Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Längere Elternzeiten haben langfristig keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die Betriebe (2024)
Zitatform
Huebener, Mathias, Jonas Jessen, Daniel Kühnle & Michael Oberfichtner (2024): Längere Elternzeiten haben langfristig keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die Betriebe. In: IAB-Forum H. 18.07.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240718.01
Abstract
"Die Einführung des Elterngeldes im Jahr 2007 führte bei vielen Müttern zu längeren Auszeiten. In den betroffenen Betrieben entstanden dadurch größere Beschäftigungslücken, die sie nur teilweise ausgeglichen haben. Auf längere Sicht sind jedoch keine nachteiligen Folgen auf die Beschäftigung, die Lohnsumme oder gar den Fortbestand der betroffenen Betriebe festzustellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home leads to more family-oriented men (2024)
Zitatform
Inoue, Chihiro, Yusuke Ishihata & Shintaro Yamaguchi (2024): Working from home leads to more family-oriented men. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 783-829. DOI:10.1007/s11150-023-09682-6
Abstract
"We examine how working from home (WFH) affects men’s participation in childcare and housework and their attitudes toward family. Because WFH is an endogenous decision, we apply a first-difference instrumental variable estimator, taking the degree to which one can work from home, measured at the individual level, as the instrument. We find that WFH increases the time that men spend on household chores and with family, and the fraction of men who consider life more important than work. Although WFH decreases their commuting time, we find no evidence that it reduces working hours or self-perceived productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Arbeitszeit- und Jobpräferenzen von Menschen mit Sorgeverantwortung (2024)
Jansen, Andreas; Zink, Lena; Kümmerling, Angelika;Zitatform
Jansen, Andreas, Angelika Kümmerling & Lena Zink (2024): Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit. Arbeitszeit- und Jobpräferenzen von Menschen mit Sorgeverantwortung. Gütersloh, 72 S. DOI:10.11586/2024147
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie „Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Arbeitszeit- und Jobpräferenzen von Menschen mit Sorgeverantwortung“ ist der erste Teil einer dreiteiligen Veröffentlichungsreihe im Rahmen des Projekts „Spannungsfeld Vereinbarkeit: Onlinebefragung zur Aufteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit im Paarkontext“, das das Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation der Universität Duisburg-Essen im Zeitraum von Juli 2023 bis Juni 2024 im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung durchgeführt hat. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die bestehenden Erwerbsmuster und deren Gründe sowie die etwaigen Aushandlungsprozesse von Männern und Frauen, insbesondere von Frauen mit Sorgeverpflichtungen, besser zu verstehen, um dadurch Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten, die die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und ggf. eine Umverteilung von Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit fördern. Zwar bezog die Befragung Personen in allen Lebensformen mit ein, aufgrund der vorhandenen Fallzahlen konzentrieren sich die Analysen jedoch auf Männer und Frauen in heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte als Onlinebefragung über ein Online-Access-Panel, mit deren Durchführung ein renommierter kommerzieller Datendienstleister beauftragt wurde. Die Befragung fand zwischen dem 19.12.2023 und dem 19.01.2024 statt. Insgesamt wurden 2.098 Personen als sogenannte Ankerpersonen befragt, für 425 Paarhaushalte liegen zudem Informationen aus Sicht beider Partner:innen vor. Befragt wurden Personen im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren, unabhängig von ihrem Geschlecht, Familienstand und Erwerbsstatus. Der Fragebogen enthielt eine Kombination aus Fragen zu Einstellungen, Überzeugungen und Verhalten, aber auch zur subjektiven Einschätzung z.B. der (paarinternen) Aufgabenverteilung, zur Zufriedenheit und zum Gerechtigkeitsempfinden. Abgerundet wurde der Fragebogen neben demographischen Angaben durch Fragen zur Erwerbstätigkeit und zur Arbeitsplatzsituation sowie Fragen zur subjektiven Einschätzung von Instrumenten, die Vereinbarkeit ermöglichen oder ermöglicht hätten. Ein innovatives Feature des Fragebogens stellen Vignetten zur Einschätzung der Attraktivität von Stellenanzeigen und zur Verteilung von Elternzeiten auf Paare dar" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The division of parental leave: Empirical evidence and policy design (2024)
Zitatform
Jørgensen, Thomas Høgholm & Jakob Egholt Søgaard (2024): The division of parental leave: Empirical evidence and policy design. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 238. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105202
Abstract
"We study several key aspects of the design of parental leave systems. First, we estimate parents’ willingness to pay for parental leave using Danish administrative data on the division of leave from almost 190,000 births combined with sharp variation in economic incentives created by the parental leave benefit system. We find evidence of both strong behavioral responses with significant bunching at kink points and a willingness to pay for a gender-traditional allocation of leave, where fathers take little or no leave. Second, we provide a menu of counterfactual policy simulations showing substantial interaction effects between earmarked leave, replacement rates and the duration of leave benefits. Relevant for the implementation of a recent EU directive, a higher replacement rate significantly increases the behavioral response of fathers to earmarked leave. Finally, we discuss the welfare effects of different policies aimed at increasing the parental leave of fathers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How do lifecycle, employment and childcare support contribute to the gender pension gap in Europe? The clustering methods analysis (2024)
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Jędrzychowska, Anna, Ilona Kwiecień, Ewa Poprawska, Ewa Cichowicz & Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak (2024): How do lifecycle, employment and childcare support contribute to the gender pension gap in Europe? The clustering methods analysis. In: Technological and Economic Development of Economy, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 1862-1889. DOI:10.3846/tede.2024.21887
Abstract
"Despite ongoing efforts in Europe to tackle discrimination against women in the labor market and societal roles, gender inequality remains entrenched. This study shifts focus from the design of pension systems to explore other key factors impacting women’s careers. By examining life cycle demographics, career paths, and childcare support systems, we utilize clustering to categorize European countries based on factors influencing women’s pension capital accumulation, excluding pension design. Our innovative approach highlights the significance of these factors in the gender pension gap. Findings suggest demographic and social similarities across countries do not necessarily equate to equitable retirement scenarios for women compared to men, underscoring the potential of pension system design to mitigate disparities. Using Ward’s method and the silhouette index for country classification on 10 variables, our analysis reveals distinct differences in gender pension gaps across Southern, Northern, Western, and Eastern Europe. This divergence, alongside observed differences in retirement outcomes for women affected by prior pension regulations, points to increasing challenges for younger European women in achieving pension parity with past generations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, @ 2024 The Author(s). Published by Vilnius GediminasTechnical University) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Maintaining a Sustainable Work-Life Balance: An Interdisciplinary Path to a Better Future (2024)
Zitatform
Kruyen, Peter M., Stéfanie André & Beatrice Van der Heijden (Hrsg.) (2024): Maintaining a Sustainable Work-Life Balance. An Interdisciplinary Path to a Better Future. (New Horizons in Management series), Boca Raton: Elgar, 260 S. DOI:10.4337/9781803922348
Abstract
"This thought-provoking book provides a detailed exploration of work–life balance, considering the perspectives of specific groups such as parents, academics, the self-employed, and migrants. Moreover, it sheds more light on the dynamics of self-care, childcare as well as informal care. Collaborative and interdisciplinary in its approach, featuring researchers ranging from quantitative to interpretative scholars, it highlights the importance of a sustainable work–life balance and the instruments needed to improve this. Focusing on both working arrangements and life events, this book assembles a diverse range of researchers to provide a holistic understanding of work–life balance, with chapters covering the organizational aspects of work-life balance and the effects of digitalization. The authors analyse the experiences of working parents and how work–life balance changes after retirement, and provide diagnostic instructions for employees and employers to re-organize the way they work across the life-span in order to maintain and enhance work–life balance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elgar) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The interactive effect of maternity leaves and child care enrollment on maternal employment (2024)
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Lee, Sung-Tae & Sun-Moon Jung (2024): The interactive effect of maternity leaves and child care enrollment on maternal employment. In: Economic analysis and policy, Jg. 84, S. 344-353. DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2024.08.034
Abstract
"This cross-country empirical research investigates the impact of maternity leaves and the child care enrollment rates on increasing maternal employment. By analyzing data from OECD countries with country-fixed effects, we find that the child care enrollment for 0–2 year olds increases the maternity employment rate. We confirm an inverted U-shaped relationship between the maternity leave duration and the maternity employment rate, as evidenced in prior studies. More interestingly, we find that an interaction term between child care enrollment and maternity leave duration is significantly positive, suggesting that two variables play a complement role in enhancing maternal employment rate. By examining the independent and complementary effects of extended maternity leave and child care enrollment rates, our study suggests that their combined use significantly enhances maternal employment rates, highlighting a complementary relationship that policymakers should consider to support working mothers effectively." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, ©2024 Economic Society of Australia (Queensland)) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Caring fathers in Europe: Toward universal caregiver families? (2024)
Martínez-Pastor, Juan-Ignacio; Jurado-Guerrero, Teresa; Castellanos-Serrano, Cristina ; Fernández-Lozano, Irina ;Zitatform
Martínez-Pastor, Juan-Ignacio, Teresa Jurado-Guerrero, Irina Fernández-Lozano & Cristina Castellanos-Serrano (2024): Caring fathers in Europe: Toward universal caregiver families? In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 31, H. 5, S. 1616-1638. DOI:10.1111/gwao.12948
Abstract
"Increasingly, men are challenging the assumption that care is a feminine task and are involving themselves in childcare and the care of dependent adults. However, this does not necessarily have consequences for their work, as they very rarely make costly adaptations in their working lives. In this study, we propose a definition of a man in care (MIC) as a working father who, in order to meet care needs, has adapted his working life in a way that potentially entails a financial penalty. We analyze the prevalence of men in care among men living with children below the age of 15 across the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK using recent representative data (the European Labour Survey and its 2018 ad hoc module on work-life balance). We find that although the number of men engaging in costly work adaptations is still very low when compared to their female counterparts, the characteristics of these men can be clearly outlined: they have a non-manual occupation (managers excluded), they have temporary contracts or are self-employed, they are partnered to women who hold jobs of 40 or more hours a week and have a high educational attainment, and they work in family-friendly companies. Also, at the context level, the prevalence of MIC is clearly related to gender equality and values. However, we do not find evidence of any country having reached the universal caregiver model proposed by Nancy Fraser, including those with more advanced gender and welfare regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
His unemployment, her response, and the moderating role of welfare policies in European countries. Results from a preregistered study (2024)
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Matysiak, Anna, Anna Kurowska & Alina Maria Pavelea (2024): His unemployment, her response, and the moderating role of welfare policies in European countries. Results from a preregistered study. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 19. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0306964
Abstract
"Recent changes in labor markets have increased employment instability. Under these conditions, in male breadwinner families women might increase their labor supply when their male partners become unemployed. Previous studies have extensively investigated the role played by household and individual characteristics in explaining such increases in the labor supply of women. However, studies which examine the moderating role of specific welfare policies are missing. Our study contributes to the literature by investigating the moderating effect of childcare and tax-benefit policies for the labor supply response of women following the unemployment of their partner. We focus on a sample of 24 EU member states and the UK, during the period 2009-2019, combining longitudinal microdata from EU-SILC with country-period specific policy indicators generated with the use of the tax-benefit simulation model EUROMOD, UKMOD and country-period specific indicators of childcare use. We find that women indeed respond to men’sunemployment by increasing their labor supply though the response is fairly weak. We also find the response is not restricted by having children at home or availability of public childcare and does not depend on the generosity of unemployment benefits. It is, however, negatively affected by marginal tax rates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment leave for early pregnancy endings: A biopolitical reproductive governance analysis in England and Wales (2024)
Middlemiss, Aimee Louise ; Davies, Julie ; Brewis, Joanna; Newton, Victoria Louise ; Boncori, Ilaria ;Zitatform
Middlemiss, Aimee Louise, Ilaria Boncori, Joanna Brewis, Julie Davies & Victoria Louise Newton (2024): Employment leave for early pregnancy endings: A biopolitical reproductive governance analysis in England and Wales. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 31, H. 1, S. 75-91. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13055
Abstract
"When a pregnancy ends in England and Wales, statutory time away from paid employment is limited to circumstances where there is a live birth or stillbirth. Forms of leave, such as Maternity Leave or Paternity Leave, depend on parental status derived from the civil registration of a new person or a post‐viability stillbirth. Other early pregnancy endings, such as miscarriage or abortion, do not provide specific time off work after pregnancy. This paper uses the concept of reproductive governance to analyze current and shifting biopolitical truth discourses, strategies of intervention, and modes of subjectification around post‐pregnancy leaves. It shows how different inclusions and exclusions are generated by the classificatory boundaries which act as political technologies in this field. Contributing to an area that is under‐researched in the literature, we provide a review of post‐pregnancy statutory employment leave entitlements in this context. We then consider proposals for change presented in the United Kingdom political system in relation to more inclusive leave benefits offered by some employers and different pregnancy ending leaves offered in other jurisdictions. We argue that current arrangements and proposals do not adequately reflect the complexity and diversity of pregnancy endings. We conclude with a call to policymakers in all contexts to carefully assess the consequences of new ideas around leaves for pregnancy endings and to formulate inclusive and fair proposals for change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Does the Provision of Childcare Services Affect Mothers' Employment Intentions? Empirical Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment (2024)
Zitatform
Oehrli, Dominique, Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen & Meret Lütolf (2024): How Does the Provision of Childcare Services Affect Mothers' Employment Intentions? Empirical Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, S. 450-469. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000423
Abstract
"Numerous studies have demonstrated that the provision of early childhood education and childcare services (ECEC) is associated with higher women’s participation in the labor market.However, many questions about the causal relationship between the supply of childcare and patterns of female employment remain open. In an effort to overcome common endogeneity problems, we conducted a conjoint experiment in Switzerland, which enables us to analyze mothers’ employmentintentions in different – and even in some hypothetical – contexts. Our results demonstrate that improving the provision of ECEC services does affect mothers’ intentions to engage in paid labor. Nevertheless, mothers comprise a heterogeneous group. As expected, ECEC services’effects are limited for mothers with comparatively high levels of employment. In contrast, mothers with low levels of employment are quite reactive to changing policy contexts, especially if external childcare spots for preschoolers become affordable. Notably, elasticity is present not only in the behavior of women with preferences for supplementary, external childcare, but also in that of women with preferences for parental or home-centered childcare. Our study thus highlights childcare policies ’ potential to change the patterns of female employment in contexts marked by persistent traditional gender roles and limited childcare provision." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Philipp, Marie-Fleur, Silke Büchau, Pia S. Schober, Viktoria Werner & C. Katharina Spieß (2024): How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16729), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"Not only the quantity of formal daycare provision for young children, but also its quality has become an issue of political concern. This experimental study investigates how a hypothetical improvement in the quality of daycare facilities shapes normative judgements regarding daycare use and working hours norms for parents with young children in Germany. The analysis is framed using capability-based explanations combined with theoretical concepts of ideals of care and normative policy feedback theories. We draw on a factorial survey experiment implemented in 2019/2020 in the German Family Panel (pairfam) measuring underlying work-care norms for a couple with a 15-month-old child under different contextual conditions. Ordered logistic and linear multilevel regressions were conducted with 5,324 respondents. On average, high hypothetical daycare quality for young children leads respondents to recommend greater daycare use and longer working hours for mothers and fathers by about 1 hour per week. Respondents who hold more egalitarian gender beliefs, those with tertiary education, native Germans and parents tend to respond more strongly to higher daycare quality by increasing their support for full-daycare use. The results consistently point to the relevance of high quality for increasing the acceptance and subsequently take-up of formal daycare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Outside the box? – Women's individual poverty risk in the EU and the role of labor market characteristics and tax-benefit policies (2024)
Zitatform
Popova, Daria, Katrin Gasior & Silvia Avram (2024): Outside the box? – Women's individual poverty risk in the EU and the role of labor market characteristics and tax-benefit policies. (ISER working paper series / Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex 2024-02), Colchester, 31 S.
Abstract
"Social policy debates as early as the 1950s have focused on the activation of individuals into employment. This assumes jobs with good work-ing conditions and fair pay; ignores women's reality of part-time work, unpaid care work and the gender pay gap; and has often resulted in the weakening of traditional social protection. We study the individual poverty risk of women under the adult worker paradigm across the EU using the tax-benefit model EUROMOD and EU-SILC data. Comparing the individual poverty risk of working-age women to the benchmark of typical male workers, we highlight heterogeneity driven by women's economic situation and job characteristics and analyze the role of the tax-benefit system in reducing the gap. The analysis shows that only slightly more than one third of women isn't the adult worker model, while this is the case for almost two thirds of men. Inactive and unemployed women are particularly likely to be vulnerable to poverty, but even women with the same characteristics as male reference workers experience a higher poverty risk, highlighting the role of the gender pay gap. Benefits cushion some of the gendered labor market differences but are often not generous enough for unemployed and inactive women or not sufficiently available for self-employed women. Women in atypical employment are furthermore disproportionally affected by taxes and social insurance contributions as they lead to a higher poverty rate, contributing to a larger gap compared to typical male workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Breaking the Divide: Can Public Spending on Social Infrastructure Boost Female Employment in Italy? (2024)
Zitatform
Reljic, Jelena & Francesco Zezza (2024): Breaking the Divide: Can Public Spending on Social Infrastructure Boost Female Employment in Italy? (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1407), Essen, 31, III S.
Abstract
"We contribute to the long-standing debate on the Italian North-South divide by assessing the impact of public spending on social infrastructure - including education, healthcare, childcare and social assistance - on the gender employment gap over the last two decades, using a PSVAR analysis. These investments, while not explicitly targeting women, may increase both their labor supply - by reducing the unpaid care work burden - and pro-women labor demand through job creation in care sectors that predominantly employ women. Our research reveals a positive and long-lasting impact of social infrastructure expenditure on private investment, GDP and employment in all areas of the country. However, the reduction of the gender employment gap is detected only in the South and among high-skilled women. These results stress the need for targeted policies to fill the investment gaps in social infrastructure, aiming for a more inclusive labour market, particularly in Southern regions, which suffer from chronic underinvestment and structural challenges." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time and money: parental leave generosity and first-time parents' uptake of leave across 23 European countries (2024)
Robbins, Nathan;Zitatform
Robbins, Nathan (2024): Time and money: parental leave generosity and first-time parents' uptake of leave across 23 European countries. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2024-031), Rostock, 37 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2024-031
Abstract
"As couples transition into parenthood, they face many decisions regarding the division of paid and unpaid labor. A key factor in navigating these divisions is whether – and for how long – each partner takes paid parental leave. Previous studies have shown that more generous leave policies lead, in general, to more uptake of leave, but little data exists on the association between leave generosity at the household level. This study assesses the association between paid parental leave generosity on the leave-taking behavior of new parents across 23 European countries, using data from the 2018 European Union Labor Force Survey. I examine how the two key leave policy levers, time (the number of job-protected weeks available) and money (the wage-replacement rate paid), influence whether first-time parents take leave and for how long, and whether these results differ across income groups. Using multilevel regression analysis on a sample of n = 16,161 couples, I assess the association between time, money, and a measure account for both together. Results indicate a positive relationship between generosity and uptake among both mothers and fathers, but with outcomes twice as large for fathers. I also find differences in results across income groups. The findings highlight the role of paid parental leave in promoting gender equality in household labor division, and the need. The study suggests that enhancing leave policies, especially for fathers, could encourage a more equitable sharing of parental leave and, consequently, the division of paid and unpaid labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Tarifliches Wahlrecht: Warum die Mehrheit der Beschäftigten lieber mehr Zeit hätte als mehr Geld (2024)
Zitatform
Ruf, Kevin, Ann-Christin Bächmann, Anja Abendroth-Sohl & Alexandra Mellies (2024): Tarifliches Wahlrecht: Warum die Mehrheit der Beschäftigten lieber mehr Zeit hätte als mehr Geld. In: IAB-Forum H. 22.07.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240722.01
Abstract
"Einige Tarifverträge sehen mittlerweile für bestimmte Beschäftigtengruppen eine Wahlmöglichkeit zwischen „mehr Zeit“ oder „mehr Geld“ vor. Eine Befragung von über 3.000 Beschäftigten aus über 150 betroffenen Betrieben zeigt, dass die meisten Beschäftigten unter diesen Umständen bereit sind, zugunsten von mehr Freizeit auf Lohnerhöhungen oder Sonderzahlungen zu verzichten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Making and Breaking Gender Inequalities in Work (2024)
Rönnmar, Mia; Hayter, Susan;Zitatform
Rönnmar, Mia & Susan Hayter (Hrsg.) (2024): Making and Breaking Gender Inequalities in Work. (ILERA Publication series), Boca Raton: Elgar, 206 S. DOI:10.4337/9781035337477
Abstract
"This timely book expertly analyses the persistence of gender inequalities in work. Despite the progress made through frameworks regulating work and employment relations, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed and exacerbated gender divides in labour markets. The authors present innovative ways to promote gender equality in a variety of industrial relations systems, welfare state models and labour market sectors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elgar) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Preventing Child Maltreatment: Beneficial Side Effects of Public Childcare (2024)
Zitatform
Sandner, Malte, Stephan L. Thomsen & Libertad González (2024): Preventing Child Maltreatment: Beneficial Side Effects of Public Childcare. In: The Economic Journal, Jg. 135, H. 665, S. 321-353., 2024-07-16. DOI:10.1093/ej/ueae070
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of public childcare provision on the incidence of severe child maltreatment. For identification, we exploit a reform that expanded early childcare in Germany, generating large temporal and spatial variation in childcare coverage at the county level. Using high-quality administrative data covering all reported cases of child maltreatment in Germany by county and year, we find that an increase in childcare slots by one percentage point in a county reduced child maltreatment cases leading to out-of-home placement by about 1%. Our results suggest that the provision of universal public childcare may be more cost effective than previously thought." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental Leave and Discrimination in the Labor Market (2024)
Zitatform
Schmieder, Julia, Doris Weichselbaumer, Clara Welteke & Katharina Wrohlich (2024): Parental Leave and Discrimination in the Labor Market. (CEPA discussion papers / Center for Economic Policy Analysis 83), Potsdam, 38 S. DOI:10.25932/publishup-66607
Abstract
"Promoting fathers to take parental leave is seen as a promising way to advance gender equality. However, there is still a very limited understanding of its impact on fathers' labor market outcomes. We conducted a correspondence study to analyze whether fathers who take parental leave face discrimination during the hiring process in three different occupations. Fathers who took parental leave in a female-dominated or gender-neutral occupation are not less likely to be invited to a job interview compared to fathers who did not take leave. However, in the male-dominated occupation, fathers who have taken long parental leave are penalized. Regardless of leave-taking, fathers are treated less favorably than mothers in the female-dominated and the gender-neutral occupation, while the opposite is true for the male-dominated occupation. This suggests the presence of strong gender norms concerning the perception of ideal employees in different occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ship of Theseus: from ILO Standards to Outcome of Maternity Protection Policy (2024)
Zitatform
Son, Keonhi (2024): Ship of Theseus: from ILO Standards to Outcome of Maternity Protection Policy. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, S. 189-217. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000010
Abstract
"Previous research focuses on the question of whether international standards have prompted any improvement of labor and social standards by law or in practice. This paper complements the literature by showing that the way that international standards are translated and implemented at the national level matters as well. Using a novel historical database on paid maternity leave policies in 160 countries with a time series from 1883 to 2018, I document how informal sector workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) fell by the wayside in the widespread adoption of the International Labour Organization (ILO) maternity protection standards. First, the analysis shows that while the adoption of the ILO Maternity Protection Conventions triggered the introduction and extension of maternity leave policies throughout the world, LMICs ignored the provision of social assistance benefits. Second, even when LMICs extended the coverage of maternity leave policies to the informal sector, the implementation constraints further hindered the access of women workers in the informal sector to maternity benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug