Jugendarbeitslosigkeit
Trotz eines Rückgangs ist die EU-Jugendarbeitslosenquote nach wie vor sehr hoch. Laut EU-Kommission sind derzeit 4,5 Millionen junge Menschen (im Alter von 15 bis 24 Jahren) arbeitslos. Einem großen Teil dieser Generation droht durch fehlende Zukunftsperspektiven soziale Ausgrenzung mit weitreichenden Folgen. Mit Maßnahmen wie der Europäischen Ausbildungsallianz und Jugendgarantien der Länder soll entgegengesteuert werden.
Diese Infoplattform bietet einen Einblick in die Literatur zu den Determinanten von und Strategien gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene.
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
How Youth May Find Jobs: The Role of Positivity, Perceived Employability, and Support from Employment Agencies (2021)
Consiglio, Chiara ; Menatta, Pietro ; Borgogni, Laura; Valente, Lucia; Caprara, Gian Vittorio ; Alessandri, Guido ;Zitatform
Consiglio, Chiara, Pietro Menatta, Laura Borgogni, Guido Alessandri, Lucia Valente & Gian Vittorio Caprara (2021): How Youth May Find Jobs: The Role of Positivity, Perceived Employability, and Support from Employment Agencies. In: Sustainability, Jg. 13, H. 16. DOI:10.3390/su13169468
Abstract
"Youth unemployment is a relevant issue among most European countries; therefore, it is important to understand its individual and situational determinants. This study aimed to investigate a conceptual model that explains the associations among positivity (POS), perceived support from employment agencies, perceived employability (PE), and employment status in a sample of 317 unemployed Italian youth involved in the Youth Guarantee program. In particular, this study investigated the relationships between POS and PE and between PE and employment. Moreover, we analyzed whether the relationship between POS and employment status was mediated by PE and whether the relationship between POS and PE was moderated by perceived support from employment agencies. Results showed that PE totally mediated the relationship between POS and employment status. Furthermore, the moderating role of perceived support from agencies was confirmed; when high, it boosted the relationship between POS and PE. In sum, this study contributes to understanding the key impact of POS on PE, as well as the role played by employment agencies as a “catalyst” of this relationship, allowing, with their support, unemployed youth to maximize their opportunity to find a job. Implications for both research and practice are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Wounds That Do Not Heal: The Lifetime Scar of Youth Unemployment (2021)
Zitatform
De Fraja, Gianni, Sara Lemos & James Rockey (2021): The Wounds That Do Not Heal: The Lifetime Scar of Youth Unemployment. In: Economica, Jg. 88, H. 352, S. 896-941. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12384
Abstract
"This paper uses UK administrative data to study the long-term effects of unemployment on earnings. It is the first paper to pinpoint accurately the relative importance of the timing of employment shocks within workers’ lives. We find a strong effect of events in the first few years after entry into the labour market: each month of unemployment between ages 18 and 20 causes a permanent income loss of 1.2% per year. This scar effect of youth unemployment is lower when it happens when the worker's age is between 21 and 23, and it disappears altogether in the next three-year age period. The scar effect is most severe for individuals at the lower end of the ability distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Youth unemployment in Germany and the United Kingdom in times of Covid-19 (Series "Tracking youth joblessness during the Covid-19 crisis") (2021)
Dietrich, Hans ; Patzina, Alexander ; Achatz, Juliane; Anger, Silke ; Henseke, Golo ; Christoph, Bernhard ;Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans, Golo Henseke, Juliane Achatz, Silke Anger, Bernhard Christoph & Alexander Patzina (2021): Youth unemployment in Germany and the United Kingdom in times of Covid-19 (Series "Tracking youth joblessness during the Covid-19 crisis"). In: IAB-Forum H. 04.08.2021 Nürnberg, o. Sz., 2021-07-30.
Abstract
"Despite economic and institutional differences, youth unemployment figures in Germany and the United Kingdom rose during the Covid-19 pandemic and reached a peak in August 2020. Since then they have tended to decrease in both countries. Three aspects are important in this regard: the total number of unemployed youth, the inflow pattern of young people into unemployment, and the duration of their unemployment spells. The analysis of the two countries’ youth unemployment is embedded in a broader European perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young People between Education and the Labour Market during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy (2021)
Zitatform
Fiaschi, Davide & Cristina Tealdi (2021): Young People between Education and the Labour Market during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. (IZA discussion paper 14479), Bonn, 16 S.
Abstract
"We analyse the distribution and the flows between different types of employment (self-employment, temporary, and permanent), unemployment, education, and other types of inactivity, with particular focus on the duration of the school-to-work transition (STWT). The aim is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy on the careers of individuals aged 15-34. We find that the pandemic worsened an already concerning situation of higher unemployment and inactivity rates and significantly longer STWT duration compared to other EU countries, particularly for females and residents in the South of Italy. In the midst of the pandemic, individuals aged 20-29 were less in (permanent and temporary) employment and more in the NLFET (Neither in the Labour Force nor in Education or Training) state, particularly females and non Italian citizens. We also provide evidence of an increased propensity to return to schooling, but most importantly of a substantial prolongation of the STWT duration towards permanent employment, mostly for males and non Italian citizens. Our contribution lies in providing a rigorous estimation and analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the carriers of young individuals in Italy, which has not yet been explored in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Resilience to the Financial Crisis in EU Countries: A Comparative Analysis of NEET Youths in a Longitudinal Perspective (2021)
Zitatform
Filandri, Marianna, Lia Pacelli & Francesco Trentini (2021): Resilience to the Financial Crisis in EU Countries: A Comparative Analysis of NEET Youths in a Longitudinal Perspective. (Working paper series / Dipartimento economia e statistica "Cognetti de Martiis" 2021,22), Torino, 28 S.
Abstract
"In recent years the number of young individuals not in employment, education nor training has been rising alarmingly. This condition may have long-lasting social and economic consequences and the ability to profile the most resilient types gives important information on more effective interventions for the most fragile ones. We analyse the trajectories of young Europeans in and out of the NEET condition in the decade following the financial crisis. We link the trajectories to pre-crisis structural features of selected institutions at the country level as well as to pre-crisis economic growth, institutions and policies often mentioned as able to facilitate the employment of young people. We take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the EU-SILC rotating panel to identify specific patterns in and out of the NEET condition, and we estimate a multilevel model to assess the impact of macrovariables on individual trajectories. Main results point to the positive effect of family support policies, training and of economic growth in deceasing the probability of being NEET for a very long period of time. Less so regarding the probability of churning in and out of NEET." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Evaluation der Jugendberufsagenturen in Schleswig-Holstein: Abschlussbericht (2021)
Green, Susanne; Holthusen, Lorenz; Kestner, Sylvia; Wittig, Wolfgang ; Kiepenheuer-Drechsler, Barbara;Zitatform
Green, Susanne, Lorenz Holthusen, Sylvia Kestner & Wolfgang Wittig (2021): Evaluation der Jugendberufsagenturen in Schleswig-Holstein. Abschlussbericht. Berlin, IV, 171 S.
Abstract
"Im Auftrag des Landes Schleswig-Holstein evaluierte das Forschungsinstitut Betriebliche Bildung (f-bb) zwischen Mai und November 2019 acht Jugendberufsagenturen. Der Fokus lag auf dem standortbezogenen Umsetzungsstand in Bezug auf die eigenen sowie die landesweiten Zielsetzungen. Dabei standen Fragen im Fokus, die sich den Themenfeldern „Zusammenarbeit mit dem jungen Menschen“, „Möglichkeiten zur individuellen und beruflichen Orientierung“ und „Wirkungen der Jugendberufsagenturen auf die Zielgruppe“ zuordnen lassen. Die Analyse umfasste Dokumente, Einzelinterviews mit den Koordinator*innen und Gruppeninterviews mit Expert*innen der jeweiligen Kooperationspartner sowie eine Online-Befragung von Führungskräften und Mitarbeitenden aus den Standorten sowie von Wirtschaftspartnern. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich eine hohe regionale Ausgestaltungsoffenheit, die sich an bereits bestehender Vernetzung, der Standortnähe zu Partnern und zur Zielgruppe, aber auch an vorhandenen Räumlichkeiten, materiellen und personellen Ressourcen sowie Verkehrsanbindungen orientiert. Zudem wird der prozessuale Charakter von Jugendberufsagenturen als „lernendes System“ herausgestellt. Die Einbindung und Qualifizierung des Personals spielt eine wesentliche Rolle, um die Akzeptanz und Wahrnehmung des Mehrwerts der JBA zu fördern. Bei der Frage nach den Wirkungen werden die jeweils vorgesehenen Indikatoren auf ihre Validität und Aussagekraft hin geprüft und kritisch kommentiert. Der Bericht enthält Hinweise zu den daraus ableitbaren Erkenntnissen zur Wirkung der Jugendberufsagenturen auf die Zielgruppe. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen zu den Themenfeldern werden Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet, um dem Auf- und Ausbau von Jugendberufsagenturen vor Ort weitere Impulse zu geben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Classed and gendered transitions in youth activation: The case of Finnish youth employment services (2021)
Zitatform
Haikkola, Lotta (2021): Classed and gendered transitions in youth activation. The case of Finnish youth employment services. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 250-266. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2020.1715358
Abstract
"This article examines the role of youth activation in reproducing classed and gendered youth transitions. A large body of research on transitions examines how structural conditions continue to pattern youth transitions in the context of detraditionalization and individualisation. What is often missing from these analyses, is the role of institutional actors and youth policies. Based on a multi-sited ethnographic research in employment services in Helsinki, Finland, this article explores the role of youth activation and welfare conditionality in NEET young people's transitions. Youth activation refers to a complex mix of employment services, prevention of social exclusion, active labour market policies and welfare conditionality. The article shows how the seemingly supportive practices provided by youth employment services channel young people to a limited number of occupational tracks at the lower end of the labour market in a gendered manner. This channelling is institutionalised in the services' organisational structures and practices, and strengthened by welfare conditionality. The consequence is a powerful institutional pattern that structures and restricts youths? transition paths." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Keiner darf verloren gehen" - neue Chancen in Coronazeiten: Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Jugendberufsagentur Rostock (2021)
Heilmann, Sven;Zitatform
Heilmann, Sven (2021): Keiner darf verloren gehen" - neue Chancen in Coronazeiten. Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Jugendberufsagentur Rostock. In: Nachrichtendienst des Deutschen Vereins für öffentliche und private Fürsorge, Jg. 101, H. 2, S. 83-85.
Abstract
"Mit dem Begriff der Coronapandemie im März 2020 entstand in der Rostocker Jugendberufsagentur, dem Jugendhaus Rostock, eine völlig neue Herausforderung für die Beratung unter einem Dach - nicht nur für die Kund/innen, sondern auch für die Mitarbeiter/innen. Für die Betreuung der Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mussten schnell neue Wege gefunden werden, damit keine "Generation Corona" entsteht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Evaluierung der Jugendberufsagentur Berlin: Abschlussbericht (01.08.2020 - 31.12.2020) : Drucksache 18/3645 v. 26.04.2021 (2021)
Kestner, Sylvia; Kiepenheuer-Drechsler, Barbara;Zitatform
Kestner, Sylvia & Barbara Kiepenheuer-Drechsler (2021): Evaluierung der Jugendberufsagentur Berlin. Abschlussbericht (01.08.2020 - 31.12.2020) : Drucksache 18/3645 v. 26.04.2021. Berlin, 71 S.
Abstract
"Wie wird die Jugendberufsagentur Berlin in den zwölf regionalen Standorten umgesetzt? Welche Entwicklungsprozesse wurden seit 2016 angestoßen und welche Aspekte haben sich in der neuartigen rechtskreisübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit bewährt? Und vor allem: Wie nehmen die jungen Ratsuchenden das Beratungsangebot der JBA Berlin wahr? Dies sind nur einige der Fragestellungen, die im Rahmen der begleitenden Evaluation der JBA Berlin vom 1. Juni 2016 bis zum 31. Dezember 2020 zu beantworten waren. Der Abschlussbericht der begleitenden Evaluation ergänzt zum Stichtag 31.12.2020 vor allem die Erhebungen zur Perspektive der jungen Menschen. Erste Ergebnisse konnten bereits im dritten Zwischenbericht präsentiert werden. Mit Blick auf den langen Evaluationszeitraum werden mit diesem Bericht aber auch eine Einordnung der stattgefundenen Entwicklungen vorgenommen und abschließend Weiterentwicklungspotenziale im Kontext einer rechtskreisübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Temporality of Being NEET: A Longitudinal Study of NEET Occurrences among Young Adults in Denmark (2021)
Zitatform
Kleif, Helle Bendix (2021): The Temporality of Being NEET: A Longitudinal Study of NEET Occurrences among Young Adults in Denmark. In: Young, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 217-235. DOI:10.1177/1103308820945098
Abstract
"The NEET concept has become standard vocabulary when addressing youth disengagement. Across countries, the definition is used to measure young adults at risk of social exclusion. Using sequence and clustering analyses on unique Danish register data, this article presents a longitudinal study of the temporal developments of NEET occurrences. This enables a critical assessment of the quality of the NEET concept as a proxy for measuring young adults at risk of social exclusion. The article demonstrates how four out of five young adults labelled NEET cannot be characterized as being at risk of social exclusion. Using quantitative analyses, the results confirm the criticism of the NEET concept in some of the qualitative literature and find that there is a need to discuss the applicability of the concept nationally to define who is at risk, as well as in cross-national comparisons of young adults not in employment, education or training." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jugendliche aus Förderschulen mit Schwerpunkt "Lernen": Schwieriger Übergang in Ausbildung und Arbeitsmarkt (2021)
Zitatform
Menze, Laura, Malte Sandner, Silke Anger, Reinhard Pollak & Heike Solga (2021): Jugendliche aus Förderschulen mit Schwerpunkt "Lernen": Schwieriger Übergang in Ausbildung und Arbeitsmarkt. (IAB-Kurzbericht 22/2021), Nürnberg, 12 S.
Abstract
"In Deutschland wird ein vergleichsweise hoher Anteil der Schülerinnen und Schüler mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf an separaten Förderschulen unterrichtet. Dort erreichen die jungen Menschen häufig keinen Schulabschluss und gehören damit zu einer am Arbeitsmarkt vulnerablen Gruppe. Deshalb wird in dem Kurzbericht untersucht, ob und wie diesen Jugendlichen der Zugang in Ausbildung und zum Arbeitsmarkt gelingt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Jugendliche von Förderschulen mit dem Schwerpunkt „Lernen“ finden seltener Zugang zu einer Ausbildung und erwerben bis zum Alter von 20 Jahren seltener einen Ausbildungsabschluss als Jugendliche von Regelschulen, selbst wenn sie einen vergleichbaren Schulabschluss haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Aktivitäten der Abgängerinnen und Abgänger von Förderschulen im Vergleich zu denjenigen aus Regelschulen nach Ende der 9. Klasse bis zum Alter von etwa 20 Jahren (Befragungsdaten)
- Aktivitäten der Abgängerinnen und Abgänger von Förderschulen im Vergleich zu denjenigen aus Regelschulen nach Ende der 9. Klasse bis zum Alter von etwa 20 Jahren (Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien, Jugendliche mit und ohne Hauptschulabschluss)
- Kognitive Grundfähigkeiten in der 9. Klasse, Abgängerinnen und Abgänger von Förderschulen und Regelschulen
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Literaturhinweis
Neither studying nor working: free time as a solution? (2021)
Zitatform
Moreno-Colom, Sara, Albert Trinidad, Núria Alcaraz & Vicent Borràs Català (2021): Neither studying nor working: free time as a solution? In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 24, H. 7, S. 977-993. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2020.1784857
Abstract
"This article analyses the importance of free-time activities in building the identity of Spanish young people who neither study nor work. The initial point is that the situation of unemployment, inactivity and precarious work that affects many young people leads to changes in the construction of their identity. Low employment and job insecurity accentuate the loss of centrality of paid work in their life project, and the use of free time reflects the traits that identify them in a specific context. The relationship between free time and training and/or working time was therefore investigated using a qualitative methodological strategy to analyse the structure, meaning and content of free time according to young people’s situation in relation to education and employment, their gender and their region of residence. The results suggest that the symbolic centrality of working time persists alongside changes in the meaning and content of free time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mentoring Improves the Labor-Market Prospects of Disadvantaged Adolescents (2021)
Zitatform
Resnjanskij, Sven, Jens Ruhose, Simon Wiederhold & Ludger Wößmann (2021): Mentoring Improves the Labor-Market Prospects of Disadvantaged Adolescents. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 38-43.
Abstract
"How can the labor-market prospects of school-attending adolescents from disadvantaged families be improved? One possible approach is the use of mentoring programs that assign adolescents a mentor who can provide them with support that their family environment is not able to provide. But do such programs really help? Testing this empirically is difficult because it is unclear how these adolescents would have developed without participating in the mentoring program, since available datasets generally do not include a convincing control group of similarly disadvantaged youths. To overcome this limitation, we randomized participation in a large German mentoring program, exploiting the fact that the program was oversubscribed, i.e., had more applicants than available slots. Due to the random assignment, the adolescents who did not participate in the program provide a compelling control group for the participants. We find that the mentoring program significantly improves an index of labor-market prospects for eighth- and ninth-graders from severely disadvantaged families one year after program start. The positive effects are present for all three components of the index, which measure cognitive (math grade), non-cognitive (patience and social skills) and motivational (labor-market orientation) aspects. For disadvantaged adolescents, the expected income benefits from program participation greatly exceed program costs. In contrast, the program has no positive effects for adolescents from less disadvantaged families. The results suggest that mentoring works when it compensates for a lack of family support." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The association of economic and cultural capital with the NEET rate: differential geographical and temporal patterns (2021)
Zitatform
Ripamonti, Enrico & Stefano Barberis (2021): The association of economic and cultural capital with the NEET rate: differential geographical and temporal patterns. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 55. DOI:10.1186/s12651-021-00296-y
Abstract
"Using data from 103 Italian provinces, we investigated the relationship between local/regional development, and NEET. We constructed an indicator of cultural capital and another of economic capital and we studied their relation with the NEET rate. Covariance Structure Analysis with Generalized Least Squares estimation was employed, considering a three time-points retrospective model. Results indicate a consistent protective effect of the economic capital on the NEET rate, both in the short run (2 years) and in the medium run (10 years). However, this effect has been obtained in the Central provinces (at 2 and 10 years) and Southern provinces (at 10 years), but not in the Northern provinces. A mediation analysis indicated that, historically, the cultural capital may partly mediate the effect of the economic capital. We did not detect a significant direct effect of the cultural capital on the NEET rate, which is strongly mediated by the action of the economic capital. Together, these results denote that the economic capital is a strong predictor of NEET, but not in very competitive economic areas." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
IG Metall Jugendstudie Plan B - Datenreport (2021)
Schnetzer, Simon; Stenzel, Florian;Zitatform
Schnetzer, Simon (2021): IG Metall Jugendstudie Plan B - Datenreport. Frankfurt am Main, 76 S.
Abstract
"Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Befragung »Plan B« zeigt: die Corona-Pandemie hat starke negative Auswirkungen auf die aktuelle Erwerbs- bzw. Ausbildungssituation, das persönliche Wohlbefinden sowie den sozialen Nahbereich und die Zukunftspläne junger Menschen. Befragt wurden vom 13.01.–31.03.2021 insgesamt 3.229 junge Menschen zwischen 16 und 27 Jahren aus den Zielgruppen Auszubildende, dual Studierende und junge Berufstätige." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Making Summer Matter: The Impact Of Youth Employment On Academic Performance (2021)
Schwartz, Amy Ellen; Leos‐Urbel, Jacob; McMurry, Joel; Wiswall, Matthew;Zitatform
Schwartz, Amy Ellen, Jacob Leos‐Urbel, Joel McMurry & Matthew Wiswall (2021): Making Summer Matter: The Impact Of Youth Employment On Academic Performance. In: Quantitative Economics, Jg. 12, H. 2, S. 477-504. DOI:10.3982/QE883
Abstract
"This paper examines New York City's Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP). SYEP provides jobs to youth ages 14–24, and due to high demand for summer jobs, allocates slots through a random lottery system. We match student‐level data from the SYEP program with educational records from the NYC Department of Education and use the random lottery to estimate the effects of SYEP participation on a number of academic outcomes, including test taking and performance. We find that SYEP participation has positive impacts on student academic outcomes, and these effects are particularly large for students who participate in SYEP multiple times." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Examining NEET situations in Spain: Labour Market, Discourses and Policies (2021)
Zitatform
Strecker, Tanja, Joffre López & M. Àngels Cabasés (2021): Examining NEET situations in Spain: Labour Market, Discourses and Policies. In: Journal of applied youth studies, Jg. 4, H. 2, S. 119-134. DOI:10.1007/s43151-021-00048-2
Abstract
"Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) and its Spanish equivalent 'nini' (Ni estudia, Ni trabaja) have dominated youth policy discourses in recent years. Within the European Union, Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of young people in NEET situations. In this article, it is argued that the idea of NEET has been weaponised to stigmatise youth, by evoking the phantom of a demotivated young person with scarce training. This stigmatisation has little to do with the reality of many young Spaniards who can find themselves in different situations, such as unemployment, precarious employment, training and education in a matter of days. Thus, there is a need to consider the different experiences and structural circumstances of so-called NEETs rather than viewing them as a homogenous and static group. Using documentary analysis and secondary data, this article examines the diversity of NEET situations for the youth in Spain, which is generally not captured in large national statistics data-sets and policies. Furthermore, it analyses the EU Youth Guarantee and its application in Spain, highlighting where official objectives have not been met, and includes an overview of the current effects of the coronavirus crisis. Ultimately, the paper shows that public discourses centred on an artificially created social group (NEET) legitimise and produce policies that do not respond to young people's actual needs and problems, especially for the most vulnerable among them." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Combating Youth Unemployment with a Fair EU Youth Guarantee (2021)
Zitatform
Tamesberger, Dennis & Johann Bacher (2021): Combating Youth Unemployment with a Fair EU Youth Guarantee. In: CESifo forum, Jg. 22, H. 4, S. 3-7.
Abstract
"Although the Covid-19 recession has not caused youth unemployment and the NEET rate to rise as sharply as expected, reducing youth unemployment and the NEET rate is a political necessity at regional, national and European level. In the EU-27, there were around 9.8 million young people in a NEET situation in the year 2020; 5.1 million were unemployed. Experience from the financial and economic crisis of 2008, when the rise in NEET numbers occurred not immediately but with a delay, suggests that a longer timeframe for action in the form of a Youth Guarantee is essential. This also appears necessary because it is difficult to assess whether sufficient jobs will be available after the Covid-19 crisis has passed. We propose formula-based financing and distribution for this fund. On the one hand, the concept intends to avoid the substitution effect, whereby countries finance their existing programs with EU funds and do not undertake any additional efforts. On the other hand, the concept clearly promotes solidarity: countries that are more affected by the Covid-19 crisis and the NEET problem should co-finance less in relative terms than countries that are less affected. Similar to the formula-based financing of school systems, the proposed model could promote transparency and equity in EU funding. Finally, an EU Youth Guarantee with a sufficient budget and rational solidarity distributions would not only show that the EU cares about the next generation but also emphasize that the EU is eager to support economically struggling regions." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fear-of-failure and cultural persistence in youth entrepreneurship: Comparative analysis: Greece versus Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Tubadji, Annie, Hans Dietrich, Vasilis Angelis, Anette Haas & Brigitte Schels (2021): Fear-of-failure and cultural persistence in youth entrepreneurship. Comparative analysis: Greece versus Germany. In: Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Jg. 33, H. 5, S. 513-538., 2019-11-12. DOI:10.1080/08276331.2019.1692999
Abstract
"This paper explores the sensitivity of youth's fear of failure to local culture, in terms of its persistence across space and its change (hysteresis) in times of economic shocks, which renders entrepreneurship a very dubious tool for tackling youth unemployment especially in times of crisis. We focus on youth in Germany and Greece which are culturally and economically very different countries. Data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) provides a pooled cross-section for the period 2003-2010. We address the data using a probit model with year fixed effects. Regarding the influence of personal fear-of-failure, we find that youth between 15 and 24 years of age are less entrepreneurial in both Greece and Germany, while the 25-34 years old young adults in Greece are already at the same entrepreneurial level as an average adult. Our findings also support existing gender differentials in both countries, which generally phase out among young people. Yet, country differences in perceptions have the greatest impact on entrepreneurial propensity. Regarding the local cultural characteristics, there is evidence of cultural embeddedness and cultural persistence effects especially among youth between 15 and 24 years of age which makes entrepreneurship an unsuitable" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Towards a more all-inclusive evaluation of interventions for unemployed youth: A longitudinal investigation of participant, programme, relational and contextual factors (2021)
Zitatform
Wesseling, Wendy Ida Elisabeth (2021): Towards a more all-inclusive evaluation of interventions for unemployed youth: A longitudinal investigation of participant, programme, relational and contextual factors. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 7, S. 1145-1161. DOI:10.1111/spol.12705
Abstract
"Youth unemployment has severe and long-lasting consequences. Despite the abundance of programmes that aim to integrate unemployed youth into the labour market, little is known about what factors have an impact on ensuring a durable labour market transition. This study reports on an employment programme for high-educated, unemployed young adults. The effect of participant, programme, relational and contextual factors on employment success was examined in a longitudinal study among 1,306 young adults. Twelve months after the programme, 1,069 participants were employed. Participant and relational factors increased the likelihood of employment success, while the effect of programme factors was mixed. Contextual factors decreased the likelihood of employment quality. The prediction of employment status and quality was based on a different combination of factors, which underscores the importance of investigating both, especially in a highly educated sample. More insight into the role, the four primary determinants play in finding employment can help improve employment interventions. Several courses of action are presented." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Determinanten
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Strategien
- Aktive Arbeitsmarktprogramme
- Beschäftigungsförderung - Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit
- Maßnahmen zur Bildung und Weiterbildung
- "Assistierte Ausbildung"
- Förderung der Mobilität auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
- "Jugendgarantie" - überbetriebliches Ausbildungsangebot
- Vernetzung der Akteure - Jugendberufsagenturen
- Geografischer Bezug