Zitatform

Bazen, Stephen & Waziri Khalid Maman (2020): The integration of young workers into the labour market in France. In: International Journal of Manpower, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 17-36. DOI:10.1108/IJM-07-2018-0204

Abstract

"Purpose: Using a representative survey of young persons having left full-time education in France in 1998 and interviewed in 2001 and 2005, the purpose of this paper is to examine the process of their integration into normal employment (a stable job with a standard employment contract) and the extent to which job matches are inefficient in the sense that the pay in a job is below an individual's potential earnings. The latter are determined principally by diploma level and educational specialisation, although other forms of training and labour market experience are relevant. Design/methodology/approach: A stochastic earnings frontier approach is used in order to examine workers' ability to capture their full potential earnings in labour markets where there is inefficient job matching (due to the lack of information, discrimination, over-education or the process of integration). Findings: The results suggest that young workers manage to obtain on average about 82 per cent of their potential earnings three years after leaving full-time education and earnings inefficiency had disappeared four years later. The results are robust to the treatment of selectivity arising from the exclusion of the unemployed in the estimation of the frontier. Originality/value: The stochastic earnings frontier is a useful and appropriate tool for modelling the process of labour market integration of certain groups (young persons, migrants and the long-term unemployed) where over-education due to inefficient initial job matches occurs. Over time this situation tends to be rectified as job mobility leads to improved matching and less inefficiency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Blommaert, Lieselotte, Ardita Muja, Maurice Gesthuizen & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2020): The Vocational Specificity of Educational Systems and Youth Labour Market Integration: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 36, H. 5, S. 720-740. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaa017

Abstract

"Comparative research on the impact of the vocational specificity of educational systems on youth labour market integration has expanded rapidly in the past decades. The present study reviews this body of research, focusing on how it has conceptualized the vocational specificity of educational systems and theorized its effect on youth labour market integration. Moreover, this study synthesizes the empirical evidence compiled in this research using a meta-analytical approach. Our review reveals that this research area is theoretically fragmented. A commonly accepted definition of the vocational specificity of educational systems is lacking and various theoretical approaches and conceptual frameworks are invoked to theorize the effect of vocational specificity, while exact mechanisms that are assumed to underlie the effect are often left unspecified. Our meta-analysis includes 105 effect estimates nested in 19 studies, published between 2003 and 2018, that used methods enabling a formal meta-analytical comparison. Results show that the overall average effect is positive and statistically significant but its magnitude is modest and there is substantial variability in the size and even direction of observed effects. We find that this variability is partly driven by which aspect of labour market integration was examined and which measure of vocational specificity was used." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bossler, Mario, Hans Dietrich & Max Kunaschk (2020): Mindestlohn für Jugendliche? Mögliche Effekte einer Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für jugendliche Beschäftigte vom gesetzlichen Mindestlohn in Deutschland. Stellungnahme des IAB zur schriftlichen Anhörung im Wirtschaftsausschuss des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landtags am 16.3.2020. (IAB-Stellungnahme 02/2020), Nürnberg, 10 S.

Abstract

"In seiner Stellungnahme für den Wirtschaftsausschuss des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landtags zum Antrag 'Mindestlohn auch für Jugendliche' der Abgeordneten des Südschleswigschen Wählerverbands (SSW) kommentiert das IAB mögliche Auswirkungen der Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für Jugendliche unter 18 Jahren vom Mindestlohn. Insbesondere diskutiert das IAB Effekte einer Gesetzesänderung auf die Beschäftigungswirkungen für Jugendliche und Bildungsentscheidungen von Jugendlichen. Dabei werden sowohl der Stand der internationalen Literatur wie der Kenntnisstand in Deutschland berücksichtigt. Die aktuellen Befunde zur Mindestlohngesetzgebung lassen sich kaum auf die Situation jugendlicher Erwerbstätiger unter 18 Jahren übertragen. Demzufolge können auf dieser Basis kaum Vorhersagen zur Wirkung der beabsichtigten Gesetzesänderung getroffen werden. Aus der internationalen Literatur lassen sich jedoch einige relevante Argumente für und gegen die Abschaffung der Ausnahmeregelung für Jugendliche vom allgemeinen Mindestlohn ableiten. Auf der einen Seite kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass eine Ausweitung des Mindestlohns zu steigenden Bildungsinvestitionen führen könnte. Auf der anderen Seite ist das Risiko zu beachten, dass Jugendliche bei dann steigender Lohnerwartung vorzeitig die Schule verlassen und Bildungsinvestitionen reduzieren könnten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bucci, Fiorella & Stijn Vanheule (2020): Investigating changing work and economic cultures through the lens of youth employment : A case study from a psychosocial perspective in Italy. In: Young. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 275-293. DOI:10.1177/1103308819857412

Abstract

"Changes in the forms and cultural meanings of work have gone deep during the last decades, with the transient nature of work becoming the norm rather than the exception. This is impacting particularly on youth employment, as Italy's case epitomizes. Based on interview and focus group data, our study provides a multidimensional model to read and map the multiple tensions young people experience, at an emotional level, on entering today's corporations. Our findings show, on the one hand, that young professionals' expectation of work as a place of social learning and exchange clashes with the corporate focus on assimilating young people into target-oriented environments. On the other hand, both in younger and older workers, we found the experience of labour relationships that struggle to direct themselves towards a creative purpose and a developmental prospect, while tending to collapse emotionally inwards, in a fight for security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cahuc, Pierre & Jérémy Hervelin (2020): Apprenticeship and Youth Unemployment. (IZA discussion paper 13154), Bonn, 63 S.

Abstract

""In France, two years after school completion and getting the same diploma, the employment rate of apprentices is about 15 percentage points higher than that of vocational students. Despite this difference, this paper shows that there is almost no difference between the probability of getting a callback from employers for unemployed youth formerly either apprentices or vocational students. This result indicates that the higher employment rate of apprentices does not rely, in the French context, on better job access of those who do not remain in their training firms. The estimation of a job search and matching model shows that the expansion of apprenticeship has very limited effects on youth unemployment if this is not accompanied by an increase in the retention of apprentices in their training firm." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Carstensen, Jeanette, Oskar Jost & Holger Seibert (2020): Arbeitsmarktsituation der Jüngeren in Berlin. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Berlin-Brandenburg 02/2020), Nürnberg, 37 S.

Abstract

"Die Arbeitsmarktsituation junger Menschen erfordert ein besonderes Augenmerk, da hier entscheidende Weichen für die spätere Erwerbsbiografie gestellt werden. Berlin verzeichnete lange Zeit im Bundesländervergleich besonders hohe Jugendarbeitslosenquoten, die insbesondere aus einer unzureichenden Lehrstellenversorgung resultierten. Sowohl im Zuge des Nachwendegeburtenknicks als auch aufgrund eines zunehmenden und selbsttragenden Aufschwungs in den letzten zehn Jahren besserte sich die Situation sukzessive. Es konnten mehr junge Menschen in Berlin in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung finden, sodass die Jugendarbeitslosenquote deutlich abgebaut wurde. Gleichwohl offenbaren die Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Berichts anhaltende Defizite und Potenziale, die es auszubauen gilt. So fällt die Jugendarbeitslosenquote junger Ausländer in Berlin nach wie vor deutlich höher aus als diejenige der deutschen Jugendlichen, was auf strukturelle Unterschiede und Probleme hindeutet. Darüber hinaus weisen junge Ausländer aus den Asylherkunftsländern momentan noch besonders hohe Arbeitslosenquoten auf, die weitere Anstrengungen erfordern, um eine Verfestigung in Arbeitslosigkeit zu verhindern und bestehende Unterschiede zu reduzieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Cockx, Bart, Koen Declercq, Muriel Dejemeppe, Leda Inga & Bruno Van der Linden (2020): Switching from an Inclining to a Zero-Level Unemployment Benefit Profile. Good for Work Incentives? (IZA discussion paper 13002), Bonn, 21 S.

Abstract

"This paper evaluates the impact on the transition to work of a policy reform in Belgium that restricted the access to a specific unemployment insurance scheme for young labor market entrants. This scheme entitles youths with no or little labor market experience to unemployment benefits after a waiting period of one year. As of 2015, the Belgian government unexpectedly scrapped benefit eligibility for youths who start the waiting period at the age of 24 or older. The reform implied a change from an inclining to a flat rate (zero-level) benefit profile. We use a difference-in-differences approach to identify the causal impact of this reform on fresh university graduates. Our main finding is that this reform only increases the transition to very short-lived jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Conrads, Ralph, Thomas Freiling, Markus Zink & Michaela Weber (2020): Wissenschaftliche Begleitstudie "Assistierte Ausbildung" (AsA). Ergebnisse der zweiten Erhebungswelle. Mannheim ; Schwerin, 38 S.

Abstract

"Seit 2017 begleitet die HdBA die Erprobung der Assistierten Ausbildung (AsA) als Fördermaßnahme der Berufsberatung und führte zu diesem Zweck zwei qualitative Erhebungen 2017 und 2019 durch. Um mit der Begleitforschung die Ausarbeitung einer zukunftsgerichteten Konzeption der AsA zu flankieren, galt es 2019, sich den aus der ersten Erhebungswelle ergebenden Fragestellungen im Rahmen einer weiteren Erhebung zu stellen. So ging es in der zweiten Erhebungswelle (September - Dezember 2019) um die Frage, ob die AsA für Unternehmen ein wirksamer Anreiz ist, auch benachteiligten Jugendlichen eine Ausbildungschance zu geben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Conrads, Ralph & Thomas Freiling (2020): Zur Reformdiskussion der Arbeitsmarktinstrumente für Jugendliche. Modifikation der Assistierten Ausbildung. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 69, H. 1, S. 1-20. DOI:10.3790/sfo.69.1.1

Abstract

"Die Assistierte Ausbildung (AsA) gem. § 130 SGB III wurde im Mai 2015 bis maximal 2021 befristet eingeführt. Im Kontext der Neuordnung der Jugendlicheninstrumente der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) steht darüber hinaus die Weiterführung bzw. Entfristung der AsA auf dem Prüfstand. In einer wissenschaftlichen Begleitstudie der Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit ­(HdBA) wurde untersucht, inwieweit Anpassungen im Zuge der Neuordnung erforderlich sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der individuelle Ansatz der AsA bewährt hat, aber Modifikationen zur besseren Zielerreichung notwendig sind. Unter Berücksichtigung der Erfahrungen zahlreicher Akteure werden maßnahmenbezogene Handlungsempfehlungen dargestellt und mit dem allgemeinen Diskussionsstand zusammengeführt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Dohmen, Dieter, Zein Karsin & Galiya Yelubayeva (2020): Youth unemployment in times of crises in the EU 27. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 72), Berlin, 37 S.

Abstract

"Die neue Studie „Youth Unemployment in Times of Crises in the EU 27“ des FiBS Forschungsinstituts für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie untersucht die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in der EU in der Folge der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise 2008/09 und verknüpft diese mit einer ersten Schätzung, wie die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit nach der Corona-Krise zunehmen könnte. Demnach könnte die Arbeitslosigkeit von Geringqualifizierten sogar die 40-Prozent-Marge überschreiten, allerdings erst Mitte der 2020er Jahre. Weiterhin wird die Arbeitslosigkeit von Männern möglicherweise höher sein als die von Frauen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Dohmen, Dieter, Galiya Yelubayeva, Charlotte Firzlaff & Michael Cordes (2020): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in Krisenzeiten. (FiBS-Forum / Forschungsinstitut für Bildungs- und Sozialökonomie 75), Berlin, 61 S.

Abstract

"Nachdem die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in den vergangenen fünfzehn Jahren deutlich gesunken ist, könnte sie jetzt um bis zu 40 Prozent ansteigen. Zwar sind davon, relativ gesehen, Hochschulabsolventen und beruflich Qualifizierte stärker betroffen, allerdings sind die Zukunftsaussichten für geringqualifizierte junge Menschen besonders ungünstig. Männer sind dabei durchgängig stärker betroffen als Frauen. Die Analysen zeigen zudem, wie sehr die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit durch wenig wirksame Bildungsangebote kaschiert wird.Dies sind die Kernergebnisse einer aktuellen Analyse des FiBS zur Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland in Krisenzeiten. Die Studie zeigt einerseits, dass die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit über alle Qualifikationsniveaus hinweg bei jungen Männern wie Frauen deutlich rückläufig ist. Andererseits wird deutlich, dass in Krisenzeiten fast ausschließlich die Arbeitslosigkeit junger Männer ansteigt, während die der jungen Frauen zum Teil sogar weiter sinkt. Dies gilt über alle Qualifikationsgruppen hinweg." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Doris, Aedín, Donal O'Neill & Olive Sweetman (2020): Does Reducing Unemployment Benefits during a Recession Reduce Youth Unemployment? Evidence from a 50 Percent Cut in Unemployment Assistance. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 902-925. DOI:10.3368/jhr.55.4.0518-9501R1

Abstract

"We use administrative data to examine the effect of a 50 percent benefit cut for young unemployed claimants in Ireland duringthe Great Recession. Because the cut applied only to new spells, claimants whose unemployment start dates differed by oneday received very different benefits; we exploit this feature in a regression discontinuity analysis. We find that the benefitcut significantly reduced unemployment duration, with exits to training and work accounting for the majority of this effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

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Dvouletý, Ondřej, Martin Lukeš & Mihaela Vancea (2020): Individual-level and family background determinants of young adults' unemployment in Europe. In: Empirica, Jg. 47, H. 2, S. 389-409. DOI:10.1007/s10663-018-9430-x

Abstract

"The aim of this study is to explore individual-level and family background determinants of young adults' unemployment. Compared to previous studies, we focus on extended adulthood by including a broader age range in the sample of young adults (18–35 years), and on less explored individual predictors. A harmonized data set, based on representative cross-sectional national surveys conducted in 2016 in eleven European countries, was used to analyze individual level predictors of young adults' unemployment. For young economically active individuals (N = 14,602), we estimated logistic regressions with the dependent variable representing odds of being unemployed. The findings suggest that besides age, gender, education, migration and ethnic backgrounds, caring responsibilities or unemployment experience, there are other important predictors of young adults' unemployment such as religious affiliation, risk taking and parental unemployment experience. Obtained estimates are robust and can be thus more likely generalized in comparison with previous findings. Policy-makers and labor market offices should better address those groups of young adults most endangered by unemployment such as younger individuals, women, ethnic minorities, risk averse young adults or those with parental unemployment history through more effective, inclusive and tailored education and labor market policies as well as specific counselling support services for career orientation and development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Haasler, Simone R. (2020): The German system of vocational education and training. Challenges of gender, academisation and the integration of low-achieving youth. In: Transfer, Jg. 26, H. 1, S. 57-71. DOI:10.1177/1024258919898115

Abstract

"Die duale Ausbildung aufbauend auf der Lehrlingsausbildung hat in Deutschland eine lange Tradition und war über Jahrzehnte der wichtigste Ausbildungszweig. Durch die wachsende Bedeutung anderer Ausbildungs- und Bildungswege verliert das duale Ausbildungssystem jedoch zunehmend seine dominante Position. Hierbei spielt die kontinuierliche Ausweitung des tertiären Bildungsbereichs eine wichtige Rolle. Der vorliegende Artikel geht der Frage nach, inwieweit diese Entwicklung zu einer Umorientierung bzw. Neustrukturierung des dualen Systems führt. Hierfür werden Entwicklungen im vollschulischen Ausbildungssektor, Akademisierungstrends sowie Herausforderungen im Kontext der Qualifizierung von lern- und leistungsschwachen Jugendlichen diskutiert. Die zunehmende Bedeutung schulischer Ausbildungsprogramme richtet den Blick auf Genderaspekte des beruflichen Bildungssystems sowie der geschlechtsspezifischen Segmentierung des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes, während die Akademisierung der beruflichen Bildung im Zusammenhang mit der Nachfrage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt nach Höherqualifizierung steht. Duale Studienprogramme und dreieinhalbjährige Berufsausbildungen werden nicht zuletzt gestärkt, um attraktive Ausbildungsoptionen für leistungsstarke Schulabgänger anzubieten. Hierdurch haben sich jedoch die Zugangshürden zu vollqualifizierenden Ausbildungsprogrammen für lern- und leistungsschwache Jugendliche einschließlich Personen mit Migrationshintergrund und Flüchtlingen verstärkt. Dies stellt die Integrationsfunktion des deutschen Systems der beruflichen Bildung auf den Prüfstand." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Husu, Hanna-Mari & Minna Ylilahti (2020): The formation of long-term unemployed young adults' emotional capital during childhood. A Bourdieusian approach to emotional harm. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 23, H. 9, S. 1161-1177. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1657563

Abstract

"This article focuses on the long-term formation of unemployed young adults' emotional capital and the development of emotional dispositions during childhood. We use Bourdieu's work and the concept of emotional capital to draw attention to the emotional dynamics of family and peer relations during childhood. Emotional capital is related to parents' emotional involvement and investment in the child's well-being, and it encompasses emotional skills and assets that children can attain from family relations. The concept of emotional capital allows an examination of the child's family and close environment, which shape the development of actors' emotional inclinations and tendencies. Our data consists of 28 semi-structured life course interviews conducted in 2012-2013 with 28 long-term unemployed young adults aged 20-32 in central Finland. The data revealed that problems in family or peer dynamics were related to negative emotional dispositions, including a sense of not belonging or being an outsider and a lack of trust, which started to form during childhood, and which were translated and repeated in different settings in participants' life courses." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jianu, Ionuț (2020): The Effect of Young People Not In Employment, Education or Training, On Poverty Rate in European Union. (arXiv papers), 14 S.

Abstract

"This paper aims to estimate the effect of young people who are not in employment, education or training (neets rate) on the people at risk of poverty rate in the European Union. Statistical data covering the 2010-2016 period for all EU-28 Member States have been used. Regarding the methodology, the study was performed by using Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares method, weighted by Period SUR option. The effect of neets rate on poverty rate proved to be positive and statistically significant in European Union, since this indicator includes two main areas which are extremely relevant for poverty dimension. Firstly, young unemployment rate was one of the main channels through which the financial crisis has affected the population income. Secondly, it accounts for the educational system coverage and its skills deficiencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kleif, Helle Bendix & Jacob Nielsen Arendt (2020): Incentive effects of cash benefit among low-skilled young adults: Applying a regression discontinuity design. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 15, H. 11. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0241279

Abstract

"In 2014, the Danish Government implemented an active labour market reform directed at unemployed young adults under 30 years of age with low educational qualifications. The reform replaced the (unemployment) cash benefits with a lower education benefit for many of the unemployed aged under 30 and obliged the low-skilled in this group to enrol in a regular general or vocational (VET) education program. This paper exploits the sharp discontinuity that occurs at age 30 to estimate the joint effect of higher benefits and the cessation of educational obligations on the share receiving cash benefits and the share enrolled in education. We estimate the effects by applying a regression discontinuity design. We report results for the group of low educated young adults and for subgroups facing different economic incentives. The results establish that reaching age 30 creates an incentive to apply for cash benefits, and we find strong evidence that a significant increase in the share of cash benefit recipients relates to a corresponding reduction in the share of young adults enrolled in education. When including subgroups the size of the effect increases, and the results demonstrate that the effects are strongest among previous education benefit recipients. This indicates that the results are mainly driven mainly by individuals reverting to cash benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Landauer, Doris (2020): Perspektiven für "Unentdeckte Talente" – Prävention und Intervention bei frühzeitigem Bildungsabbruch. Gesamtresümee 2010–2020. (AMS report 151), Wien, 35 S.

Abstract

"Absicht und Ziel war es, die Thematik des frühen Bildungsabbruchs auf mehreren Ebenen unter dem Blickwinkel der Arbeitsmarktpolitik zu erfassen, zu beschreiben und auch neue Möglichkeiten für Interventionen zu erarbeiten, die geeignet sind, Abhilfe zu schaffen. Diese Aufgabenstellungen sollten innerhalb eines über einen längeren Zeitraum angelegten Projektes bearbeitet werden. Daher wurde seitens des (damaligen) Bundesministeriums für Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz mit Wirksamkeit vom 1. November 2010 mit einer Laufzeit von zehn Jahren das Projekt, das in Folge mit »Perspektiven für unentdeckte Talente – Prävention und Interventionen bei frühzeitigem Bildungsabbruch« benannt wurde, ins Leben gerufen und die Autorin des vorliegenden Projektberichtes mit der Projektleitung beauftragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lewis, Paul & Jason Heyes (2020): The changing face of youth employment in Europe. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 41, H. 2, S. 457-480. DOI:10.1177/0143831X17720017

Abstract

"This article examines trends in youth employment across the EU-15 countries during 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. Drawing upon microdata from the EU Labour Force Survey it examines changes in contract type, hours worked and occupation by level of education. Although the financial crisis creates a discontinuity in numbers employed, and despite certain country specificities, the authors observe common structural changes across the two periods. They find an increasing shift from permanent full-time to temporary part-time contracts, the 'hollowing out' of traditional mid-skill level occupations and evidence of 'occupational filtering down' whereby the higher-educated are substituted for the lower-educated in low-skilled occupations. The authors observe some growth in 'professionals' following the crisis, but little evidence of the rise of a new knowledge economy. This raises questions concerning the most appropriate policy approaches to education and training and labour market regulation if European nations are to provide high-quality employment opportunities for their young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Maynou, Laia, Javier Ordóñez & José Ignacio Silva (2020): NEET rates convergence in Europe: A regional analysis. (Working paper / Universität Jaume I. Department of Economics 2020,8), Castellón de la Plana, 26 S.

Abstract

"In this paper, we study the convergence of the NEET rates (the rate of young people not in employment, education or training) across European regions between 2000 and 2015. First, we apply the Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) convergence tests and identify the presence of four important clusters with different trends in the NEET rates. The first two clusters mainly include regions located in Western and Southern Europe and show an increase with respect to the average NEET but with different speed. The other two clusters mainly contain North and Central European regions showing constant NEET rates with respect but with different levels. Then, we use a spatial-temporal econometric model to confirm the presence of β–convergence in the NEET rates, identify their determinants in each cluster and calculate their long-run NEET rates. The young unemployment rate and the percentage of early leavers from education and training are the main determinants of the in all clusters." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Minh, Anita, Patricia O'Campo, Martin Guhn & Christopher B. McLeod (2020): Out of the labour force and out of school: A population-representative study of youth labour force attachment and mental health. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 23, H. 7, S. 853-868. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1639648

Abstract

"This study examines youth mental health at the nexus of work and education, with a focus on youth who are both out of the labour force and out of school. Using data from a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth ages 15 - 29 (n?=?4883), this study examines the relationship between self-reported symptoms of depression, distress, and life-satisfaction and five distinct categories of labour market and educational attachment (employed non-students, employed students, students, unemployed youth, and youth out of the labour force and school). Main associations were estimated using logistic and ordered-logit regression. Stratified analyses were done to examine whether associations differed by youth socioeconomic status (SES). Study findings indicate that being unemployed has distinct associations with mental health compared with being out of the labour force and out of school. Unemployed youth had higher odds of depression, greater distress, and lower life-satisfaction, whereas the mental health of youth who were out of the labour force and out of school were not significantly different than employed non-students. There was some indication that being out of the labour force and out of school may be associated with higher life satisfaction for high-SES youth, but estimates were not statistically significant." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ottersbach, Markus (2020): Arbeitsintegration von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund. In: Migration und Soziale Arbeit, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 214-221. DOI:10.3262/MIG2003214

Abstract

"Während auf der einen Seite in Bezug auf die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt eine Angleichung der migrantischen an die Verhältnisse der einheimischen Bevölkerung festzustellen ist, erkennt man auf der anderen Seite weiterhin eine sich verfestigende „Unterschichtung“ des Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarktes durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund. Dies gilt auch für Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund. Die überdurchschnittlich hohe Arbeitslosigkeit, aber auch die Positionierung in Berufen mit wenig Reputation und Einkommen ist sowohl für den Einzelnen je individuell, aber auch aus gesellschaftlicher Sicht problematisch." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Praag, Lore van & Noel Clycq (2020): Going to work without educational qualifications: school-to-work transitions of early school leavers in Belgium. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 465-480. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1620926

Abstract

"Risks of exclusion can occur in multiple forms and start early in life. Early school leavers are especially at risk of social exclusion as this is strongly related to turbulent school-to-work-transitions. These young people often find themselves in low-qualified work or unemployment. In this article, we explore the labour market experiences of early school leavers in Flanders, Belgium. In total, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with nine early school leavers and analysed following a grounded theory approach. Our results demonstrate the difficulties early school leavers encounter in their transitions from school to work and their precarious situation in the labour market. Of particular relevance are the insights gained in revealing the perspectives of young people on the importance of educational qualifications, work experience and participation in the labour market, as well as the strategies they develop to enter the labour market without educational qualifications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ramakers, Anke, Mikko Aaltonen & Pekka Martikainen (2020): A closer look at labour market status and crime among a general population sample of young men and women. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 43. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2019.100322

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Roberts, Ken (2020): Regime Change: Education to Work Transitions in England, 1980s-2020s. In: Journal of applied youth studies, Jg. 3, H. 1, S. 23-42. DOI:10.1007/s43151-020-00004-6

Abstract

"This paper argues the case for viewing a country’s transition regime as a totality in which different career steps and routes assign significance and value to one another. Following the destruction of major sections of Britain’s transition regime in the 1970s and 1980s, the paper explains how the regime has subsequently been reconstructed following the 1988 Education Reform Act, replacing the vocational education and training schemes of the 1980s with government-supported apprenticeships, almost uninterrupted employment growth since 1992, and the financialization of the corporate economy alongside uncapped expansion of higher education. England’s current transition regime keeps rates of youth unemployment and NEET below the European Union averages and delivers the fastest transitions in Europe. However, the reconstructed regime also locks-in features that may well become long-term problems, namely an expensive higher education system which leaves graduates with debts that many do not expect to repay in full, and substantial low wage, low skill, low productivity sectors in the economy and workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rodrigues, Margarida (2020): Skills and Youth Unemployment: Cross-Country Evidence from Synthetic Panel Data. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 217-248., 2020-05-01. DOI:10.1086/708855

Abstract

"This paper estimates the effect of human capital on countries’ youth unemployment ratio, by using country average scores from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the unemployment ratio of the same birth cohort. The identification strategy is based on variations in skills within country-by-year and across PISA cohorts. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in reading literacy decreases the unemployment ratio by 1.2 percentage points, which is accounted for by a significant increase in employment. We find some evidence that educational and labour market institutions play a role in the association between skills and unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schels, Brigitte (2020): Not in Employment, Education, or Training (Neet) und geringqualifiziert: Problemlagen von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Übergang in das Erwerbsleben. In: A. Rauch (Hrsg.) & S. Tophoven (Hrsg.) (2020): Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt, Stuttgart, Kohlhammer S. 79-94, 2019-06-04.

Abstract

"Im Mittelpunkt dieses Kapitels stehen junge Menschen, die Schwierigkeiten im Übergang von der Schule in das Erwerbsleben haben. Sie lernen, dass die Gruppe nicht nur über Arbeitslosigkeit definiert werden kann, sondern dass in der politischen Diskussion zunehmend das NEET-Konzept an Bedeutung gewonnen hat (NEET von "Not in Employment, Education, or Training"). Zudem kommt den Bildungsvoraussetzungen von jungen Menschen weiterhin eine gewichtige Rolle am Arbeits- und Ausbildungsmarkt zu, weshalb auch auf die Situation geringqualifizierter junger Menschen eingegangen wird. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die Definition der Risikogruppen unter den jungen Menschen über Normen, hier gesellschaftliche Erwartungen an einen lückenlosen Übergang von der Schule in das Erwerbsleben, und Bildungsstandards erfolgt. In dem Kapitel wird auf Erklärungsansätze eingegangen, wie sich diese Normen herausgebildet haben. Es wird thematisiert, wie die sozialpolitische Förderung von jungen Menschen mit Schwierigkeiten im Übergang von der Schule in das Erwerbsleben aussieht. Schließlich wird kritisch diskutiert, dass die Kategorien NEET und Geringqualifiziert auch an Grenzen stoßen, um die Problemlagen von jungen Menschen im Übergang in das Erwerbsleben in ihrer Differnziertheit zu erfassen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Sofritti, Federico, Angelo Benozzo, Neil Carey & Maria Chiara Pizzorno (2020): Working precarious careers trajectories: tracing neoliberal discourses in younger workers' narratives. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 23, H. 8, S. 1054-1070. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2019.1654602

Abstract

"The aim of this article is to explore how, in the context of the post Global Financial Crisis (GFC), some Italian younger workers in a specific geographical region in Italy recount their work trajectories. Drawing on narrative interviews with ten participants (aged between 24 and 30) as part of a research project carried out in the Autonomous region of Aosta Valley in Italy, the article traces discourses closely associated with neoliberalism - the discourses of the entrepreneurial self, employability and self-responsibilisation - through which subjects' work experiences take shape. Moreover, the analysis highlights how locality, one's personal relation with the geographical territory, makes more complex the younger people's negotiations in crafting themselves vis-à-vis precarious employment opportunities and wider socio-economic dynamics in respect of precarious employment opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Tåhlin, Michael & Johan Westerman (2020): Youth employment decline and the structural change of skill. In: European Societies, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 47-76. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2018.1552981

Abstract

"Labor market prospects for youth have deteriorated significantly in many OECD countries over recent decades. While the extent and consequences of falling youth employment are commonly studied, attempts at understanding its causes have been much more limited. The present paper attempts to fill this explanatory gap. We suggest that the secular decline in youth employment can be accounted for by the structural change of skill. This process of structural change has two interrelated components: (a) one part where skill supply (individual educational attainment) and skill demand (educational requirements of jobs) grow together in what can be called matched upgrading and (b) another part where excess skill supply leads to mismatch and crowding-out. These components of skill growth have commonly been treated separately and incompletely in the literature. We build on both of them in developing our account of why the labor market for youth has weakened. Using data on 10 European countries from the EU Labor Force Surveys over the period 1998 to 2015, we estimate associations between the structural change of skill and youth employment decline. The main conclusion is that both matched skill upgrading and overeducation are strongly and negatively linked to young people's employment chances." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vugt, Lynn van, Rense Nieuwenhuis & Mark Levels (2020): Escaping the motherhood trap: Parental leave and childcare help young mothers to avoid NEET risks. (Research memoranda / VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 2020,33), Amsterdam, 58 S. DOI:10.26481/umagsb.2020033

Abstract

"This paper explores to what extent and how the risk that young mothers become NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) later in life is related to family policy provisions (i.e. parental leave and Early Childhood Education and Care). We examine a three-staged process: the relation between (a) characteristics of family policies and the use of it, (b) the use of family policy provisions and NEET risks, and (c) the effectiveness of family policy provisions on the characteristics of these family policies. Combining data from the EU-LFS with macro-level indicators of family policies, we analyse NEET risks of 13,613 young mothers (20-29) in 27 EU-countries. We find that young mothers are more likely to take parental leave if it is paid for a longer period of time, and are more likely to use ECEC when childcare placement is guaranteed. Both parental leave and ECEC services are associated with lower NEET risks, as long as they are not used for overly short or long periods. However, this depends largely on the way parental leave is organised. In addition, in countries where ECEC is more affordable, young mothers who use ECEC are better protected against NEET risks later in life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Watson, Ian (2020): The youth labour market: From education to work before and after the global financial crisis. In: The journal of industrial relations, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 33-57. DOI:10.1177/0022185619843959

Abstract

"This article examines labour market outcomes for teenagers and young adults before and after the global financial crisis. Using labour market activity calendar data, I analyse two cohorts of young people - a pre-global financial crisis cohort and a post-global financial crisis cohort - over the period from 2001 to 2016. A life course approach (sequence analysis) is used to track education-to-work transitions over this period. Optimal matching methods and cluster analysis are used to subdivide the cohorts into three distinctive categories. These form the basis for further analysis, including regression modelling. The key issue examined is whether labour market outcomes differed between these two cohorts, and, by extension, between the periods before and after the global financial crisis. In addition, the categorisation is used to examine issues of long-term marginalisation in the labour market. The main labour market outcomes analysed were gaining employment and conditions of employment, specifically underemployment and casualisation. The article concludes that gaining employment significantly deteriorated over this period. Furthermore, while the comparison of global financial crisis cohorts showed no significant differences when it came to underemployment and casualisation, this partly reflected the fact that both of these were already very high among this population of teenagers and young adults." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean & Yi Yang (2020): Labor Market Uncertainties for Youth and Young Adults. An International Perspective. In: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jg. 688, H. 1, S. 7-19. DOI:10.1177/0002716220913487

Abstract

"A crisis for youth labor market conditions has been building globally for more than two decades, reflected in the persistently high rates of youth unemployment around the world, which is about three times as high as that for adults. About one in five young people are not in education, employment, or training, and a large share of young adults are working in the informal economy or in precarious conditions. This volume includes a collection of thirteen articles that examine the causes, patterns, and consequences of labor market uncertainties for youth and young adults in Europe, Latin/South America, the United States, and Asia, as well as a concluding article. They reveal vast inequalities among young people, with those having the least education and lowest skills, females, those with low family socioeconomic status (SES), ethnic minorities, and migrants being the most vulnerable. In this introduction, we describe the global trends and regional variation in labor market conditions for young people, explicate the importance of integrating young people into labor markets, and summarize the findings and policy implications of these articles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Úbeda, Miquel, M. Àngels Cabasés, Malena Sabaté & Tanja Strecker (2020): The Deterioration of the Spanish Youth Labour Market (1985–2015). An Interdisciplinary Case Study. In: Young, Jg. 28, H. 5, S. 544-563. DOI:10.1177/1103308820914838

Abstract

"The Spanish labour market is notorious for its high unemployment rate and its exceptionally high youth unemployment rate, job insecurity, impermanence and underemployment. This article presents a systematic analysis of the Spanish labour market's deterioration process, in particular focusing on the youth labour market. It combines historic reviews with statistical analyses of data from official sources, like the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (CSWL), through different econometric models. The procedure consists of three steps: (a) first, a historical estimation to facilitate the systematic selection of the statistics, in this case contracts taken from a large sample of the Spanish workforce over the period 1985-2015; (b) econometric modelling of relevant indicators, in this case the average annual income, daily working hours and average length of contract; and (c) an analysis of the identified trends and conjuncture regarding precarious work and gender inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2020): Entwicklungen in der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten und der Fraktion der FDP (Drucksache 19/22719). (Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksachen 19/23099 (06.10.2020)), 21 S.

Abstract

Die Bundesregierung antwortet auf die Anfrage der Abgeordneten Matthias Seestern-Pauly, Katja Suding, Grigorios Aggelidis, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion der FDP zu Entwicklungen in der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit u.a. mit Statistiken zur Entwicklung der Jugendarbeitslosenquote, zu Zu- und Abgängen aus Jugendgarantie und zu Nichterwerbstätigen Jugendlichen, die weder an Bildung noch an Weiterbildung teilnehmen. (IAB-Doku)

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(2020): Global employment trends for youth 2020. Technology and the future of jobs. (Global employment trends for youth ...), Genf, 184 S.

Abstract

"Incorporating the most recent labour market information available, Global Employment Trends for Youth sets out the youth labour market situation around the world. It shows where progress has or has not been made, updates world and regional youth labour market indicators, and gives detailed analyses of medium-term trends in youth population, labour force, employment and unemployment. The 2020 edition discusses the implications of technological change for the nature of jobs available to young people. It focuses on shifts in job characteristics, sectors and skills, as well as examining the impact of technological change on inequalities in youth labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aigner-Walder, Birgit & Marika Gruber (2019): Jugendarbeitslosigkeit und Migration im ländlichen Raum. Analyse am Beispiel des Bundeslandes Kärnten. (AMS report 136), Wien, 37 S.

Abstract

"Der vorliegende Beitrag verfolgt die Zielsetzung, die Relevanz von Jugendarbeitslosigkeit für Migrationsbewegungen zu analysieren. Sowohl die theoretischen Darlegungen als auch die empirischen Ergebnisse am Beispiel des Bundeslandes Kärnten weisen auf die hohe Relevanz von arbeitsmarktbezogenen Faktoren für die Abwanderung aus einer Region bzw. eine potenzielle Rückwanderung von Jugendlichen hin. Während für innerhalb Österreichs wandernde Personen durch die Migrationsbewegung vorwiegend eine Verbesserung der Erwerbssituation gegeben scheint, kann diese Aussage für von aus dem Ausland zugewanderte Personen nur bedingt getätigt werden; die Arbeitslosigkeit unter zugewanderten Jugendlichen ist überdurchschnittlich hoch." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ayllón, Sara & Xavier Ramos (2019): Youth earnings and labour market volatility in Europe. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 158, H. 1, S. 83-113. DOI:10.1111/ilr.12069

Abstract

"We provide new evidence on earnings volatility and labour market volatility, which also includes flows into and out of employment, of young workers across Europe during the Great Recession, and examine the institutional factors that may shape these flows. Using EU-SILC data, we document large disparities in volatility levels and trends across European countries. As expected, the Great Recession increased volatility among Europe's youth, offsetting the falling trend observed over the last years of economic prosperity. Larger unemployment benefits and more stringent employment protection legislation are related to lower earnings and labour market volatility." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Bayrak, Riza & Halim Tatli (2019): The determinants of youth unemployment: A panel data analysis of OECD countries. In: European Journal of Comparative Economics, Jg. 15, H. 2, S. 231-248. DOI:10.25428/1824-2979/201802-231-248

Abstract

"The aim of this study was to determine some of the key factors affecting youth employment from 2000-2015. Youth unemployment rate (YU) was the dependent variable while consumer price index (INF), domestic gross savings (GS), labor productivity (LP) and economic growth rate (GR) were the independent variables. Data from 31 OECD countries were obtained from World Bank (WB) and OECD databases. Panel Data Analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show that growth, inflation, and savings affect youth unemployment negatively while labor productivity affects youth employment positively. It is therefore concluded that growth, inflation, savings and labor productivity are among the key determinants of youth unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Binelli, Chiara (2019): Employment and earnings expectations of jobless young skilled. Evidence from Italy. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 145, H. 1, S. 201-231. DOI:10.1007/s11205-019-02106-y

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Bolíbar, Mireia, Joan Miquel Verd & Oriol Barranco (2019): The downward spiral of youth unemployment. An approach considering social networks and family background. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 401-421. DOI:10.1177/0950017018822918

Abstract

"Taking as a starting point the relationship between unemployment and the loss of social support put forward by social exclusion theory, this article aims to analyse how long-term unemployment affects young people's support networks for job seeking. To do so, it uses the framework of social network analysis. Based on data produced by a personal network survey of 250 young individuals in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, the results highlight the particularly harmful effect of long-term unemployment on the support network of young individuals with a low family socioeconomic status background. Unemployment reduces the presence of resourceful contacts among these young workers, which is not the case for young people with a higher family socioeconomic status. Moreover, gender and educational level intervene in the relationship between unemployment and loss of social support. These findings refine the social exclusion theory shedding light on how social inequalities crosscut labour market trajectories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bussi, Margherita & Paolo Graziano (2019): Europeanisation and the youth guarantee. The case of France. In: International journal of social welfare, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 394-403. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12400

Abstract

"In 2013, the European Council approved the Youth Guarantee (YG) to counteract youth unemployment. Because of its specific features, the YG is useful for understanding whether the EU has triggered policy change in national youth unemployment policies. Contrary to most of the literature on similar topics, we focused in this study on the effect of this specific European measure rather than on broader EU strategies or policies. The study contributes to the literature by qualifying the degree of fit/misfit and suggesting a counterfactual analysis, using the case of France. We first situate the article within the broader Europeanisation debate and present our research design. The second section introduces the policy structure of the YG and investigates youth unemployment policy in France, prior to and after the European initiative. The third section discusses whether the French youth unemployment policy would have been developed in the same way without the YG. A final section concludes." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Buxhoeveden, Mathias von (2019): Unemployment insurance and youth labor market entry. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2019,12), Uppsala, 37 S.

Abstract

"This paper estimates the effects of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits on job finding rates and entry level wages for unemployed high school leavers. Up to year 2007, Swedish high school-students who became unemployed shortly after graduation were entitled to UI-benefits once they became 20 years of age. Therefore, the start of an unemployment spell relative to the 20th birthday creates potentially exogenous variation in time to treatment. I exploit this to estimate the effect of UI benefits on unemployment duration and entry level wages. The results show that there is a large and statistically significant negative effect of UI benefits on the employment hazard. There are no detectable effects on entry level wages. This would suggest that unemployment benefits induce high school leavers to postpone labor market entry but does not seem to effect job match quality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Conrads, Ralph, Thomas Freiling & Angela Ulrich (2019): Benachteiligte Jugendliche in Ausbildung und Beruf individuell begleiten. Empfehlungen zur Umgestaltung der "Assistierten Ausbildung". Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, 93 S. DOI:10.3278/6004752w

Abstract

"Die "Assistierte Ausbildung" (AsA) soll als ein Arbeitsmarktinstrument benachteiligten Jugendlichen den Weg in Berufsausbildung und Beruf erleichtern, ihre Chancen auf den Abschluss einer Berufsausbildung erhöhen und Ausbildungsabbrüche vermeiden. Der Band dokumentiert die Ergebnisse der explorativ angelegten Begleitforschung. Grundlage der Studie sind qualitative Interviews zu Erwartungen, Verlauf und Ergebnissen der AsA mit Auszubildenden, Ausbildungsbetrieben sowie Fachkräften der Arbeitsagenturen und Bildungsdienstleister. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Assistierte Ausbildung einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Integration benachteiligter Jugendlicher in den Arbeitsmarkt leistet. Die Studie identifiziert jedoch auch Optimierungsbedarf, wie z. B. eine stärkere Flexibilisierung und Modularisierung, um noch besser auf die Bedürfnisse aller Akteure eingehen zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Contini, Dalit, Marianna Filandri & Lia Pacelli (2019): Persistency in the NEET state: a longitudinal analysis. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 22, H. 7, S. 959-980. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2018.1562161

Abstract

"This article addresses the NEET phenomenon in a longitudinal perspective, by examining the case of Italy, a country experiencing one of the highest and increasing NEET shares in the EU. We exploit the longitudinal sample of the 2008-2011 EU-SILC data, providing self-declared information on individuals' educational and occupational status on a monthly basis for 4 years. Firstly, we propose a classification of individual histories in education, employment and the NEET states. According to our estimates, more than 40% of the Italian young people report being NEET for at least 13 months out of 48, and more than 10% for (almost) the entire period. Secondly, we examine the composition of the NEET groups and draw a long-term NEET risk profile for individuals from different sociodemographic groups. Thirdly, we examine the longitudinal histories by distinguishing between unemployment and inactivity spells. Our findings show that the NEET phenomenon among Italian young adults is largely an issue of unemployment. The only exception is represented by Italian older females with children, the majority of which portrays themselves as inactive. Still, a sizable portion of these women define themselves as being mainly 'unemployed' instead of 'performing domestic tasks', indicating an unsatisfied wish or need to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Edwards, Kathryn Anne & Jeffrey B. Wenger (2019): Parents with an Unemployed Adult Child: Consumption, Income, and Savings Effects. In: IZA journal of labor economics, Jg. 8, H. 1, S. 1-44. DOI:10.2478/izajole-2019-0001

Abstract

"The risk of labor market, health, and asset-value shocks comprise profound retirement savings challenges for older workers. Parents, however, may experience added risk if their children experience adverse labor market shocks. Prior research has shown that parents support their children financially through an unemployment spell. In this paper, we also provide evidence of financial support from parents and investigate if this financial support is accompanied by adjustments to parental consumption, income, or savings behavior. With longitudinal data on mothers and children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we use within-mother variation in behavior to identify the effect of a child’s labor market shock on parent outcomes. We find evidence of a decline in consumption, an increase in labor supply, and a decrease retirement savings, though the results are heterogenous among mothers. Our results point to aggregate inefficiencies and inequities that may result from family risk sharing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fradkin, Andrey, Frédéric Panier & Ilan Tojerow (2019): Blame the parents? How parental unemployment affects labor supply and job quality for young adults. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 35-100. DOI:10.1086/698896

Abstract

"We study the role of shocks to parental income in determining the labor market outcomes of children entering the labor market. We find that a child whose parent loses a job prior to the child's labor market entry is, on average, induced to work 9% more in the 3 years following labor market entry than a child whose parents lose a job after the child's entry. This effect is concentrated on the extensive margin and decreases in magnitude over time. We find no evidence that these shocks affect the quality of the job that entrants find." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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García-Pérez, J. Ignacio, Ioana Marinescu & Judit Vall Castello (2019): Can fixed-term contracts put low skilled youth on a better career path? Evidence from Spain. In: The economic journal, Jg. 129, H. 620, S. 1693-1730. DOI:10.1111/ecoj.12621

Abstract

"By reducing the commitment made by employers, fixed-term contracts can help low-skilled youth find a first job. However, the long-term impact of fixed-term contracts on these workers' careers may be negative. Using Spanish social security data, we analysed the impact of a large liberalisation in the regulation of fixed-term contracts in 1984. Using a cohort regression discontinuity design, we find that over the first 10 years in the labour market, the reform reduced the number of days worked (by 4.9%) and earnings (by 9.8%). Over 27 years of labour market career, yearly earnings losses amount to a persistent 7.3%." (Author's abstract) ((en))

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Gaspani, Fabio (2019): Young adults NEET and everyday life. Time management and temporal subjectivities. In: Young. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 69-88. DOI:10.1177/1103308818761424

Abstract

"The article investigates the everyday realities of young adults who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) in Italy and focuses on both time management and temporal subjectivities. In reference to the first point, the analysis of individuals' typical days reveals different temporal organization strategies and the activities they consider important to structure their time. As for the study of temporal subjectivities, the article deals with the representations and control on everyday time, which are determined not only by the amount of time spent for specific activities but also by how such activities are performed, taking into account the interactions with others and the contexts. The study of NEET experiences allow a reflection both in reference to youth difficulties in managing time and their agency in an age of uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gille, Christoph (2019): Junge Erwerbslose in Spanien und Deutschland. Alltag und Handlungsfähigkeit in wohlfahrtskapitalistischen Regimen. (Transformation des Sozialen - Transformation Sozialer Arbeit 07), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 490 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-24462-0

Abstract

"Die grundlegenden Veränderungen von Wohlfahrtsstaat und Kapitalismus schlagen sich in der EU insbesondere im Alltag junger Erwerbsloser nieder. Christoph Gille untersucht, wie junge Menschen in Spanien und Deutschland trotz der Restriktionen, die damit verbunden sind, Handlungsfähigkeit in ihrem Alltag herstellen. Dazu entwickelt er in der Tradition der Wohlfahrtsstaatenforschung "von unten" ein akteursbezogenes Verständnis des jeweiligen nationalen Kontextes. Deutlich werden so die Effekte der unterschiedlichen Sozialstaaten, aber auch die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den beiden Ländern, und damit der transnationale Charakter der andauernden wohlfahrtskapitalistischen Transformation." (Verlagsangaben, © Springer)

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Hagemann, Linda & Marina Ruth (2019): Schnittstellen in der Sozialpolitik. Eine Analyse am Beispiel der Einrichtung von Jugendberufsagenturen. (IAQ-Report 2019-02), Duisburg, 26 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/48361

Abstract

"- Jugendliche im Übergang von der Schule in den Beruf werden in der Sozialpolitik von Akteuren aus drei Rechtskreisen betreut - SGB II (Grundsicherung), III (Arbeitsförderung) und VIII (Jugendhilfe).
- Zur besseren Verzahnung dieser Schnittstellen werden Jugendberufsagenturen eingerichtet, für die es kein einheitliches Konzept gibt, sodass jede Agentur anders gestaltet ist und andere Kooperationspartner, Strukturen zur Zusammenarbeit und Organisationsformen aufweist.
- Generell lassen sich in der konkreten Ausgestaltung der Jugendberufsagenturen vor allem drei Modelle identifizieren: eine Gesamtpartnerschaft aller drei Rechtskreise, eine Fokuspartnerschaft der Arbeitsverwaltung und eine Fokuspartnerschaft von Jobcenter und Jugendhilfe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)