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Menschen mit Behinderungen in Ausbildung und Beruf

Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz und dem Nationalen Aktionsplan 2.0 wurden 2016 zwei wichtige behindertenpolitische Vorhaben angestoßen und in den Folgejahren umgesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Damit soll im Einklang mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention die Inklusion in Deutschland weiter vorangetrieben werden, indem die Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen gestärkt werden. Mit dem schrittweisen Inkrafttreten des Bundesteilhabegesetzes erfuhren das Recht der Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und die Eingliederungshilfe (SGB IX) weitreichende Änderungen. Wie stellt sich die Situation von behinderten Menschen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dar? Wie lassen sich behindertengerechte Berufsleben und inklusive Arbeitswelten gestalten?
Die Infoplattform stellt zentrale Dokumente und relevante Quellenhinweise zusammen, inhaltlich strukturiert nach den Aspekten der Politik für behinderte Menschen und den diskutierten bzw. realisierten Reformanstrengungen.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The work activity and participation outcomes framework: a new look at work disability outcomes through the lens of the ICF (2015)

    AlHeresh, Rawan A.; Keysor, Julie J.;

    Zitatform

    AlHeresh, Rawan A. & Julie J. Keysor (2015): The work activity and participation outcomes framework. A new look at work disability outcomes through the lens of the ICF. In: International journal of rehabilitation research, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 107-112.

    Abstract

    "Work disability is common among people with chronic conditions. The terminology in the field is variable and often used interchangeably and there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks to describe work as an outcome. Varied operationalization of work disability makes it difficult to establish precise estimates of the impact of chronic musculoskeletal conditions on work. A new conceptual framework was developed using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and was named 'Work Activity and Participation Outcome (Work APO) Framework' which clarified definitions in the field. Applying the framework to people at risk of work disability and evaluating their outcomes could advance the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The disability employment puzzle: a field experiment on employer hiring behavior (2015)

    Ameri, Mason ; Bentley, Scott; Kruse, Douglas ; McKay, Patrick; Adya, Meera; Schur, Lisa ;

    Zitatform

    Ameri, Mason, Lisa Schur, Meera Adya, Scott Bentley, Patrick McKay & Douglas Kruse (2015): The disability employment puzzle. A field experiment on employer hiring behavior. (NBER working paper 21560), Cambrige, Mass., 70 S. DOI:10.3386/w21560

    Abstract

    "People with disabilities have low employment and wage levels, and some studies suggest employer discrimination is a contributing factor. Following the method of Bertrand and Mullainathan (2003), new evidence is presented from a field experiment that sent applications in response to 6,016 advertised accounting positions from well-qualified fictional applicants, with one-third of cover letters disclosing that the applicant has a spinal cord injury, one-third disclosing the presence of Asperger's Syndrome, and one-third not mentioning disability. These specific disabilities were chosen because they would not be expected to limit productivity in accounting, helping rule out productivity-based explanations for any differences in employer responses. Half of the resumes portrayed a novice accountant, and half portrayed an experienced one. The fictional applicants with disabilities received 26% fewer expressions of employer interest than those without disabilities, with little difference between the two types of disability. The disability gap was concentrated among more experienced applicants, and among private companies with fewer than 15 employees that are not covered by the ADA, although comparable state statutes cover about half of them. Comparisons above and below disability law coverage thresholds point to a possible positive effect of the ADA on employer responses to applicants with disabilities, but no clear effects of state laws. The overall pattern of findings is consistent with the idea that disability discrimination continues to impede employment prospects of people with disabilities, and more attention needs to be paid to employer behavior and the demand side of the labor market for people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The impact of a disability on labour market status: a comparison of the public and private sectors (2015)

    Barnay, Thomas ; Narcy, Mathieu; Clainche, Christine Le; Videau, Yann; Duguet, Emmanuel ;

    Zitatform

    Barnay, Thomas, Emmanuel Duguet, Christine Le Clainche, Mathieu Narcy & Yann Videau (2015): The impact of a disability on labour market status. A comparison of the public and private sectors. (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi. Document de travail 178), Noisy-le-Grand, 30 S.

    Abstract

    "This study analyses the causal effect of a disability on subsequent labour market status by distinguishing between public employment and private employment in France. This study provides two original contributions. First, previous studies have not distinguished between the public and private sectors although the characteristics of these sectors are likely to affect the relationship between the occurrence of a disability and labour market status. Second, we implement a difference-in-differences approach combined with an exact and dynamic matching method, which has never been used to estimate the effect of a disability on labour market status. We utilise data from the Santé et itinéraire professionnel (SIP) survey conducted in France during the period 2006-2007. The results indicate that the occurrence of a disability exerts a strong detrimental effect on private employment but has no significant effect on public employment during the five years after its occurrence. Moreover, this public/private difference is neither explained by differences in the type of disability nor by differences in the composition of the workforce employed in each sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment opportunities for persons with different types of disability (2015)

    Boman, Tomas; Kjellberg, Anders ; Boman, Eva ; Danermark, Berth ;

    Zitatform

    Boman, Tomas, Anders Kjellberg, Berth Danermark & Eva Boman (2015): Employment opportunities for persons with different types of disability. In: ALTER. European Journal of Disability Research, Jg. 9, H. 2, S. 116-129. DOI:10.1016/j.alter.2014.11.003

    Abstract

    "The employment status of groups with different disabilities was analysed as were potentially important moderating factors (work ability, structural and individual factors). A secondary analysis was performed on 4359 respondents with disabilities from Statistics Sweden's Labour Market Investigation. The respondents were divided into six disability groups (communicative-hearing, communicative-speech-reading, communicative-vision, psychological disability, medical disability, physical disability). Logistic regression analyses showed that the probability of being employed was highest among respondents with hearing disabilities and respondents with psychological disabilities were least likely to be employed. Being a woman (very young or old) with only primary education and with partially or very impaired work ability, reduced employment opportunities. Higher education did not increase employment opportunities for respondents with impaired work ability. In summary, the type of disability is essential for employment opportunities, and differences between disability groups cannot be explained by differences in other variables. The moderating factors studied were found to be of equal importance in all groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Protecting working-age people with disabilities: experiences of four industrialized nations (2015)

    Burkhauser, Richard V. ; Daly, Mary C.; Ziebarth, Nicolas;

    Zitatform

    Burkhauser, Richard V., Mary C. Daly & Nicolas Ziebarth (2015): Protecting working-age people with disabilities. Experiences of four industrialized nations. (IZA discussion paper 9186), Bonn, 50 S.

    Abstract

    "Although industrialized nations have long provided public protection to working-age individuals with disabilities, the form has changed over time. The impetus for change has been multi-faceted: rapid growth in program costs; greater awareness that people with impairments are able and willing to work; and increased recognition that protecting the economic security of people with disabilities might best be done by keeping them in the labor market. Here we describe the evolution of disability programs in four countries: Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. We show how growth in the receipt of publically provided disability benefits has fluctuated over time and discuss how policy choices played a role. Based on our descriptive comparative analysis we summarize shared experiences that potentially benefit policymakers in all countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Differential vocational rehabilitation service patterns related to the job retention and job placement needs of people with diabetes (2015)

    Chiu, Chung-Yi; Chan, Fong ; Pfaller, Joseph; Rumrill, Phillip; Sharp, Seneca; Cheing, Gladys; Sanchez, Jennifer;

    Zitatform

    Chiu, Chung-Yi, Seneca Sharp, Joseph Pfaller, Phillip Rumrill, Gladys Cheing, Jennifer Sanchez & Fong Chan (2015): Differential vocational rehabilitation service patterns related to the job retention and job placement needs of people with diabetes. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 2, S. 177-185. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150734

    Abstract

    "It is clear that the chronic progression of diabetes, as well as other socio-environmental factors, act as barriers to individuals seeking to maintain employment. Long-term employment outcomes of people with diabetes can be improved by providing customized interventions to help individuals retain their current employment. This investigation examined differential vocational rehabilitation (VR) service patterns between two groups of clients with diabetes, those who were employed at the time of application and those who were unemployed. Quantitative descriptive research design using multiple discriminant analysis (MDS). Participants included 5,427 individuals with diabetes whose VR cases were closed in Fiscal Year 2011.
    MDS revealed that the employed applicants group had higher propensities than the unemployed applicants group to receive assessment, diagnosis and treatment, counseling and guidance, rehabilitation technology, and on-the-job supports as part of the VR process. The unemployed applicants group had higher propensities to receive occupational/vocational training, job readiness, job placement, and other services. These differential service patterns suggest that the client's employment status at the inception of his or her VR program is taken into close consideration during the case planning and goal-setting phases of the VR process. Implications for future research and VR service delivery are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Evaluating the potential cost-savings of job accommodations among individuals with psychiatric disability (2015)

    Chow, Clifton M.; Cichocki, Benjamin; Croft, Bevin ;

    Zitatform

    Chow, Clifton M., Bevin Croft & Benjamin Cichocki (2015): Evaluating the potential cost-savings of job accommodations among individuals with psychiatric disability. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 43, H. 1, S. 67-74. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150755

    Abstract

    "Background: Two decades since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, individuals with psychiatric disabilities continue to face barriers to employment that includes sensitivity to the benefit structure of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
    Objective: This study examines cost-savings to the SSI program due to enhanced employment outcomes for persons with psychiatric disabilities associated with the receipt of job accommodations.
    Methods: Data come from a federally funded, multi-site, implementation effectiveness study of supported employment models for 987 working age adults. Cost-savings were estimated using ordinary least squares regression to examine averted SSI payment.
    Results: Accommodations were associated with a marginal monthly SSI savings of $11.73, and these savings were 68 percent higher compared to the non-accommodations group. Being married, having independent housing, and recent employment history predicted savings increases. Physical and emotional problems affecting work, a schizophrenia diagnosis, and symptoms of social withdrawal and blunted affect predicted lower savings.
    Conclusions: This study adds to a small body of literature examining the impact of accommodations for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Future work in this area might examine savings to the Social Security Disability Insurance program and should include factors unavailable in this analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Longitudinal outcomes of Project SEARCH in upstate New York (2015)

    Christensen, JulieJ.; Riehle, Erin; Hetherington, Susan; Daston, Maryellen;

    Zitatform

    Christensen, JulieJ., Susan Hetherington, Maryellen Daston & Erin Riehle (2015): Longitudinal outcomes of Project SEARCH in upstate New York. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 247-255. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150746

    Abstract

    "Background: Project SEARCH is a successful job readiness program for high school students with disabilities, ages 18 - 21, and is recognized for its innovative approach and collaborative efforts between business, education and vocational rehabilitative services. Project SEARCH employment outcomes far exceed the national average rate of employment for people with disabilities, with a 68% success rate in transitioning students from high school into competitive employment. However, little is known about the long term employment outcomes for the young people who have completed the training program.
    Objective: This study, that includes longitudinal data collected from three Project SEARCH sites in Upstate New York that have an impressive 83% success rate overall, provides the first longitudinal analysis of the impact of Project SEARCH.
    Conclusion: Data collected as part of this 5-year evaluation project indicate promising trends; and support the notion that the Project SEARCH model is successfully preparing young students with disabilities with the skills necessary to both obtain and retain employment in integrated work settings. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to substantiate the reported outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The workplace discrimination experiences of older workers with disabilities: results from the national EEOC ADA research project (2015)

    Cichy, Kelly E. ; Li, Jian ; McMahon, Brian T. ; Rumrill, Phillip D.;

    Zitatform

    Cichy, Kelly E., Jian Li, Brian T. McMahon & Phillip D. Rumrill (2015): The workplace discrimination experiences of older workers with disabilities. Results from the national EEOC ADA research project. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 137-148. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150763

    Abstract

    "Background: In this study, investigators examined the employment discrimination experiences of older workers (55 and over) with disabilities in comparison to younger adult workers with disabilities.
    Objective: To examine age as a differential indicator of demographic characteristics of the Charging Parties, characteristics of Employers against whom allegations were filed, the discrimination issues alleged to occur, and the legal outcome of allegation investigations.
    Methods: The study utilized data from the Integrated Mission System of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
    Results: Findings indicate that allegations filed by older Charging Parties were more likely to come from males and Caucasians and to involve more nonparalytic orthopedic, cardiovascular, vision, hearing, endocrinological, respiratory, and other age-related impairments. Allegations filed by older Charging Parties involved fewer mental health concerns, substance use disorders, blood and immune disorders, developmental disabilities, and chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Allegations filed by older workers were less likely to involve involuntary termination and more likely to involve work assignments, the terms and conditions of employment, layoff, and involuntary retirement. No significant differences in the proportions of allegations were observed related to the size of respondent employers or the outcomes of the EEOC's investigatory process.
    Conclusions: Results suggest that many of the workplace discrimination experiences of people with disabilities are common across age groups, and that partial support is evident for 'double jeopardy' in the treatment of older workers with disabilities. Implications for policy and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The effects of vocational rehabilitation for people with cognitive impairments (2015)

    Dean, David; Pepper, John; Stern, Steven ; Schmidt, Robert;

    Zitatform

    Dean, David, John Pepper, Robert Schmidt & Steven Stern (2015): The effects of vocational rehabilitation for people with cognitive impairments. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 399-426. DOI:10.1111/iere.12109

    Abstract

    "This article utilizes administrative data to examine both short- and long-term employment impacts for people with cognitive impairments who applied for vocational rehabilitation services in Virginia in 2000. These data provide long-term quarterly information on services and employment outcomes. We model behavior, allow for multiple service choices, use long-run labor market data, and use valid instruments. Results imply that services generally have positive long-run labor market outcome effects that appear to substantially exceed the cost of providing services." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Staying employed: services and supports for workers with disabilities (2015)

    Denny-Brown, Noelle; O'Day, Bonnie; McLeod, Stephanie;

    Zitatform

    Denny-Brown, Noelle, Bonnie O'Day & Stephanie McLeod (2015): Staying employed: services and supports for workers with disabilities. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 124-131. DOI:10.1177/1044207315583899

    Abstract

    "To obtain and maintain employment, workers with disabilities may need services and supports that are not covered by private or public health insurance plans. This study explores the services, supports, and accommodations that people with disabilities use to find and keep competitive employment; how they obtain needed supports; and the extent to which they pay out of pocket for work-related supports. We conducted an exploratory study using in-depth interviews with 15 workers with disabilities who in 2013 earned at least 250% of the poverty level, or about US$28,000 a year for a single person. Most respondents needed some supports or accommodations to sustain their employment, but on the whole, these supports were neither costly nor resource intensive for employers to provide. The most frequently used supports were assistive technology (AT), including wheelchairs, communication devices such as video relay phones, and visual aids to enhance individuals' access to information. Respondents also used staff supports and modified work schedules. Out-of-pocket costs for services and supports used on and off the job ranged from US$0 to US$14,800 per year for personal care assistants, medical goods and services, coinsurance payments, AT, and service animals. Individual needs, the nature of the job, and the extent to which health insurance or other sources covered the costs for work-related services and supports all factored into the challenges these workers with disabilities encountered and the solutions they devised to find and keep jobs that pay at least a moderate salary." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    An exploratory investigation into family perspectives after the family employment awareness training (2015)

    Francis, Grace L.; Gross, Judith M. S.; Turnbull III, H. Rutherford; Turnbull, Ann P.;

    Zitatform

    Francis, Grace L., Judith M. S. Gross, Ann P. Turnbull & H. Rutherford Turnbull III (2015): An exploratory investigation into family perspectives after the family employment awareness training. In: Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 68-77. DOI:10.1177/2165143414528241

    Abstract

    "Competitive employment (i.e., employment in community settings among people without disabilities for minimum wage or higher) improves quality of life for people with disabilities who have individualized support needs (ISN). However, attaining competitive employment can be challenging for people with ISN. This study used a mixed methods design to evaluate the perspectives of 68 families who attended the Family Employment Awareness Training (FEAT). Findings indicated that families who attended FEAT (a) accessed competitive employment resources following FEAT and (b) reported competitive employment outcomes for their family members with ISN following FEAT. We discuss implications of these findings and recommendations for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Do wage subsidies for disabled workers reduce their non-employment?: evidence from the Danish Flexjob scheme (2015)

    Gupta, Nabanita Datta ; Thomsen, Lars Stage; Larsen, Mona ;

    Zitatform

    Gupta, Nabanita Datta, Mona Larsen & Lars Stage Thomsen (2015): Do wage subsidies for disabled workers reduce their non-employment? Evidence from the Danish Flexjob scheme. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 4, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1186/s40173-015-0036-7

    Abstract

    "We evaluate the potential of wage subsidy programs for reducing non-employment of the disabled by exploiting a reform of the Danish Flexjob scheme targeted towards employing the long-term (partially) disabled. Firms received a salary reimbursement for all employees granted a Flexjob. We examine whether a change from full to partial reimbursement to governmental units affected the share of Flexjobs allocated to retained (insiders) versus non-employed hirees (outsiders). After the reform, the composition of hires changed substantially in favor of insiders, both in absolute and relative terms. A reduction in subsidies thus leads to a decrease in the hiring of the non-employed disabled." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Long term earnings and disability program participation outcomes of the Bridges transition program (2015)

    Hemmeter, Jeffrey; Donovan, Mark; Cobb, Joyanne; Asbury, Tad;

    Zitatform

    Hemmeter, Jeffrey, Mark Donovan, Joyanne Cobb & Tad Asbury (2015): Long term earnings and disability program participation outcomes of the Bridges transition program. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 1, S. 1-15. DOI:10.3233/JVR-140719

    Abstract

    "The Bridges from School to Work (Bridges) program provides job placement and supports for youth with disabilities. Operating in nine sites across the country, over 18,000 youth have received job placement services through Bridges. The paper presents long-term outcomes of youth who participate in the study to determine if previously documented short-term outcomes continue into adulthood. We examine the earnings of Bridges participants up to age 30. We present longitudinal statistics on the earnings and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program participation of youth placed by Bridges into a job. A comparison with similarly aged youths receiving SSI who did not participate in Bridges is also made.
    At age 30, almost three quarters of youth placed by Bridges have earnings. We also find that SSI participation declines through age 30 and DI participation increases. Among placed youth who received SSI at the time of Bridges enrollment, half have earnings at age 30 and less than half received SSI payments; however, over one quarter receive DI benefits. Bridges participation potentially helps create a higher earnings capacity for participants; however, more research is necessary to establish a causal effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    New perspectives on health, disability, welfare and the labour market: special issue (2015)

    Lindsay, Colin ; Greve, Bent ; Cabras, Ignazio ; Ellison, Nick; Kellett, Steve;

    Zitatform

    (2015): New perspectives on health, disability, welfare and the labour market. Special issue. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 49, H. 2, S. 139-298.

    Abstract

    "More than 2.4 million people of working age in the UK are out of work and claiming 'incapacity' or disability benefits (DBs). Reducing the high levels of benefit claiming among those with health limitations and disabilities has been a priority for successive governments (Lindsay and Houston 2013). Other countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), ranging from Sweden, with its 'social democratic' welfare state (Hagelund and Bryngelson 2014), to the 'liberal' USA also report high rates of disability claiming, and have similarly prioritized measures to bring down welfare rolls (Milligan 2012). Given this context, policy debates have focused an both reforms to the administration of DBs and the content of targeted activation (Bannink 2014).

    There is a need for continuing interdisciplinary research an the nature of the 'disability benefits problem' and the efficacy of current policy solutions and public services. This Special Issue brings together researchers who seek to explore the distinctive, yet interrelated, elements of die problems faced by disability claimants, and evaluate related policies and services." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment and economic well-being of people with and without disabilities before and after the great recession (2015)

    Livermore, Gina A.; Honeycutt, Todd C.;

    Zitatform

    Livermore, Gina A. & Todd C. Honeycutt (2015): Employment and economic well-being of people with and without disabilities before and after the great recession. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 70-79. DOI:10.1177/1044207315583875

    Abstract

    "The latest U.S. economic recession, commonly referred to as the Great Recession, has had a far-reaching impact, but its effects may be disproportionately experienced by working-age people with disabilities, given their already tenuous attachment to the labor force. We used data from the Current Population Survey both to describe the experiences of working-age people with disabilities during 2006 - 2012 (a period beginning before and ending after the Great Recession) and to compare the experiences of this population with those of working-age people without disabilities. We found few significant differences in the characteristics of people with disabilities before and after the Great Recession. The employment rate of people with disabilities was low both before and after the recession, though the decline in employment among people with disabilities was somewhat greater than for people without disabilities. The employment declines observed during this period for people with disabilities reflect a long-term downward trend that has persisted for decades, raising concerns that people with disabilities are permanently exiting the labor force. Job loss after the recession was particularly concentrated among people with disabilities in blue-collar and goods-producing jobs. People with and without disabilities experienced similar increases in poverty. Ongoing surveillance of the characteristics and employment of people with disabilities is needed to identify trends and develop policies to promote their independence and economic security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Starting behind: wage and employment differentials between young adults with and without disabilities (2015)

    Mann, David R. ; Wittenburg, David C.;

    Zitatform

    Mann, David R. & David C. Wittenburg (2015): Starting behind: wage and employment differentials between young adults with and without disabilities. In: Journal of Disability Policy Studies, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 89-99. DOI:10.1177/1044207315583898

    Abstract

    "We estimate the wage offers and employment of young adults with and without disabilities using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data. We find evidence that wage offer and employment gaps between adults with and without disabilities emerge early and are largest for those with mental limitations or any type of severe limitation. The wage offer gaps we estimate between people with and without disabilities are almost always larger than the wage gaps between those groups. These employment and wage offer gaps that exist in early adulthood likely help explain some of the differences in human capital, employment, and earnings between older adults with and without disabilities. The results also highlight the need for interventions that improve the employability and wage offers of youth with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    "The right to make choices": how vocational rehabilitation can help young adults with disabilities increase self-determination and avoid guardianship (2015)

    Martinis, Jonathan G.;

    Zitatform

    Martinis, Jonathan G. (2015): "The right to make choices". How vocational rehabilitation can help young adults with disabilities increase self-determination and avoid guardianship. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 221-227. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150742

    Abstract

    "Background: Research has consistently shown that self-determination, a person's authority and opportunity to make life choices, is a key element for a meaningful and independent life. Nevertheless, many young adults with disabilities are placed in overbroad or undue guardianships - guardianships imposed on people who have the capacity to make their own decisions or who can use less-restrictive alternatives to guardianship - denying them their right to make fundamental choices about where they live, what they do, and with whom they interact.
    Objective: This article gives an overview of the negative implications of overbroad or undue guardianship, the benefits of self-determination, and ways Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) supports and services can provide employment-based education and training to help young adults with disabilities develop and demonstrate self-determination, gain independent living skills, and overcome any perceived need for guardianship.
    Conclusion: People with disabilities who are encouraged and supported to make their own decisions are better employed at higher salaries and more independent. VR supports and services focused on employment-based" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Disability benefit generosity and labor force withdrawal (2015)

    Mullen, Kathleen J. ; Staubli, Stefan;

    Zitatform

    Mullen, Kathleen J. & Stefan Staubli (2015): Disability benefit generosity and labor force withdrawal. (IZA discussion paper 9549), Bonn, 48 S.

    Abstract

    "A key component for estimating the optimal size and structure of disability insurance (DI) programs is the elasticity of DI claiming with respect to benefit generosity. Yet, in many countries, including the United States, all workers face identical benefit schedules, which are a function of one's labor market history, making it difficult to separate the effect of the benefit level from the effect of unobserved preferences for work on individuals' claiming decisions. To circumvent this problem, we exploit exogenous variation in DI benefits in Austria arising from several reforms to its DI and old age pension system in the 1990s and 2000s. We use comprehensive administrative social security records data on the universe of Austrian workers to compute benefit levels under six different regimes, allowing us to identify and precisely estimate the elasticity of DI claiming with respect to benefit generosity. We find that, over this time period, a one percent increase in potential DI benefits was associated with a 1.2 percent increase in DI claiming." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Customized employment: a review of the literature (2015)

    Riesen, Tim ; Morgan, Robert L.; Griffin, Cary;

    Zitatform

    Riesen, Tim, Robert L. Morgan & Cary Griffin (2015): Customized employment. A review of the literature. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 43, H. 3, S. 183-193. DOI:10.3233/JVR-150768

    Abstract

    Background: Customized employment (CE) is a strategy that has shown promise in improving poor employment outcome for individuals with disabilities. The term customized employment was first used in 2001 and originated from efforts by the Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment Policy to provide access to One-Stop centers and improve employment outcomes for people with disabilities. More recently, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 (WIOA) contained a number of provisions and modifications to the Rehabilitation Act that more formally recognized CE as service delivery option. Specifically, WIOA modified the definition of supported employment to include CE and provided a formal definition in the statute. Given its recognition at the federal policy level, it is increasingly important to ensure that practitioners and adult service systems are implementing evidence-based practices associated with CE service delivery.
    Objective: The purpose of this review, therefore, is to examine the existing literature to identify the underlying conceptual and empirical basis for CE and to make recommendations for future research.
    Conclusions: Findings from this review indicate that CE is contributing to positive integrated employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities. More research is needed to replicate, validate, and establish the evidence base for CE.

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