase des Bundesprogramms "XENOS - Integration und Vielfalt": Abschlussbericht der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung (2015)
Zitatform
Böwing-Schmalenbrock, Melanie, Ralf Kuhnke, Matthias Müller & Birgit Reißig (2015): 2. Förderphase des Bundesprogramms "XENOS - Integration und Vielfalt". Abschlussbericht der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung. München, 148 S.
Abstract
"Das XENOS-Programm 'Integration und Vielfalt' (XENOS II) will die Integration von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in den Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt und damit auch die Integration in die Gesellschaft verbessern. Es richtet sich nicht nur auf individuelle Beschäftigungsförderung und die Verbesserung des Zugangs zu Ausbildung und Arbeit, sondern auch auf die Stärkung interkultureller Kompetenzen. Ziel der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung ist die prozessbegleitende Programmevaluation. In diesem Rahmen wurden sämtliche Projekte und in ausgewählten Stichproben Adressatengruppen einiger Projekte befragt. Mit diesem Forschungsansatz konnten Erkenntnisse zur Projektumsetzung, zu hinderlichen und förderlichen Bedingungen, zu möglichen Problementwicklungen und Bewältigungsstrategien und zur Zielerreichung sowie Projektverstetigung gewonnen werden. In dem hier vorliegenden Abschlussbericht werden die gewonnenen und ausgewerteten Daten aller Erhebungen vorgestellt, zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt und daraus Erkenntnisse abgeleitet. Diese werden an den Programmzielen gemessen und bewertet und zu Handlungsempfehlungen verdichtet, um zukünftigen Programmumsetzungen zu dienen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
NEET youth in the aftermath of the crisis: challenges and policies (2015)
Zitatform
Carcillo, Stéphane, Rodrigo Fernández, Sebastian Königs & Andreea Minea (2015): NEET youth in the aftermath of the crisis. Challenges and policies. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 164), Paris, 108 S. DOI:10.1787/5js6363503f6-en
Abstract
"This paper presents an overview of the situation of youth in OECD countries since the onset of the financial crisis focusing primarily on describing the characteristics and living conditions of youth not in employment, education or training (NEET). It also provides data on the availability, coverage and effectiveness of income-support policies for young people, and summarises available evidence on the impact of interventions that aim at improving the social, education and employment situation of the most disadvantaged youth. Due to the paper's explicit focus on the hardest-to-place, most disadvantaged youth, the range of policies covered is broader than in earlier studies on the same topic, including various social benefits and in-kind services targeted at this group. The paper shows that NEET rates have not yet recovered from the crisis. There are large differences in youth unemployment and inactivity across countries, and these differences were further exacerbated by the recession. Reducing NEET rates is a great challenge for governments, as youth who remain jobless for long periods typically come from more disadvantaged backgrounds, have low levels of educational attainment, and are in many cases inactive. There is substantial evidence, however, that even the most disadvantaged youth can benefit from a variety of targeted interventions, including for instance special education programmes and mentoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jugendarbeitslosigkeit aus einer europäischen Perspektive (2015)
Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans (2015): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit aus einer europäischen Perspektive. In: M. Klebl & S. Popescu-Willigmann (Hrsg.) (2015): Handbuch Bildungsplanung : Ziele und Inhalte beruflicher Bildung auf unterrichtlicher, organisationaler und politischer Ebene, S. 555-586, 2015-06-13.
Abstract
"Der Beitrag führt in die Thematik Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Abgrenzung zu alternativen Konzepten wie sozialer Exklusion oder NEET sowie unter Rückgriff auf zentrale theoretische Ansätze ein, stellt die vorherrschenden Verfahren zur Messung von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und darauf bezogene Kennziffern vor und berichtet ausgewählte aktuelle empirische Befunde. Weiterhin werden individuelle Folgen von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit kritisch diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding the consequences of early job insecurity and labour market exclusion: the interaction of structural conditions, institutions, active agency and capability (2015)
Zitatform
Dingeldey, Irene, Bjørn Hvinden, Christer Hyggen, Jacqueline O'Reilly & Mi Ah Schøyen (2015): Understanding the consequences of early job insecurity and labour market exclusion. The interaction of structural conditions, institutions, active agency and capability. (NEGOTIATE working paper 2.1), Oslo, 43 S.
Abstract
"This document is the first deliverable from Work Package 2 of the NEGOTIATE project, 'Early job insecurity and youth unemployment as a theoretical and societal challenge'. The Work Package's first objective is to develop 'an original analytical framework for a comparative assessment of the individual and societal consequences of job insecurity early in a career. The analytical framework integrates concepts such as negotiation, agency, capability, empowerment, social resilience, embedded employability, networks, transition regimes, welfare state regimes and multi-level governance. A key interest is how to conceptualise the interactions between the young adults' agency and structurally given constraints and opportunities, (e.g. how they perceive and use their scope for action through networks and active agency, even in seemingly adverse circumstances) and in what sense young adults' find ways of negotiating the challenges of prolonged unemployment and job insecurity.' (DoA, Annex 1, Part A, p. 16). NEGOTIATE's core question is how young people's scope for agency interacts with different layers of structural conditions in a multi-level governance system.
As means to answering this question, the deliverable will review and summarise relevant theoretical literature on key concepts and assess how they contribute to an understanding of the consequences of early job insecurity for young people. A particular interest is the extent to which young women and men are able to negotiate these conditions and avoid the most adverse consequences of such insecurity. We will be particularly attentive to mechanisms of gendered labour market outcomes and patterns of market marginalisation of young people.
The practical goal of presenting the analytical framework and undertaking a conceptual clarification is to provide a common basis for the empirical work of NEGOTIATE (cf. Work Packages 3-8), as well as a conceptual base for the final synthesis of results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Berufswünsche benachteiligter Jugendlicher: die Konkretisierung der Berufsorientierung gegen Ende der Vollzeitschulpflicht (2015)
Dombrowski, Rosine;Zitatform
Dombrowski, Rosine (2015): Berufswünsche benachteiligter Jugendlicher. Die Konkretisierung der Berufsorientierung gegen Ende der Vollzeitschulpflicht. (Berichte zur beruflichen Bildung), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 261 S.
Abstract
"Die Determinanten der Berufswünsche von benachteiligten Jugendlichen sind bisher wenig erforscht. Welchen Einfluss haben Erwartungen, berufliche Motive, familiäre Ressourcen und schulische Unterstützungsstrukturen? In ihrer empirischen Studie analysiert die Autorin mit Daten des nationalen Bildungspanels die Berufswünsche von Jugendlichen, die die Schule voraussichtlich mit Hauptschulabschluss oder ohne Schulabschluss verlassen werden. Die Dissertation liefert Erkenntnisse über Verlaufsmuster von Berufsfindungsprozessen, bringt neue Befunde über die Berufswünsche benachteiligter Jugendlicher ans Licht und markiert weiteren Forschungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Policy performance and evaluation: Germany (2015)
Eichhorst, Werner; Wozny, Florian; Cox, Michael;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner, Florian Wozny & Michael Cox (2015): Policy performance and evaluation: Germany. (IZA research report 66), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
Der Beitrag beginnt mit einer Darstellung der Struktur des deutschen Bildungssystems, seiner Institutionen, der Hierarchie der Zuständigkeiten und der Akteure auf dem Feld der Bildungspolitik - des Schulsystems, der tertiären Bildung und vor allem der beruflichen Bildung (duales System). Im nächsten Schritt werden die aktive bzw. aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die Anspruchsvoraussetzungen für den Leistungsbezug, der Kündigungsschutz und neuere politische Innovationen auf den Politikfeldern Bildung, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Mindestlohn beschrieben. Ein letzter Blick gilt den unterschiedlichen Förderungsmöglichkeiten für (arbeitslose) Jugendliche und deren Subgruppen und den Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der im europäischen Vergleich deutlich niedrigeren Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Scars of early non-employment for low educated youth: evidence and policy lessons from Belgium (2015)
Zitatform
Ghirelli, Corinna (2015): Scars of early non-employment for low educated youth. Evidence and policy lessons from Belgium. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 4, S. 1-34. DOI:10.1186/s40174-015-0042-1
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether the early experience of non-employment has a causal impact on workers' subsequent career. The analysis is based on a sample of low educated youth graduating between 1994 and 2002 in Flanders (Belgium). To correct for selective incidence of non-employment, we instrument early non-employment by the provincial unemployment rate at graduation. Since the instrument is clustered at the province-graduation year level and the number of clusters is small, inference is based on wild bootstrap methods. We find that one percentage point increase in the proportion of time spent in non-employment during the first two and a half years of the career decreases annual earnings from salaried employment six years after graduation by 10% and annual hours worked by 7% (unconditional effects). Thus, any policy that prevents unemployment in the first place will be beneficial. In addition, curative policies at the micro level may be required, depending on the actual cause of the scar." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young adult social networks and labour market attachment: interpersonal dynamics that shape perspectives on job attainment (2015)
Zitatform
Graham, John R., Micheal L. Shier & Marilyn Eisenstat (2015): Young adult social networks and labour market attachment. Interpersonal dynamics that shape perspectives on job attainment. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 769-786. DOI:10.1017/S0047279415000276
Abstract
"Following a qualitative study design with young adults (aged seventeen to twenty-nine) of a racialised minority status (n = 36) in a low-income community in Toronto, Canada, we found that social relationships and dynamics greatly influenced perspectives towards labour market success. Respondents identified that interpersonal relationships with employers, family members and neighbourhood/community members influenced their perseverance and motivation for upward social mobility through securing and maintaining employment. The findings highlight the fundamental relationship between perceptions of upward social mobility and individual social capital. In particular, the wide array of social networks that can influence the perspectives of racial minority young adults - both positively and negatively. The findings extend contemporary discussions about the relationship between social capital and career aspirations among racial minority young adults, to include a spectrum of interrelated social networks that collectively aid in improving personal development. While contemporary discussions focus on the utility of informal knowledge sharing about career development and post-secondary attainment, the findings here demonstrate the importance of policy and programme solutions that support the mobilisation of a wider array of embedded social resources, within the social networks of racial minority young adults, that help support positive perceptions towards upward social mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unterstützungsangebot für junge Langzeitarbeitslose auf dem Weg in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt: Erfahrungen aus einem Integrationsprojekt in Dresden und Meißen (2015)
Grünert, Holle; Buchwald, Christina;Zitatform
Grünert, Holle & Christina Buchwald (2015): Unterstützungsangebot für junge Langzeitarbeitslose auf dem Weg in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt. Erfahrungen aus einem Integrationsprojekt in Dresden und Meißen. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 42-45.
Abstract
"Die Lage am Arbeitsmarkt hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren positiv entwickelt, die Nachfrage nach qualifizierten Fachkräften ist gestiegen, die Zahl der Arbeitslosen gesunken. Allerdings profitieren nicht alle Personengruppen gleichermaßen vom Aufschwung am Arbeitsmarkt. Vor allem unter den Arbeitslosen aus dem Rechtskreis des SGB II gibt es eine fatale Tendenz zur Verstetigung von Exklusion. Dies ist besonders problematisch, wenn die Exklusion vom Arbeitsmarkt junge Menschen am Beginn ihrer Erwerbsbiografie trifft. Im Beitrag wird das Pilotprojekt 'ZIEL - Zielgerichtete Integration junger Langzeitarbeitsloser' in Sachsen vorgestellt und untersucht, welchen Beitrag es leisten kann, den Teufelskreis von Arbeitslosigkeit, Verlust an Beschäftigungsfähigkeit und Qualifikationsverschleiß zu durchbrechen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Happy birthday, you're fired!: the effects of age-dependent minimum wage on youth employment flows in the Netherlands (2015)
Zitatform
Kabátek, Jan (2015): Happy birthday, you're fired! The effects of age-dependent minimum wage on youth employment flows in the Netherlands. (IZA discussion paper 9528), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effects of the age-dependent minimum wage on youth employment flows in the Netherlands. The Dutch minimum wage for workers aged 15-23 is defined as a step-wise increasing function of a worker's calendar age. At the age of 23, workers become eligible for the 'adult' minimum wage which does not increase further. This creates an incentive for firms to discriminate against employees on the basis of their age, substituting more expensive older workers with younger ones. In order to grasp the size of these effects, I analyze monthly flows in and out of employment using administrative records for the entire youth population of the Netherlands. I account for the time remaining until workers' next birthdays, exploiting the fact that firms are facing a sharp discontinuity in labor costs in the month when a worker turns one year older. The results show a significant increase in job separation around the time of this discontinuity: the probability of job separation increases by 1.1% in the three calendar months which are closest to a worker's next birthday. This effect exhibits substantial heterogeneity with respect to a worker's age, showing that young and inexperienced workers are more likely to be affected by the discontinuities. The size of the effect also varies by the sector of employment, being particularly large for supermarket employees. Job accession peaks just after workers' birthdays, representing both entry of the workers with higher reservation wages and reemployment of the workers whose jobs are dissolved around the time of the discontinuity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen in: ILR Review, online first (2020), 1-28 -
Literaturhinweis
Social inclusion of young people (2015)
Zitatform
Mascherini, Massimiliano, Anna Ludwinek & Stefanie Ledermaier (2015): Social inclusion of young people. Dublin, 145 S. DOI:10.2806/588575
Abstract
"Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or training (NEET), are now the group at highest risk of social exclusion, with severe consequences not only for the individuals concerned but for the economy and society as a whole. Through its Youth Strategy 2010 - 2018, the EU has adopted a comprehensive and holistic approach to the social inclusion of young people. While the Youth Guarantee (which guarantees young people a work or training placement) seeks to intervene quickly and help young people back into the labour market, there are many other policies and measures at EU, Member State and regional level promoting the social inclusion of young people. This report discusses the first year of implementation of the Youth Guarantee and draws on case study findings showcasing successful initiatives aimed at preventing the social exclusion of young people in the EU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment and personality traits (2015)
Zitatform
Mendolia, Silvia & Ian Walker (2015): Youth unemployment and personality traits. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 4, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1186/s40172-015-0035-3
Abstract
"This paper investigates the relationship between personality traits in adolescence and education and labour market choices. In particular, we investigate the impact of locus of control, effort and diligence, and self-esteem on the risk of youths being unemployed (sometimes referred to as NEET ('Not in Education, Employment or Training'), assuming unconfoundedness. Thus, our focus is on early dropouts from both education and the labour market at age 18 - 20. We use matching methods to control for a rich set of adolescent and family characteristics by estimating the treatment effects, conditional on unconfoundedness, of multiple personality traits at the same time (Wooldridge, Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2010). Finally, we use the methodology proposed by Altonji (J Polit Economy 113:151 - 184, 2005) that involves making hypotheses about the correlation between the unobservables and observables that determine the outcomes and the unobservables that influence personality. Our results show that individuals that display low effort and diligence, low self-esteem, and external locus of control are estimated to be more likely to drop out of education and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the efficiency of labor market reforms: how to solve the Spanish puzzle? (2015)
Sacht, Stephen;Zitatform
Sacht, Stephen (2015): On the efficiency of labor market reforms. How to solve the Spanish puzzle? (Economics. Discussion papers 2015-55), Kiel, 20 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we shed light on the relationship between labor market policy, entrepreneurship and youth unemployment prior to and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in Spain. We discuss the situation, where labor market and macroeconomic policies were largely inefficient in reducing high levels of (youth) unemployment after 2007. We rise the question why in a situation of low inflation rates, an increase in (youth) unemployment had been observed although the labor market becomes more flexible due to the associated structural reform in 2010. We call this the Spanish Puzzle. The main reason for this observation can be found in the phenomena of downward nominal rigidity and the existence of a liquidity trap. Given the recovery of the Spanish economy in 2015, this development is grounded on (besides the increase in private consumption and a trade surplus) several policy measurements in order to strengthen entrepreneurial activity in 2013. The corresponding boost in private investment expenditure can be identified as the sustainable main driver for job creation in the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufliche Integration von Jugendlichen in Albanien: Reflexion eines Praxisprojekts mit Angehörigen einer Randgruppe (2015)
Schilliger, Martina; Stade, Peter; Wandeler, Bernard;Zitatform
Schilliger, Martina, Bernard Wandeler & Peter Stade (2015): Berufliche Integration von Jugendlichen in Albanien. Reflexion eines Praxisprojekts mit Angehörigen einer Randgruppe. In: Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 64, H. 7, S. 261-267.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen des Projekts 'Coaching for Employment' der NGO Swisscontact und der Hochschule Luzern - Soziale Arbeit wurden in Albanien Fachkräfte zur Begleitung von Jugendlichen aus Randgruppen (Roma und Egyptian) ins Erwerbsleben ausgebildet. Mithilfe partizipativer Ansätze der Soziokulturellen Animation leistete das Projekt einen Beitrag dazu, dass Jugendliche selbst unter schwierigen Ausgangsbedingungen verstärkt am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilhaben können und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen albanischen NGOs und staatlichen Akteuren verbessert wurde. Bisher wurden rund 40 Coaches ausgebildet und 600 Jugendliche begleitet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Was soll nur aus euch werden: arbeitslos, ziellos, perspektivlos? Eine Untersuchung zur Zielorientierung jugendlicher Arbeitsuchender (2015)
Zitatform
Schmidt, Matthias, Ina Zwingmann & Falk Richter (2015): Was soll nur aus euch werden: arbeitslos, ziellos, perspektivlos? Eine Untersuchung zur Zielorientierung jugendlicher Arbeitsuchender. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 69, H. 3, S. 152-165.
Abstract
"Die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Europa erreicht derzeit mit einem Durchschnittswert von 21,9 % alarmierende Werte. Aktuelle Studien belegen in diesem Zusammenhang, dass gegenüber Arbeitslosen eine Vielzahl von Stereotypen und Vorurteilen bestehen, die eine spezielle Form der gruppenbezogenen Menschenfeindlichkeit darstellen. Die häufigsten Vorurteile beziehen sich auf die Ziel- und Motivationslosigkeit von Arbeitslosen. Dabei haben Ziele insbesondere bei Arbeitsuchenden eine bedeutsame regulative Funktion, indem sie die Motivation und aktiven Handlungen bei der Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsplatzsuche steuern. Insgesamt stellen Vorurteile in Zeiten von Wirtschafts- und Sozialkrisen eine bedeutsame Bedrohung dar, weil sie die zur Bewältigung einer Krise notwendige Entwicklung von Solidarität verhindern. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir ausgehend von den bestehenden Vorurteilen sowie der Bedeutsamkeit von Zielen für Arbeitslose die Zielhierarchien von 265 jungen Arbeitsuchenden im Alter zwischen 17 und 27 Jahren analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die untersuchten Arbeitsuchenden nicht generell Ziel- oder Motivationsverluste aufweisen und eine konkrete und realistische Zielsetzung auch einen Einfluss auf die Motivation und aktive Zielverfolgung hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Studying employers' risk assessment and the role of institutions: an experimental design (2015)
Zitatform
Shi, Lulu P., Christian Imdorf & Robin Samuel (2015): Studying employers' risk assessment and the role of institutions. An experimental design. (NEGOTIATE working paper 7.1), Oslo, 24 S.
Abstract
"Work Package 7 aims at understanding how early job insecurity can affect an individual's future career from an employer's perspective. By paying special attention to the educational background and gender of the applicants, we plan to investigate how employers interpret young applicants' job insecurity, for example in the form of unemployment or job-mismatch experiences, during recruitment. The negative effects of such experiences on an individual's chances of being recruited successfully - so called scarring effects - may further vary depending on economic and institutional contexts such as country-specific economic or political conditions, educational structures or economic sectors. By surveying employers from different sectors, we will examine if and how these scarring effects vary between four different countries: Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. We will apply an innovative methodology in the form of an employer-sided survey with an integrated multidimensional vignette experiment in order to simulate the impact of multiple factors on success and failure when young people who experienced job insecurities apply for new jobs. In the present working paper we summarise the major theoretical concepts that have been used to explain the scarring effects that can result from employer behaviour. Moreover, we outline how we plan to collect data in WP 7 in order to analyse scarring through decision-making on behalf of employers during the recruitment process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does intensive coaching reduce school dropout?: evidence from a randomized experiment (2015)
Zitatform
Steeg, Marc van der, Roel van Elk & Dinand Webbink (2015): Does intensive coaching reduce school dropout? Evidence from a randomized experiment. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 48, H. October, S. 184-197. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2015.07.006
Abstract
"School dropout is an important social and economic problem. This paper investigates the effect of an intensive coaching program aimed at reducing school dropout rates among students aged 16 - 20. Students received support and guidance with their study activities, personal problems and internships in firms. The coaching program lasted one or two years. Students were randomly assigned to the coaching program. We find that one year of coaching reduced school dropout rates by more than 40% from 17 to 10 percentage points. The second year of coaching further reduced school dropout by 1 percentage point. The program is most effective for students with a high ex-ante probability of dropping out, such as students no longer obliged to be in formal education, male students, and students not living with both parents. Cost-benefit analysis suggests that one year of coaching is likely to yield a net social gain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie kann die NEET-Rate bzw. die Anzahl an NEET-Jugendlichen gesenkt werden? (2015)
Tamesberger, Dennis; Koblbauer, Christina;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis & Christina Koblbauer (2015): Wie kann die NEET-Rate bzw. die Anzahl an NEET-Jugendlichen gesenkt werden? (AMS-Info 333), Wien, 4 S.
Abstract
"Das vorliegende AMS info stellt die erweiterte Fassung eines Vortrages dar, den Dennis Tamesberger im Rahmen der Tagung 'All we NEET is ...? Barrieren & Chancen für Jugendliche in Bildung & Beruf' am 27.5.2015 in Wien gehalten hat. Veranstalter dieser Tagung waren die Caritas Österreich, die Abt. Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich und das sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut abif - Analyse, Beratung und interdisziplinäre Forschung." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and the special case of Austria (2015)
Tamesberger, Dennis;Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis (2015): A multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and the special case of Austria. In: International social security review, Jg. 68, H. 1, S. 23-45. DOI:10.1111/issr.12058
Abstract
"One of the biggest challenges currently facing European society is the dramatically high level of youth unemployment. Commonly, political solutions and strategies can be found in those countries that have been able to keep youth unemployment low in spite of the financial and economic crises. Austria is such a case. On the basis of European Union Member State data, the article gives a multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and asks whether these factors can explain relatively low youth unemployment in Austria. With the country's 'youth safety net' presented in detail, it is shown that active labour market policy reduces youth unemployment in Austria. The article also points out the limitations of cross-country comparisons of youth unemployment rates and proposes the use of a greater number of indicators. Finally, the article argues for economic policies to stimulate demand, which have to be based on a political and social commitment to full employment." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
OECD skills outlook 2015: youth, skills and employability (2015)
Zitatform
(2015): OECD skills outlook 2015. Youth, skills and employability. (OECD skills outlook), Paris, 153 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264234178-en
Abstract
"Im OECD-Raum sind heute mehr als 35 Millionen junge Leute weder in Beschäftigung noch in Bildung oder Ausbildung. Der Bericht baut auf der Internationalen Vergleichsstudie über die Kompetenzen Erwachsener (PIAAC) auf und analysiert, wie junge Menschen Kompetenzen erwerben, wie sie ihre Fähigkeiten einsetzen und welchen Hindernissen sie bei Berufseinstieg und Karriere begegnen. Er gibt Empfehlungen für Politikmaßnahmen, mit denen die Länder die Beschäftigungslage junger Menschen verbessern können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in advanced economies in Europe: searching for solutions (2014)
Banerji, Angana; Blavy, Rodolphe; Saksonovs, Sergejs; Lin, Huidan;Zitatform
Banerji, Angana, Sergejs Saksonovs, Huidan Lin & Rodolphe Blavy (2014): Youth unemployment in advanced economies in Europe. Searching for solutions. (IMF staff discussion note 2014,11), Washington, DC, 32 S. DOI:10.5089/9781498337113.006
Abstract
"The staff discussion note will assess the youth unemployment problem in advanced European countries, with a special focus on the euro area. It will document the main trends in youth and adult unemployment in 22 European countries before and after the global financial crisis. It will identify the main drivers of youth and adult unemployment, focusing in particular on the role of the business cycle and structural characteristics of the labor market. It will outline the main elements of a comprehensive strategy to address the problem." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
"Man muss schon ein bisschen mit dem Schreiben zurechtkommen!": eine Studie zu den Schreibfähigkeiten von Auszubildenden im unteren beruflichen Ausbildungssegment im Kontext von Ausbildungsreife (2014)
Baumann, Katharina;Zitatform
Baumann, Katharina (2014): "Man muss schon ein bisschen mit dem Schreiben zurechtkommen!". Eine Studie zu den Schreibfähigkeiten von Auszubildenden im unteren beruflichen Ausbildungssegment im Kontext von Ausbildungsreife. Paderborn: Eusl, 277 S., Anhang.
Abstract
"'Ausbildungsreife' entscheidet über den Zugang zur beruflichen Ausbildung. Das Konzept formuliert Mindestanforderungen, die von jedem Jugendlichen bei Aufnahme der beruflichen Ausbildung erfüllt werden müssen. Allerdings liegt dem Konzept keine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung zugrunde. Die vorliegende Studie hat zum Ziel, einen Beitrag zur Evaluation des Konzeptes Ausbildungsreife zu leisten. Hierfür fand eine Fokussierung auf Schreibfähigkeiten statt. Schreibkompetenz gilt als Indikator für erfolgreiche Bildungsverläufe, gleichzeitig werden die Schreibfähigkeiten von jungen Menschen häufig als defizitär und nicht ausreichend für die Aufnahme einer Ausbildung beklagt.
Es wurde untersucht, ob Jugendliche im unteren beruflichen Ausbildungssegment eine berufliche Ausbildung aufnehmen, erfolgreich beenden und schließlich in ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis wechseln können, auch wenn sie nicht über die Anforderungen der Ausbildungsreife verfügen. Hierfür wurden in mehreren Hamburger Berufsschulen verschiedener Fachrichtungen die Schreibfähigkeiten von Auszubildenden erhoben.
Zusätzlich wurden Interviews mit den Ausbildern der Auszubildenden geführt. Diese ermöglichten es, betriebliche Beurteilungen der Teilnehmer zu erhalten sowie Aussagen zur Bedeutung von Schreibkompetenzen in der betrieblichen Praxis zu treffen. Ergänzend wurden die Auszubildenden im Laufe der Untersuchungszeit begleitet, sodass Erkenntnisse zu den individuellen Bildungsverläufen gewonnen wurden.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie geben Anlass dazu, die zurzeit geltenden Zugangsvoraussetzungen zur beruflichen Ausbildung und die Legitimität des Konzeptes Ausbildungsreife in Frage zu stellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Changes in labour market transitions in Ireland over the Great Recession (2014)
Zitatform
Bergin, Adele, Elish Kelly & Seamus McGuinness (2014): Changes in labour market transitions in Ireland over the Great Recession. (IZA discussion paper 8401), Bonn, 21 S.
Abstract
"This paper assesses the impact that the 2009 Great Recession had on individual's transitions to and from unemployment in Ireland. The rate of transition from unemployment to employment declined between 2006 and 2011, while the rate from employment to unemployment increased. The impact of some of the factors identified as contributing to the likelihood of a transition taking place were found to have changed over this period. In particular, young people are much less likely to exit unemployment, but at the same time they have a lower risk of becoming unemployed. Education has become an increasingly important factor in both supporting unemployment exits and reducing the risk of becoming unemployed since the recession. The scarring impact of long-term unemployment appears to have fallen substantially in Ireland post-recession. The results from a decomposition analysis show that compositional changes are largely unimportant in explaining the change in the transition rates between 2006 and 2011." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
spätere (möglw. abweichende) Version -
Literaturhinweis
Quo Vadis Gute Arbeit - Perspektiven der jungen Generation (2014)
Blum-Geenen, Sabine; Leiderer, Eric; Machnig, Jan;Zitatform
Blum-Geenen, Sabine, Eric Leiderer & Jan Machnig (2014): Quo Vadis Gute Arbeit - Perspektiven der jungen Generation. In: L. Schröder & H.- J. Urban (Hrsg.) (2014): Gute Arbeit : Profile prekärer Arbeit - Arbeitspolitik von unten, S. 196-205.
Abstract
"Trotz aller postmaterialistischen Phantasien ist Arbeit für die meisten Menschen nach wie vor die zentrale Grundlage sowohl für ökonomische als auch soziale Teilhabe und gesellschaftliche Integration. In Folge der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise haben zahlreiche europäische Länder mit einer hohen Arbeitslosigkeit, insbesondere bei jungen Menschen, sozialer Unsicherheit und einer Ausweitung atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu kämpfen. Sie stehen - nicht zuletzt aufgrund der einseitigen Krisenanalyse und der dementsprechend einseitigen Therapiekonzepte - vor tiefgreifenden Reformen ihrer Arbeitsmärkte. Diese Entwicklungen sind inzwischen längst zu einer großen Herausforderung für Wohlfahrtsstaat und Demokratie geworden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
PIAAC und die berufliche Ausbildung: Befunde zur Ausbildungsreife junger Erwachsener (2014)
Dobischat, Rolf; Schurgatz, Robert;Zitatform
Dobischat, Rolf & Robert Schurgatz (2014): PIAAC und die berufliche Ausbildung. Befunde zur Ausbildungsreife junger Erwachsener. In: DIE-Zeitschrift für Erwachsenenbildung, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 47-49. DOI:10.3278/DIE1403W047
Abstract
"Auf Grundlage der PIAAC-Ergebnisse attestieren die Autoren dem deutschen Ausbildungssystem internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und widerlegen den Vorwurf mangelnder Ausbildungsreife deutscher Auszubildender. Gleichzeitig kritisieren sie die Rekrutierungspraxis von Betrieben, die von einer zunehmenden Akademisierung und Ausgrenzung bestimmter Bewerbergruppen gekennzeichnet sei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnische Ungleichheit beim Zugang zu Ausbildungsplätzen im dualen System (2014)
Zitatform
Hunkler, Christian (2014): Ethnische Ungleichheit beim Zugang zu Ausbildungsplätzen im dualen System. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 300 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-05494-6
Abstract
"Die Erklärung ethnischer Ungleichheiten beim Übergang in berufliche Ausbildung ist nach wie vor die Etappe der strukturellen Integration, die der empirischen Migrationsforschung die vergleichsweise größten Rätsel aufgibt, insbesondere weil es zwar Hinweise für Diskriminierungen gibt, denen aus Mangel an belastbaren Daten bislang jedoch kaum adäquat nachgegangen werden konnte. Christian Hunkler verwendet daher sogenannte Bewerberpooldaten, die den gesamten Prozess der Bewerbung, Auswahl und Einstellung abbilden und zudem Sprach- sowie fachspezifische Eignungstests enthalten. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten können die ethnischen Nachteile beim Ausbildungsübergang überwiegend und gerade auch für die 'Problemgruppe' der türkischen Männer erklärt werden. Dabei erweisen sich insbesondere die Tests sowie weitere bislang nicht untersuchte Merkmale mit Hinweiswert (etwa der Bewerbungszeitpunkt) als besonders erklärungskräftig." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die Dissertation -
Literaturhinweis
The impact of the global financial crisis on youth labour markets (2014)
Junankar, Pramod N.;Zitatform
Junankar, Pramod N. (2014): The impact of the global financial crisis on youth labour markets. (IZA discussion paper 8400), Bonn, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the impact of the GFC on youth unemployment and long term unemployment. In particular, we study whether the GFC had a bigger impact on youths than adults, and whether youth unemployment rates increased due to an increase in youth wages relative to adult wages. To anticipate our results, we find that the youth unemployment rates increased significantly more than that of adults even though youth wages had been falling relative to adult wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands (2014)
Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten Hendrik Jan Wolbers (2014): Consequences of flexible employment at labour market entry for early career development in the Netherlands. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 413-434. DOI:10.1177/0143831X13485878
Abstract
"In this article it is investigated to what extent flexible employment at labour market entry negatively affects the early career of school-leavers in the Netherlands in the period 1986 - 2008. Additionally, the question is raised to what extent educational differences exist in this relationship. To answer these questions, Dutch panel data from the OSA Labour Supply Panel are analysed. The results correspond with previous findings from studies on other European countries, supporting the stepping-stone rather than the entrapment hypothesis. A flexible start in the Dutch labour market increases the likelihood of repeated flexible employment and unemployment in the early career, and coincides with less occupational status development and income growth. However, the detrimental effects of flexible employment at labour market entry are only temporary and diminish after some years. Furthermore, no evidence is found for the existence of educational differences in the negative effects of flexible employment at labour market entry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth labour market integration across Europe: the impact of cyclical, structural, and institutional characteristics (2014)
Zitatform
Lange, Marloes de, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten H.J. Wolbers (2014): Youth labour market integration across Europe. The impact of cyclical, structural, and institutional characteristics. In: European Societies, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 194-212. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2013.821621
Abstract
"Young people in Europe face great difficulties nowadays when entering the labour market. Unemployment and temporary employment are high among youth, although considerable differences exist between European countries. In this article, we study to what extent cyclical, structural, and institutional factors explain cross-national variation in youth labour market integration. Inaddition, we examine educational differences in the impact of these macro-characteristics. To answer these questions, we use data on young people from 29 countries who were interviewed in the European Social Survey of 2002, 2004, 2006, or 2008 and left day-time education in the period 1992_2008. Both unemployment and temporary employment are regarded as a lack of labour market integration, compared to the situation of permanent employment. The empirical results first of all show that high unemployment hinders young people to smoothly integrate into the labour market. In addition, economic globalisation positively affects youth labour market integration. We also demonstrate that young people experience less difficulty with labour market integration as the educational system is more vocationally specific. Intermediate and higher educated particularly profit from the positive effect of the vocational specificity of the educational system. Finally, as the employment protection legislation of incumbent workers is stricter, young people experience more difficulties with labour market integration, especially higher educated youth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour market transitions of young people during the economic crisis (2014)
Zitatform
Leitner, Sebastian & Robert Stehrer (2014): Labour market transitions of young people during the economic crisis. (WIIW working paper 109), Wien, 35 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyses the impacts of the crisis on various groups in the labour market, providing a comparison across groups of EU countries and individual Central and East European new EU Member States. In particular, it reports how the crisis affected the transitions of people between different states in the labour market: employment, unemployment, education and inactivity. Based on EU SILC data, a descriptive overview concerning the changes in transition rates is provided by estimating Markov transition probabilities. This is complemented by a set of probit regression results pointing towards significant changes in the various transitions triggered by the crisis. This is particularly the case for the younger age cohorts and low-educated workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inklusion und Jugendsozialarbeit: Aufforderung zur Reflexion von Ausgrenzungsprozessen und zur Neubestimmung des sozialpolitischen Auftrags (2014)
Marx, Birgit; Funk, Heide;Zitatform
Marx, Birgit & Heide Funk (Hrsg.) (2014): Inklusion und Jugendsozialarbeit. Aufforderung zur Reflexion von Ausgrenzungsprozessen und zur Neubestimmung des sozialpolitischen Auftrags. (Reihe Praxisforschung in Bildung und sozialer Arbeit), Paderborn: In Via-Verlag, 280 S.
Abstract
"In diesem Buch sind Beiträge zusammengetragen worden, die eine Diskussion um die Rolle von Jugendsozialarbeit im Kontext der Inklusionsdebatte anregen wollen.
'Will man die Frage klären, welche Rolle die Jugendsozialarbeit bei der Vermittlung von Inklusionschancen hat, muss zuerst die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Zielen und Begrenzungen der Jugendsozialarbeit, wie sie sich heute entwickelt hat und wozu auch Untersuchungen vorliegen, einen breiten Raum in der bildungs- und sozialpolitischen Reformdiskussion bekommen'. Deshalb zeigt dieser Band auf, wie Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene aus Ausbildung und Beschäftigung ausgeschlossen werden und was dies für sie bedeutet. Es soll eine sozialpolitische Diskussion über die derzeitige Realität und Folgen von Ausgrenzung angeregt werden.
Die aktuelle Diskussion um Inklusion wird auf der Grundlage unklarer Begriffe geführt. Deshalb werden in der Einleitung die Begriffe Inklusion, Exklusion und Integration aufgegriffen und in zwei Konzeptionen begrifflich eingeordnet - einem analytischen Konzept mit dem Fokus der gesellschaftlichen Teilnahme von Menschen und einem programmatischen mit der gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe in lebensweltlichen und sozialintegrativen Kontexten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Mapping youth transitions in Europe (2014)
Zitatform
Mascherini, Massimiliano, Anna Ludwinek, Carlos Vacas, Anja Meierkord & Michael Gebel (2014): Mapping youth transitions in Europe. Dublin, 100 S. DOI:10.2806/51024
Abstract
"Young people in Europe continue to experience great difficulties in entering the labour market. Although the youth unemployment rate in a few Member States has started to fall, overall 23% of young European job-seekers aged 15 - 24 could not find a job in January 2014. In 2012, 14.6 million young people across Europe were not in employment, education or training (NEETs), accounting for 15.9% of the entire population of those aged 15 - 29. This report analyses the labour market situation of young people in Europe, focusing in particular on their school-to-work transition, while also monitoring their more general transition to adulthood. The report also investigates the ability of young people to remain in employment against the odds during the crisis and charts their transitions from temporary to permanent contracts. The report concludes with a discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of selected policy measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Executive Summary -
Literaturhinweis
Do NEETs need grit? (2014)
Zitatform
Mendolia, Silvia & Ian Walker (2014): Do NEETs need grit? (IZA discussion paper 8740), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the relationship between personality traits in adolescence and education and labour market choices. In particular, we investigate the impact of grit (a tendency and ability to sustain interest in long term goals - perseverance) on the risk of youths being NEET - 'Not in Education, Employment or Training'. Thus, our focus is on early drop-out from the labour market and education at age 18-20. Individuals with high levels of grit are less likely to be out of education or employment, while low self-esteem and external locus of control increase the chances of experiencing these conditions. We use propensity score matching to control for a rich set of adolescent and family characteristics and our results show that personality traits do affect education and employment choices. We test the robustness of our results using the methodology proposed by Altonji et al. (2005) that consists of making hypotheses about the correlation between the unobservables and observables that determine the outcomes and the unobservables that influence personality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment after apprenticeship training and individual, occupation and training employer characteristics (2014)
Zitatform
Mohrenweiser, Jens & Thomas Zwick (2014): Youth unemployment after apprenticeship training and individual, occupation and training employer characteristics. (ZEW discussion paper 2014-052), Mannheim, 20 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyses the risk of unemployment, unemployment duration and the risk of long-term unemployment immediately after apprenticeship graduation. Unemployed apprenticeship graduates constitute a large share of unemployed youth in Germany but unemployment incidence within this group is unequally distributed. Our paper extends previous research in three dimensions. It shows that individual productivity assessment of the training firm, initial selection into high reputation training firms and occupations, and adverse selection of employer moving graduates are correlated with unemployment after apprenticeship graduation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jugend ohne Arbeit: eine unendliche Geschichte? (2014)
Münch, Joachim;Zitatform
Münch, Joachim (2014): Jugend ohne Arbeit. Eine unendliche Geschichte? Baltmannsweiler: Schneider-Verl. Hohengehren, 120 S.
Abstract
"Der Autor verdeutlicht in diesem Buch sowohl die bildungspolitische und arbeitsmarktpolitische Relevanz als auch die gesellschaftspolitische Brisanz der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Ist Arbeitslosigkeit seit der Industrialisierung ein Massenproblem mit zum Teil verheerenden Folgen für Individuen und Gesellschaft, so gilt dies in besonderer Weise für die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Joachim Münch zeigt deren Ursachen in historischer und systematischer Perspektive auf und diskutiert die einschneidenden Folgen für die betroffenen jungen Menschen, lässt es aber dabei nicht bewenden. Er eruiert Lösungsansätze in Bildung, Ausbildung und Beschäftigung und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Jugendarbeitslosigkeit wie Arbeitslosigkeit überhaupt leider ein ständiger Begleiter der modernen Arbeitsgesellschaft bleiben wird, aber bei entschiedenem politischen Wollen minimiert werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Four tragedies and a happy ending - autobiographical interpretations of unemployment (2014)
Oxaas Karlsen, Anita; Rudinow, Saetnan; Lingas Holmen, Turid;Zitatform
Oxaas Karlsen, Anita, Turid Lingas Holmen & Saetnan Rudinow (2014): Four tragedies and a happy ending - autobiographical interpretations of unemployment. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 17, H. 10, S. 1395-1410. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2014.933192
Abstract
"'This article explores individuals' experience of unemployment by studying five historical autobiographical stories. A source of life-stories from the competition 'Write your life' in 1989 was read through in search of stories about unemployment. Four of the stories were of struggling for work inclusion, while one story was added as a contrast to the others. The latter narrator managed to build a career in spite of a poor starting point in life. Using a narrative approach, we sought to unravel the individuals' meaning constructions and identity formations. What we found was that failed careers apparently demand explanations and externalizations. Further, it became clear that shame appeared more harmful to these individuals than economic loss, the shame of not having contributed in working life and shown their capacity. Over time, this shame seems to lead to loss of self-esteem and health. The long-term struggle for work inclusion experienced by the four unemployed seems to have been replaced by a project of self-defence, a lonely struggle for relief/vindication, so important to them that it appears as the main theme in their life-stories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug