Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Winners and losers: the consequences of welfare state policies for gender wage inequality (2012)
Zitatform
Mandel, Hadas (2012): Winners and losers: the consequences of welfare state policies for gender wage inequality. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 241-262. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcq061
Abstract
"Cross-national studies of the impact of welfare states on gender inequality tend to overlook socio-economic divisions among women. This article challenges the implicit assumption that welfare states have uniform effects on the economic attainments of women, arguing that the impact of state intervention is necessarily conditioned by women's relative advantage or disadvantage in the labour market. Based on Luxembourg Income Study microdata for 21 advanced countries, the paper analyses gender wage gaps among highly skilled and low skilled men and women. The findings suggest that welfare state policies interact with socio-economic position: they limit the economic rewards of highly skilled women, but do not adversely affect, and by some measures actually benefit, those who are less skilled. Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of social policies for different groups of women, the article concludes that more research is needed to explore differentiated approaches to reconciling work and family, rather than addressing universal work - family tensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The influence of employment uncertainty on childbearing in France: a tempo or quantum effect? (2012)
Zitatform
Pailhe, Ariane & Anne Solaz (2012): The influence of employment uncertainty on childbearing in France. A tempo or quantum effect? In: Demographic Research, Jg. 26, S. 1-40. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.1
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether unemployment and insecure employment periods merely delay fertility or also impact on completed fertility in France. It analyses both the timing of first childbearing and the fertility reached at age 40. Different indicators of declining employment security are used, i.e. current individual employment characteristics, the accumulation of unstable jobs, and aggregate-level indicators of employment uncertainty. Male unemployment has a negative influence on the timing of first childbearing, while periods of insecure employment delay fertility for women. Completed fertility is impacted by unemployment spells only for men who have faced long-term unemployment. Employment uncertainty thus tends to delay first parenthood but has a relatively weak effect on lifetime fertility in France. Generous state support to families associated with a generous unemployment insurance system, and the strong French two-child family norm may explain why economic uncertainty affects fertility less than elsewhere." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of public sector employment on women's labour market outcomes (2011)
Zitatform
Anghel, Brindusa, Sara de la Rica & Juan J. Dolado (2011): The effect of public sector employment on women's labour market outcomes. (IZA discussion paper 5825), Bonn, 62 S.
Abstract
"This paper addresses the role played by Public Sector (PS) employment across different OECD labour markets in explaining: (i) gender differences regarding choices to work in either PS or private sector, and (ii) subsequent changes in female labour market outcomes. To do so, we provide some empirical evidence about cross-country gender differences in choice of employment in the PS vs. the private sector, using the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), in the light of different theories on gender behaviour in the labour market. We also analyze the main determinants of the hourly wage gaps across these two sectors for males and females separately. Finally, we document the main stylized facts about labour market transitions by male and female workers among inactivity, unemployment, working in the PS and working in the private sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in time use over the life course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US (2011)
Anxo, Dominique; Flood, Lennart; Mencarini, Letizia ; Tanturri, Maria Letizia ; Solaz, Anne ; Pailhé, Ariane ;Zitatform
Anxo, Dominique, Letizia Mencarini, Ariane Pailhé, Anne Solaz, Maria Letizia Tanturri & Lennart Flood (2011): Gender differences in time use over the life course in France, Italy, Sweden, and the US. In: Feminist economics, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 159-195. DOI:10.1080/13545701.2011.582822
Abstract
"This contribution analyzes how men and women in France, Italy, Sweden, and the United States use their time over the life cycle and the extent to which societal and institutional contexts influence the gender division of labor. In order to test the hypothesis that contextual factors play a crucial role in shaping time allocation, this study considers countries that diverge considerably in terms of welfare state regime, employment and paid working time systems, family policies, and social norms. Using national time-use surveys for the late 1990s and early 2000s and regression techniques, the study not only finds large gender discrepancies in time use in each country at all stages of life but also determines that institutional contexts, in particular the design of family policies and employment regimes, do shape gender roles in different ways, and that Sweden displays the lowest gender gap in time allocation across the life course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Les carrières salariales des hommes et des femmes: quelle convergence sur longue période? (2011)
Berton, Fabienne; Huiban, Jean-Pierre; Nortier, Frédérique;Zitatform
Berton, Fabienne, Jean-Pierre Huiban & Frédérique Nortier (2011): Les carrières salariales des hommes et des femmes. Quelle convergence sur longue période? In: Travail et Emploi H. 125, S. 9-25.
Abstract
"The authors test the assumption of a convergence between the wage careers of men and women. To do this, they examine a large panel of French employees from the private sector, by using a new and rich dataset : the EIC (Échantillon Inter-régimes de Cotisants) 2001 panel. Two generations are observed, the first one composed of individuals born in 1946 and the second one of individuals born in 1962. In the former case, men wage careers appear to be very different of women ones. When considering the latter a convergence may be observed toward a new form, different of the men previous model. The careers may be long now but are frequently interrupted, such interruptions being more frequent both for men and women. There is still a wage gap between men and women but also a significant increasing of heterogeneity within each population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How mothers and fathers share childcare: a cross-national time-use comparison (2011)
Zitatform
Craig, Lyn & Killian Mullan (2011): How mothers and fathers share childcare. A cross-national time-use comparison. In: American Sociological Review, Jg. 76, H. 6, S. 834-861. DOI:10.1177/0003122411427673
Abstract
"In most families today, childcare remains divided unequally between fathers and mothers. Scholars argue that persistence of the gendered division of childcare is due to multiple causes, including values about gender and family, disparities in paid work, class, and social context. It is likely that all of these factors interact, but to date researchers have not explored such interactions. To address this gap, we analyze nationally representative time-use data from Australia, Denmark, France, and Italy. These countries have different employment patterns, social and family policies, and cultural attitudes toward parenting and gender equality. Using data from matched married couples, we conduct a cross-national study of mothers' and fathers' relative time in childcare, divided along dimensions of task (i.e., routine versus non-routine activities) and co-presence (i.e., caring for children together as a couple versus caring solo). Results show that mothers' and fathers' work arrangements and education relate modestly to shares of childcare, and this relationship differs across countries. We find cross-national variation in whether more equal shares result from the behavior of mothers, fathers, or both spouses. Results illustrate the relevance of social context in accentuating or minimizing the impact of individual- and household-level characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland und Frankreich: warum es Französinnen besser gelingt, Familie und Beruf zu vereinbaren (2011)
Luci, Angela;Zitatform
Luci, Angela (2011): Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland und Frankreich. Warum es Französinnen besser gelingt, Familie und Beruf zu vereinbaren. Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"Die Erwerbstätigkeit von Frauen ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Frankreich gestiegen. Aber es bestehen erhebliche Unterschiede im Beschäftigungsmuster: Während in Frankreich viele Frauen auch mit kleinen Kindern einer Vollzeit-Beschäftigung nachgehen, arbeitet in Deutschland ein großer Anteil in Teilzeit sowie in geringfügigen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen.
Gleichzeitig liegen die Geburtenraten in Deutschland und Frankreich weit auseinander. Zwar ist in beiden Ländern die durchschnittliche Anzahl Kinder pro Frau gesunken, doch der Geburtenrückgang ist in Deutschland viel dramatischer als in Frankreich.
Der Grund dafür scheint auf der Hand zu liegen: In Frankreich lassen sich Familie und Beruf besser miteinander vereinbaren als in Deutschland. Und es ist nicht allein das Betreuungsangebot für Kinder, das dafür den Ausschlag gibt. In Frankreich wird die Erwerbstätigkeit von Müttern gezielt gefördert. Ein stimmiges Gesamtkonzept zieht sich durch verschiedene Politikbereiche wie Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik, Bildungspolitik und die finanzielle Unterstützung von Familien. In Frankreich ist Gleichstellung Querschnittsaufgabe. Da kann Deutschland von seinem französischen Nachbarn lernen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Fertility and female employment dynamics in Europe: the effect of using alternative econometric modeling assumptions (2011)
Zitatform
Michaud, Pierre-Carl & Konstantinos Tatsiramos (2011): Fertility and female employment dynamics in Europe. The effect of using alternative econometric modeling assumptions. In: Journal of Applied Econometrics, Jg. 26, H. 4, S. 641-668. DOI:10.1002/jae.1133
Abstract
We investigate the direct and long-run effects of fertility on employment in Europe, estimating dynamic models of labor supply under different assumptions regarding the exogeneity of fertility and modelling assumptions related to initial conditions, unobserved heterogeneity and serial correlation in the error terms. We find overall large direct and long-run effects of giving birth on employment probabilities, and these effects differ considerably across countries. We find that within countries the results are sensitive to the statistical assumption made on initial conditions, the inclusion of serial correlation and the assumption of strict exogeneity of children. However, the pattern across countries is robust to these assumptions. We show that such patterns are largely consistent with prevailing institutional differences related to the flexibility of the labor markets and family policies.
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gaps across countries and skills: supply, demand and the industry structure (2011)
Olivetti, Claudia; Petrongolo, Barbara;Zitatform
Olivetti, Claudia & Barbara Petrongolo (2011): Gender gaps across countries and skills. Supply, demand and the industry structure. (CEP discussion paper 1093), London, 42 S.
Abstract
"The gender wage gap varies widely across countries and across skill groups within countries. Interestingly, there is a positive cross-country correlation between the unskilled-to-skilled gender wage gap and the corresponding gap in hours worked. Based on a canonical supply and demand framework, this positive correlation would reveal the presence of net demand forces shaping gender differences in labor market outcomes across skills and countries. We use a simple multi-sector framework to illustrate how differences in labor demand for different inputs can be driven by both within-industry and between-industry factors. The main idea is that, if the service sector is more developed in the US than in continental Europe, and unskilled women tend to be over-represented in this sector, we expect unskilled women to suffer a relatively large wage and/or employment penalty in the latter than in the former. We find that, overall, the between-industry component of labor demand explains more than half of the total variation in labor demand between the US and the majority of countries in our sample, as well as one-third of the correlation between wage and hours gaps. The between-industry component is relatively more important in countries where the relative demand for unskilled females is lowest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Maternity and labour market outcome: short and long term effects (2010)
Zitatform
Brugiavini, Agar, Giacomo Pasini & Elisabetta Trevisan (2010): Maternity and labour market outcome. Short and long term effects. (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 222), Mannheim, 12 S.
Abstract
"The aim of this paper is to till this gap by analyzing the long term effects of childbearing, i.e. the effect of motherhood on pension income at retirement, given the labour market participation of women at childbirth. Since labour market attachment is higher for younger generations, it is relevant for policy makers to Look at the behaviour of women who want to work excluding those who plan a 'family-life' (see also Lyberaki et al. in chapter 12 of this volume). SHARELIFE is particularly suitable for this analysis since it contains complete life time histories, including all the employment and maternity episodes experienced by European women currently aged 50 and over. Moreover, details on maternity leave provisions and other institutional features of the SHARE countries are collected and provided together with the survey data. These institutional features allow us to investigate if and how the presence of maternity benefits affects the labour market participation decisions of women after childbirth and, consequently, the impact of pension income at retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender wage differentials in the French nonprofit and for-profit sectors: evidence from quantile regression (2010)
Etienne, Jean Michel; Narcy, Mathieu;Zitatform
Etienne, Jean Michel & Mathieu Narcy (2010): Gender wage differentials in the French nonprofit and for-profit sectors. Evidence from quantile regression. In: Annals of Economics and Statistics H. 99/100, S. 67-90. DOI:10.2307/41219160
Abstract
"Using the French Labor Force Survey from 1994-2001, this paper investigates the gender wage gap in the nonprofit and for-profit sectors throughout the wage distribution. Following Leete [2000], if nonprofit employers are more likely than for-profit employers to rely an intrinsically motivated employees, one should expect nonprofit organizations to exhibit a lower gender wage gap than for-profit organizations as a means of maintaining and enhancing employees' intrinsic motivation. We use the quantile regression decomposition technique proposed by Machado and Mata [2005]. Because individuals may self-select into sectors, we have extended this technique to account for selection effects. Our main results show that the unexplained gender wage gap is larger in the for-profit sector than in the nonprofit sector throughout the wage distribution. These results seem to be primarily attributed to lower levels of occupational segregation in the French nonprofit sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Strategische Prozessführung, Tarifverhandlungen und Antidiskriminierungsbehörden: verschiedene Wege zur Lohngleichheit? (2010)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Gesine (2010): Strategische Prozessführung, Tarifverhandlungen und Antidiskriminierungsbehörden. Verschiedene Wege zur Lohngleichheit? In: Femina politica. Zeitschrift für feministische Politik-Wissenschaft, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 102-111.
Abstract
Die Autorin analysiert in einem Ländervergleich von Deutschland, Schweiz und Frankreich politische Maßnahmen, die einen Erfolg gegen die Entgeltungleichheit versprechen. In Deutschland stehen gerade die Tarifparteien stark in der Verantwortung für das Lohngefüge, was einen Teil der Handlungsstarre bezüglich des Equal Pay erklären mag. Der Blick auf andere Staaten, die beispielsweise in ihren nationalen politischen Traditionen Antidiskriminierungsbehörden favorisieren, zeigt, dass in Deutschland rechtlichen Maßnahmen ein größeres Gewicht zukommen könnte bei der Herstellung von Lohngleichheit. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Frauenerwerbstätigkeit in Geschlechterregimen: Großbritannien, Frankreich und Schweden im Vergleich (2010)
Halwachs, Inga;Zitatform
Halwachs, Inga (2010): Frauenerwerbstätigkeit in Geschlechterregimen. Großbritannien, Frankreich und Schweden im Vergleich. Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften, 266 S.
Abstract
"Obwohl die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter gesetzlich verankert ist, sind Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt sowie in anderen Bereichen des öffentlichen und privaten Lebens nach wie vor mit Benachteiligungen aufgrund ihres Geschlechts konfrontiert. Dies zeigt sich bspw. in der Unterrepräsentativität von Frauen in Führungspositionen, geschlechtsspezifischen Einkommensdifferenzen sowie weiteren hier untersuchten Aspekten. Wie also wird die weibliche Erwerbstätigkeit in den hier untersuchten Ländern Großbritannien, Frankreich und Schweden gefördert, um Benachteiligungen zu kompensieren und den Ursachen entgegenzuwirken? Die Autorin analysiert und vergleicht zur Beantwortung dieser Frage die Arbeitsmarktpolitik sowie weitere politische und gesellschaftliche Bereiche der Wohlfahrtsstaatsregime sowie den darin eingebetteten Geschlechterregimen und stellt hierzu die These auf, dass die Quantität und Qualität der Strategien zur Frauenförderung vom jeweiligen Typus des Geschlechterregimes abhängen und sich die Wohlfahrtsstaaten in ihrer Politik hinsichtlich sozialer Sicherung sowie in ihren arbeitsmarktpolitischen Instrumenten einander annähern, da auf EU-Ebene vereinheitlichte Regelungen in Bezug auf Geschlechtergleichstellung vorgegeben werden, die Einfluss auf die Frauenerwerbstätigkeit nehmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A-typical work patterns of women in Europe: what can we learn from SHARELIFE? (2010)
Zitatform
Lyberaki, Antigone, Platon Tinios & George Papadoudis (2010): A-typical work patterns of women in Europe. What can we learn from SHARELIFE? (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 221), Mannheim, 16 S.
Abstract
"The second half of the twentieth century was a time of rapid social transformation. Nowhere were the changes more radical than in women's participation in society and work. Women increasingly claimed a fuller and more active position in all societal functions. Though all parts of Europe and all social strata were affected, this process was unevenly distributed over time and space and driven by a variety of influences. Such influences could have been structural changes in production, transformations in the function of the family and last, but not least, attitudes in what woman's position ought to be, as reflected in shifts of policy priorities. This period of rapid change corresponds to the lifetime of individuals in the SHARE survey. When today's 50+ population were young girls, the world they were entering was very difficult from today. The long term social changes correspond to lived experience of women in the SHARE sample. The women in SHARE were witnesses to the foundation, flowering and restructuring of the Welfare State. Social policy stances towards maternity and family polices as well as labour market institutions were defining fissures between certain forms of the so-called 'European Social Model'. This paper begins exploring how these factors - labour and social policy transformation - were reflected in the lives of women in the SHARELIFE sample." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender inequalities in the 21st century: new barriers and continuing constraints (2010)
Scott, Jacqueline; Henau, Jerome De; Gershuny, Jonathan ; Yee Kan, Man; Crompton, Rosemary; Ahmed, Sameera; Le Feuvre, Nicky ; Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth ; Mastekaasa, Arne ; Devine, Fiona; Nolan, Jane ; Evans, Mary; Plagnol, Anke C. ; Bennett, Fran ; Schoon, Ingrid ; Ellingsceter, Anne Lise; Sung, Sirin ; Dale, Angela; Warren, Tracey ; Lyonette, Clare ; Webb, Janette ;Zitatform
Scott, Jacqueline, Rosemary Crompton & Clare Lyonette (Hrsg.) (2010): Gender inequalities in the 21st century. New barriers and continuing constraints. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 297 S.
Abstract
"Both women and men strive to achieve a work and family balance, but does this imply more or less equality? Does the persistence of gender and class inequalities refute the notion that lives are becoming more individualised? Leading international authorities document how gender inequalities are changing and how many inequalities of earlier eras are being eradicated. However, this book shows there are new barriers and constraints that are slowing progress in attaining a more egalitarian society. Taking the new global economy into account, the expert contributors to this book examine the conflicts between different types of feminisms, revise old debates about 'equality' and 'difference' in the gendered nature of work and care, and propose new and innovative policy solutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en));
Content:
Jacqueline Scott, Rosemary Crompton,Clare Lyonette: Introduction: what's new about gender inequalities in the 21st century? (1-16);
PART I FAMILY AND LABOUR MARKET CHANGE;
Ingrid Schoon: Becoming adult: the persisting importance of dass and gender (19-39);
Fiona Devine: Class reproduction, occupational inheritance and occupational choices (40-58);
Angela Dale, Sameera Ahmed: Ethnic differences in women's economic activity: a focus an Pakistani and Bangladeshi women (59-81);
PART II OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES AND WELFARE REGIMES;
Janette Webb: Gender and the post-industrial shift (85-108);
Tracey Warren: Penalties of part-time work across Europe (109-125);
Nicky Le Feuvre: Feminising professions in Britain and France: how countries differ (126-149);
PART III THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATING FAMILY AND WORK;
Man Yee Kan, Jonathan Gershuny: Gender segregation and bargaining in domestic labour: evidence from longitudinal time-use data (153-173);
Rosemary Crompton, Clare Lyonette: Family, dass and gender 'strategies' in mothers' employment and childcare (174-192);
Jacqueline Scott, Anke C. Plagnol, Jane Nolan: Perceptions of quality of life: gender differences across the life course (193-212);
PART IV UNDERSTANDING INEQUALITIES;
Fran Bennett, Jerome De Henau, Sirin Sung: Within-household inequalities across classes? Management and control of money (215-241);
Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund and Arne Mastekaasa: Restructuring gender relations: women's labour market participation and earnings inequality among households ( 242-254);
PART V CONFRONTING COMPLEXITY;
Anne Lise Ellingsceter: Feminist policies and feminist conflicts: daddy's care or mother's (257-274);
Mary Evans: A mysterious commodity: capitalism and femininity ( 275-289). -
Literaturhinweis
Aléas de carrières des seniors et impact sur les retraites (2009)
Zitatform
Briard, Karine, Cindy Duc, Najat El Mekkaoui de Freitas, Bérangère Legendre & Sabine Mage (2009): Aléas de carrières des seniors et impact sur les retraites. (Centre d'Etudes de l'Emploi. Document de travail 112), Noisy-le-Grand, 31 S.
Abstract
"The diversity of working life has an impact on retirement age and the pension benefits. Employment breaks like unemployment or parental leave will reduce earnings and pension benefits in the future. This paper provides empirical evidence on the trajectories between men and women for generations 1938-1944 and anlyses how the timing of employment breaks affects pension benefits in France. By using a data set from French survey (Patrimoine 2003-2004), the paper examines, firstly, the employment histories of generations 1938-1948. Secondly, it focuses on the impact of these interruptions on the pension rights by considering the methodology of type's cases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment of separated women in Europe: Individual and institutional determinants (2009)
Zitatform
Damme, Maike van, Matthijs Kalmijn & Wilfred Uunk (2009): The employment of separated women in Europe. Individual and institutional determinants. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 183-197. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcn042
Abstract
"Studies on the economic consequences of divorce for women have paid little attention to changes in employment. In this article, we investigate changes in employment for separating women and the impact of individual and institutional factors on these changes using data on 13 countries from the European Community Household Panel (1994-2001). Our dynamic analyses of the odds of employment entry and exit, and changes in working hours demonstrate that European women only modestly increase employment after separation, although in some countries this change is larger than in others. Important individual-level determinants of employment changes are education and labour market experience (positive effects), health (positive effect), and the presence of young children (negative effect). Institutional factors have opposing influences: more generous public childcare provisions encourage the employment of separated women, whereas more generous allowances for single parents discourage employment. The results underline the importance of distinguishing between income- and employment-related institutions in studying outcomes of union dissolution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In search of gender differences in access to continuing training: is there a gender training gap and if yes, why? (2009)
Zitatform
Dieckhoff, Martina & Nadia Steiber (2009): In search of gender differences in access to continuing training. Is there a gender training gap and if yes, why? (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Discussion papers SP 1 2009-504), Berlin, 35 S.
Abstract
"Geschlechterunterschiede im Zugang zu beruflicher Weiterbildung gelten weiterhin als wichtige Ursache weiter bestehender Ungleichheiten zwischen den Geschlechtern in Bezug auf deren Chancen am Arbeitsmarkt und deren beruflichen Erfolg. Allerdings schaffen empirische Studien bis dato keine Klarheit darüber, ob bzw. welche Geschlechterunterschiede im Weiterbildungsverhalten tatsächlich bestehen. Die vorliegende Analyse untersucht, auf Basis harmonisierter Survey-Daten des European Social Survey 2004, berufsbezogene Weiterbildungsaktivitäten in Europa und testet eine Reihe von mikroökonomischen und soziologischen Theorien (z.B. Humankapitaltheorie, Geschlechtersegregation am Arbeitsmarkt, Diskriminierung durch den Arbeitgeber etc.), die häufig zur Erklärung von Geschlechterunterschieden in der Teilnahme an Weiterbildung herangezogen werden. Der Beitrag untersucht die Mechanismen, die einem potenziell geschlechtsspezifischen Teilnahmeverhalten an beruflicher Weiterbildung zugrunde liegen. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass männliche Arbeitnehmer, ceteris paribus, häufiger an berufsbezogener Weiterbildung teilnehmen als weibliche Arbeitnehmer. Als Fazit kann festgestellt werden, dass die vorherrschenden theoretischen Ansätze mehr Erklärungskraft für das Weiterbildungsverhalten von Männern als für jenes von Frauen haben. Vor allem in Bezug auf weibliches Weiterbildungsverhalten bei Präsenz von Betreuungspflichten für kleine Kinder zeigen sich vorherrschende Erklärungsmodelle als wenig valid." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Work-life Balance: a matter of choice? (2009)
Gregory, Abigail; MacGinnity, Frances; O'Connell, Philip J.; Hunt, Kate; Kvande, Elin ; Emslie, Carol; Warren, Tracey ; Guillaume, Cecile; Milner, Susan ; Watts, Jacqueline H.; Pascall, Gillian; Halrynjo, Sigtona ; Pochic, Sophie ; Fox, Elizabeth; Russell, Helen ;Zitatform
MacGinnity, Frances, Philip J. O'Connell, Kate Hunt, Elin Kvande, Carol Emslie, Tracey Warren, Cecile Guillaume, Jacqueline H. Watts, Gillian Pascall, Sigtona Halrynjo, Sophie Pochic, Elizabeth Fox & Helen Russell (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2009): Work-life Balance. A matter of choice? In: Gender, Work and Organization, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 1-172. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00429.x
Abstract
"Existing literature casts the work-life interface in terms of three issues: time management; inter-role conflict (role overload and interference) and care arrangements for dependents. This special issue looks through a gender lens at the ways in which both men and women negotiate the relationship between work and home life, particularly when they have caring responsibilities at home. It explores the relationship between formal policies and their impact on men and women's ability to effect a choice in shaping their careers and their day-to-day commitments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Towards a framework for assessing family policies in the EU (2009)
Zitatform
Lohmann, Henning, Frauke H. Peter, Tine Rostgaard & Stephen P. Jenkins (2009): Towards a framework for assessing family policies in the EU. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 88), Paris, 94 S. DOI:10.1787/223883627348
Abstract
"This report presents the results of a first attempt to create a framework for assessing the performance of national family policies. The report is part of a joint EU and OECD project, which aims to help the EU Government Expert Group on Demographic Issues in evaluating national family policies. The idea behind the framework is that it allows individual countries to compare their overall performance in the area of family policies with the performance of other countries. The main focus of the report is policies for families with smaller children. The framework provides a set of cross-nationally comparable indicators on contexts, policy measures, and outcomes, organised on a systematic basis. The policy measure indicators presented in the report cover leave schemes, early childhood education and care, family benefits and workplace policies. The indicators build upon, interalia, previous work by the OECD in various studies on family-friendly policies that were carried out on a cross-national basis using different sets of indicators. Most of these indicators are today available in the OECD Family Database. Wherever the OECD Family Database contains indicators for the majority of EU member states and OECD countries, these data have been used in the present study. Otherwise, data from other cross-national databases have been included. Each indicator in the framework is presented as a single-standing indicator in the general absence of scientific consensus on different aggregation weights. In the report no explicit ranking of countries has been attempted, instead the relative position of countries has been illustrated with the help of standard deviation scores. In the last part of the report the linkages between policy aims and the various context, outcome and policy measures are indicated, which help construct 'score cards'. This 'score card-approach' is illustrated for three countries: Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. The report offers tools for assessment that may be developed further, and should offer an approach to using the OECD Family Database, acknowledging this unique data source for cross-country comparisons in the field of family policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug