Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Weiterbildungsungleichheit und technologischer Wandel: Nach IT-Investitionen steigt vor allem die Weiterbildungsquote der Höherqualifizierten (2025)
Zitatform
Müller, Christoph (2025): Weiterbildungsungleichheit und technologischer Wandel: Nach IT-Investitionen steigt vor allem die Weiterbildungsquote der Höherqualifizierten. (IAB-Kurzbericht 06/2025), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2506
Abstract
"Betriebliche Weiterbildung soll dazu beitragen, die Fähigkeiten der Beschäftigten an neue Anforderungen anzupassen. Gerade im Zuge der digitalen Transformation der Arbeitswelt sind solche Anpassungen dringend erforderlich. Die vorliegende Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Investitionen in digitale Technologien und innerbetrieblicher Weiterbildung zeigt: In Betrieben mit IT-Investitionen steigen die Weiterbildungsquoten der Beschäftigten mit qualifizierten Tätigkeiten; bei denjenigen mit einfachen Tätigkeiten ist dies im Mittel hingegen nicht der Fall." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Nach IT-Investitionen fallen die innerbetrieblichen Weiterbildungsquoten von Beschäftigten mit qualifizierten Tätigkeiten höher aus
- Anteil der Betriebe mit IT-Investitionen und innerbetriebliche Weiterbildungsquoten der Beschäftigten
- Veränderung der innerbetrieblichen Weiterbildungsquoten der Beschäftigten im Zuge von betrieblichen IT-Investitionen
- Betriebliche IT-Investitionen und innerbetriebliche Weiterbildungsquoten der Beschäftigten 2019
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Literaturhinweis
Ordnungspolitische Herausforderungen durch die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt (2025)
Zitatform
Neumann, Michael & Anika Kamin (2025): Ordnungspolitische Herausforderungen durch die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 74, H. 2, S. 162-187. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2025-2007
Abstract
"The digitalisztion of the world of work enables new phenomena such as cloud robotics and deep learning. With the use of artificial intelligence in the workplace, but also due to the massive use of digital communication technologies, our working world is currently being revolutionized. Increased outsourcing, symbiotic collaboration with robots, individualised employment relationships and a rise in teleworking and home office are coming to society. They encounter a legal framework that is not designed for these innovations. The new challenges have a lot to do with the readiness of the population for digital change and thus with specific educational components, furthermore with the expansion of the digital infrastructure, but at least as much with the legal regulations and thus with the regulatory policy in the respective countries. This article aims to highlight these regulatory challenges for Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital transformation, employment change and the adaptation of regions in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Neumann, Uwe (2025): Digital transformation, employment change and the adaptation of regions in Germany. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 73, S. 37-50. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2024.12.014
Abstract
"Digital change is often said to lead to large-scale job losses. Using data from administrative sources in Germany, this study examines the extent to which adaptation to digital change has affected regional employment growth and disparities over the past decade. The analysis confirms previous research according to which increases in productivity coincide with regional job growth rather than decline. Incorporating various indicators of digitalisation and automation into a model of industry-specific regional job growth shows that local labour markets with very different characteristics – regions with strong manufacturing clusters on the one hand and large cities on the other – have achieved employment growth despite high automation exposure. While the study highlights regional differentials with respect to the adaptation to technological change, less prosperous regions may face a much greater challenge in realising job creation potentials. The results argue against policy efforts aimed at “protecting” jobs from digitalisation and automation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence and technological unemployment: Understanding trends, technology's adverse roles, and current mitigation guidelines (2025)
Nigar, Meher; Golder, Uttam ; Alam, Mohammad Jahangir; Hossain, Mohammad Kamal ; Juli, Jannatul Ferdous;Zitatform
Nigar, Meher, Jannatul Ferdous Juli, Uttam Golder, Mohammad Jahangir Alam & Mohammad Kamal Hossain (2025): Artificial intelligence and technological unemployment. Understanding trends, technology's adverse roles, and current mitigation guidelines. In: Journal of open innovation, Jg. 11, H. 3. DOI:10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100607
Abstract
"As artificial intelligence (AI) and automation continue to reshape industries, concerns about technological unemployment are intensifying. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA framework to examine peer-reviewed literature from the Scopus database (2015–July 09, 2025). It identifies threecore themes: (1) trends in AI-induced labor displacement, including task automation, skill polarization, and industry-specific disruptions in sectors such as healthcare, education, and creative industries; (2) the adverse roles of AI technologies, particularly in affecting white-collar professionals, gig workers, and freelancers by increasing precarity and skill mismatches; and (3) existing mitigation strategies, including responsible AI guidelines proposed by governments, institutions, and firms aimed at balancing technological advancement with employment protection. While a growing body of policy responses encourages human-AI complementarity, current measures remain fragmented and insufficient to address the structural risks of workforce displacement. This study presents a comprehensive synthesis of the evolving relationship between AI and employment, highlighting key areas for further inquiry and policy development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by ElsevierLtd on behalf of Prof JinHyo Joseph Yun.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Just another cog in the machine? A worker‐level view of robotization and tasks (2025)
Zitatform
Nikolova, Milena, Anthony Lepinteur & Femke Cnossen (2025): Just another cog in the machine? A worker‐level view of robotization and tasks. In: Economica, Jg. 92, H. 368, S. 1101-1148. DOI:10.1111/ecca.70006
Abstract
"Technological change has led to a decline in the share of routine and physical jobs, and a rise in the share of abstract and social ones at the economy level. However, much less is known about how these trends unfold at the individual level. Do workers' tasks become more or less routine and physical? Do workers shift towards more social and abstract activities? This paper is the first to explore these questions in the context of robotization. We use survey data from 20 European countries to develop worker-level indices of physical, routine, abstract and social tasks, which we link to industry-level robotization exposure. Using instrumental variable techniques, we find that robotization reduces physically demanding tasks but increases routine tasks, while also limiting opportunities for cognitively challenging work and human interaction. This study provides a worker-centric perspective on the relationship between technology and task composition, revealing insights that aggregate analyses miss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence, automation and employment dynamics: empirical evidence from G7 economies (2025)
Zitatform
Okur, Fatih & Enes Özdemir (2025): Artificial intelligence, automation and employment dynamics: empirical evidence from G7 economies. In: Journal of Economic Studies, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1108/jes-06-2025-0414
Abstract
"Purpose: This study examines how the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation affects employment dynamics across G7 economies. While previous research has often focused on either AI or robotics in isolation, their combined and long-term effects on employment remain poorly understood. Addressing this gap is crucial for policymakers seeking to balance technological progress with labor market stability. Design/methodology/approach: Using a balanced panel dataset covering 2010–2024 for the G7 countries, thestudy investigates the relationships between AI investment (proxied by information and communication technology (ICT) investment), robot density (ROBOT), wages, productivity (PRD) and education spending (EDU), and their impact on employment. The analysis employs panel unit root and cross-sectional dependence tests, a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework estimated via the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator, and robustness checks using Driscoll–Kraay fixed effects, common correlatedeffects (CCE) estimators, country-specific regressions and Dumitrescu –Hurlin panel causality tests. Findings: The results reveal that AI investment has a significant negative effect on employment in the long run, whereas ROBOT shows a positive but context-dependent relationship. Wage levels are negatively associated with employment, while PRD shows only a modest positive influence. Education expenditure exhibits mixed behavior – positive in the short run but negative in the long run – suggesting potential misalignment with evolving labor market needs. Causality tests confirm a unidirectional link from AI investment to employment, underscoring its structural role in labor market change. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited by data availability, particularly the lack of detailed sectoral or occupational breakdowns across countries. As a result, it cannot fully capture the distributional effects of AI and automation across different worker groups. The use of proxies, such as ICT investment for AI, may not reflect the full scope of AI deployment. Despite these limitations, the findings highlight important macro-level dynamics and suggest that technological investments significantly shape employment trends. Future research should utilize micro-level data to explore sector-specific impacts, wage effects and labor force transitions in response to digital transformation. Practical implications: The findings suggest that without targeted policy interventions, increased AI investment may displace workers in the long run. Policymakers should prioritize reskilling, adapt education systems to evolving technological needs, and differentiate strategies across sectors and worker skill levels. Social implications: This study highlights the potential for AI and automation to reshape labor markets, with implications for income distribution, job security and social cohesion. The displacement of routine jobs may disproportionately affect low-skilled and vulnerable workers, increasing the risk of inequality and social exclusion. To prevent deepening divides, social policies must focus on equitable access to education, digital literacy and lifelong learning. Supporting workforce adaptability through inclusive training programs and social safety nets is essential. The results underscore the urgent need for collaborative efforts between governments, educational institutions and industries to ensure a socially sustainable digital transformation. Originality/value: This study is among the first to jointly analyze AI and robotics within a dynamic panel framework, offering new cross-country evidence on their heterogeneous employment effects in advanced economies. By integrating multiple estimation strategies and country-specific perspectives, the paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how technological transformation reshapes labor markets and highlights the institutional conditions that mediate these effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © EmeraldGroup) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the impact of AI on unemployment for people with disabilities: do educational attainment and governance matter? (2025)
Zitatform
Omri, Anis, Henda Omri & Hatem Afi (2025): Exploring the impact of AI on unemployment for people with disabilities: do educational attainment and governance matter? In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 13. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1559101
Abstract
"The current study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on unemployment among people with disabilities, focusing on the mediating role of education and the moderating effect of governance quality. Using panel data from 27 high-tech developed countries between 2006 and 2022, the findings reveal a nuanced relationship where AI initially increases unemployment among people with disabilities due to automation and skill mismatches. However, advanced education mitigates this effect, significantly improving employability by equipping individuals with market-relevant skills. Governance quality plays a critical role in this dynamic, amplifying AI’s positive impact on education while, paradoxically, intensifying its negative effects on unemployment when governance frameworks are weak or misaligned. These findings underscore the importance of robust governance structures and targeted educational initiatives to harness AI’s potential in fostering inclusive labor markets. Policymakers should align AI investments with governance reforms and education systems to ensure equitable employment opportunities for people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job polarisation OR AND upgrading! Recent evidence from Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Otoiu, Adrian, Emilia Titan, Dorel Paraschiv & Daniela-Ioana Manea (2025): Job polarisation OR AND upgrading! Recent evidence from Europe. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 257-270. DOI:10.1017/elr.2025.12
Abstract
"Based on recent evidence from Europe, the paper shows that polarization and upgrading are not mutually exclusive trends, but rather, simultaneously defined recent structural changes in employment. The results show that (a) the occupational structure shows a general shift towards high-skill jobs, (b) the prevailing upgrading patterns are often accompanied by job polarization, as the share of middle-skill jobs declines in most cases, and (c) while low-skill employment often outperforms middle-skill jobs, it has tended to decline. In addition to analysing trends for EU-27 countries with different levels of development for the latest available time periods, the article also shows that occupational upgrading patterns are rather intertwined with job polarisation and are compatible with both the Skill-Biased Technical Change (SBTC) and Routine-Biaszd Technical Change (RBTC) hypotheses. The employment dynamics of low-skill workers are uncertain, as they are not fully compatible with any theoretical model, thus pointing to the need for a finer understanding of changes in occupational structure, and the extent to which both polarization and upgrading are shaping the evolution of the labor force structure under the impact of (ongoing) technological change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Future-oriented occupations in the EU: main features, employment conditions, and job strain (2025)
Parent-Thirion, Agnes; Wukovits-Votzi, Nora; Muller, Jessye;Zitatform
Parent-Thirion, Agnes, Nora Wukovits-Votzi & Jessye Muller (2025): Future-oriented occupations in the EU. Main features, employment conditions, and job strain. 51 S. DOI:10.2767/2953537
Abstract
"The way we work is changing due to developments associated with the digital and green transition as well as demographic change, as a driver of current and future labour shortages. As these transitions impact job content, tasks and processes, they will change how people work, the skills needed to carry out jobs, employment conditions, and, ultimately, dimensions of their job quality. These transition-related changes in occupations are of high relevance for workers, job applicants, and students training to join these occupations, as well as stakeholders, and policy makers, at the sectoral, national, and European levels. While their impacts are separately treated in this analysis, the green and digital transitions can further exacerbate labour shortages given the skill profiles required by related occupations." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Logistics platforms’ ‘new’ mode of appropriation?: An analysis of four trends from inside Germany’s Q-commerce sector (2025)
Parfitt, Harry; Çelik, Ercüment;Zitatform
Parfitt, Harry & Ercüment Çelik (2025): Logistics platforms’ ‘new’ mode of appropriation? An analysis of four trends from inside Germany’s Q-commerce sector. In: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation, Jg. 19, H. 2, S. 261-277. DOI:10.13169/workorgalaboglob.19.2.0009
Abstract
"This article investigates the ‘newness’ of platformized logistics labor through an ethnographic study of a Q-Commerce platform – ‘Smart Groceries’ – in Germany. Because conditions at ‘Smart Groceries’ seemed comparatively good, the authors were forced to question the centrality of ‘gigification’ to platform logistics labor. The article draws on participant observation and 16 in-depth interviews with workers and suggests that logistics platforms’ ‘new’ mode of harnessing labor to capital represents an intertwining of four trends: algorithmic management, flexibilization, the ‘explosion’ of the factory and the incorporation of migrant labor. These trends foster alienation, precarity, fragmentation and exploitation, respectively." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the delicate relation between technological innovations and work quality: A study among civil servants (2025)
Zitatform
Peeters, Maria C. W., Jan Fekke Ybema, Pascale M. Le Blanc & Judith Plomp (2025): Exploring the delicate relation between technological innovations and work quality: A study among civil servants. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 46, H. 3, S. 851-873. DOI:10.1177/0143831x251347151
Abstract
"This study explores the delicate relation between technological innovations and work quality. It was conducted across various parts of the Dutch central government. The authors assessed how civil servants perceive changes in job demands, job resources and some relevant outcomes following the implementation of new technologies. Data were collected through an online Technology Monitor (TM) which was (at least partly) completed by 332 respondents. Results showed that employees perceived significant increases in various job demands, alongside a modest increase in the job resource autonomy after technology implementation. Additionally, civil servants who experienced more autonomy following new technology implementation reported higher levels of both work engagement and employability. In contrast, perceptions of increased workload were associated with more burnout symptoms. Interestingly, perceived increases in task variation were associated with fewer burnout symptoms, lower job insecurity and higher work engagement. These findings offer valuable insights for managers and HR professionals involved in managing technological transitions, emphasizing the importance of employee-centered strategies to safeguard and enhance the quality of work of civil servants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe: Evidence from Spain and Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Pesole, Annarosa (2025): Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe: Evidence from Spain and Germany. In: The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 68, H. 2, S. 367-394. DOI:10.1007/s41027-024-00544-y
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of digital tools and algorithmic management on work organisation and working conditions, with a focus on the growing platformisation of work. The research focuses on three main aspects: the use of digital devices and platforms, the collection and processing of data by these platforms, and the role of algorithms in managing labour activities. Drawing on data from the AMPWork survey conducted in Spain and Germany, the analysis explores the prevalence and effects of digital monitoring and algorithmic management within traditional and platform work settings. Findings highlight the significant diffusion of digital tools and reveal that over two-thirds of workers use such technologies in their tasks. However, the extent of platformisation varies by occupation, sector, and digital tool usage. The findings reveal that a significant number of workers now rely on digital devices in their daily tasks, with digital monitoring and algorithmic management prevalent across various work environments. The survey highlights higher levels of platformisation among clerks and operators in high-tech industries, knowledge-intensive services, and public administration. Additionally, remote workers or those operating outside traditional employer premises are more likely to experience platformisation. While the use of platforms can lead to more structured and efficient work procedures, it also introduces challenges, such as increased monotony and stress, suggesting a complex relationship between platformisation and job satisfaction. This study underscores the transformative impact of platformisation on the nature of work, calling attention to the need for further research and policy consideration. The findings emphasise the importance of addressing the implications of digital labour platforms and algorithmic management for job quality, economic value, and the evolving landscape of employment in the digital era. Indeed, the study confirms that the integration of algorithmic management and surveillance technologies in the workplace poses significant risks to workers’ privacy, datarights, freedom of association, and overall well-being. These practices can erode working conditions and harm mental and physical health. Addressing these issues requires strict regulation of intrusive surveillance and the development of a comprehensive policy framework for algorithmic management and digital monitoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Benign effects of technological change on the labour share: evidence from European regions (2025)
Zitatform
Pialli, Guido (2025): Benign effects of technological change on the labour share: evidence from European regions. In: Cambridge Journal of Economics, Jg. 49, H. 4, S. 795-824. DOI:10.1093/cje/beaf021
Abstract
"The labor share across European regions has shown significant variation since the late 1990s. This paper explores the role of technological change in explaining this regional variation. Specifically, this paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that the recent shift in technological change is labor-intensive, driven by a localized, bottom-up process that exploits the skills and learning processes of the workforce. The empirical analysis, using data from 171 European regions over the period 1999–2015, supports the theoretical framework, showing that technological change has a positive and economically significant impact on the labor share." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Opportunities of AI within PES processes and services: PES Network Report exploring PES experiences, best practices and emerging business value (2025)
Pieterson, Willem;Zitatform
Pieterson, Willem (2025): Opportunities of AI within PES processes and services. PES Network Report exploring PES experiences, best practices and emerging business value. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union, 67 S. DOI:10.2767/84293
Abstract
"Artificial intelligence (AI), as a branch of advanced data analytics, is a rapidly evolving field. The release of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in 2022 and the many tools and applications using Generative AI (GenAI) highlight new possibilities. Many governments and public sector agencies are interested in how AI can transform their processes and client services – Public Employment Services (PES) are no exception. An Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) study in 2022 suggests that most PES are now showing concrete interest in adopting AI: nearly 40% of PES are looking into AI tools or tools using other types of advanced analytics (AA) to support jobseeker profiling, while more than 40% see the potential of AI for job matching or career services, such as identifying skill gaps. (…) This report compiles a more complete overview of existing and planned AI practices across European PES. It analyses their outcomes, the challenges PES face, and the context in which these developments take place." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are artificial intelligence skills a reward or a gamble? Deconstructing the AI wage premium in Europe (2025)
Zitatform
Pouliakas, Konstantinos, Giulia Santangelo & Paul Dupire (2025): Are artificial intelligence skills a reward or a gamble? Deconstructing the AI wage premium in Europe. In: Eurasian business review, Jg. 15, H. 4, S. 1091-1128. DOI:10.1007/s40821-025-00302-0
Abstract
"Understanding the labor market impact of new, autonomous digital technologies, particularly generative or other forms of artificial intelligence (AI), is currently at the top of the research and policy agenda. Many initial studies, though not all, have shown that there is a wage premium to mostly technical AI skills in labor markets. Such evidence tends to draw on data from web-based sources and typically fails to provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the AI wage gap. This paper utilizes representative adult workforce data from 29 European countries, the second European skills and jobs survey, to examine wage differentials of the AI programmer workforce. The latter is uniquely identified as part of the workforce that writes computer programs using AI algorithms. The analysis shows that, on average, AI programmers enjoy a significant wage premium relative to a comparably educated or skilled workforce, such as programmers who do not yet write code using AI at work. Wage decomposition analysis further illustrates that there is a large unexplained component of such wage differential. Part of AI programmers’ larger wage variability can however be attributed to higher job-skill requirements, a propensity for remote work and a greater performance-based component in wage schedules. This indicates differences in the job design and performance management of the AI workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technostress and work-family interface in the face of COVID-19-related remote work: the moderator role of goals setting and prioritization skills (2025)
Zitatform
Procentese, Fortuna, Flora Gatti & Emiliano Ceglie (2025): Technostress and work-family interface in the face of COVID-19-related remote work: the moderator role of goals setting and prioritization skills. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 272-290. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2023.2247147
Abstract
"During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Italy, a nationwide lockdown required a massive shift to remote work – that is, from workers’ houses. The risk of conflict between work and family domains increased due to the collapse of both into private houses and may have been further burdened due to no training being issued to help workers adjust to these changes in their work activities, producing higher rates of technostress. This study deepens the impact of technostress creators on the conflicts between work and family domains and the role of workers’ goal setting and prioritization skills as moderators easing these relationships. Data were gathered from 375 remote workers during the Italian nationwide lockdown using an online questionnaire. Results show that higher scores in technostress creators positively associate with both work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts and the former relationship becomes stronger as workers’ planning skills increase. They highlight the need to consider the pitfalls of remote work, as it can also have detrimental effects on workers’ family and relational life, and to find a better balance between work and family domains from a systemic perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational Autonomy and Wage Divergence: Evidence From European Survey Data (2025)
Zitatform
Rabensteiner, Thomas & Alexander Guschanski (2025): Occupational Autonomy and Wage Divergence: Evidence From European Survey Data. In: BJIR, Jg. 63, H. 4, S. 696-713. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70003
Abstract
"Wages across occupations in Western Europe have diverged, resulting in increased wage inequality. However, existing theories such as routine-biased technological change (RBTC) or task offshoring fail to explain this trend. We propose a new explanation based on occupational autonomy. Autonomy measures workers' control and influence over their work process based on the tasks required in an occupation. Analysing individual-level data from the EU Survey of Income and Living Conditions, we reveal a rising autonomy wage premium, that is, higher wage growth for occupations with higher autonomy, which accurately predicts the observed occupational wage divergence. We also find that the autonomy premium increases more rapidly in countries and industries with greater employee monitoring and outsourcing, as well as in countries with declining minimum wages. These findings imply that low-autonomy occupations have been disadvantaged by recent socioeconomic trends that have altered power relations in the workplace. Notably, our analysis does not support previous explanations for occupational wage trends based on RBTC or task offshoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Hybridisierung von menschlichen und technischen Arbeitsleistungen mit Künstlicher Intelligenz als neuer Leittechnologie: Entwicklungen, Implikationen und Potenziale für menschengerechte Arbeit (2025)
Rehmer, Sabine; Juds, Maike; Fellmann, Michael; Menzel, Maren; Muehlan, Holger ; Röcker, Carsten; Dhiman, Hitesh;Zitatform
Rehmer, Sabine, Holger Muehlan, Maren Menzel, Maike Juds, Michael Fellmann, Hitesh Dhiman & Carsten Röcker (2025): Die Hybridisierung von menschlichen und technischen Arbeitsleistungen mit Künstlicher Intelligenz als neuer Leittechnologie: Entwicklungen, Implikationen und Potenziale für menschengerechte Arbeit. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 4, S. 525-533. DOI:10.1007/s41449-025-00489-y
Abstract
"Der Artikel untersucht die Hybridisierung menschlicher und technischer Arbeitsleistungen im Kontext Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) als neuer Leittechnologie und analysiert ihre Entwicklungen, Implikationen und Potenziale für eine menschengerechte Arbeitsgestaltung. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass KI zunehmend kognitive Tätigkeiten transformiert, wird mit dem Konzept des „Hybrid Man“ ein neues Menschenbild skizziert, das die enge Verschränkung von menschlicher und maschineller Intelligenz beschreibt. Damit einher gehen tiefgreifende Herausforderungen: Die Grenzen zwischen menschlicher und technischer Leistung verschwimmen, Verantwortungsfragen und rechtliche Unsicherheiten entstehen, während zugleich neue Anforderungen an Kompetenzen wie „AI Literacy“ sichtbar werden. Ebenso rücken Fragen nach Transparenz, Erklärbarkeit und Akzeptanz von KI-Systemen in den Vordergrund, die für Vertrauen und nachhaltige Integration entscheidend sind. Neben den Chancen zur Entlastung und Erweiterung menschlicher Fähigkeiten birgt die Hybridisierung Risiken wie Überwachungsdruck, Anpassungsstress und negative psychische Beanspruchungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund schlägt der Artikel mit dem Konzept des eudaimonischen Wohlbefindens („Eudaimonia“) ein normatives Kriterium für die Gestaltung zukünftiger Arbeit vor, das Wachstum, Sinnhaftigkeit, Authentizität und Exzellenz fördert. Ziel ist eine interdisziplinär fundierte, menschengerechte Arbeitswelt, die die Potenziale von KI nutzbar macht, ohne die psychische Gesundheit, Selbstwirksamkeit und Würde der Beschäftigten zu gefährden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
European regional employment and exposure to labour-saving technical change: results from a direct text similarity measure (2025)
Zitatform
Riccio, Federico, Jacopo Staccioli & Maria Enrica Virgillito (2025): European regional employment and exposure to labour-saving technical change: results from a direct text similarity measure. (LEM working paper series / Laboratory of Economics and Management 2025/19), Pisa, 34 S. DOI:10.57838/sssa/02jp-b197
Abstract
"Does labor-saving technological change pose a threat to European employment, and if so, to what extent? This study investigates the degree of employment exposure to labor-saving technological change across NUTS-2 regions in Europe. We construct a cross-walked metric between the SOC and ISCO classification systems to adapt the direct measure of occupational exposure developed by Montobbio et al. (2024) for the US economy and apply it to the European context. This methodology enables us to generate detailed insights into the exposure of European occupations by leveraging the similarity rankings between technological classifications in the USPTO (CPCs) and task descriptions. To evaluate the transmission from occupational exposure to employment outcomes, we utilise data from the European Structure of Earnings Survey (EU-SES), thereby constructing exposure indices at both sectoral and regional levels. Finally, we examine the industrial and geographical diffusion of labor-saving technological change in recent years and provide robust econometric evidence indicating that low-wage regions, as well as deindustrialising areas heavily integrated into global value chains, are disproportionately vulnerable to the threat of substitution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of a decade of digital transformation on employment, wages, and inequality in the EU: a “conveyor belt” hypothesis (2025)
Richiardi, Matteo Guido ; Pelizzari, Lorenzo; Westhoff, Leonie ; Astarita, Caterina ; Khabirpour, Neysan; Fenwick, Clare; Ernst, Ekkehard ;Zitatform
Richiardi, Matteo Guido, Leonie Westhoff, Caterina Astarita, Ekkehard Ernst, Clare Fenwick, Neysan Khabirpour & Lorenzo Pelizzari (2025): The impact of a decade of digital transformation on employment, wages, and inequality in the EU: a “conveyor belt” hypothesis. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 1225-1251. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf011
Abstract
"We study the effects of digital transformation in the European Union on individual employment outcomes, wage growth, and income inequality, during the decade 2010–9. Our results allow us to formulate a ‘conveyor-belt’ hypothesis suggesting that employment confers a competitive advantage in navigating the digital transition due to the accumulation of pertinent skills in the workplace. Because digital skills are acquired with the changing demands of the job, their initial endowment matters less for the employed than for the non-employed. Furthermore, the ability of out-of-work individuals with higher digital skills to jump back on the labour market is reduced for those with higher education, suggesting a faster depreciation of their digital skills. A similar effect, although of limited size, is found for earning growth: out-of-work individuals with higher digital skills are not only more likely to find a job, but experience higher earnings growth, compared to their peers with lower digital skills. Our results point to a vulnerability of workers ‘left behind’ from the digital transformation and the labour market. The overall effects on inequality are, however, limited." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen