Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
The union wage advantage for low-wage workers (2008)
Schmitt, John;Zitatform
Schmitt, John (2008): The union wage advantage for low-wage workers. Washington, 10 S.
Abstract
"This report uses national data from 2003 to 2007 to show that unionization raises the wages of the typical low-wage worker (one in the 10th percentile) by 20.6 percent compared to 13.7 percent for the typical medium wage worker (one in the 50th percentile), 6.1 percent for the typical high-wage worker (one in the 90th percentile). The paper also produces results for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Throughout the states, a similar pattern holds, with unionization raising the wages of the lowest-wage workers the most." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Two steps forward, one step back: The uneven economic progress of TANF recipients (2008)
Zitatform
Wood, Robert G., Quinn Moore & Anu Rangarajan (2008): Two steps forward, one step back: The uneven economic progress of TANF recipients. In: Social Service Review, Jg. 82, H. 1, S. 3-28. DOI:10.1086/525035
Abstract
"This study investigates the long-term economic gains of current and former TANF recipients and explores the extent to which these recipients experience steady economic progress. Results suggest that recipients generally show economic progress but that there is considerable instability and heterogeneity of experience. Employment insecurity and poverty cycling are common even among the least disadvantaged TANF recipients and are particularly prevalent among those with low education levels, little work experience, and poor health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Skill specific unemployment with imperfect substitution of skills (2008)
Xie, Runli;Zitatform
Xie, Runli (2008): Skill specific unemployment with imperfect substitution of skills. (Sonderforschungsbereich Ökonomisches Risiko. Discussion paper 2008-024), Berlin, 24 S. DOI:10.18452/4116
Abstract
"A large body of literature explains the inferior position of unskilled workers by imposing a structural shift in the labor force skill composition. This paper takes a different approach by emphasizing the connection between cyclical variations in skilled and unskilled labor markets. Using a stylized business cycle model with search frictions in the respective sub-markets, I find that imperfect substitution between skilled and unskilled labor creates a channel for the variations in the sub-markets. Together with a general labor augmenting technology shock, it can generate downward sloping Beveridge curves. Calibrating the model to US data yields higher volatilities in the unskilled labor markets and reproduces stylized business cycle facts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should we subsidize work?: welfare reform, the earned income tax credit and optimal transfers (2007)
Acs, Gregory; Toder, Eric;Zitatform
Acs, Gregory & Eric Toder (2007): Should we subsidize work? Welfare reform, the earned income tax credit and optimal transfers. In: International Tax and Public Finance, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 327-343. DOI:10.1007/s10797-006-9010-z
Abstract
"During the 1990s, US income transfer and tax policies shifted towards trying to encourage work among low-income families. Optimal tax theory, however, suggests that work subsidies are usually an inefficient way to raise the incomes of poor families unless the work effort of recipients has external benefits and/or tax payer/voters prefer redistributing income to the working poor rather than the idle poor. This paper discusses the conditions under which work subsidies may be economically efficient and assesses empirical evidence that suggests that welfare reform and expansions of the EITC have increased work effort among low income families, but is inconclusive about whether the policy shift has enabled them to advance beyond entry-level jobs or benefited their children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary help agencies and the advancement prospects of low earners (2007)
Zitatform
Andersson, Frederik, Harry J. Holzer & Julia Lane (2007): Temporary help agencies and the advancement prospects of low earners. (NBER working paper 13434), Cambridge, Mass., 42 S. DOI:10.3386/w13434
Abstract
"In this paper we use a very large matched database on firms and employees to analyze the use of temporary agencies by low earners, and to estimate the impact of temp employment on subsequent employment outcomes for these workers. Our results show that, while temp workers have lower earnings than others while working at these agencies, their subsequent earnings are often higher - but only if they manage to gain stable work with other employers. Furthermore, the positive effects seem mostly to occur because those working for temp agencies subsequently gain access to higher-wage firms than do comparable low earners who do not work for temps. The positive effects we find seem to persist for up to six years beyond the period during which the temp employment occurred." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of minimum wages on the distribution of earnings and employment in the USA (2007)
Bazen, Stephen;Zitatform
Bazen, Stephen (2007): The impact of minimum wages on the distribution of earnings and employment in the USA. In: S. P. Jenkins & J. Micklewright (Hrsg.) (2007): Inequality and poverty re-examined, S. 232-249.
Abstract
Effektive Mindestlöhne haben notwendigerweise auch Auswirkungen auf die Einkommensverteilung. Die Einführung von Mindestlöhnen führt zu einer Abschwächung der Einkommensungleichheit, unabhängig davon, ob damit auch eine Reduzierung von Beschäftigung verbunden ist oder nicht. Der Beitrag untersucht in zwei Schritten zunächst die Auswirkungen von Mindestlöhnen auf die Einkommensverteilung und danach auf die Beschäftigung in den USA auf der Basis vorliegender Forschungsarbeiten aus den 1980er und 1990er Jahren. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Auswirkungen von Mindestlöhnen auf die Einkommensverteilung im Sinne statistischer Signifikanz empirisch relevanter sind als mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigung. Ein Verteilungseffekt zeigt sich sowohl bei Mindestlöhnen auf Staats- als auch auf Bundesebene, wohingegen Beschäftigungseffekte sich nur sporadisch und in messbarem Umfang nur bei Mindestlöhnen auf Bundesebene ablesen lassen. Darüber treten diese Effekte nur in geringem Umfang und in Verbindung mit der Beschäftigung Jugendlicher auf. Auch im internationalen Vergleich (Großbritannien, Frankreich) zeigt sich, dass die Einführung von Mindestlöhnen in erster Linie zu einer Verringerung der Ungleichheit in der Einkommensverteilung beiträgt und kaum Auswirkungen auf die Beschäftigung hat. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding low-wage work in the United States (2007)
Boushey, Heather; Waller, Margy; Fremstad, Shawn; Gragg, Rachel;Zitatform
Boushey, Heather, Shawn Fremstad, Rachel Gragg & Margy Waller (2007): Understanding low-wage work in the United States. Washington, 24 S.
Abstract
"Over 40 million jobs in the United States-about one in three-pay low wages. Unlike good jobs, most low-wage jobs do not offer employment benefits such as health insurance or retirement accounts, tend to have inflexible or unpredictable scheduling requirements, and provide little opportunity for career advancement. Globalization, automation, outsourcing, and other economic forces have all contributed to a changing domestic labor market. All too often low-wage jobs are replacing jobs that have traditionally supported a broad middle class. While there is considerable public concern about the erosion of the middle class, national policy-makers have done little in the last decade to improve the pay and conditions of low-wage work. The next decade could be one of considerable progress for improving low-wage jobs. In November 2006, voters in six states boosted state minimum wages, and voters in even more states elected candidates who pledged to increase the federal minimum wage and take steps to improve the economy for everyone. Yet relatively little agreement exists about the policies (beyond raising the minimum wage) that can improve these jobs, even among experts studying low-wage work. The Mobility Agenda staff is developing a menu of new ideas and strategies for improving lowwage work, a set of options that goes beyond minimum wage to strengthen the labor market and build an economy that works for everyone. Our focus is on improving wages, benefits, and other conditions of low-wage work. We seek to encourage further public debate about the significance of low-wage work and to promote discussion among stakeholders-workers, employers, policymakers, academics, community organizers, and others-about the extent to which a more direct focus on the labor market and economic policy is necessary to reduce poverty and improve the well-being of low-income families.1 In this report, we define low-wage work and provide a description of the low-wage labor market. We also examine the extent to which opportunity exists for workers to move out of the low-wage labor market and into better-paying jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kombilöhne in den USA und in Großbritannien: der gleiche Ansatz, aber verschiedene Effekte (2007)
Zitatform
Brücker, Herbert & Regina Konle-Seidl (2007): Kombilöhne in den USA und in Großbritannien: der gleiche Ansatz, aber verschiedene Effekte. In: IAB-Forum H. 1, S. 62-67.
Abstract
Der Beitrag untersucht Praxis und Auswirkungen von Kombilöhnen in den USA und Großbritannien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Übertragbarkeit der Erfahrungen auf die aktuelle bundesdeutsche Diskussion. Sowohl die Clinton- als auch die Blair-Regierung wollten mit Einkommenssubventionen in Form von Steuergutschriften Arbeit für Transferempfänger attraktiver machen. Ein verändertes System der Leistungsgewährung und schärfere Auflagen für nichterwerbstätige Leistungsempfänger flankierten die Einkommenssubvention. Die Auswirkungen waren in beiden Ländern unterschiedlich. Während in den USA die Erwerbsbeteiligung seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre stark anstieg und die Armut unter Arbeitenden insbesondere in Haushalten mit Kindern deutlich zurückgegangen ist, führten in Großbritannien die Einkommenssubventionen zu deutlich geringeren Effekten. Die Autoren führen dies auf ein 'grundlegendes Dilemma' zurück, dem die europäischen Sozialstaaten ausgesetzt sind. Orientiert man sich am Prinzip einer bedarfsdeckenden Grundsicherung, fallen die Erwerbsanreize aufgrund eines geringen Lohnabstandes deutlich schwächer aus als in einem System ohne garantiertes Existenzminimum wie in den USA. Auch für Deutschland gilt danach, dass Kombilohnmodelle, die dem Grundprinzip einer negativen Einkommensteuer folgen, nur relativ geringe Beschäftigungseffekte haben werden, wenn die Belastung für die öffentlichen Haushalte in Grenzen gehalten werden soll. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The effectiveness of minimum-wage increases in reducing poverty: past, present, and future (2007)
Zitatform
Burkhauser, Richard V. & Joseph J. Sabia (2007): The effectiveness of minimum-wage increases in reducing poverty. Past, present, and future. In: Contemporary Economic Policy, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 262-281. DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.2006.00045.x
Abstract
"Extending the work of Card and Krueger, we find minimum-wage increases (1988-2003) did not affect poverty rates overall, or among the working poor or among single mothers. Despite employment growth among single mothers, most gainers lived in nonpoor families and most working poor already had wages above the proposed minimums. Simulating a new federal minimum wage of 7.25 Dollar per hour, we find 87 % of workers who benefit live in nonpoor families. Poor single mothers receive 3.8 % of all benefits. Expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit would far more effectively reduce poverty, especially for single mothers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Child care subsidies, low-wage work and economic development (2007)
Davis, Elizabeth E.; Jefferys, Marcie;Zitatform
Davis, Elizabeth E. & Marcie Jefferys (2007): Child care subsidies, low-wage work and economic development. In: International Journal of Economic Development, Jg. 9, H. 3, S. 122-158.
Abstract
"Public spending for work supports like child care subsidies has been greatly increased in recent years to 'make work pay' and to encourage the labor force participation of low-income parents. This study tracked changes in earnings and employment sectors over three years for parents receiving child care subsidies in Minnesota. Employment of these parents was more concentrated in a few sectors of the economy than for the workforce as a whole. The overall pattern of concentration of employment did not change over the three years, but parents who moved into or stayed in the health care sector received higher average wages and experienced greater wage growth. Given the importance of the health care sector for community development and projected future shortages of healthcare workers, opportunities for linking work supports like child care subsidies with training and employment in these fields could improve outcomes for both families and communities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Perspectives of workers with low qualifications in Germany under the pressures of globalization and technical progress (2007)
Hagemann, Harald; Rukwid, Ralf;Zitatform
Hagemann, Harald & Ralf Rukwid (2007): Perspectives of workers with low qualifications in Germany under the pressures of globalization and technical progress. (Hohenheimer Diskussionsbeiträge 291/2007), Stuttgart, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper gives a detailed analysis of the perspectives of workers with low qualifications in Germany under the twofold pressures of globalization and technological change. First, alternative explanations for the skill-bias in the development of labour demand are discussed, with particular emphasis on the 'trade versus technology' debate. The consequences of the demand shift away from low-skilled labour in Germany are examined in a detailed empirical analysis of the development of (un)employment problems differentiated for qualification groups. Compared to other advanced economies, Germany shows a higher unemployment rate among less-qualified workers which is generally associated with a lack of flexibility in the German wage structure. However, an analysis of German, U.S. and British wage data based on the Cross National Equivalent File (CNEF) does not confirm the assumption of a simple monocausal relationship between wage disparity and the intensity of group-specific unemployment. Finally, some political approaches for an improvement of the job prospects of less-qualified persons in Germany are outlined briefly and evaluated against the background of the empirical results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of temporary help employment in low-wage worker advancement (2007)
Heinrich, Caroly J.; Troske, Kenneth R.; Mueser, Peter R.;Zitatform
Heinrich, Caroly J., Peter R. Mueser & Kenneth R. Troske (2007): The role of temporary help employment in low-wage worker advancement. (NBER working paper 13520), Cambridge, Mass., 48 S. DOI:10.3386/w13520
Abstract
"We examine the effects of temporary help service employment on later earnings and employment for individuals participating in three federal programs providing supportive services to those facing employment difficulties. The programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, whose participants are seriously disadvantaged; a job training program with a highly heterogeneous population of participants; and employment exchange services, whose participants consist of Unemployment Insurance claimants and individuals seeking assistant in obtaining employment. We undertake our analyses for two periods: the late 1990s, a time of very strong economic growth, and shortly after 2000, a time of relative stagnation. Our results suggest that temporary help service firms may facilitate quicker access to jobs for those seeking employment assistance and impart substantial benefits as transitional employment, especially for individuals whose alternatives are severely limited. Those who do not move out of temporary help jobs, however, face substantially poorer prospects, and we observe that nonwhites are more likely than whites to remain in THS positions in the two years following program participation. Our results are robust to program and time period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality and poverty re-examined (2007)
Jenkins, Stephen P. ; Bazen, Stephen; Nolan, Brian ; Micklewright, John; Phipps, Shelley; Booth, Alison L. ; Ravallion, Martin ; Bryan, Mark L. ; Sahn, David; Cappellari, Lorenzo ; Schnepf, Sylke V. ; Harding, Ann; Süssmuth, Bernd ; Levy, Horacio; Sutherland, Holly ; Lloyd, Rachel; von Weizsäcker, Robert K.; Micklewright, John; Younger, Stephen D.; Brandolini, Andrea ; Duclos, Jean-Yves; Warren, Neil; Lietz, Christine; Weizsäcker, Robert K. von; Jenkins, Stephen P. ; Whelan, Christopher T. ; Burton, Peter; Woolley, Frances;Zitatform
Jenkins, Stephen P. & John Micklewright (Hrsg.) (2007): Inequality and poverty re-examined. Cambridge u.a.: Oxford University Press, 306 S.
Abstract
"This book seeks to provide a guide to some of the new approaches that have been developed in the light of international initiatives to reduce poverty and the notable increases in income inequality and poverty that have occurred across many western countries in recent years. These new approaches have to some degree been facilitated by the emergence of new techniques and a growing availability of data that enables cross national comparisons not only of income variables but also of measures of welfare such as education achievement, nutritional status in developing countries and wealth and deprivation indicators in the developed world. Including specially commissioned research from a distinguished list of international authors, this volume makes a real contribution to the public debate surrounding inequality and poverty as well as providing new empirical information about them from around the world." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does the minimum wage cause inefficient rationing? (2007)
Luttmer, Erzo F.P.;Zitatform
Luttmer, Erzo F.P. (2007): Does the minimum wage cause inefficient rationing? In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 7, H. 1, S. 1-42. DOI:10.2202/1935-1682.1768
Abstract
"By not allowing wages to clear the labor market, the minimum wage could cause workers with low reservation wages to be rationed out while equally skilled workers with higher reservation wages are employed. This paper exploits overlapping CPS panels to more precisely identify those most affected by the minimum wage, a group I refer to as the 'unskilled.' I test for inefficient rationing by examining whether the reservation wages of employed unskilled workers in states where the 1990-1991 federal minimum wage increase had the largest impact rose relative to reservation wages of unskilled workers in other states. I find that proxies for reservation wages of unskilled workers in high-impact states did not rise relative to reservation wages in other states, suggesting that the increase in the minimum wage did not cause jobs to be allocated less efficiently. However, even if rationing is efficient, the minimum wage can still entail other efficiency costs (e.g., from employment reductions)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and employment: a review of evidence from the new minimum wage research (2007)
Zitatform
Neumark, David & William Wascher (2007): Minimum wages and employment. A review of evidence from the new minimum wage research. (IZA discussion paper 2570), Bonn, 156 S.
Abstract
"We review the burgeoning literature on the employment effects of minimum wages - in the United States and other countries - that was spurred by the 'new minimum wage research' beginning in the early 1990's. The wide range of existing estimates makes it difficult for us to draw broad generalizations about the implications of the new minimum wage research. Clearly, no consensus now exists about the overall effects on low-skilled employment of an increase in the minimum wage. However, the oft-stated assertion that this recent research fails to support the traditional view that the minimum wage reduces the employment of low-skilled workers is clearly incorrect. The overwhelming majority of the studies surveyed in this paper give a relatively consistent (although not always statistically significant) indication of negative employment effects of minimum wages. In addition, among the papers we view as providing the most credible evidence, almost all point to negative employment effects. Moreover, the evidence tends to point to disemployment effects of minimum wages in the United States as well as many other countries. Two potentially more important conclusions emerge from our review. First, we see very few - if any - cases where a study provides convincing evidence of positive employment effects of minimum wages, especially from studies that focus on broader groups (rather than a narrow industry) for which the competitive model predicts disemployment effects. Second, when researchers focus on the least-skilled groups most likely to be adversely affected by minimum wages, we regard the evidence as relatively overwhelming that there are stronger disemployment effects for these groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 12663 -
Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage effects in the longer run (2007)
Zitatform
Neumark, David & Olena Nizalova (2007): Minimum wage effects in the longer run. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 42, H. 2, S. 435-452.
Abstract
"Exposure to minimum wages at young ages could lead to adverse longer-run effects via decreased labor market experience and tenure, and diminished education and training, while beneficial longer-run effects could arise if minimum wages increase skill acquisition. Evidence suggests that as individuals reach their late 20s, they earn less the longer they were exposed to a higher minimum wage at younger ages, and the adverse longer-run effects are stronger for blacks. If there are such longer-run effects of minimum wages, they are likely more significant than the contemporaneous effects on youths that are the focus of research and policy debate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage effects in the post-welfare reform era (2007)
Zitatform
Neumark, David (2007): Minimum wage effects in the post-welfare reform era. Washington, 38 S.
Abstract
Gesetzliche Regelungen zum Mindestlohn sind immer noch ein wichtiges Thema der politischen Diskussion, trotz jahrelanger Forschungen zu Kosten und Nutzen von Mindestlöhnen. Dies gilt auch für die USA. Sowohl auf der Ebene des Bundes als auch auf der der Einzelstaaten gibt es Überlegungen und Initiativen zur Erhöhung der geltenden Mindestlöhne. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die Auswirkungen der von den Einzelstaaten in den USA erlassenen Mindestlöhne für den Zeitraum 1997-2005, d.h. nach den durchgeführten wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Reformen. Untersucht werden die Auswirkungen von Mindestlöhnen auf Beschäftigung, Einkommen und Verdienstmöglichkeiten von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen (im Alter von 16 bis 24 Jahren), auf Gruppen mit den unterschiedlichsten demographischen Voraussetzungen und beruflichen Qualifikationen. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich negative Beschäftigungseffekte von Mindestlöhnen in erster Linie bei gering qualifizierten männlichen Jugendlichen, die einer Minderheit angehören, zeigen. Positive Auswirkungen hingegen ergeben sich für junge Frauen im Alter von 20-24 Jahren, die Minderheiten angehören. Dies geht jedoch zu Kosten anderer Gruppen, in erster Linie Schulabbrecherinnen und Schulabbrechern aus den gleichen Minderheitengruppen. Gerade männliche Schulabbrecher sind von Arbeitslosigkeit und sinkenden Verdienstmöglichkeiten als Folge von Mindestlöhnen betroffen und auf staatliche Unterstützung angewiesen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and employment: evidence from the post-welfare reform era (2007)
Zitatform
Neumark, David & William Wascher (2007): Minimum wages, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and employment. Evidence from the post-welfare reform era. (IZA discussion paper 2610), Bonn, 38 S.
Abstract
"We study the effects of minimum wages and the EITC in the post-welfare reform era. For the minimum wage, the evidence points to disemployment effects that are concentrated among young minority men. For young women, there is little evidence that minimum wages reduce employment, with the exception of high school dropouts. In contrast, evidence strongly suggests that the EITC boosts employment of young women (although not teenagers). We also explore how minimum wages and the EITC interact, and the evidence reveals policy effects that vary substantially across different groups. For example, higher minimum wages appear to reduce earnings of minority men, and more so when the EITC is high. In contrast, our results indicate that the EITC boosts employment and earnings for minority women, and coupling the EITC with a higher minimum wage appears to enhance this positive effect. Thus, whether or not the policy combination of a high EITC and a high minimum wage is viewed as favorable or unfavorable depends in part on whose incomes policymakers are trying to increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 12915 -
Literaturhinweis
Flexible recession: The temporary staffing industry and mediated work in the United States (2007)
Zitatform
Peck, Jamie & Nik Theodore (2007): Flexible recession: The temporary staffing industry and mediated work in the United States. In: Cambridge Journal of Economics, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 171-192. DOI:10.1093/cje/bel011
Abstract
"The evolution of the temporary staffing industry (TSI) in the US is examined, with particular reference to the structural functions of temporary work during the boom of the 1990s, the 'flexible' recession of 2001, and the subsequent 'jobless' recovery. It is argued that the TSI is increasingly playing a systemic, macro regulatory role in the US labour market, where it now accounts for a disproportionate share of the costs of labour-market adjustment. The development path of the TSI is closely intertwined with the wider restructuring of the US economy, where it has assumed a significant presence as a purveyor of low-cost, flexibly mediated labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslosigkeit und Lohnspreizung: Empirische Befunde zur Arbeitsmarktsituation gering Qualifizierter in Deutschland (2007)
Rukwid, Ralf;Zitatform
Rukwid, Ralf (2007): Arbeitslosigkeit und Lohnspreizung: Empirische Befunde zur Arbeitsmarktsituation gering Qualifizierter in Deutschland. In: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 391-420.
Abstract
"In den Industriestaaten stehen die weniger qualifizierten Arbeitskräfte derzeit unter einem erheblichen Anpassungsdruck. Die Nachfragestruktur auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zuungunsten der formal Ungelernten verschoben, wobei als die Hauptursachen dieser Entwicklung die Globalisierung sowie ein qualifikationsverzerrter technischer Fortschritt gelten. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine detaillierte Analyse der Arbeitsmarktsituation gering Qualifizierter in Deutschland. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die Beschäftigungschancen für Erwerbspersonen ohne abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre systematisch und gegenüber den höher Qualifizierten überproportional verschlechtert haben. Dabei übertrifft die aktuelle gruppenspezifische Arbeitslosenquote der Ungelernten in Deutschland diejenige fast aller anderen OECD-Staaten. Dies wird häufig als Beleg für eine im Ländervergleich außerordentliche Problemlage gewertet und mit inflexiblen Lohnstrukturen in direkten Zusammenhang gebracht. Dieser Beitrag soll mit Hilfe einer empirischen Analyse von deutschen, amerikanischen und britischen Lohndaten auf Basis des Cross National Equivalent File (CNEF) Aufschlüsse über den tatsächlichen Grad der Flexibilität der deutschen Lohnstruktur geben. Hierbei werden landesspezifische Entwicklungstendenzen bei der Lohnverteilung beschrieben und der jeweilige Umfang an Lohnspreizung geschätzt. Zudem wird mittels Berechnung von Subgruppendisparitäten und der Durchführung von Dekompositionsverfahren der Zusammenhang zwischen Lohnungleichheit und formaler Qualifikation untersucht. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Analyseergebnisse sowie alternativer Studien erfolgt schließlich eine Einordnung der verschiedenen Politikansätze zur Verbesserung der Beschäftigungssituation gering Qualifizierter. Im Mittelpunkt der wirtschaftspolitischen Diskussion in Deutschland stehen neben Qualifizierungsstrategien vor allem Vorschläge einer stärkeren Lohndifferenzierung speziell im unteren Einkommensbereich. Eine simple monokausale Beziehung zwischen Lohnspreizung und der Intensität der Beschäftigungsprobleme gering qualifizierter Arbeitskräfte lässt sich anhand der in diesem Beitrag präsentierten empirischen Befunde allerdings nicht nachweisen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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- Theorie
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- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
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- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
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