Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Das Themendossier "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Mit dem Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Gender gaps across countries and skills: supply, demand and the industry structure (2011)
Olivetti, Claudia; Petrongolo, Barbara;Zitatform
Olivetti, Claudia & Barbara Petrongolo (2011): Gender gaps across countries and skills. Supply, demand and the industry structure. (CEP discussion paper 1093), London, 42 S.
Abstract
"The gender wage gap varies widely across countries and across skill groups within countries. Interestingly, there is a positive cross-country correlation between the unskilled-to-skilled gender wage gap and the corresponding gap in hours worked. Based on a canonical supply and demand framework, this positive correlation would reveal the presence of net demand forces shaping gender differences in labor market outcomes across skills and countries. We use a simple multi-sector framework to illustrate how differences in labor demand for different inputs can be driven by both within-industry and between-industry factors. The main idea is that, if the service sector is more developed in the US than in continental Europe, and unskilled women tend to be over-represented in this sector, we expect unskilled women to suffer a relatively large wage and/or employment penalty in the latter than in the former. We find that, overall, the between-industry component of labor demand explains more than half of the total variation in labor demand between the US and the majority of countries in our sample, as well as one-third of the correlation between wage and hours gaps. The between-industry component is relatively more important in countries where the relative demand for unskilled females is lowest." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Multiple glass ceilings (2011)
Zitatform
Russo, Giovanni & Wolter Hassink (2011): Multiple glass ceilings. (IZA discussion paper 5828), Bonn, 26 S.
Abstract
"Both vertical (between job levels) and horizontal (within job levels) mobility can be sources of wage growth. We find that the glass ceiling operates at both margins. The unexplained part of the wage gap grows across job levels (glass ceiling at the vertical margin) and across the deciles of the intra-job-level wage distribution (glass ceiling at the horizontal margin). This implies that women face many glass ceilings, one for each job level above the second, and that the glass ceiling is a pervasive phenomenon. In the Netherlands it affects about 88% of jobs, and 81% of Dutch women in employment work in job levels where a glass ceiling is present." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
An empirical model of collective household labour supply with non-participation (2010)
Zitatform
Bloemen, Hans G. (2010): An empirical model of collective household labour supply with non-participation. In: The economic journal, Jg. 120, H. 543, S. 183-214. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02292.x
Abstract
"I present a structural empirical model of collective household labour supply that includes the non-participation decision. I specify a simultaneous model for hours, participation and wages of husband and wife. I discuss the problems of identification and statistical coherency that arise in the application of the collective household labour supply model. The model includes random effects and it is estimated using a panel data set of Dutch couples. The estimates allow me to check the underlying regularity conditions on individual preferences and to obtain estimates of the sharing rule that governs the division of household income between husband and wife." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Maternity and labour market outcome: short and long term effects (2010)
Zitatform
Brugiavini, Agar, Giacomo Pasini & Elisabetta Trevisan (2010): Maternity and labour market outcome. Short and long term effects. (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 222), Mannheim, 12 S.
Abstract
"The aim of this paper is to till this gap by analyzing the long term effects of childbearing, i.e. the effect of motherhood on pension income at retirement, given the labour market participation of women at childbirth. Since labour market attachment is higher for younger generations, it is relevant for policy makers to Look at the behaviour of women who want to work excluding those who plan a 'family-life' (see also Lyberaki et al. in chapter 12 of this volume). SHARELIFE is particularly suitable for this analysis since it contains complete life time histories, including all the employment and maternity episodes experienced by European women currently aged 50 and over. Moreover, details on maternity leave provisions and other institutional features of the SHARE countries are collected and provided together with the survey data. These institutional features allow us to investigate if and how the presence of maternity benefits affects the labour market participation decisions of women after childbirth and, consequently, the impact of pension income at retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Towards the universal care course model: care policies and employment patterns in Austria, The Netherlands and Sweden (2010)
Zitatform
Haas, Barbara & Margit Hartel (2010): Towards the universal care course model. Care policies and employment patterns in Austria, The Netherlands and Sweden. In: European Societies, Jg. 12, H. 2, S. 139-162. DOI:10.1080/14616690902874705
Abstract
"The principle aim is to analyse care policies and mothers' employment patterns in Austria in comparison with The Netherlands and Sweden. While Sweden fosters a Universal Breadwinner Model, Austrian policies set incentives for mothers to organize private care for their children for a relatively long period of time, similar to the Caregiver Parity model. The Netherlands, approaching the Universal Caregiver model, support part-time integration into the labour market, combined with private part-time caring facilities for the children. The cross-national comparative approach has been adopted throughout the description of care policies and the data analysis, using the European Social Survey. Drawing on the strong cross-national differences in policies and employment patterns, we outline the main principles of a Universal Care Course (UCC). The model addresses questions about how to achieve the ideal of a smooth transition between work and care in a gender-sensitive way." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A-typical work patterns of women in Europe: what can we learn from SHARELIFE? (2010)
Zitatform
Lyberaki, Antigone, Platon Tinios & George Papadoudis (2010): A-typical work patterns of women in Europe. What can we learn from SHARELIFE? (Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging. Discussion paper 221), Mannheim, 16 S.
Abstract
"The second half of the twentieth century was a time of rapid social transformation. Nowhere were the changes more radical than in women's participation in society and work. Women increasingly claimed a fuller and more active position in all societal functions. Though all parts of Europe and all social strata were affected, this process was unevenly distributed over time and space and driven by a variety of influences. Such influences could have been structural changes in production, transformations in the function of the family and last, but not least, attitudes in what woman's position ought to be, as reflected in shifts of policy priorities. This period of rapid change corresponds to the lifetime of individuals in the SHARE survey. When today's 50+ population were young girls, the world they were entering was very difficult from today. The long term social changes correspond to lived experience of women in the SHARE sample. The women in SHARE were witnesses to the foundation, flowering and restructuring of the Welfare State. Social policy stances towards maternity and family polices as well as labour market institutions were defining fissures between certain forms of the so-called 'European Social Model'. This paper begins exploring how these factors - labour and social policy transformation - were reflected in the lives of women in the SHARELIFE sample." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Diversity in work: the heterogeneity of women's employment patterns (2010)
Zitatform
Yerkes, Mara (2010): Diversity in work. The heterogeneity of women's employment patterns. In: Gender, Work and Organization, Jg. 17, H. 6, S. 696-720. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00462.x
Abstract
"Employment patterns are gender-driven, yet analyses of women's employment have yet to explain this diversity across time. This article examines the variation in women's employment patterns across time and across countries. It focuses on the effects of individual differences in educational level, marital status and motherhood in The Netherlands, Germany and the UK across four birth cohorts for the period 1992 - 2002. The results from a quantitative study using panel data confirm the diversity in women's employment. At the same time, cross-country variation is evident. While the results of this study confirm the diversity evident in women's employment patterns, they also attempt to explain the nature of this diversity. The analyses presented in this article demonstrate that the diversity in women's employment is persistent, yet dynamic. Furthermore, the diversity in employment is clearly marked by the division between parental and non-parental employment, which has important implications for our theoretical understanding of women's employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Analyzing female labor supply: evidence from a Dutch tax reform (2009)
Zitatform
Bosch, Nicole & Bas van der Klaauw (2009): Analyzing female labor supply. Evidence from a Dutch tax reform. (IZA discussion paper 4238), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"Among OECD countries, the Netherlands has average female labor force participation, but by far the highest rate of part-time work. This paper investigates the extent to which married women respond to financial incentives. We exploit the exogenous variation caused by a substantial Dutch tax reform in 2001. Our main conclusion is that the positive significant effect of tax reform on labor force participation dominates the negative insignificant effect on working hours. Our preferred explanation is that women respond more to changes in tax allowances than to changes in marginal tax rates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
In search of gender differences in access to continuing training: is there a gender training gap and if yes, why? (2009)
Zitatform
Dieckhoff, Martina & Nadia Steiber (2009): In search of gender differences in access to continuing training. Is there a gender training gap and if yes, why? (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Discussion papers SP 1 2009-504), Berlin, 35 S.
Abstract
"Geschlechterunterschiede im Zugang zu beruflicher Weiterbildung gelten weiterhin als wichtige Ursache weiter bestehender Ungleichheiten zwischen den Geschlechtern in Bezug auf deren Chancen am Arbeitsmarkt und deren beruflichen Erfolg. Allerdings schaffen empirische Studien bis dato keine Klarheit darüber, ob bzw. welche Geschlechterunterschiede im Weiterbildungsverhalten tatsächlich bestehen. Die vorliegende Analyse untersucht, auf Basis harmonisierter Survey-Daten des European Social Survey 2004, berufsbezogene Weiterbildungsaktivitäten in Europa und testet eine Reihe von mikroökonomischen und soziologischen Theorien (z.B. Humankapitaltheorie, Geschlechtersegregation am Arbeitsmarkt, Diskriminierung durch den Arbeitgeber etc.), die häufig zur Erklärung von Geschlechterunterschieden in der Teilnahme an Weiterbildung herangezogen werden. Der Beitrag untersucht die Mechanismen, die einem potenziell geschlechtsspezifischen Teilnahmeverhalten an beruflicher Weiterbildung zugrunde liegen. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass männliche Arbeitnehmer, ceteris paribus, häufiger an berufsbezogener Weiterbildung teilnehmen als weibliche Arbeitnehmer. Als Fazit kann festgestellt werden, dass die vorherrschenden theoretischen Ansätze mehr Erklärungskraft für das Weiterbildungsverhalten von Männern als für jenes von Frauen haben. Vor allem in Bezug auf weibliches Weiterbildungsverhalten bei Präsenz von Betreuungspflichten für kleine Kinder zeigen sich vorherrschende Erklärungsmodelle als wenig valid." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Is gender inequality greater at lower or higher educational levels?: Common patterns in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States (2009)
Evertsson, Marie ; Cotter, David; England, Paula ; de Bruijn, Jeanne; Hermsen, Joan; Mooi-Reci, Irma ;Zitatform
Evertsson, Marie, Paula England, Irma Mooi-Reci, Joan Hermsen, Jeanne de Bruijn & David Cotter (2009): Is gender inequality greater at lower or higher educational levels? Common patterns in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. In: Social Politics, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 210-241. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxp008
Abstract
"We compare how gender inequality varies by educational level in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States, representing three different welfare regimes: the conservative, the social democratic, and the liberal. With few exceptions, gender inequality in labor force participation, work hours, occupational segregation, and housework are less severe as education goes up in all three countries, with the root cause being the high employment levels of well-educated women. Despite a common pattern across nations, we note that the educational gradient on gender equality in employment is weaker in Sweden. De-familialization policies in Sweden no doubt increase gender equality at the bottom by pulling less-educated women into the work force. One form of gender equality, wages, however, does not increase with education. In the United States, educational differences in the gender gap in wages are trivial; in Sweden and the Netherlands, the gender wage gap is greatest for the highly educated because of higher returns to education for men than women in these nations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market: scarring for the wage career? (2009)
Zitatform
Fouarge, Didier & Ruud Muffels (2009): Working part-time in the British, German and Dutch labour market. Scarring for the wage career? In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 129, H. 2, S. 217-226. DOI:10.3790/schm.129.2.217
Abstract
"The paper studies the long-term effect of part-time employment on the wage career using panel data for three countries. The main idea is to study the possible 'scarring' effects of part-time employment on future hourly wages up to ten years later in the career. Fixed effects panel wage regressions show the existence of a part-time wage penalty for females in all three countries and for males in the UK. Longer durations of part-time result in stronger negative wage effects. In the UK, a negative effect of past part-time employment is also found to persist even after a lasting transition to a fulltime job. The fact that the effect of part-time on wage is larger in the UK suggests that wage penalties, contrary to what could be expected, are smaller in regulated labour markets with a specific skills regime." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Childcare and labor force participation in the Netherlands: the importance of attitudes and opinions (2009)
Zitatform
Gameren, Edwin van & Ingrid Ooms (2009): Childcare and labor force participation in the Netherlands. The importance of attitudes and opinions. In: Review of Economics of the Household, Jg. 7, H. 4, S. 395-421. DOI:10.1007/s11150-009-9062-9
Abstract
"We analyze the joint decision of participating in the labor force and using paid childcare made by mothers in two-parent households with pre-school age children in the Netherlands. Both the choice to use paid childcare and the number of hours taken up are analyzed. The data, collected in 2004, contains information on economic factors and on attitudes and opinions on childcare and labor. While acknowledging potential endogenous selection effects and bidirectional causality implying problems of endogeneity with the attitudes and opinions, our results show that, in addition to economic factors, attitudes and opinions are important when explaining the decision to participate in the labor force and to use paid childcare services, but they are less important when it comes to the decision on the number of hours childcare is taken up." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Towards a framework for assessing family policies in the EU (2009)
Zitatform
Lohmann, Henning, Frauke H. Peter, Tine Rostgaard & Stephen P. Jenkins (2009): Towards a framework for assessing family policies in the EU. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 88), Paris, 94 S. DOI:10.1787/223883627348
Abstract
"This report presents the results of a first attempt to create a framework for assessing the performance of national family policies. The report is part of a joint EU and OECD project, which aims to help the EU Government Expert Group on Demographic Issues in evaluating national family policies. The idea behind the framework is that it allows individual countries to compare their overall performance in the area of family policies with the performance of other countries. The main focus of the report is policies for families with smaller children. The framework provides a set of cross-nationally comparable indicators on contexts, policy measures, and outcomes, organised on a systematic basis. The policy measure indicators presented in the report cover leave schemes, early childhood education and care, family benefits and workplace policies. The indicators build upon, interalia, previous work by the OECD in various studies on family-friendly policies that were carried out on a cross-national basis using different sets of indicators. Most of these indicators are today available in the OECD Family Database. Wherever the OECD Family Database contains indicators for the majority of EU member states and OECD countries, these data have been used in the present study. Otherwise, data from other cross-national databases have been included. Each indicator in the framework is presented as a single-standing indicator in the general absence of scientific consensus on different aggregation weights. In the report no explicit ranking of countries has been attempted, instead the relative position of countries has been illustrated with the help of standard deviation scores. In the last part of the report the linkages between policy aims and the various context, outcome and policy measures are indicated, which help construct 'score cards'. This 'score card-approach' is illustrated for three countries: Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. The report offers tools for assessment that may be developed further, and should offer an approach to using the OECD Family Database, acknowledging this unique data source for cross-country comparisons in the field of family policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Between success and disappointment: gender equality policies in an enlarged Europe (2008)
Baer, Susanne; Hoheisel, Miriam;Zitatform
Baer, Susanne & Miriam Hoheisel (Hrsg.) (2008): Between success and disappointment. Gender equality policies in an enlarged Europe. (Gender kompetent. Beiträge aus dem GenderKompetenzZentrum 04), Bielefeld: Kleine, 301 S.
Abstract
"Success as well as shattered illusions characterise the experience of European countries in implementing gender equality policies. With the new gender equality acquis, mandatory for all Member States, the European Union (EU) sets a strong incentive for de jure progress. Yet the European influence on the administrative, political and social practice of gender equality is rather weak - particularly in the Eastern European Member States. Reports from eleven Member States describe the problems, but also note the opportunities and challenges that any country implementing gender equality policies has to face.
Susanne Baer and Miriam Hoheisel examine the impact of the EU on gender equality policies and of the transition from socialism to capitalism on gender equality. In part one of this volume Petra Schott provides an overview of the EU's gender equality acquis. Henriette Meseke points out how European structural policy promotes gender equality policies.
In part two gender experts from western Europe reflect on experiences with Gender Mainstreaming (GM). The Dutch expert Mieke Verloo emphasises the importance of political framing. Considering the evaluation of the Danish GM process, Karen Sjorup attests that gender equality has not yet arrived in the mainstream of hegemonic discourse. Describing GM at the Danish Ministry of Employment, Agnete Andersen gives an example for its implementation. Claudia Sorger states for Austria that progress has been made in the creation of institutional structures but that GM is not yet firmly anchored in what constitutes everyday work. Elizabeth Villagomez concentrates on GM implementation in a decentralised country in her article on Spain.
Part three shows how accession to the EU boosted the establishment of a legal foundation for gender equality. Dalia Marcinkeviciene and Vanda Jurseniene point out how the EU has impacted positively on law in Lithuania. Mara Kuhl provides insights into the implementation process of GM in Estonia. For Poland, Kinga Lohmann adds the perspective of women's organisations. Petr Pavlik states for the Czech Republic that the EU equality acquis has led to progress in the field of gender equality, but had only little impact on real life. For Bulgaria Lazar Lazarov highlights the national activities for improving women's position in the labour market. Analysing the social and economic situation in Bulgaria, Regina Barendt criticises unsatisfactory implementation of gender equality policies into national policies. Vlasta Jalusic, Roman Kuhar and Ana Frank emphasise lines of tradition in gender equality in Slovenia.
In part four Silke Steinhilber concludes with a reasoned critique of current developments and discusses further challenges. An appendix provides further information on the socioeconomic situation of women and men in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Activation policies from a gender-sensible citizenship perspective: a tentative analytical framework (2008)
Betzelt, Sigrid;Zitatform
Betzelt, Sigrid (2008): Activation policies from a gender-sensible citizenship perspective. A tentative analytical framework. (ZeS-Arbeitspapier 2008/03), Bremen, 35 S.
Abstract
"Das Papier entwickelt einen vorläufigen Analyserahmen für den systematischen Vergleich unterschiedlicher Typen von Aktivierungspolitiken im Hinblick auf ihre Implikationen für das Wohlfahrtsdreieck zwischen Staat-Markt-Familie und Geschlechterungleichheiten. Ausgangspunkt ist die Erkenntnis, dass das inzwischen universell gültige arbeitsmarktpolitische 'Aktivierungsparadigma', d. h. die (Re-)Kommodifizierung aller erwerbsfähigen Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die Wohlfahrtsproduktion der Familie insofern betrifft als es mit der vor allem von Frauen unbezahlt geleisteten Sorgearbeit für Angehörige kollidiert. Auf dem theoretischen Hintergrund sozialer BürgerInnenrechte wird angenommen, dass diese unbezahlte Sorgearbeit weder vollständig kommodifiziert und de-familialisiert werden kann, noch dass dies gesellschaftlich wünschenswert ist. Vielmehr bedeutet die Idee einer 'inklusiven sozialen Staatsbürgerschaft' wie sie in der feministischen Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung entwickelt wurde, dass sie sowohl Erwerbs- als auch Sorgeverantwortung aller Bürger und Bürgerinnen als Basis für Anerkennung und Subsistenzrechte einschließt. Ausgehend von diesem dem Aktivierungsparadigma inhärenten Spannungsverhältnis werden zwei zentrale Forschungsfragen formuliert: Erstens, wie beantworten die unterschiedlichen Ländervarianten von Aktivierungspolitik dieses Spannungsverhältnis und welche Interdependenzen bestehen zwischen Wohlfahrts- und Gender-Regimen und dem spezifischen Aktivierungstyp? Zweitens, was sind die Ergebnisse dieses Zusammenspiels im Hinblick auf soziale Ungleichheiten besonders von Geschlecht und Klasse und hinsichtlich der Idee sozial inklusiver Staatsbürgerschaft? Um diese Fragen für die vergleichende Forschung zu operationalisieren, wird ein vorläufiger Analyserahmen vorgeschlagen, der sieben relevante Dimensionen und entsprechende Indikatoren für deren Messung und Bewertung enthält. Dieses Analyseinstrument wurde für eine Fallstudie deutscher Aktivierungspolitik angewendet, deren zentrale Befunde im Licht vergleichender Forschung diskutiert werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Market work and motherhood decisions in contexts (2008)
Zitatform
Del Boca, Daniela, Silvia Pasqua & Chiara Pronzato (2008): Market work and motherhood decisions in contexts. (IZA discussion paper 3303), Bonn, 28 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, we explore the impact of social policies and labour market characteristics on women's decisions regarding work and childbearing, using data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). We estimate the two decisions jointly and, in addition to personal characteristics, include variables related to the childcare system, parental leave arrangements, family allowances, and labour market flexibility. Our empirical results show that a non-negligible portion of the differences in participation and fertility rates for women from different European countries can be attributed to the characteristics of these institutions, and that the environmental effects vary by educational level. While labour market arrangements, such as part-time opportunities (when well-paid and protected), have a larger impact on the outcomes of women with higher educational levels, childcare and optional parental leaves have a larger impact on the fertility and participation decisions of women at lower educational levels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender equity and fertility intentions in Italy and the Netherlands (2008)
Zitatform
Mencarini, Letizia, Katia Begall, Melinda Mills & Maria Letizia Tanturri (2008): Gender equity and fertility intentions in Italy and the Netherlands. In: Demographic Research, Jg. 18, S. 1-26. DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2008.18.1
Abstract
"Fertility levels have fallen drastically in most industrialized countries. Diverse theoretical and empirical frameworks have had difficulty in explaining these unprecedented low levels of fertility. More recently, however, attention has turned from classic explanations, such as women's increased labour market participation, to gender equity as the essential link to understand this phenomenon. The increase in women's labour market participation did not prompt an increase in men's domestic duties, which is often referred to women's 'dual burden' or 'second shift'. Institutions and policies within countries also facilitate or constrain the combination of women's employment with fertility. This paper provides an empirical test of gender equity theory by examining whether the unequal division of household labour leads to lower fertility intentions of women in different institutional contexts. Italy constitutes a case of high gender inequity, low female labour market participation and the lowest-low fertility. The Netherlands has moderate to low gender inequity, high part-time female labour market participation and comparatively higher fertility. Using data from the 2003 Italian Multipurpose Survey - Family and Social Actors and the 2004/5 Dutch sample from the European Social Survey, a series of logistic regression models test this theory. A central finding is that the unequal division of household labour only has a significant impact on women's fertility intentions when they already carry the load of high paid work hours or children, a finding that is particularly significant for working women in Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
International review of leave policies and related research 2008 (2008)
Moss, Peter; Korintus, Marta;Zitatform
Moss, Peter & Marta Korintus (Hrsg.) (2008): International review of leave policies and related research 2008. (Employment relations research series 100), London, 383 S.
Abstract
"This report is about leave entitlements, mainly for workers with dependant children. As the report shows, working parents today in most countries are entitled to a range of different types of leave, going under a variety of different names. Moreover, in a number of countries the distinction between types of leave is increasingly blurred. This report is produced by an international network on leave policy and research, consisting of over 40 experts from 24 countries, mostly in Europe. The network covers policies for parents and others with care responsibilities, including for adult relatives, as well as policies available to the whole population such as life course career breaks and time accounts. But initially, priority is being given to leave policies focused on the care of children. Among the purposes of this network are: the exchange of information about policies, both in individual countries and by international organisations, and research on leave policies; the provision of a forum for the cross-national discussion of issues and trends in policy and research; and providing a source of regularly updated information on policies and research, including:
- the three-year leave period: too long or not?
- employers' perspectives and involvement and
- policies to increase fathers' use of leave." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Effects of job features on domestic outsourcing as a strategy for combining paid and domestic work (2007)
Zitatform
De Ruijter, Esther & Tanja van der Lippe (2007): Effects of job features on domestic outsourcing as a strategy for combining paid and domestic work. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 205-230. DOI:10.1177/0730888406296510
Abstract
"This article examines the influence of job features on domestic outsourcing. The central hypothesis is that households use outsourcing more often if the partners are less available for domestic chores and caregiving because of job demands. Analyses of data on 795 Dutch couples show that if they work longer hours, there is more of a demand for the outsourcing of female tasks. Flexible availability resulting from autonomy and working at home facilitates the use of outsourcing alternatives. Working at home by women reduces the amount of formal child care; however, for men it increases the outsourcing of child care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequalities within couples: market incomes and the role of taxes and benefits in Europe (2007)
Zitatform
Figari, Francesco, Herwig Immervoll, Horacio Levy & Holly Sutherland (2007): Inequalities within couples. Market incomes and the role of taxes and benefits in Europe. (IZA discussion paper 3201), Bonn, 41 S.
Abstract
"In spite of there being few elements of tax or cash benefit systems in developed countries that are any longer explicitly gender-biased in a discriminatory sense, it is well recognised that they have significant gender effects. To the extent that women earn less than men on average under tax-benefit systems that are progressive, there is some redistribution from men to women overall. However, an aggregate perspective is insufficient for understanding how earning opportunities and public policies affect living arrangements at the family level in general and the circumstances of men and women in particular. Arguably, it is within the household that a gendered division of labour is most relevant. It is difficult to observe how income and other resources get allocated within households. We can, however, observe the incomes brought into the household and to what extent taxes and benefits mitigate (or indeed exacerbate) any inequality of income between men and women. We explore the effects of tax and benefit systems on differences in income and in incentives to earn income between men and women within couples in a selection of the member countries of the European Union (EU) using EUROMOD, the EU tax-benefit microsimulation model. This comparative perspective allows us to establish the relative effects of different policy regimes, given the underlying characteristics of each national population, using a consistent approach and set of incidence assumptions across countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: ISER working paper , 2007-28
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehr – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug