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FDZ-Literatur / FDZ Literature

Die FDZ-Literaturdatenbank umfasst neben Datensatzbeschreibungen und Methodenberichten die zahlreichen Forschungsarbeiten, die auf Basis der am FDZ angebotenen Daten entstanden sind. Hier finden Sie aktuell laufende Projekte von FDZ-Nutzenden.
Darüber hinaus stehen die Literaturdatenbank zum IAB-Betriebspanel sowie die Literaturdatenbank zum PASS zur Verfügung.

Apart from dataset descriptions and methodology reports, the FDZ literature database contains numerous research papers written on the basis of the data provided by the FDZ. Here you can find currently ungoing research projects of FDZ users.
In addition, literature databases on the IAB Establishment Panel and the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) are available for research.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Implications of Technology on Wages, Factor Shares and Inequalities across Demographic Groups in the European Labor Market (2024)

    Oleš, Tomáš ;

    Zitatform

    Oleš, Tomáš (2024): Implications of Technology on Wages, Factor Shares and Inequalities across Demographic Groups in the European Labor Market. Bratislava, 134 S.

    Abstract

    "Acemoglu and Restrepo (2022) document that between 50% and 70% of changes in the U.S. wage structure over the last four decades are accounted for by relative wage declines of worker groups specialized in routine tasks in industries experiencing rapid automation. First, we draw major inspiration from this fact and provide new empirical evidence from France and Germany. Based on the evolution of real wages across the last four decades, especially in Germany, we observe strong support for the idea that high-skill biased technological change is displacing some of the least-educated workers. We utilize the conceptual framework by Acemoglu and Restrepo (2022), which links demographic group task displacement, productivity gains, and changes in wage and employment structures over the last three decades. We document that workers in groups more exposed to task displacement, particularly those with lower educational attainment, experienced larger declines in wages and employment (France being the exception), while those in less exposed groups enjoyed increases in wages and employment. We hypothesize that real wages do not reflect the task displacement experienced by workers in a similar way as documented in the U.S. because in France, and to a lesser extent in Germany, wages are downwardly rigid due to institutional factors and a different pace of adoption of automation technologies compared to the US. Second, we contribute to the scarce empirical literature by simultaneously examining the labor-complementing and labor-substituting effects of technology on employment changes, drawing inspiration from Autor et al. (2022). Using text analysis techniques, we create an objective measure of exposure to automation and augmentation for ISCO-08 occupations to robots, software and AI technology. We measure how semantically similar the inputs and outputs of an occupation are to the tasks embedded in the patent documents. Our findings reveal a moderate positive correlation between automation and augmentation exposure across occupations. We find that augmentation and automation move labor demand in countervailing directions. Specifically, we find that occupations with higher exposure to automation than to augmentation tend to experience, on average, declines in employment, while those with higher exposure to augmentation technologies see higher employment growth. These results are in line with the study by Autor et al. (2022). We also find that these findings are robust across different technologies (robots, software, and AI) and across manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. Third, we correlationally link labor productivity, wages, and the fall in aggregate labor share in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain with increasing market concentration. We find that as industry concentration increases, labor productivity and wages also increase, while labor share decreases. One of the much-discussed mechanisms behind this development is the spreading of fixed overhead labor costs over the larger value added by highly productive (superstar) firms (Autor et al., 2017), which, hand-in-hand, gain a larger market share. We follow the empirical approach of Stiel and Schiersch (2022) and test this prediction empirically using firm-level data from CompNet. Our findings show that labor share declines in a non-linear manner with increasing total factor productivity as we approach frontier (superstar) firms. Later, we link these observations with industry-level investment in digital technologies and explore the different effects on productivity, wages, and labor share across the firm size distribution. Our estimates indicate that increases in investment in digital capital or its deepening accelerate productivity and wages for firms operating in the fourth and fifth quintiles of the firm size distribution, but have zero impact on the labor share paid by firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wage inequality consequences of expanding public childcare (2024)

    Riedel, Lukas;

    Zitatform

    Riedel, Lukas (2024): Wage inequality consequences of expanding public childcare. (ZEW discussion paper 24-006), Mannheim, 56 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper assesses the impact of a large expansion of public childcare in Germany on wage inequality. Exploiting regional variation in childcare supply over the 1990s, I show that in regions with stronger increases in childcare, wage inequality among women increased less strongly compared to regions with smaller increases. This is primarily driven by the lower half of the wage distribution and qualitatively similar for full- and part-time workers. Larger expansions in childcare, however, do not contribute to a further closing of the gender wage gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ; Sauer, Irakli ;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany. (LASER discussion papers 152), Erlangen, 57 S.

    Abstract

    "We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990-1999). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Sauer, Irakli ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Subventionen für „kleine Jobs“: Die Auswirkungen von Mini- und Midijobs in Deutschland (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. (2024): Subventionen für „kleine Jobs“. Die Auswirkungen von Mini- und Midijobs in Deutschland. In: Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 5-14. DOI:10.1007/s11943-024-00335-3

    Abstract

    "Die Grohmann-Vorlesung des Jahres 2023 beschäftigt sich mit dem Phänomen der „kleinen Jobs“ in Deutschland. Zunächst wird der institutionelle und historische Hintergrund von Minijobs erläutert und die Intensität ihrer Nutzung beschrieben. Anschließend fasst der Text die Inhalte von drei empirischen Studien zusammen. Diese setzen sich mit der Frage auseinander ob (i) Arbeitgeber reguläre Beschäftigung durch Minijobs ersetzen, (ii) Minijobs zur „motherhood penalty“ in Deutschland beitragen und (iii) ob Midijobs Übergänge aus Minijobs in reguläre sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung erleichtert haben. Die Vorlesung schließt mit einer Betrachtung möglicher Regelungsalternativen für „kleine Jobs“ in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ; Sauer, Irakli ;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17148), Bonn, 54 S.

    Abstract

    "We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990-1999). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Sauer, Irakli ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Earnings assimilation of post-reunification East German migrants in West Germany (2024)

    Riphahn, Regina T. ; Sauer, Irakli ;

    Zitatform

    Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings assimilation of post-reunification East German migrants in West Germany. In: Labour, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 475-510., 2024-05-13. DOI:10.1111/labr.12279

    Abstract

    "We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990–99). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Sauer, Irakli ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Spatial earnings inequality (2024)

    Schluter, Christian; Trede, Mark ;

    Zitatform

    Schluter, Christian & Mark Trede (2024): Spatial earnings inequality. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 531-550. DOI:10.1007/s10888-023-09616-3

    Abstract

    "Earnings inequality in Germany has increased dramatically. Measuring inequality locally at the level of cities annually since 1985, we find that behind this development is the rapidly worsening inequality in the largest cities, driven by increasing earnings polarization. In the cross-section, local earnings inequality rises substantially in city size, and this city-size inequality penalty has increased steadily since 1985, reaching an elasticity of .2 in 2010. Inequality decompositions reveal that overall earnings inequality is almost fully explained by the within-locations component, which in turn is driven by the largest cities. The worsening inequality in the largest cities is amplified by their greater population weight. Examining the local earnings distributions directly reveals that this is due to increasing earnings polarization that is strongest in the largest places. Both upper and lower distributional tails become heavier over time, and are the heaviest in the largest cities. We establish these results using a large and spatially representative administrative data set, and address the top-coding problem in these data using a parametric distribution approach that outperforms standard imputations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Essays über Einkommensdynamiken und -risiken (2024)

    Schmal, Friederike;

    Zitatform

    Schmal, Friederike (2024): Essays über Einkommensdynamiken und -risiken. 134 S.

    Abstract

    "Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es nun, einen Blick auf die Einkommensdynamiken im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu werfen, der einige Besonderheiten aufweist. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die deutsche Wiedervereinigung und die darauf folgenden Umstrukturierungen Anfang der 1990er Jahre oder auch die Globalisierung (Bartels (2014, S. 2)). Zunächst untersuche ich, welche Modellannahmen sich für die Einkommensmodellierung in Deutschland als tragfähig erweisen. Anschließend erfolgt die Einführung eines neuen Absicherungsinstrumentes, das auf Basis von Parametern zu Beginn des Erwerbslebens Assets kreiert, die gegen unerwartete Einkommensrisiken absichern sollen. Abschließend analysiere ich, inwieweit Ausbildungsentscheidungen das zukünftige Einkommen beeinflussen. Dies geschieht mittels der Schätzung kontrafaktischer Einkommenstrajektorien, die einen Vergleich zwischen den Entscheidungsfolgen ermöglichen. Bei all diesen Beiträgen spielen idiosynkratische Einkommensrisiken eine zentrale Rolle. Zur Untersuchung der zuvor genannten Fragestellungen werde ich zwei deutsche Datensätze heranziehen.2 Zum einen sind das Arbeitsmarktdaten von der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB)). Diese dienen zur Analyse der Einkommensmodellierung und -absicherung (Kapitel 2 und 3) und umfassen insgesamt Beobachtungen von mehr als 1.7 Millionen Individuen über einen Zeitraum von über 40 Jahren. Neben der Größe des Datensatzes ist besonders dessen Qualität hervorzuheben. Durch die administrative Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung sind beispielsweise vor allem die Einkommensobservationen besonders verlässlich. Das vierte Kapitel widmet sich der Schätzung kontrafaktischer Einkommensdynamiken in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Ausbildungsentscheidungen im Leben eines Individuums. Um dabei auch kognitive Fähigkeiten berücksichtigen zu können, wechselt die Datengrundlage auf das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP). Auch dieser Datensatz ist mit fast 150 000 Individuen sehr umfangreich und umfasst mehrere Jahrzehnte (wie die SIAB-Daten). Im Gegensatz zu den vorher genutzten administrativen Daten werden in diesem Survey-Datensatz zahlreiche zusätzliche Variablen abgefragt (Schulnoten, selbst eingeschätzter Gesundheitszustand, Bildungshintergrund der Eltern). Allerdings bringen Survey-Daten auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Laut Guvenen, Pistaferri u. a. (2022) gehören dazu unter anderem Probleme mit Messfehlern, eine mangelnde Repräsentativität (insbesondere an den Rändern der Verteilungen), das Ausscheiden von Individuen (sample attrition) und eine kleine Stichprobengröße. In dieser Arbeit wird durch die mehrmalige Ausführung von Datenreinigungs- und Imputationsschritten bei den zwei genutzten Datensätzen jeweils eine hohe Datenqualität erzielt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment (2024)

    Thomsen, Stephan L. ; Trunzer, Johannes;

    Zitatform

    Thomsen, Stephan L. & Johannes Trunzer (2024): Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. accepted manuscript, S. 1-87. DOI:10.1086/730273

    Abstract

    "The Bologna Process reformed the German university system by introducing three-year undergraduate degrees. We evaluate the effects on the dual apprenticeship system where 29% of new apprentices are also qualified for university. For identification, we exploit regional and temporal variation in reform adoption, using administrative student and labor market data from 1997 to 2015. The Bologna reform implementation reduced the number of new highly educated apprentices considerably. In particular, clerical apprenticeships were affected. Firms did not substitute with less-educated apprentices, but partly replaced the lower supply of new highly educated apprentices with university graduates in the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Chicago University Press) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Industry Mix, Local Labor Markets, and the Incidence of Trade Shocks (2024)

    Yi, Moises; Stegmaier, Jens ; Müller, Steffen ;

    Zitatform

    Yi, Moises, Steffen Müller & Jens Stegmaier (2024): Industry Mix, Local Labor Markets, and the Incidence of Trade Shocks. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 837-875., 2023-02-07. DOI:10.1086/724569

    Abstract

    "We analyze how skill transferability and the local industry mix affect the adjustment costs of workers hit by a trade shock. Using German administrative data and novel measures of economic distance we construct an index of labor market absorptiveness that captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry are able to reallocate into other jobs. Among manufacturing workers, we find that the earnings loss associated with increased import exposure is much higher for those who live in the least absorptive regions. We conclude that the local industry composition plays an important role in the adjustment processes of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Stegmaier, Jens ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    The impact of modeling decisions in statistical profiling (2023)

    Bach, Ruben L. ; Mautner, Hannah ; Kern, Christoph ; Kreuter, Frauke ;

    Zitatform

    Bach, Ruben L., Christoph Kern, Hannah Mautner & Frauke Kreuter (2023): The impact of modeling decisions in statistical profiling. In: Data & Policy, Jg. 5. DOI:10.1017/dap.2023.29

    Abstract

    "Statistical profiling of job seekers is an attractive option to guide the activities of public employment services. Many hope that algorithms will improve both efficiency and effectiveness of employment services’ activities that are so far often based on human judgment. Against this backdrop, we evaluate regression and machine-learning models for predicting job-seekers’ risk of becoming long-term unemployed using German administrative labor market data. While our models achieve competitive predictive performance, we show that training an accurate prediction model is just one element in a series of design and modeling decisions, each having notable effects that span beyond predictive accuracy. We observe considerable variation in the cases flagged as high risk across models, highlighting the need for systematic evaluation and transparency of the full prediction pipeline if statistical profiling techniques are to be implemented by employment agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Cambridge University Press) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)

    Bauluz, Luis; Breau, Sébastien ; Bukowski, Pawel; Lee, Neil ; Lee, Annie; Malgouyres, Clément ; Novokmet, Filip; Fransham, Mark ; López Forero, Margarita; Verdugo, Gregory ; Schularick, Moritz;

    Zitatform

    Bauluz, Luis, Pawel Bukowski, Mark Fransham, Annie Lee, Margarita López Forero, Filip Novokmet, Sébastien Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (World Inequality Lab - Working Paper 2023/14), Paris, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase. Whilst common global social, economic and technological shocks are important drivers of spatial inequality, this variation in levels and trends of spatial inequality opens the way to comparative research exploring the role of national institutions in mediating how global shocks translate into economic disparities between places." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)

    Bauluz, Luis; Novokmet, Filip; Breau, S.; Bukowski, P.; Lee, Neil ; Lee, A.; Malgouyres, Clément ; López Forero, M.; Fransham, M.; Verdugo, Gregory ; Schularick, Moritz;

    Zitatform

    Bauluz, Luis, P. Bukowski, M. Fransham, A. Lee, M. López Forero, Filip Novokmet, S. Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (Kiel working paper / Kiel Institut für Weltwirtschaft (IfW) - Leibniz Zentrum zur Erforschung Globaler Ökonomischer Herausforderungen 2253), Kiel, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase. Whilst common global social, economic and technological shocks are important drivers of spatial inequality, this variation in levels and trends of spatial inequality opens the way to comparative research exploring the role of national institutions in mediating how global shocks translate into economic disparities between places." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)

    Bauluz, Luis; Lee, Annie; Novokmet, Filip; Schularick, Moritz; Breau, Sébastien ; López Forero, Margarita; Lee, Neil ; Fransham, Mark ; Malgouyres, Clément ; Bukowski, Pawel; Verdugo, Gregory ;

    Zitatform

    Bauluz, Luis, Pawel Bukowski, Mark Fransham, Annie Lee, Margarita López Forero, Filip Novokmet, Sébastien Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 18381), London, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)

    Bauluz, Luis; Lee, Neil ; Breau, Sébastien ; Verdugo, Gregory ; Bukowski, Pawel; Novokmet, Filip; Malgouyres, Clément ; López Forero, Margarita; Schularick, Moritz; Lee, Annie; Fransham, Mark ;

    Zitatform

    Bauluz, Luis, Pawel Bukowski, Mark Fransham, Annie Lee, Margarita López Forero, Filip Novokmet, Sébastien Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (LSE International Inequalities Institute. Working paper 98), London, 44 S.

    Abstract

    "The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Subsidized small jobs and maternal labor market outcomes in the long run (2023)

    Collischon, Matthias ; Riphahn, Regina T. ; Cygan-Rehm, Kamila;

    Zitatform

    Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2023): Subsidized small jobs and maternal labor market outcomes in the long run. (LASER discussion papers 148), Erlangen, S. 56.

    Abstract

    "This paper investigates whether incentives generated by public policies contribute to motherhood penalties. Specifically, we study the consequences of subsidized small jobs, the German Minijobs, which are frequently taken up by first-time mothers upon labor market return. Using a combination of propensity score matching and an event study applied to administrative data, we compare the long-run child penalties of mothers who started out in a Minijob employment versus unsubsidized employment or non-employment after birth. We find persistent differences between the Minijobbers and otherwise employed mothers up to 10 years after the first birth, which suggests adverse unintended consequences of the small jobs subsidy program for maternal earnings and pensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Collischon, Matthias ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Lifetime consequences of lost instructional time in the classroom: Evidence from shortened school years (2023)

    Cygan-Rehm, Kamila;

    Zitatform

    Cygan-Rehm, Kamila (2023): Lifetime consequences of lost instructional time in the classroom: Evidence from shortened school years. In: Verein für Socialpolitik (Hrsg.) (2023): Growth and the "sociale Frage". Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2023.

    Abstract

    "This study estimates the lifetime effects of lost instructional time in the classroom on labor market performance. For identification, I use historical shifts in the school year schedule in Germany, which substantially shortened the duration of the affected school years with no adjustments in the core curriculum. The lost in-school instruction was mainly compensated for by assigning additional homework. Applying a difference-in-differences design to social security records, I find adverse effects of the policy on earnings and employment over nearly the entire occupational career. Unfavorable impacts on human capital are a plausible mechanism behind the deteriorated labor market outcomes." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Employment and Reallocation Effects of Higher Minimum Wages (2023)

    Drechsel-Grau, Moritz;

    Zitatform

    Drechsel-Grau, Moritz (2023): Employment and Reallocation Effects of Higher Minimum Wages. (CESifo working paper 10412), München, 64 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper studies the employment and reallocation effects of minimum wages in Germany in a search-and-matching model with endogenous job search effort and vacancy posting, multiple employment levels, a progressive tax-transfer system, and worker and firm heterogeneity. I find that minimum wages up to 70% of the median wage significantly increase productivity, hours worked and output without reducing employment. In frictional labor markets, however, reallocation takes time whenever the minimum wage cuts deep into the wage distribution. I show that gradually implementing a high minimum wage is necessary to avoid elevated unemployment rates during the transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Artificial Intelligence, Tasks, Skills and Wages: Worker-Level Evidence from Germany (2023)

    Engberg, Erik; Koch, Michael ; Lodefalk, Magnus ; Schroeder, Sarah ;

    Zitatform

    Engberg, Erik, Michael Koch, Magnus Lodefalk & Sarah Schroeder (2023): Artificial Intelligence, Tasks, Skills and Wages: Worker-Level Evidence from Germany. (Ratio working paper 371), Stockholm, 55 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper documents novel facts on within-occupation task and skill changes over the past two decades in Germany. In a second step, it reveals a distinct relationship between occupational work content and exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and automation (robots). Workers in occupations with high AI exposure, perform different activities and face different skill requirements, compared to workers in occupations ex- posed to robots. In a third step, the study uses individual labor market biographies to investigate the impact on wages between 2010 and 2017. Results indicate a wage growth premium in occupations more exposed to AI, contrasting with a wage growth discount in occupations exposed to robots. Finally, the study further explores the dynamic in- fluence of AI exposure on individual wages over time, uncovering positive associations with wages, with nuanced variations across occupational groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    The Impact of Technological Change on Immigration and Immigrants (2023)

    Giesing, Yvonne ;

    Zitatform

    Giesing, Yvonne (2023): The Impact of Technological Change on Immigration and Immigrants. (CESifo working paper 10876), München, S.46.

    Abstract

    "We study the effects of technological change on immigration flows as well as the labor market outcomes of migrants versus natives. We analyze and compare the effects of two different automation technologies: Industrial robots and artificial intelligence. We exploit data provided by the Industrial Federation of Robotics as well as online job vacancy data on Germany, a highly automated economy and the main destination for migrants in Europe. We apply an instrumental variable strategy and identify how robots decrease the wage of migrants across all skill groups, while neither having a significant impact on the native population nor immigration flows. In the case of AI, we determine an increase in the wage gap as well as the unemployment gap of migrant and native populations. This applies to the low-, medium- and high-skilled and is indicative of migrants facing displacement effects, while natives might benefit from productivity and complementarity effects. In addition, AI leads to a significant inflow of immigrants. Policymakers should devote special attention to the migration population when designing mitigation policies in response to technological change to avoid further increases in inequality between migrants and natives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Working Longer, Working Stronger? The Forward-Looking Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age on (Un)employment Behaviour (2023)

    Gohl, Niklas;

    Zitatform

    Gohl, Niklas (2023): Working Longer, Working Stronger? The Forward-Looking Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age on (Un)employment Behaviour. (CEPA discussion papers / Center for Economic Policy Analysis 63), Potsdam, 62 S.

    Abstract

    "Leveraging two cohort-specific pension reforms, this paper estimates the forward-looking effects of an exogenous increase in the working horizon on (un)employment behaviour for individuals with a long remaining statutory working life. Using difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches based on administrative and survey data, I show that a longer legal working horizon increases individuals' subjective expectations about the length of their work life, raises the probability of employment, decreases the probability of unemployment, and increases the intensity of job search among the unemployed. Heterogeneity analyses show that the demonstrated employment effects are strongest for women and in occupations with comparatively low physical intensity, i.e., occupations that can be performed at older ages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Gender-Atypical Learning Experiences of Men Reduce Occupational Sex Segregation: Evidence From the Suspension of the Civilian Service in Germany (2023)

    Hamjediers, Maik ;

    Zitatform

    Hamjediers, Maik (2023): Gender-Atypical Learning Experiences of Men Reduce Occupational Sex Segregation: Evidence From the Suspension of the Civilian Service in Germany. In: Gender & Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 524-552. DOI:10.1177/08912432231177650

    Abstract

    "Occupational sex segregation persists in part because men seldom enter female-dominated occupations. Whereas programs providing women with gender-atypical learning experiences aim to increase female representation in male-dominated domains, similar programs for men—despite their potential to counteract the prevailing lack of men in female-dominated occupations—are rare. In this paper, I investigate whether men’s gender-atypical learning experiences affect their likelihood of entering female-dominated occupations by studying the effect of participation in Germany’s civilian service. The civilian service offered a social-sector alternative to compulsory military service, and its suspension in 2011 induced exogenous variation in men’s gender-atypical learning experiences. Combining register data from Germany’s social security system with data from the German Microcensus shows that men’s likelihood of entering the labor market in female-dominated occupations declined by about 21 percent when the civilian service was suspended. Scaling the estimate by participation in the civilian service indicates that having completed the civilian service increased men’s likelihood of entering female-dominated occupations by about 12 percentage points. This illustrates that programs exposing men to gender-atypical learning experiences can promote occupational integration and could “unstall” the gender revolution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Public child care and mothers' career trajectories (2023)

    Huber, Katrin; Rolvering, Geske;

    Zitatform

    Huber, Katrin & Geske Rolvering (2023): Public child care and mothers' career trajectories. (CEPA discussion papers / Center for Economic Policy Analysis 64), Potsdam, 33 S.

    Abstract

    "This paper studies the effect of public child care on mothers' career trajectories. To this end, we combine county-level data on child care coverage with detailed individual-level information from the German social security records and exploit a set of German reforms leading to a substantial temporal and spatial variation in child care coverage for children under the age of three. We conduct an event study approach that investigates the labor market outcomes of mothers in the years around the birth of their first child. We thereby explore career trajectories, both in terms of quantity and quality of employment. We find that public child care improves maternal labor supply in the years immediately following childbirth. However, the results on quality-related outcomes suggest that the effect of child care provision does not reach far beyond pure employment effects. These results do not change for mothers with different 'career costs of children'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss (2023)

    Jarosch, Gregor;

    Zitatform

    Jarosch, Gregor (2023): Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss. In: Econometrica, Jg. 91, H. 3, S. 903-942. DOI:10.3982/ECTA14008

    Abstract

    "Job loss comes with large present value earnings losses which elude workhorse models of unemployment and labor market policy. I propose a parsimonious model of a frictional labor market in which jobs differ in terms of unemployment risk and workers search off- and on-the-job. This gives rise to a job ladder with slippery bottom rungs where unemployment spells beget unemployment spells. I allow for human capital to respond to time spent out of work and estimate the framework on German Social Security data. The model captures the joint response of wages, employment, and unemployment risk to job loss which I measure empirically. The key driver of the “unemployment scar” is the loss in job security and its interaction with the evolution of human capital and, in particular, the search for better employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies (2023)

    Jung, Philip ; Korfmann, Philipp ; Preugschat, Edgar ;

    Zitatform

    Jung, Philip, Philipp Korfmann & Edgar Preugschat (2023): Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 152. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104318

    Abstract

    "We document large and persistent spatial dispersion in unemployment rates, vacancies, labor market tightness, labor market flows, and wages for Germany on a granular regional level. We find that both differences in inflows into and in outflows from unemployment are important for accounting for the regional dispersion in unemployment rates. Within a search- and matching model with risk-averse agents, moral hazard, endogenous separations and free mobility we show that an optimal policy response to labor market dispersion requires a place-based tax and unemployment insurance system together with place-based policies conditioning on labor market flows. We allow regions to differ along multiple dimensions and characterize the trade-offs between insurance, regional redistribution and efficiency quantitatively. We find that for Germany a move towards an optimal place-based tax system that explicitly conditions on regional characteristics could lead to sizeable welfare and employment gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Value of Early-Career Skills (2023)

    Langer, Christina; Wiederhold, Simon ;

    Zitatform

    Langer, Christina & Simon Wiederhold (2023): The Value of Early-Career Skills. (CESifo working paper 10288), München: CESifo, 66 S.

    Abstract

    "We develop novel measures of early-career skills that are more detailed, comprehensive, and labor-market-relevant than existing skill proxies. We exploit that skill requirements of apprenticeships in Germany are codified in state-approved, nationally standardized apprenticeship plans. These plans provide more than 13,000 different skills and the exact duration of learning each skill. Following workers over their careers in administrative data, we find that cognitive, social, and digital skills acquired during apprenticeship are highly – yet differently – rewarded. We also document rising returns to digital and social skills since the 1990s, with a more moderate increase in returns to cognitive skills." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A single risk approach to the semiparametric competing risks model with parametric Archimedean risk dependence (2023)

    Lo, Ming Sum Simon; Wilke, Ralf A. ;

    Zitatform

    Lo, Ming Sum Simon & Ralf A. Wilke (2023): A single risk approach to the semiparametric competing risks model with parametric Archimedean risk dependence. In: Journal of Multivariate Analysis. DOI:10.1016/j.jmva.2023.105276

    Abstract

    "This paper considers a dependent competing risks model with the distribution of one risk being a semiparametric proportional hazards model, whereas the model for the other risks and the degree of risk dependence of an Archimedean copula are unknown. Identifiability is shown when there is at least one covariate with at least two values. Estimation is done by means of a -consistent semiparametric two-step procedure. Applicability and attractive finite sample performance are demonstrated with the help of simulations. An application to unemployment duration confirms the importance of estimating rather than assuming risk dependence." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Child Penalty Estimation and Mothers' Age at First Birth (2023)

    Melentyeva, Valentina; Riedel, Lukas;

    Zitatform

    Melentyeva, Valentina & Lukas Riedel (2023): Child Penalty Estimation and Mothers' Age at First Birth. (ECONtribute discussion paper 266), Köln ; Bonn, 43 S.

    Abstract

    "Motherhood continues to pose significant challenges to women's careers, and a correct assessment of its effects is crucial for understanding the persistent gender inequality in the labor market. We show that the prevalent approach to estimate post-birth earnings losses – so called “child penalties” – is prone to yield substantially biased results. We demonstrate that the biases stem from conventional event studies pooling together first-time mothers of all ages, without considering their distinct characteristics and the varying impact of motherhood. To address the biases, we propose a novel approach that accounts for the heterogeneity by building upon recent advancements in the econometric literature on difference-in-differences models. Applying it to administrative data from Germany, we demonstrate that considering heterogeneity by maternal age at birth is crucial for both methodological correctness and a deeper understanding of gender inequality. Our approach yields substantially larger estimates of earnings losses after childbirth (by 20 percent), indicating that the costs of motherhood and related gender gaps in Germany are even larger than previously thought. Moreover, we demonstrate that effects and their interpretation differ significantly depending on maternal age at birth. We show that younger first-time mothers experience larger career costs of motherhood, as they miss out on the phase of the most rapid career progression." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Retirement in Western Germany - How Workplace Tasks Influence Its Timing (2023)

    Mertens, Antje ; Romeu-Gordo, Laura;

    Zitatform

    Mertens, Antje & Laura Romeu-Gordo (2023): Retirement in Western Germany - How Workplace Tasks Influence Its Timing. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 467-485. DOI:10.1177/09500170211011330

    Abstract

    "In this article, task data from the German Qualification and Career Survey (BIBB/IAB) is matched against the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) to investigate what patterns are discernible in retirement between 1985 and 2005 in Western Germany. Set against a background of pension reforms and substantial structural change, the article asks whether the nature of occupational tasks has any significant effect on the timing of retirement. Through the use of event history analysis, the article reveals that having a large percentage of routine manual tasks in one’s job is associated with a greater likelihood of a job holder leaving employment, while having medium to high percentages of non-routine manual tasks in one’s job will tend to decrease that likelihood. There is also evidence that holding a job that includes a medium to high concentration of analytical and interactive tasks will tend to reduce the likelihood of early retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Occupational Reallocation Within and Across Firms: Implications for labor-market polarization (2023)

    Mukoyama, Toshihiko; Tanaka, Satoshi ; Takayama, Naoki ;

    Zitatform

    Mukoyama, Toshihiko, Naoki Takayama & Satoshi Tanaka (2023): Occupational Reallocation Within and Across Firms: Implications for labor-market polarization. (RIETI discussion paper 23051), Tokyo, 54 S.

    Abstract

    "This study analyzes how labor-market frictions interact with firms' decisions to reallocate workers across different occupations during labor-market polarization. We compare the patterns of occupational reallocation within and across firms in the United States and Germany in recent years. We find that within-firm reallocation contributes significantly to the decline in employment in routine occupations in Germany, but much less in the United States. We construct a general equilibrium model of firm dynamics and find that the model with different firing taxes can replicate the difference in firm-level adjustment patterns across these countries. We conduct two counterfactual experiments, highlighting the different roles played by the within-firm cost of reorganizing occupational mix and across-firm frictions created by firing taxes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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    Data product: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1
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    Hedging Potential of Occupational and Regional Wage Indices (2023)

    Schmal, Friederike; Trede, Mark Matthias ;

    Zitatform

    Schmal, Friederike & Mark Matthias Trede (2023): Hedging Potential of Occupational and Regional Wage Indices. In: Journal of Income Distribution. DOI:10.25071/1874-6322.40478

    Abstract

    "This article suggests a readily implementable approach to hedging occupational and regional wage risks. We show that currently available administrative data of the German social security system can be aggregated into indices of occupational and regional wage levels. We define assets with payouts dependent on the occupational and/or regional wage development of a cohort. If such assets had been available in the past, annual and lifetime income inequality could have been reduced, and individual income volatility would have been smaller. By construction, there are no moral hazard problems, and the incentives to move jobs or regions are not affected. We conclude that introducing these hedging instruments could mitigate income shocks to some degree without case-by-case interference from politicians and without detrimental effects on labour allocation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, ©AD LIBROS PUBLICATIONS INC) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies Regional File (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021 (2023)

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;

    Zitatform

    Schmucker, Alexandra & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies Regional File (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 07/2023 (en)), Nürnberg, 85 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2307.en.v1

    Abstract

    "Dieser Datenreport beschreibt das „Regionalfile“ der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. Der Datensatz stellt die faktisch anonymisierte Version der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) dar und wird nach Abschluss eines Nutzungsvertrages mit dem IAB an Forschungseinrichtungen übermittelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;

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    also released in English

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    Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975-2021 (2023)

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Seth, Stefan;

    Zitatform

    Schmucker, Alexandra, Stefan Seth & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975-2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 02/2023 (de)), Nürnberg, 82 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2302.de.v1

    Abstract

    "Dieser Datenreport beschreibt die Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975 - 2021." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;

    Ähnliche Treffer

    also released in English

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    Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) 1975-2021 (2023)

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Seth, Stefan;

    Zitatform

    Schmucker, Alexandra, Stefan Seth & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) 1975-2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 02/2023 (en)), Nürnberg, 81 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2302.de.v1

    Abstract

    "Dieser Datenreport beschreibt die Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975 - 2021." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;

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    Frequencies and labels
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    Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021 (2023)

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;

    Zitatform

    Schmucker, Alexandra & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 07/2023 (de)), Nürnberg, 83 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2307.de.v1

    Abstract

    "Dieser Datenreport beschreibt das „Regionalfile“ der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. Der Datensatz stellt die faktisch anonymisierte Version der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) dar und wird nach Abschluss eines Nutzungsvertrages mit dem IAB an Forschungseinrichtungen übermittelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;

    Ähnliche Treffer

    also released in English

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance (2023)

    Schulz, Bastian ; Siuda, Fabian ;

    Zitatform

    Schulz, Bastian & Fabian Siuda (2023): Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 2277-2308. DOI:10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1

    Abstract

    "This paper examines how changes in household-level risk sharing affect the marriage market. We use as our laboratory a German unemployment insurance (UI) reform that tightened means-testing based on the partner’s income. The reduced generosity of UI increased the demand for household-level risk sharing, which lowered the attractiveness of individuals exposed to unemployment risk. Because unemployment risk correlates with non-German nationality, our main finding is that the UI reform led to a decrease in intermarriage. The 2004 expansion of the European Union had a comparable effect on intermarriage for the affected nationalities. Both reforms increased marital stability, which is consistent with better selection by couples." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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    Wechseln von Digitalisierung betroffene Beschäftigte häufiger den Betrieb oder in Arbeitslosigkeit? (2023)

    Seele, Stefanie; Stettes, Oliver;

    Zitatform

    Seele, Stefanie & Oliver Stettes (2023): Wechseln von Digitalisierung betroffene Beschäftigte häufiger den Betrieb oder in Arbeitslosigkeit? In: IW-Trends, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 3-21. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.23-04-01

    Abstract

    "Die Sorge, ein steigender Technologieeinsatz im Berufsalltag könnte zu Arbeitsplatzverlusten führen, scheint bislang unbegründet. Eine Analyse von Mobilitätsprozessen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigter in einer repräsentativen 2-Prozent-Stichprobe von Prozessdaten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (SIAB) verdeutlicht für die Jahre 2012 bis 2021, dass stark von Digitalisierungstechnologien betroffene Berufssegmente eine deutlich höhere Beschäftigungsstabilität und messbar seltenere Arbeitslosigkeitszugänge zeigten. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für Beschäftigte in potenziell besonders leicht durch neue Technologien substituierbaren Berufen als auch für Beschäftigte in Digitalisierungsberufen mit besonders vielen komplementären Tätigkeiten und Kompetenzen zu den neuen Technologien. Vier von fünf Personen, die 2012 sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt waren, blieben in den neun Folgejahren beim selben Arbeitgeber. Den Betrieb wechselten knapp 10 Prozent in einem Beruf mit hohem Substituierbarkeitspotenzial und fast 9 Prozent in einem ausgeprägten Digitalisierungsberuf. Gleichzeitig wurden Personen beider Berufssegmente seltener arbeitslos als ihre Vergleichsgruppen. Betriebsspezifisches Kapital könnte hierfür ursächlich sein. Beschäftigte mit hohem Substituierbarkeitspotenzial des Berufs könnten von Betriebsbeteiligungen an Investitionen in betriebsspezifisches Humankapital profitieren. Beschäftigte mit ausgeprägten Digitalisierungsberufen könnten durch betriebsspezifisches Organisationskapital gebunden sein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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    Data product: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7521.de.en.v1
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    A tale of two data sets: comparing German administrative and survey data using wage inequality as an example (2023)

    Stüber, Heiko ; Grabka, Markus M. ; Schnitzlein, Daniel D. ;

    Zitatform

    Stüber, Heiko, Markus M. Grabka & Daniel D. Schnitzlein (2023): A tale of two data sets: comparing German administrative and survey data using wage inequality as an example. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, S. 1-18., 2023-02-21. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00336-9

    Abstract

    "The IAB’s Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) and the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) are the two data sets most commonly used to analyze wage inequality in Germany. While the SIAB is based on administrative reports by employers to the social security system, the SOEP is a survey data set in which respondents self-report their wages. Both data sources have their specific advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study is to describe and compare the evolution of wage inequality for these two types of data. For this purpose, different sample restrictions are applied. The comparison without any harmonization of the data shows different levels and trends. When the information is largely harmonized, comparable trends and similar levels emerge." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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    A guide to preparing the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB, version 7519 v1) for scientific analysis (2023)

    Stüber, Heiko ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Eppelsheimer, Johann;

    Zitatform

    Stüber, Heiko, Wolfgang Dauth & Johann Eppelsheimer (2023): A guide to preparing the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB, version 7519 v1) for scientific analysis. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, S. 1-11., 2023-01-12. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00335-w

    Abstract

    "The Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) is the most frequently requested data set provided by the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). However, preparing the SIAB for scientifc analysis is a complicated and error-prone task. This article explains steps necessary to prepare the latest version of the SIAB (7519 v1) and gives examples of how the preparation can be done. Among other things, it shows how to impute right-censored wages, deal with parallel employment episodes, and clean up the data set. The supplementary material to this article contains extensively annotated Stata do-files to replicate our data preparation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Dauth, Wolfgang ;
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    Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2021 - Programming examples for Stata (2023)

    Vom Berge, Philipp ; Schmucker, Alexandra;

    Zitatform

    Vom Berge, Philipp & Alexandra Schmucker (2023): Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2021 - Programming examples for Stata. (FDZ-Methodenreport 03/2023 (en)), Nürnberg, 14 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZM.2303.en.v1

    Abstract

    "Der vorliegende FDZ-Methodenreport (einschließlich der Programmierbeispiele für Stata) beschreibt die Erstellung von Querschnittdaten auf Basis der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (Version 1975-2021) zu frei wählbaren Stichtagen. Zudem werden die Generierung von biografischen Merkmalen und das Vorgehen, das Sonderzahlungen und die da-zugehörigen Tagesentgelte aufsummiert, erläutert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Vom Berge, Philipp ; Schmucker, Alexandra;

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    Stata do-files
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    A correction procedure for the working hours variable in the IAB employee history (2023)

    Vom Berge, Philipp ; Umkehrer, Matthias ; Wanger, Susanne ;

    Zitatform

    Vom Berge, Philipp, Matthias Umkehrer & Susanne Wanger (2023): A correction procedure for the working hours variable in the IAB employee history. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, 2023-01-01. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00331-0

    Abstract

    "Administrative labour market data for Germany do not contain detailed information on working hours. This poses a serious challenge for many empirical research questions. Between 2010 and 2014, however, it is possible to merge a supplementary data source containing information on working hours reported by employers for each job to the German Social Accident Insurances. One complicating factor is that employers were allowed to report actual working hours, contractual working hours or a full-time worker reference value, and it is not obvious from the data which re-porting scheme was actually used. In this report, we describe this supplementary data source and propose a correction procedure that maps all data entries so that they uniformly reflect contractual working time. After this correction, the distribution of contractual weekly working hours in the combined administrative labour market data closely resembles the distribution from the German Structural Earnings Survey." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Vom Berge, Philipp ; Umkehrer, Matthias ; Wanger, Susanne ;
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    Population aggregates from administrative data samples – how good are they? (2023)

    Vom Berge, Philipp ;

    Zitatform

    Vom Berge, Philipp (2023): Population aggregates from administrative data samples – how good are they? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, S. 1-10., 2023-01-16. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00334-x

    Abstract

    "Researchers regularly use administrative micro-data samples to approximate subgroup aggregates from the full population. In this paper, I argue that the most commonly used method to do this is often not optimal. I outline some alternatives and compare their relative performance in selected cases. I also discuss the efect of statistical disclosure control on the aggregated data and how researchers can reduce bias resulting from censoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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    Vom Berge, Philipp ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Model-Based Prediction and Estimation Using Incomplete Survey Data (2023)

    Wölwer, Anna-Lena;

    Zitatform

    Wölwer, Anna-Lena (2023): Model-Based Prediction and Estimation Using Incomplete Survey Data. XIX, 223 S. DOI:10.25353/ubtr-xxxx-25a6-5f2c

    Abstract

    "Survey Daten können unter verschiedensten Blickwinkeln als unvollständig bzw. als partiell fehlend angesehen werden und es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, mit diesen Daten in der Prädiktion und Schätzung interessierender volkswirtschaftlicher Größen umzugehen. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei ausgewählte Forschungskontexte vorgestellt, in denen die Prädiktion bzw. Schätzung unter unvollständigen Survey Daten untersucht wird. Diese Kontexte sind zum einen die Untersuchung zusammengesetzter Schätzer im deutschen Mikrozensus (Kapitel 3 und 4) und zum anderen Erweiterungen multivariater Fay-Herriot (MFH) Modelle (Kapitel 5 und 6), die bei Small Area Problemen Anwendung finden. Zusammengesetzte Schätzer sind Schätzmethoden, die die Stichprobenüberlappung in rotierenden Panel Surveys wie dem deutschen Mikrozensus zur Stabilisierung der Schätzung interessierender Größen (z.B. Erwerbsstatistiken) nutzen. Durch die partiellen Stichprobenüberlappungen in rotierenden Panel Surveys liegen immer nur für einen Teil der Befragten Informationen aus vorangegangenen Erhebungen vor. Die resultierenden Daten sind damit partiell fehlend. MFH Modelle sind modellbasierte Schätzmethoden, die mit aggregierten Survey Daten arbeiten, um im Vergleich zu klassischen Schätzmethoden präzisere Schätzergebnisse für Small Area Probleme zu erhalten. In den Modellen werden mehrere interessierende Größen gleichzeitig modelliert. Die Survey-Schätzwerte dieser Größen, die in MFH Modelle als Input eingehen, sind häufig partiell fehlend. Wenn die interessierenden Domains nicht explizit im Stichprobendesign berücksichtigt wurden, kann es sein, dass die Größe der Stichprobe, die auf sie entfällt, so klein ist, dass entweder gar keine Schätzwerte berechnet werden können oder aber die Schätzwerte von statistischen Ämtern nicht veröffentlicht werden, da ihre Varianzen zu groß ist. Nach einem Überblick zu theoretischen und methodischen Grundlagen der Survey Statistik in Kapitel 2 stellt Kapitel 3 die Generierung eines Längsschnittdatensatz vor, auf Basis dessen in Kapitel 4 designbasierte Simulationsstudien zum Einsatz von zusammengesetzten Schätzern im Mikrozensus durchgeführt werden. Für diese Studien wird ein Längsschnittdatensatz mit monatlichen Erwerbsinformationen benötigt, der die deutsche Wohnbevölkerung abbildet. Auf Grundlage des SIAB Datensatzes werden Prädiktionsmodelle für monatliche Erwerbsübergänge geschätzt, mit denen monatliche Erwerbsinformationen im RIFOSS Datensatz, einem halb-synthetischen Querschnittdatensatz der deutschen Wohnbevölkerung, generiert werden. Für die Prädiktionsmodelle werden mehrere generalisierte additive Modelle, die jeweils auf Substichproben der aufbereiteten SIAB Daten geschätzt werden (Subagging), zu optimal gewichteten Ensemble Modellen (Stacking) verbunden. In der Optimierung der Ensemble Gewichte wird eine in diesem Kapitel vorgestellte Erweiterung des Brier Scores verwendet. In Kapitel 4 wird der Einsatz von zusammengesetzten Schätzern für Erwerbsstatistiken im deutschen Mikrozensus untersucht. Das Design des deutschen Mikrozensus wurde 2020 wesentlichen Änderungen unterzogen, welche neue Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz dieser Schätzmethoden schaffen. In dem Kapitel wird analysiert, welche Einsatzmöglichkeiten sich für zusammengesetzte Schätzer aus dem neuen Mikrozensus Design ergeben. Beispielsweise bieten sich verschiedene Stichprobenüberlappungen zu vorangegangenen Zeitpunkten für die Nutzung in den zusammengesetzten Schätzern an. Zusätzlich werden Anpassungen der Formeln der zusammengesetzten Schätzer für die sich aus dem Mikrozensus Design ergebenden regional heterogenen Stichprobenüberlappungen vorgestellt. In einer designbasierten Simulationsstudie, deren Basis der in Kapitel 3 erstellte Datensatz ist, wird die Performanz der angepassten Methoden unter verschiedenen Sets an Stichprobenüberlappungen für verschiedene Erwerbsstatistiken verglichen. Im Fokus von Kapitel 5 und 6 stehen unvollständige aggregierte Survey-Schätzwerte, die zur Small Area Schätzung in MFH Modellen verwendet werden. Mit den Beiträgen der beiden Kapitel ist es möglich, die unter den jeweiligen Modellen sogenannten besten Prädiktoren multivariater Domain-Indikatoren zu berechnen, auch wenn die in die Modelle eingehenden Survey-Schätzwerte partiell fehlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Job Ladder, Human Capital, and the Cost of Job Loss (2022)

    Audoly, Richard ; Pace, Federica De; Fella, Giulio ;

    Zitatform

    Audoly, Richard, Federica De Pace & Giulio Fella (2022): Job Ladder, Human Capital, and the Cost of Job Loss. (Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1043), New York, NY, 48 S.

    Abstract

    "High-tenure workers losing their job experience a large and prolonged fall in wages and earnings. The aim of this paper is to understand and quantify the forces behind this empirical regularity. We propose a structural model of the labor market with (i) on-the-job search, (ii) general human capital, and (iii) firm-specific human capital. Jobs are destroyed at an endogenous rate due to idiosyncratic productivity shocks and the skills of workers depreciate during periods of non-employment. The model is estimated on German Social Security data. By jointly matching moments related to workers’ mobility and wages, the model can replicate the size and persistence of the losses in earnings and wages observed in the data. We find that the loss of a job with a more productive employer is the primary driver of the cumulative wage losses following displacement (about 50 percent), followed by the loss of firm-specific human capital (about 30 percent)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development (2022)

    Bachmann, Ronald ; Uhlendorff, Arne ; Demir, Gökay ; Green, Colin ;

    Zitatform

    Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir, Colin Green & Arne Uhlendorff (2022): The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development. (Ruhr economic papers 975), Essen, 41 S. DOI:10.4419/96973140

    Abstract

    "Wir untersuchen, wie Veränderungen der Aufgabeninhalte im Laufe der Zeit die berufliche Lohnentwicklung beeinflussen. Anhand von Umfragedaten aus Deutschland dokumentieren wir eine erhebliche Heterogenität bei der Veränderung von Aufgabeninhalten innerhalb eines Berufes. Kombiniert man diese Erkenntnisse mit administrativen Daten zu individuellen Beschäftigungsergebnissen über einen Zeitraum von 25 Jahren, so stellt man fest, dass es eine erhebliche Heterogenität in Bezug auf Lohneinbußen bei ursprünglich routineintensiven Tätigkeiten gibt. Während Berufe, die (relativ) routineintensiv bleiben, erhebliche Lohneinbußen mit sich bringen, bleiben die Löhne in Berufen mit abnehmender Routineintensität stabil oder steigen sogar. Diese Ergebnisse lassen sich nicht durch Kompositions- oder Kohorteneffekte erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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    Uhlendorff, Arne ; Demir, Gökay ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit - Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien und der Verdienststrukturerhebung (2022)

    Bachmann, Ronald ; Martínez-Flores, Fernanda; Rulff, Christian ;

    Zitatform

    Bachmann, Ronald, Fernanda Martínez-Flores & Christian Rulff (2022): Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit - Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien und der Verdienststrukturerhebung. (RWI-Materialien 153), Essen, 42 S.

    Abstract

    "Die Lohnlücke zwischen Personen, die innerhalb und außerhalb der Zeitarbeit beschäftigt sind, wird in Deutschland auf Grundlage verschiedener Datensätze berechnet, was teilweise zu sehr unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führt. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit daher anhand zweier Datensätze, den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und der Verdienststrukturerhebung (VSE) des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Hierzu werden zunächst die Statistiken, die auf Basis dieser zwei Datenquellen veröffentlicht werden, miteinander verglichen, und es wird auf mögliche Ursachen für Unterschiede in der Lohnlücke eingegangen. Im Hauptteil der Analyse wird die Lohnlücke auf Basis der Mikrodatensätze mithilfe verschiedener ökonometrischer Verfahren analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass beim Vergleich von öffentlichen Statistiken auf eine Vergleichbarkeit der zugrundeliegenden Stichprobe geachtet werden sollte. Die Lohnlücke bei den Monatslöhnen ist bei Verwendung von IEB-Daten etwas größer als bei VSE-Daten, was auf Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Stichprobe zurückzuführen ist. Die ökonometrische Analyse der Monatslöhne ergibt für beide Datensätze, dass die bereinigte Lohnlücke deutlich geringer ausfällt als die unbereinigte Lohnlücke. Eine zusätzliche Analyse der Stundenlöhne auf Grundlage der VSE zeigt, dass die bereinigte Lohnlücke nahe null liegt. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Arbeitszeit eine wichtige Rolle für die Lohnlücke spielt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit: Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage von BA-Daten und der Verdienststrukturerhebung: Studie für die iGZ-Bundesgeschäftsstelle. Endbericht 04. Mai 2022 (2022)

    Bachmann, Ronald ; Martínez Flores, Fernanda; Rulff, Christian ;

    Zitatform

    Bachmann, Ronald, Fernanda Martínez Flores & Christian Rulff (2022): Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit: Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage von BA-Daten und der Verdienststrukturerhebung. Studie für die iGZ-Bundesgeschäftsstelle. Endbericht 04. Mai 2022. (RWI-Projektbericht), Essen, 64 S.

    Abstract

    "Der Bericht ist wie folgt aufgebaut. In Kapitel 2 wird detailliert dargestellt, wie sich die offiziellen Statistiken der Bundesagentur für Arbeit sowie des Statistischen Bundesamtes hinsichtlich der Höhe der Lohnlücke unterscheiden und wie sich diese Unterschiede erklären lassen. In Kapitel 3 werden eigene deskriptive Ergebnisse basierend auf den Mikrodaten der IEB und der VSE vorgestellt. Hier wird zunächst darauf eingegangen, inwieweit sich Zeitarbeiter/-innen hinsichtlich ihrer beobachtbaren Charakteristika von nicht Zeitarbeiter/-innen unterscheiden. Anschließend werden die Lohnunterschiede basierend auf einer vergleichbaren Stichprobe dargestellt. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf einem Vergleich der Lohnlücke über verschiedene beobachtbare Charakteristika. Kapitel 4 verwendet Regressionsanalysen und Dekompositionsmethoden, um für Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der jeweiligen Stichprobe zu kontrollieren. Zudem werden mithilfe eines Matching-Verfahrens "statistische Zwillinge" gebildet, um die Gruppe der in Zeitarbeit Beschäftigten so vergleichbar wie möglich mit den Beschäftigten außerhalb der Zeitarbeit zu machen. Kapitel 5 enthält die Ergebnisse für die Stundenlöhne auf der Grundlage der VSE-Daten. Kapitel 6 gibt Empfehlungen, wie die Lohnlücke der Zeitarbeiter/-innen in Zukunft sinnvoller berechnet und dargestellt werden kann, um diese über verschiedene Datensätze vergleichbar zu machen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labor Market Polarization, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power (2022)

    Bachmann, Ronald ; Frings, Hanna ; Demir, Gökay ;

    Zitatform

    Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir & Hanna Frings (2022): Labor Market Polarization, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 57, H. S, S. 11-49., 2020-12-31. DOI:10.3368/jhr.monopsony.0219-10011R1

    Abstract

    "Using a semi-structural approach based on a dynamic monopsony model, we examine to what extent workers performing different job tasks are exposed to different degrees of monopsony power, and whether these differences in monopsony power have changed over the last 30 years. We find that workers performing mostly non-routine cognitive tasks are exposed to a higher degree of monopsony power than workers performing routine or non-routine manual tasks. Job-specific human capital and non-pecuniary job characteristics are the most likely explanations for this result. We find no evidence that labor market polarization has increased monopsony power over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))

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    Demir, Gökay ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Der Bauarbeitsmarkt: Soziologie und Ökonomie einer Branche (2022)

    Bosch, Gerhard; Weinkopf, Claudia ; Hüttenhoff, Frederic; Kalina, Thorsten; Kümmerling, Angelika;

    Zitatform

    Bosch, Gerhard & Frederic Hüttenhoff (2022): Der Bauarbeitsmarkt. Soziologie und Ökonomie einer Branche. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl., 346 S. DOI:10.12907/978-3-593-45011-7

    Abstract

    "In der deutschen Bauwirtschaft haben die Sozialpartner in der Nachkriegszeit mit ihren Sozialkassen ein vorbildliches System der Finanzierung der Berufsausbildung und der sozialen Sicherung aufgebaut. Zusätzlich wurde mit dem Saisonkurzarbeitergeld ein arbeitsmarktpolitisches Instrument zur Beschäftigungssicherung entwickelt. Dieses Buch untersucht die Entwicklungen der Bauwirtschaft und ihrer besonderen Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den Versuchen der Sozialpartner und der Politik, die Erosion der bauspezifischen Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen durch Reformen zu verhindern, um auch in Zukunft den Fachkräftebedarf der Branche zu sichern." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Curious Incidence of Monetary Policy Across the Income Distribution (2022)

    Broer, Tobias ; Kramer, John; Mitman, Kurt ;

    Zitatform

    Broer, Tobias, John Kramer & Kurt Mitman (2022): The Curious Incidence of Monetary Policy Across the Income Distribution. (Sveriges Riksbank working paper series 416), Stockholm, 36 S.

    Abstract

    "We use high-frequency administrative data from Germany to study the effects of monetary policy on income and employment across the earnings distribution. Earnings growth at the bottom of the distribution is substantially more elastic to policy shocks. This unequal incidence is driven by differences in the response of employment risk across the distribution: job loss is more countercyclical for lower-earnings households. Viewed through the lens of a standard incomplete-markets model, the heterogeneous incidence substantially amplifies the equilibrium response of aggregate consumption to shocks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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