FDZ-Literatur / FDZ Literature
Die FDZ-Literaturdatenbank umfasst neben Datensatzbeschreibungen und Methodenberichten die zahlreichen Forschungsarbeiten, die auf Basis der am FDZ angebotenen Daten entstanden sind. Hier finden Sie aktuell laufende Projekte von FDZ-Nutzenden.
Darüber hinaus stehen die Literaturdatenbank zum IAB-Betriebspanel sowie die Literaturdatenbank zum PASS zur Verfügung.
Apart from dataset descriptions and methodology reports, the FDZ literature database contains numerous research papers written on the basis of the data provided by the FDZ. Here you can find currently ungoing research projects of FDZ users.
In addition, literature databases on the IAB Establishment Panel and the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) are available for research.
- FDZ Publikationen / FDZ publications
- Arbeiten und Lernen im Wandel / Working and Learning in a Changing World (ALWA)
- BA-Beschäftigtenpanel / BA Employment Panel
- Berufliche Weiterbildung und lebenslanges Lernen (WeLL)/Further Training and Lifelong Learning (WeLL
- Berufstätigenerhebung 1989 (BTE1989) / Employment survey for East Germany (DDR) 1989 (BTE1989)
- Beschäftigtenbefragung "Bonuszahlungen, Lohnzuwächse und Gerechtigkeit" - BLoG
- Betriebsbefragung IAB-IZA-ZEW-Arbeitswelt 4.0 (BIZA) und DiWaBe-Beschäftigtenbefragung
- Biografiedaten dt. Sozialversicherungsträger / Biographical data of social insurances (BASiD)
- Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries - Germany verknüpft mit administrativen Daten des IAB
- Daten der Treuhandanstalt verknüpft mit Betriebs-Historik-Panel (THA-BHP)
- Datensatz NEPS-SC1-ADIAB Neugeborene
- Datensatz NEPS-SC3-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 5
- Datensatz NEPS-SC4-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 9
- Datensatz NEPS-SC5-ADIAB Studierende
- Datensatz NEPS-SC6-ADIAB Erwachsene
- Datensatz SOEP-CMI-ADIAB
- Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen verknüpft mit administrativen Daten des IAB (GAV-ADIAB) 1975-2019
- GAW-IAB-Gründerbefragung
- German Management and Organizational Practices (GMOP) Survey
- IAB-BAMF-SOEP Befragung von Geflüchteten
- IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe / IAB Employment Sample
- IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel / IAB Establishment History Panel
- IAB-Betriebspanel / IAB Establishment Panel
- IAB-Datensatz BeCovid
- IAB-Datensatz HOPP
- IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz (LIAB) / Linked Employer-Employee Data from the IAB
- IAB-Querschnittsbefragung / Cross-sectional survey
- IAB-SOEP Migrationsstichprobe (IAB-SOEP MIG)
- IAB-Stellenerhebung / IAB Job Vacancy Survey
- IZA/IAB Administrativer Evaluationsdatensatz (AED und LED) / IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey
- Kundenbefragung zu Organisationsstrukturen nach SGB II / Client survey on German SGBII-Agencies
- LidA - Leben in der Arbeit
- Linked Inventor Biography Data
- Linked Personnel Panel (LPP)
- Mannheimer Unternehmenspanel (MUP) verknüpft mit Daten des IAB
- Panel Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung (PASS) / Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security
- Stichprobe Integrierter Employer-Employee Daten (SIEED)/Sample of Integrated Employer-Employee Data
- Stichprobe der Integr. Arbeitsmarktbiografien/Sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB)
- Stichprobe der Integrierten Grundsicherungsbiografien (SIG)
- Stichprobe des Administrative Wage and Labor Market Flow Panel (FDZ-AWFP)
- Studie Mentale Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA)
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Literaturhinweis
Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Riphahn, Regina T. & Irakli Sauer (2024): Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17148), Bonn, 54 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990-1999). We compare their wage assimilation to that of ethnic German immigrants from Eastern Bloc countries and international immigrants to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and education. However, these disadvantages were smaller than those of international immigrants, supporting the beneficial role of cultural similarity. The earnings gap relative to West German natives narrowed over time for all immigrants. These findings are robust to controlling for potentially endogenous return migration and labor force participation. Controls for fixed effects reveal that positive assimilation for East German and international immigrants was concentrated among highly educated immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Sauer, Irakli;Ähnliche Treffer
spätere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen in: Labour -
Literaturhinweis
Spatial earnings inequality (2024)
Zitatform
Schluter, Christian & Mark Trede (2024): Spatial earnings inequality. In: Journal of Economic Inequality, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 531-550. DOI:10.1007/s10888-023-09616-3
Abstract
"Earnings inequality in Germany has increased dramatically. Measuring inequality locally at the level of cities annually since 1985, we find that behind this development is the rapidly worsening inequality in the largest cities, driven by increasing earnings polarization. In the cross-section, local earnings inequality rises substantially in city size, and this city-size inequality penalty has increased steadily since 1985, reaching an elasticity of .2 in 2010. Inequality decompositions reveal that overall earnings inequality is almost fully explained by the within-locations component, which in turn is driven by the largest cities. The worsening inequality in the largest cities is amplified by their greater population weight. Examining the local earnings distributions directly reveals that this is due to increasing earnings polarization that is strongest in the largest places. Both upper and lower distributional tails become heavier over time, and are the heaviest in the largest cities. We establish these results using a large and spatially representative administrative data set, and address the top-coding problem in these data using a parametric distribution approach that outperforms standard imputations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Essays über Einkommensdynamiken und -risiken (2024)
Schmal, Friederike;Zitatform
Schmal, Friederike (2024): Essays über Einkommensdynamiken und -risiken. 134 S.
Abstract
"Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es nun, einen Blick auf die Einkommensdynamiken im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu werfen, der einige Besonderheiten aufweist. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die deutsche Wiedervereinigung und die darauf folgenden Umstrukturierungen Anfang der 1990er Jahre oder auch die Globalisierung (Bartels (2014, S. 2)). Zunächst untersuche ich, welche Modellannahmen sich für die Einkommensmodellierung in Deutschland als tragfähig erweisen. Anschließend erfolgt die Einführung eines neuen Absicherungsinstrumentes, das auf Basis von Parametern zu Beginn des Erwerbslebens Assets kreiert, die gegen unerwartete Einkommensrisiken absichern sollen. Abschließend analysiere ich, inwieweit Ausbildungsentscheidungen das zukünftige Einkommen beeinflussen. Dies geschieht mittels der Schätzung kontrafaktischer Einkommenstrajektorien, die einen Vergleich zwischen den Entscheidungsfolgen ermöglichen. Bei all diesen Beiträgen spielen idiosynkratische Einkommensrisiken eine zentrale Rolle. Zur Untersuchung der zuvor genannten Fragestellungen werde ich zwei deutsche Datensätze heranziehen.2 Zum einen sind das Arbeitsmarktdaten von der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB)). Diese dienen zur Analyse der Einkommensmodellierung und -absicherung (Kapitel 2 und 3) und umfassen insgesamt Beobachtungen von mehr als 1.7 Millionen Individuen über einen Zeitraum von über 40 Jahren. Neben der Größe des Datensatzes ist besonders dessen Qualität hervorzuheben. Durch die administrative Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung sind beispielsweise vor allem die Einkommensobservationen besonders verlässlich. Das vierte Kapitel widmet sich der Schätzung kontrafaktischer Einkommensdynamiken in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Ausbildungsentscheidungen im Leben eines Individuums. Um dabei auch kognitive Fähigkeiten berücksichtigen zu können, wechselt die Datengrundlage auf das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP). Auch dieser Datensatz ist mit fast 150 000 Individuen sehr umfangreich und umfasst mehrere Jahrzehnte (wie die SIAB-Daten). Im Gegensatz zu den vorher genutzten administrativen Daten werden in diesem Survey-Datensatz zahlreiche zusätzliche Variablen abgefragt (Schulnoten, selbst eingeschätzter Gesundheitszustand, Bildungshintergrund der Eltern). Allerdings bringen Survey-Daten auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Laut Guvenen, Pistaferri u. a. (2022) gehören dazu unter anderem Probleme mit Messfehlern, eine mangelnde Repräsentativität (insbesondere an den Rändern der Verteilungen), das Ausscheiden von Individuen (sample attrition) und eine kleine Stichprobengröße. In dieser Arbeit wird durch die mehrmalige Ausführung von Datenreinigungs- und Imputationsschritten bei den zwei genutzten Datensätzen jeweils eine hohe Datenqualität erzielt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment (2024)
Zitatform
Thomsen, Stephan L. & Johannes Trunzer (2024): Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. accepted manuscript, S. 1-87. DOI:10.1086/730273
Abstract
"The Bologna Process reformed the German university system by introducing three-year undergraduate degrees. We evaluate the effects on the dual apprenticeship system where 29% of new apprentices are also qualified for university. For identification, we exploit regional and temporal variation in reform adoption, using administrative student and labor market data from 1997 to 2015. The Bologna reform implementation reduced the number of new highly educated apprentices considerably. In particular, clerical apprenticeships were affected. Firms did not substitute with less-educated apprentices, but partly replaced the lower supply of new highly educated apprentices with university graduates in the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Chicago University Press) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen als: IZA discussion paper, 13806Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB-R7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Industry Mix, Local Labor Markets, and the Incidence of Trade Shocks (2024)
Zitatform
Yi, Moises, Steffen Müller & Jens Stegmaier (2024): Industry Mix, Local Labor Markets, and the Incidence of Trade Shocks. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 837-875., 2023-02-07. DOI:10.1086/724569
Abstract
"We analyze how skill transferability and the local industry mix affect the adjustment costs of workers hit by a trade shock. Using German administrative data and novel measures of economic distance we construct an index of labor market absorptiveness that captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry are able to reallocate into other jobs. Among manufacturing workers, we find that the earnings loss associated with increased import exposure is much higher for those who live in the least absorptive regions. We conclude that the local industry composition plays an important role in the adjustment processes of workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of modeling decisions in statistical profiling (2023)
Zitatform
Bach, Ruben L., Christoph Kern, Hannah Mautner & Frauke Kreuter (2023): The impact of modeling decisions in statistical profiling. In: Data & Policy, Jg. 5. DOI:10.1017/dap.2023.29
Abstract
"Statistical profiling of job seekers is an attractive option to guide the activities of public employment services. Many hope that algorithms will improve both efficiency and effectiveness of employment services’ activities that are so far often based on human judgment. Against this backdrop, we evaluate regression and machine-learning models for predicting job-seekers’ risk of becoming long-term unemployed using German administrative labor market data. While our models achieve competitive predictive performance, we show that training an accurate prediction model is just one element in a series of design and modeling decisions, each having notable effects that span beyond predictive accuracy. We observe considerable variation in the cases flagged as high risk across models, highlighting the need for systematic evaluation and transparency of the full prediction pipeline if statistical profiling techniques are to be implemented by employment agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Cambridge University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)
Bauluz, Luis; Breau, Sébastien ; Bukowski, Pawel; Lee, Neil ; Lee, Annie; Malgouyres, Clément ; Novokmet, Filip; Fransham, Mark ; López Forero, Margarita; Verdugo, Gregory ; Schularick, Moritz;Zitatform
Bauluz, Luis, Pawel Bukowski, Mark Fransham, Annie Lee, Margarita López Forero, Filip Novokmet, Sébastien Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (World Inequality Lab - Working Paper 2023/14), Paris, 44 S.
Abstract
"The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase. Whilst common global social, economic and technological shocks are important drivers of spatial inequality, this variation in levels and trends of spatial inequality opens the way to comparative research exploring the role of national institutions in mediating how global shocks translate into economic disparities between places." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)
Bauluz, Luis; Novokmet, Filip; Breau, S.; Bukowski, P.; Lee, Neil ; Lee, A.; Malgouyres, Clément ; López Forero, M.; Fransham, M.; Verdugo, Gregory ; Schularick, Moritz;Zitatform
Bauluz, Luis, P. Bukowski, M. Fransham, A. Lee, M. López Forero, Filip Novokmet, S. Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (Kiel working paper / Kiel Institut für Weltwirtschaft (IfW) - Leibniz Zentrum zur Erforschung Globaler Ökonomischer Herausforderungen 2253), Kiel, 44 S.
Abstract
"The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase. Whilst common global social, economic and technological shocks are important drivers of spatial inequality, this variation in levels and trends of spatial inequality opens the way to comparative research exploring the role of national institutions in mediating how global shocks translate into economic disparities between places." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
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Literaturhinweis
Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)
Bauluz, Luis; Lee, Annie; Novokmet, Filip; Schularick, Moritz; Breau, Sébastien ; López Forero, Margarita; Lee, Neil ; Fransham, Mark ; Malgouyres, Clément ; Bukowski, Pawel; Verdugo, Gregory ;Zitatform
Bauluz, Luis, Pawel Bukowski, Mark Fransham, Annie Lee, Margarita López Forero, Filip Novokmet, Sébastien Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 18381), London, 44 S.
Abstract
"The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019 (2023)
Bauluz, Luis; Lee, Neil ; Breau, Sébastien ; Verdugo, Gregory ; Bukowski, Pawel; Novokmet, Filip; Malgouyres, Clément ; López Forero, Margarita; Schularick, Moritz; Lee, Annie; Fransham, Mark ;Zitatform
Bauluz, Luis, Pawel Bukowski, Mark Fransham, Annie Lee, Margarita López Forero, Filip Novokmet, Sébastien Breau, Neil Lee, Clément Malgouyres, Moritz Schularick & Gregory Verdugo (2023): Spatial Wage Inequality in North America and Western Europe: Changes Between and Within Local Labour Markets 1975-2019. (LSE International Inequalities Institute. Working paper 98), London, 44 S.
Abstract
"The rise of economic inequalities in advanced economies has been often linked with the growth of spatial inequalities within countries, yet there is limited comparative research that studies the relationship between national and subnational economic inequality. This paper presents the first systematic attempt to create internationally comparable evidence showing how different countries perform in terms of geographic wage inequalities. We create cross-country comparable measures of spatial wage disparities between and within similarly-defined local labour market areas (LLMAs) for Canada, France, (West) Germany, the UK and the US since the 1970s, and assess their contribution to national inequality. By the end of the 2010s, spatial inequalities in LLMA mean wages are similar in Canada, France, Germany and the UK; the US exhibits the highest degree of spatial inequality. Over the study period, spatial inequalities have nearly doubled in all countries, except for France where spatial inequalities have fallen back to 1970s levels. Due to a concomitant increase in within-place inequality, the contribution of places in explaining national wage inequality has remained fairly constant over the 40-year study period, except in the UK where we document a significant increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
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Literaturhinweis
Subsidized small jobs and maternal labor market outcomes in the long run (2023)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2023): Subsidized small jobs and maternal labor market outcomes in the long run. (LASER discussion papers 148), Erlangen, S. 56.
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether incentives generated by public policies contribute to motherhood penalties. Specifically, we study the consequences of subsidized small jobs, the German Minijobs, which are frequently taken up by first-time mothers upon labor market return. Using a combination of propensity score matching and an event study applied to administrative data, we compare the long-run child penalties of mothers who started out in a Minijob employment versus unsubsidized employment or non-employment after birth. We find persistent differences between the Minijobbers and otherwise employed mothers up to 10 years after the first birth, which suggests adverse unintended consequences of the small jobs subsidy program for maternal earnings and pensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lifetime consequences of lost instructional time in the classroom: Evidence from shortened school years (2023)
Cygan-Rehm, Kamila;Zitatform
Cygan-Rehm, Kamila (2023): Lifetime consequences of lost instructional time in the classroom: Evidence from shortened school years. In: Verein für Socialpolitik (Hrsg.) (2023): Growth and the "sociale Frage". Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2023.
Abstract
"This study estimates the lifetime effects of lost instructional time in the classroom on labor market performance. For identification, I use historical shifts in the school year schedule in Germany, which substantially shortened the duration of the affected school years with no adjustments in the core curriculum. The lost in-school instruction was mainly compensated for by assigning additional homework. Applying a difference-in-differences design to social security records, I find adverse effects of the policy on earnings and employment over nearly the entire occupational career. Unfavorable impacts on human capital are a plausible mechanism behind the deteriorated labor market outcomes." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Employment and Reallocation Effects of Higher Minimum Wages (2023)
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz;Zitatform
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz (2023): Employment and Reallocation Effects of Higher Minimum Wages. (CESifo working paper 10412), München, 64 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the employment and reallocation effects of minimum wages in Germany in a search-and-matching model with endogenous job search effort and vacancy posting, multiple employment levels, a progressive tax-transfer system, and worker and firm heterogeneity. I find that minimum wages up to 70% of the median wage significantly increase productivity, hours worked and output without reducing employment. In frictional labor markets, however, reallocation takes time whenever the minimum wage cuts deep into the wage distribution. I show that gradually implementing a high minimum wage is necessary to avoid elevated unemployment rates during the transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial Intelligence, Tasks, Skills and Wages: Worker-Level Evidence from Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Engberg, Erik, Michael Koch, Magnus Lodefalk & Sarah Schroeder (2023): Artificial Intelligence, Tasks, Skills and Wages: Worker-Level Evidence from Germany. (Ratio working paper 371), Stockholm, 55 S.
Abstract
"This paper documents novel facts on within-occupation task and skill changes over the past two decades in Germany. In a second step, it reveals a distinct relationship between occupational work content and exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and automation (robots). Workers in occupations with high AI exposure, perform different activities and face different skill requirements, compared to workers in occupations ex- posed to robots. In a third step, the study uses individual labor market biographies to investigate the impact on wages between 2010 and 2017. Results indicate a wage growth premium in occupations more exposed to AI, contrasting with a wage growth discount in occupations exposed to robots. Finally, the study further explores the dynamic in- fluence of AI exposure on individual wages over time, uncovering positive associations with wages, with nuanced variations across occupational groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Technological Change on Immigration and Immigrants (2023)
Zitatform
Giesing, Yvonne (2023): The Impact of Technological Change on Immigration and Immigrants. (CESifo working paper 10876), München, S.46.
Abstract
"We study the effects of technological change on immigration flows as well as the labor market outcomes of migrants versus natives. We analyze and compare the effects of two different automation technologies: Industrial robots and artificial intelligence. We exploit data provided by the Industrial Federation of Robotics as well as online job vacancy data on Germany, a highly automated economy and the main destination for migrants in Europe. We apply an instrumental variable strategy and identify how robots decrease the wage of migrants across all skill groups, while neither having a significant impact on the native population nor immigration flows. In the case of AI, we determine an increase in the wage gap as well as the unemployment gap of migrant and native populations. This applies to the low-, medium- and high-skilled and is indicative of migrants facing displacement effects, while natives might benefit from productivity and complementarity effects. In addition, AI leads to a significant inflow of immigrants. Policymakers should devote special attention to the migration population when designing mitigation policies in response to technological change to avoid further increases in inequality between migrants and natives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working Longer, Working Stronger? The Forward-Looking Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age on (Un)employment Behaviour (2023)
Gohl, Niklas;Zitatform
Gohl, Niklas (2023): Working Longer, Working Stronger? The Forward-Looking Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age on (Un)employment Behaviour. (CEPA discussion papers / Center for Economic Policy Analysis 63), Potsdam, 62 S.
Abstract
"Leveraging two cohort-specific pension reforms, this paper estimates the forward-looking effects of an exogenous increase in the working horizon on (un)employment behaviour for individuals with a long remaining statutory working life. Using difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches based on administrative and survey data, I show that a longer legal working horizon increases individuals' subjective expectations about the length of their work life, raises the probability of employment, decreases the probability of unemployment, and increases the intensity of job search among the unemployed. Heterogeneity analyses show that the demonstrated employment effects are strongest for women and in occupations with comparatively low physical intensity, i.e., occupations that can be performed at older ages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: BSE Discussion Papers -
Literaturhinweis
Gender-Atypical Learning Experiences of Men Reduce Occupational Sex Segregation: Evidence From the Suspension of the Civilian Service in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Hamjediers, Maik (2023): Gender-Atypical Learning Experiences of Men Reduce Occupational Sex Segregation: Evidence From the Suspension of the Civilian Service in Germany. In: Gender & Society, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 524-552. DOI:10.1177/08912432231177650
Abstract
"Occupational sex segregation persists in part because men seldom enter female-dominated occupations. Whereas programs providing women with gender-atypical learning experiences aim to increase female representation in male-dominated domains, similar programs for men—despite their potential to counteract the prevailing lack of men in female-dominated occupations—are rare. In this paper, I investigate whether men’s gender-atypical learning experiences affect their likelihood of entering female-dominated occupations by studying the effect of participation in Germany’s civilian service. The civilian service offered a social-sector alternative to compulsory military service, and its suspension in 2011 induced exogenous variation in men’s gender-atypical learning experiences. Combining register data from Germany’s social security system with data from the German Microcensus shows that men’s likelihood of entering the labor market in female-dominated occupations declined by about 21 percent when the civilian service was suspended. Scaling the estimate by participation in the civilian service indicates that having completed the civilian service increased men’s likelihood of entering female-dominated occupations by about 12 percentage points. This illustrates that programs exposing men to gender-atypical learning experiences can promote occupational integration and could “unstall” the gender revolution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7519.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Public child care and mothers' career trajectories (2023)
Huber, Katrin; Rolvering, Geske;Zitatform
Huber, Katrin & Geske Rolvering (2023): Public child care and mothers' career trajectories. (CEPA discussion papers / Center for Economic Policy Analysis 64), Potsdam, 33 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of public child care on mothers' career trajectories. To this end, we combine county-level data on child care coverage with detailed individual-level information from the German social security records and exploit a set of German reforms leading to a substantial temporal and spatial variation in child care coverage for children under the age of three. We conduct an event study approach that investigates the labor market outcomes of mothers in the years around the birth of their first child. We thereby explore career trajectories, both in terms of quantity and quality of employment. We find that public child care improves maternal labor supply in the years immediately following childbirth. However, the results on quality-related outcomes suggest that the effect of child care provision does not reach far beyond pure employment effects. These results do not change for mothers with different 'career costs of children'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss (2023)
Jarosch, Gregor;Zitatform
Jarosch, Gregor (2023): Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss. In: Econometrica, Jg. 91, H. 3, S. 903-942. DOI:10.3982/ECTA14008
Abstract
"Job loss comes with large present value earnings losses which elude workhorse models of unemployment and labor market policy. I propose a parsimonious model of a frictional labor market in which jobs differ in terms of unemployment risk and workers search off- and on-the-job. This gives rise to a job ladder with slippery bottom rungs where unemployment spells beget unemployment spells. I allow for human capital to respond to time spent out of work and estimate the framework on German Social Security data. The model captures the joint response of wages, employment, and unemployment risk to job loss which I measure empirically. The key driver of the “unemployment scar” is the loss in job security and its interaction with the evolution of human capital and, in particular, the search for better employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies (2023)
Zitatform
Jung, Philip, Philipp Korfmann & Edgar Preugschat (2023): Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 152. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104318
Abstract
"We document large and persistent spatial dispersion in unemployment rates, vacancies, labor market tightness, labor market flows, and wages for Germany on a granular regional level. We find that both differences in inflows into and in outflows from unemployment are important for accounting for the regional dispersion in unemployment rates. Within a search- and matching model with risk-averse agents, moral hazard, endogenous separations and free mobility we show that an optimal policy response to labor market dispersion requires a place-based tax and unemployment insurance system together with place-based policies conditioning on labor market flows. We allow regions to differ along multiple dimensions and characterize the trade-offs between insurance, regional redistribution and efficiency quantitatively. We find that for Germany a move towards an optimal place-based tax system that explicitly conditions on regional characteristics could lead to sizeable welfare and employment gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Value of Early-Career Skills (2023)
Zitatform
Langer, Christina & Simon Wiederhold (2023): The Value of Early-Career Skills. (CESifo working paper 10288), München: CESifo, 66 S.
Abstract
"We develop novel measures of early-career skills that are more detailed, comprehensive, and labor-market-relevant than existing skill proxies. We exploit that skill requirements of apprenticeships in Germany are codified in state-approved, nationally standardized apprenticeship plans. These plans provide more than 13,000 different skills and the exact duration of learning each skill. Following workers over their careers in administrative data, we find that cognitive, social, and digital skills acquired during apprenticeship are highly – yet differently – rewarded. We also document rising returns to digital and social skills since the 1990s, with a more moderate increase in returns to cognitive skills." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
A single risk approach to the semiparametric competing risks model with parametric Archimedean risk dependence (2023)
Zitatform
Lo, Ming Sum Simon & Ralf A. Wilke (2023): A single risk approach to the semiparametric competing risks model with parametric Archimedean risk dependence. In: Journal of Multivariate Analysis. DOI:10.1016/j.jmva.2023.105276
Abstract
"This paper considers a dependent competing risks model with the distribution of one risk being a semiparametric proportional hazards model, whereas the model for the other risks and the degree of risk dependence of an Archimedean copula are unknown. Identifiability is shown when there is at least one covariate with at least two values. Estimation is done by means of a -consistent semiparametric two-step procedure. Applicability and attractive finite sample performance are demonstrated with the help of simulations. An application to unemployment duration confirms the importance of estimating rather than assuming risk dependence." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Child Penalty Estimation and Mothers' Age at First Birth (2023)
Melentyeva, Valentina; Riedel, Lukas;Zitatform
Melentyeva, Valentina & Lukas Riedel (2023): Child Penalty Estimation and Mothers' Age at First Birth. (ECONtribute discussion paper 266), Köln ; Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"Motherhood continues to pose significant challenges to women's careers, and a correct assessment of its effects is crucial for understanding the persistent gender inequality in the labor market. We show that the prevalent approach to estimate post-birth earnings losses – so called “child penalties” – is prone to yield substantially biased results. We demonstrate that the biases stem from conventional event studies pooling together first-time mothers of all ages, without considering their distinct characteristics and the varying impact of motherhood. To address the biases, we propose a novel approach that accounts for the heterogeneity by building upon recent advancements in the econometric literature on difference-in-differences models. Applying it to administrative data from Germany, we demonstrate that considering heterogeneity by maternal age at birth is crucial for both methodological correctness and a deeper understanding of gender inequality. Our approach yields substantially larger estimates of earnings losses after childbirth (by 20 percent), indicating that the costs of motherhood and related gender gaps in Germany are even larger than previously thought. Moreover, we demonstrate that effects and their interpretation differ significantly depending on maternal age at birth. We show that younger first-time mothers experience larger career costs of motherhood, as they miss out on the phase of the most rapid career progression." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Retirement in Western Germany - How Workplace Tasks Influence Its Timing (2023)
Zitatform
Mertens, Antje & Laura Romeu-Gordo (2023): Retirement in Western Germany - How Workplace Tasks Influence Its Timing. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 37, H. 2, S. 467-485. DOI:10.1177/09500170211011330
Abstract
"In this article, task data from the German Qualification and Career Survey (BIBB/IAB) is matched against the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) to investigate what patterns are discernible in retirement between 1985 and 2005 in Western Germany. Set against a background of pension reforms and substantial structural change, the article asks whether the nature of occupational tasks has any significant effect on the timing of retirement. Through the use of event history analysis, the article reveals that having a large percentage of routine manual tasks in one’s job is associated with a greater likelihood of a job holder leaving employment, while having medium to high percentages of non-routine manual tasks in one’s job will tend to decrease that likelihood. There is also evidence that holding a job that includes a medium to high concentration of analytical and interactive tasks will tend to reduce the likelihood of early retirement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational Reallocation Within and Across Firms: Implications for labor-market polarization (2023)
Zitatform
Mukoyama, Toshihiko, Naoki Takayama & Satoshi Tanaka (2023): Occupational Reallocation Within and Across Firms: Implications for labor-market polarization. (RIETI discussion paper 23051), Tokyo, 54 S.
Abstract
"This study analyzes how labor-market frictions interact with firms' decisions to reallocate workers across different occupations during labor-market polarization. We compare the patterns of occupational reallocation within and across firms in the United States and Germany in recent years. We find that within-firm reallocation contributes significantly to the decline in employment in routine occupations in Germany, but much less in the United States. We construct a general equilibrium model of firm dynamics and find that the model with different firing taxes can replicate the difference in firm-level adjustment patterns across these countries. We conduct two counterfactual experiments, highlighting the different roles played by the within-firm cost of reorganizing occupational mix and across-firm frictions created by firing taxes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Hedging Potential of Occupational and Regional Wage Indices (2023)
Zitatform
Schmal, Friederike & Mark Matthias Trede (2023): Hedging Potential of Occupational and Regional Wage Indices. In: Journal of Income Distribution. DOI:10.25071/1874-6322.40478
Abstract
"This article suggests a readily implementable approach to hedging occupational and regional wage risks. We show that currently available administrative data of the German social security system can be aggregated into indices of occupational and regional wage levels. We define assets with payouts dependent on the occupational and/or regional wage development of a cohort. If such assets had been available in the past, annual and lifetime income inequality could have been reduced, and individual income volatility would have been smaller. By construction, there are no moral hazard problems, and the incentives to move jobs or regions are not affected. We conclude that introducing these hedging instruments could mitigate income shocks to some degree without case-by-case interference from politicians and without detrimental effects on labour allocation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, ©AD LIBROS PUBLICATIONS INC) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies Regional File (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Schmucker, Alexandra & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies Regional File (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 07/2023 (en)), Nürnberg, 85 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2307.en.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt das „Regionalfile“ der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. Der Datensatz stellt die faktisch anonymisierte Version der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) dar und wird nach Abschluss eines Nutzungsvertrages mit dem IAB an Forschungseinrichtungen übermittelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
also released in EnglishWeiterführende Informationen
Frequencies and labels -
Literaturhinweis
Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975-2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Schmucker, Alexandra, Stefan Seth & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975-2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 02/2023 (de)), Nürnberg, 82 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2302.de.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt die Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975 - 2021." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
also released in EnglishWeiterführende Informationen
Auszählungen -
Literaturhinweis
Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) 1975-2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Schmucker, Alexandra, Stefan Seth & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) 1975-2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 02/2023 (en)), Nürnberg, 81 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2302.de.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt die Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975 - 2021." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
auch deutschsprachig erschienenWeiterführende Informationen
Frequencies and labels -
Literaturhinweis
Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021 (2023)
Zitatform
Schmucker, Alexandra & Philipp Vom Berge (2023): Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. (FDZ-Datenreport 07/2023 (de)), Nürnberg, 83 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2307.de.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt das „Regionalfile“ der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2021. Der Datensatz stellt die faktisch anonymisierte Version der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) dar und wird nach Abschluss eines Nutzungsvertrages mit dem IAB an Forschungseinrichtungen übermittelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
also released in EnglishWeiterführende Informationen
Auszählungen -
Literaturhinweis
Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance (2023)
Zitatform
Schulz, Bastian & Fabian Siuda (2023): Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 36, H. 4, S. 2277-2308. DOI:10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1
Abstract
"This paper examines how changes in household-level risk sharing affect the marriage market. We use as our laboratory a German unemployment insurance (UI) reform that tightened means-testing based on the partner’s income. The reduced generosity of UI increased the demand for household-level risk sharing, which lowered the attractiveness of individuals exposed to unemployment risk. Because unemployment risk correlates with non-German nationality, our main finding is that the UI reform led to a decrease in intermarriage. The 2004 expansion of the European Union had a comparable effect on intermarriage for the affected nationalities. Both reforms increased marital stability, which is consistent with better selection by couples." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wechseln von Digitalisierung betroffene Beschäftigte häufiger den Betrieb oder in Arbeitslosigkeit? (2023)
Seele, Stefanie; Stettes, Oliver;Zitatform
Seele, Stefanie & Oliver Stettes (2023): Wechseln von Digitalisierung betroffene Beschäftigte häufiger den Betrieb oder in Arbeitslosigkeit? In: IW-Trends, Jg. 50, H. 4, S. 3-21. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.23-04-01
Abstract
"Die Sorge, ein steigender Technologieeinsatz im Berufsalltag könnte zu Arbeitsplatzverlusten führen, scheint bislang unbegründet. Eine Analyse von Mobilitätsprozessen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigter in einer repräsentativen 2-Prozent-Stichprobe von Prozessdaten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (SIAB) verdeutlicht für die Jahre 2012 bis 2021, dass stark von Digitalisierungstechnologien betroffene Berufssegmente eine deutlich höhere Beschäftigungsstabilität und messbar seltenere Arbeitslosigkeitszugänge zeigten. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für Beschäftigte in potenziell besonders leicht durch neue Technologien substituierbaren Berufen als auch für Beschäftigte in Digitalisierungsberufen mit besonders vielen komplementären Tätigkeiten und Kompetenzen zu den neuen Technologien. Vier von fünf Personen, die 2012 sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt waren, blieben in den neun Folgejahren beim selben Arbeitgeber. Den Betrieb wechselten knapp 10 Prozent in einem Beruf mit hohem Substituierbarkeitspotenzial und fast 9 Prozent in einem ausgeprägten Digitalisierungsberuf. Gleichzeitig wurden Personen beider Berufssegmente seltener arbeitslos als ihre Vergleichsgruppen. Betriebsspezifisches Kapital könnte hierfür ursächlich sein. Beschäftigte mit hohem Substituierbarkeitspotenzial des Berufs könnten von Betriebsbeteiligungen an Investitionen in betriebsspezifisches Humankapital profitieren. Beschäftigte mit ausgeprägten Digitalisierungsberufen könnten durch betriebsspezifisches Organisationskapital gebunden sein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7521.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
A guide to preparing the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB, version 7519 v1) for scientific analysis (2023)
Zitatform
Stüber, Heiko, Wolfgang Dauth & Johann Eppelsheimer (2023): A guide to preparing the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB, version 7519 v1) for scientific analysis. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, S. 1-11., 2023-01-12. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00335-w
Abstract
"The Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) is the most frequently requested data set provided by the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). However, preparing the SIAB for scientifc analysis is a complicated and error-prone task. This article explains steps necessary to prepare the latest version of the SIAB (7519 v1) and gives examples of how the preparation can be done. Among other things, it shows how to impute right-censored wages, deal with parallel employment episodes, and clean up the data set. The supplementary material to this article contains extensively annotated Stata do-files to replicate our data preparation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A tale of two data sets: comparing German administrative and survey data using wage inequality as an example (2023)
Zitatform
Stüber, Heiko, Markus M. Grabka & Daniel D. Schnitzlein (2023): A tale of two data sets: comparing German administrative and survey data using wage inequality as an example. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, S. 1-18., 2023-02-21. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00336-9
Abstract
"The IAB’s Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) and the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) are the two data sets most commonly used to analyze wage inequality in Germany. While the SIAB is based on administrative reports by employers to the social security system, the SOEP is a survey data set in which respondents self-report their wages. Both data sources have their specific advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study is to describe and compare the evolution of wage inequality for these two types of data. For this purpose, different sample restrictions are applied. The comparison without any harmonization of the data shows different levels and trends. When the information is largely harmonized, comparable trends and similar levels emerge." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2021 - Programming examples for Stata (2023)
Zitatform
Vom Berge, Philipp & Alexandra Schmucker (2023): Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2021 - Programming examples for Stata. (FDZ-Methodenreport 03/2023 (en)), Nürnberg, 14 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZM.2303.en.v1
Abstract
"Der vorliegende FDZ-Methodenreport (einschließlich der Programmierbeispiele für Stata) beschreibt die Erstellung von Querschnittdaten auf Basis der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (Version 1975-2021) zu frei wählbaren Stichtagen. Zudem werden die Generierung von biografischen Merkmalen und das Vorgehen, das Sonderzahlungen und die da-zugehörigen Tagesentgelte aufsummiert, erläutert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Stata do-files -
Literaturhinweis
A correction procedure for the working hours variable in the IAB employee history (2023)
Zitatform
Vom Berge, Philipp, Matthias Umkehrer & Susanne Wanger (2023): A correction procedure for the working hours variable in the IAB employee history. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, 2023-01-01. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00331-0
Abstract
"Administrative labour market data for Germany do not contain detailed information on working hours. This poses a serious challenge for many empirical research questions. Between 2010 and 2014, however, it is possible to merge a supplementary data source containing information on working hours reported by employers for each job to the German Social Accident Insurances. One complicating factor is that employers were allowed to report actual working hours, contractual working hours or a full-time worker reference value, and it is not obvious from the data which re-porting scheme was actually used. In this report, we describe this supplementary data source and propose a correction procedure that maps all data entries so that they uniformly reflect contractual working time. After this correction, the distribution of contractual weekly working hours in the combined administrative labour market data closely resembles the distribution from the German Structural Earnings Survey." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Population aggregates from administrative data samples – how good are they? (2023)
Zitatform
Vom Berge, Philipp (2023): Population aggregates from administrative data samples – how good are they? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57, S. 1-10., 2023-01-16. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00334-x
Abstract
"Researchers regularly use administrative micro-data samples to approximate subgroup aggregates from the full population. In this paper, I argue that the most commonly used method to do this is often not optimal. I outline some alternatives and compare their relative performance in selected cases. I also discuss the efect of statistical disclosure control on the aggregated data and how researchers can reduce bias resulting from censoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Model-Based Prediction and Estimation Using Incomplete Survey Data (2023)
Wölwer, Anna-Lena;Zitatform
Wölwer, Anna-Lena (2023): Model-Based Prediction and Estimation Using Incomplete Survey Data. XIX, 223 S. DOI:10.25353/ubtr-xxxx-25a6-5f2c
Abstract
"Survey Daten können unter verschiedensten Blickwinkeln als unvollständig bzw. als partiell fehlend angesehen werden und es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, mit diesen Daten in der Prädiktion und Schätzung interessierender volkswirtschaftlicher Größen umzugehen. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei ausgewählte Forschungskontexte vorgestellt, in denen die Prädiktion bzw. Schätzung unter unvollständigen Survey Daten untersucht wird. Diese Kontexte sind zum einen die Untersuchung zusammengesetzter Schätzer im deutschen Mikrozensus (Kapitel 3 und 4) und zum anderen Erweiterungen multivariater Fay-Herriot (MFH) Modelle (Kapitel 5 und 6), die bei Small Area Problemen Anwendung finden. Zusammengesetzte Schätzer sind Schätzmethoden, die die Stichprobenüberlappung in rotierenden Panel Surveys wie dem deutschen Mikrozensus zur Stabilisierung der Schätzung interessierender Größen (z.B. Erwerbsstatistiken) nutzen. Durch die partiellen Stichprobenüberlappungen in rotierenden Panel Surveys liegen immer nur für einen Teil der Befragten Informationen aus vorangegangenen Erhebungen vor. Die resultierenden Daten sind damit partiell fehlend. MFH Modelle sind modellbasierte Schätzmethoden, die mit aggregierten Survey Daten arbeiten, um im Vergleich zu klassischen Schätzmethoden präzisere Schätzergebnisse für Small Area Probleme zu erhalten. In den Modellen werden mehrere interessierende Größen gleichzeitig modelliert. Die Survey-Schätzwerte dieser Größen, die in MFH Modelle als Input eingehen, sind häufig partiell fehlend. Wenn die interessierenden Domains nicht explizit im Stichprobendesign berücksichtigt wurden, kann es sein, dass die Größe der Stichprobe, die auf sie entfällt, so klein ist, dass entweder gar keine Schätzwerte berechnet werden können oder aber die Schätzwerte von statistischen Ämtern nicht veröffentlicht werden, da ihre Varianzen zu groß ist. Nach einem Überblick zu theoretischen und methodischen Grundlagen der Survey Statistik in Kapitel 2 stellt Kapitel 3 die Generierung eines Längsschnittdatensatz vor, auf Basis dessen in Kapitel 4 designbasierte Simulationsstudien zum Einsatz von zusammengesetzten Schätzern im Mikrozensus durchgeführt werden. Für diese Studien wird ein Längsschnittdatensatz mit monatlichen Erwerbsinformationen benötigt, der die deutsche Wohnbevölkerung abbildet. Auf Grundlage des SIAB Datensatzes werden Prädiktionsmodelle für monatliche Erwerbsübergänge geschätzt, mit denen monatliche Erwerbsinformationen im RIFOSS Datensatz, einem halb-synthetischen Querschnittdatensatz der deutschen Wohnbevölkerung, generiert werden. Für die Prädiktionsmodelle werden mehrere generalisierte additive Modelle, die jeweils auf Substichproben der aufbereiteten SIAB Daten geschätzt werden (Subagging), zu optimal gewichteten Ensemble Modellen (Stacking) verbunden. In der Optimierung der Ensemble Gewichte wird eine in diesem Kapitel vorgestellte Erweiterung des Brier Scores verwendet. In Kapitel 4 wird der Einsatz von zusammengesetzten Schätzern für Erwerbsstatistiken im deutschen Mikrozensus untersucht. Das Design des deutschen Mikrozensus wurde 2020 wesentlichen Änderungen unterzogen, welche neue Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz dieser Schätzmethoden schaffen. In dem Kapitel wird analysiert, welche Einsatzmöglichkeiten sich für zusammengesetzte Schätzer aus dem neuen Mikrozensus Design ergeben. Beispielsweise bieten sich verschiedene Stichprobenüberlappungen zu vorangegangenen Zeitpunkten für die Nutzung in den zusammengesetzten Schätzern an. Zusätzlich werden Anpassungen der Formeln der zusammengesetzten Schätzer für die sich aus dem Mikrozensus Design ergebenden regional heterogenen Stichprobenüberlappungen vorgestellt. In einer designbasierten Simulationsstudie, deren Basis der in Kapitel 3 erstellte Datensatz ist, wird die Performanz der angepassten Methoden unter verschiedenen Sets an Stichprobenüberlappungen für verschiedene Erwerbsstatistiken verglichen. Im Fokus von Kapitel 5 und 6 stehen unvollständige aggregierte Survey-Schätzwerte, die zur Small Area Schätzung in MFH Modellen verwendet werden. Mit den Beiträgen der beiden Kapitel ist es möglich, die unter den jeweiligen Modellen sogenannten besten Prädiktoren multivariater Domain-Indikatoren zu berechnen, auch wenn die in die Modelle eingehenden Survey-Schätzwerte partiell fehlen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Job Ladder, Human Capital, and the Cost of Job Loss (2022)
Zitatform
Audoly, Richard, Federica De Pace & Giulio Fella (2022): Job Ladder, Human Capital, and the Cost of Job Loss. (Staff reports / Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1043), New York, NY, 48 S.
Abstract
"High-tenure workers losing their job experience a large and prolonged fall in wages and earnings. The aim of this paper is to understand and quantify the forces behind this empirical regularity. We propose a structural model of the labor market with (i) on-the-job search, (ii) general human capital, and (iii) firm-specific human capital. Jobs are destroyed at an endogenous rate due to idiosyncratic productivity shocks and the skills of workers depreciate during periods of non-employment. The model is estimated on German Social Security data. By jointly matching moments related to workers’ mobility and wages, the model can replicate the size and persistence of the losses in earnings and wages observed in the data. We find that the loss of a job with a more productive employer is the primary driver of the cumulative wage losses following displacement (about 50 percent), followed by the loss of firm-specific human capital (about 30 percent)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit - Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien und der Verdienststrukturerhebung (2022)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Fernanda Martínez-Flores & Christian Rulff (2022): Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit - Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage der Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien und der Verdienststrukturerhebung. (RWI-Materialien 153), Essen, 42 S.
Abstract
"Die Lohnlücke zwischen Personen, die innerhalb und außerhalb der Zeitarbeit beschäftigt sind, wird in Deutschland auf Grundlage verschiedener Datensätze berechnet, was teilweise zu sehr unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führt. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit daher anhand zweier Datensätze, den Integrierten Erwerbsbiografien (IEB) des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und der Verdienststrukturerhebung (VSE) des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Hierzu werden zunächst die Statistiken, die auf Basis dieser zwei Datenquellen veröffentlicht werden, miteinander verglichen, und es wird auf mögliche Ursachen für Unterschiede in der Lohnlücke eingegangen. Im Hauptteil der Analyse wird die Lohnlücke auf Basis der Mikrodatensätze mithilfe verschiedener ökonometrischer Verfahren analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass beim Vergleich von öffentlichen Statistiken auf eine Vergleichbarkeit der zugrundeliegenden Stichprobe geachtet werden sollte. Die Lohnlücke bei den Monatslöhnen ist bei Verwendung von IEB-Daten etwas größer als bei VSE-Daten, was auf Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Stichprobe zurückzuführen ist. Die ökonometrische Analyse der Monatslöhne ergibt für beide Datensätze, dass die bereinigte Lohnlücke deutlich geringer ausfällt als die unbereinigte Lohnlücke. Eine zusätzliche Analyse der Stundenlöhne auf Grundlage der VSE zeigt, dass die bereinigte Lohnlücke nahe null liegt. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Arbeitszeit eine wichtige Rolle für die Lohnlücke spielt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development (2022)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir, Colin Green & Arne Uhlendorff (2022): The Role of Within-Occupation Task Changes in Wage Development. (Ruhr economic papers 975), Essen, 41 S. DOI:10.4419/96973140
Abstract
"Wir untersuchen, wie Veränderungen der Aufgabeninhalte im Laufe der Zeit die berufliche Lohnentwicklung beeinflussen. Anhand von Umfragedaten aus Deutschland dokumentieren wir eine erhebliche Heterogenität bei der Veränderung von Aufgabeninhalten innerhalb eines Berufes. Kombiniert man diese Erkenntnisse mit administrativen Daten zu individuellen Beschäftigungsergebnissen über einen Zeitraum von 25 Jahren, so stellt man fest, dass es eine erhebliche Heterogenität in Bezug auf Lohneinbußen bei ursprünglich routineintensiven Tätigkeiten gibt. Während Berufe, die (relativ) routineintensiv bleiben, erhebliche Lohneinbußen mit sich bringen, bleiben die Löhne in Berufen mit abnehmender Routineintensität stabil oder steigen sogar. Diese Ergebnisse lassen sich nicht durch Kompositions- oder Kohorteneffekte erklärt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: CREST working paper series -
Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Polarization, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power (2022)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir & Hanna Frings (2022): Labor Market Polarization, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 57, H. S, S. 11-49., 2020-12-31. DOI:10.3368/jhr.monopsony.0219-10011R1
Abstract
"Using a semi-structural approach based on a dynamic monopsony model, we examine to what extent workers performing different job tasks are exposed to different degrees of monopsony power, and whether these differences in monopsony power have changed over the last 30 years. We find that workers performing mostly non-routine cognitive tasks are exposed to a higher degree of monopsony power than workers performing routine or non-routine manual tasks. Job-specific human capital and non-pecuniary job characteristics are the most likely explanations for this result. We find no evidence that labor market polarization has increased monopsony power over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Demir, Gökay; -
Literaturhinweis
Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit: Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage von BA-Daten und der Verdienststrukturerhebung: Studie für die iGZ-Bundesgeschäftsstelle. Endbericht 04. Mai 2022 (2022)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Fernanda Martínez Flores & Christian Rulff (2022): Die Lohnlücke in der Zeitarbeit: Eine empirische Analyse auf Grundlage von BA-Daten und der Verdienststrukturerhebung. Studie für die iGZ-Bundesgeschäftsstelle. Endbericht 04. Mai 2022. (RWI-Projektbericht), Essen, 64 S.
Abstract
"Der Bericht ist wie folgt aufgebaut. In Kapitel 2 wird detailliert dargestellt, wie sich die offiziellen Statistiken der Bundesagentur für Arbeit sowie des Statistischen Bundesamtes hinsichtlich der Höhe der Lohnlücke unterscheiden und wie sich diese Unterschiede erklären lassen. In Kapitel 3 werden eigene deskriptive Ergebnisse basierend auf den Mikrodaten der IEB und der VSE vorgestellt. Hier wird zunächst darauf eingegangen, inwieweit sich Zeitarbeiter/-innen hinsichtlich ihrer beobachtbaren Charakteristika von nicht Zeitarbeiter/-innen unterscheiden. Anschließend werden die Lohnunterschiede basierend auf einer vergleichbaren Stichprobe dargestellt. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf einem Vergleich der Lohnlücke über verschiedene beobachtbare Charakteristika. Kapitel 4 verwendet Regressionsanalysen und Dekompositionsmethoden, um für Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der jeweiligen Stichprobe zu kontrollieren. Zudem werden mithilfe eines Matching-Verfahrens "statistische Zwillinge" gebildet, um die Gruppe der in Zeitarbeit Beschäftigten so vergleichbar wie möglich mit den Beschäftigten außerhalb der Zeitarbeit zu machen. Kapitel 5 enthält die Ergebnisse für die Stundenlöhne auf der Grundlage der VSE-Daten. Kapitel 6 gibt Empfehlungen, wie die Lohnlücke der Zeitarbeiter/-innen in Zukunft sinnvoller berechnet und dargestellt werden kann, um diese über verschiedene Datensätze vergleichbar zu machen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Der Bauarbeitsmarkt: Soziologie und Ökonomie einer Branche (2022)
Zitatform
Bosch, Gerhard & Frederic Hüttenhoff (2022): Der Bauarbeitsmarkt. Soziologie und Ökonomie einer Branche. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl., 346 S. DOI:10.12907/978-3-593-45011-7
Abstract
"In der deutschen Bauwirtschaft haben die Sozialpartner in der Nachkriegszeit mit ihren Sozialkassen ein vorbildliches System der Finanzierung der Berufsausbildung und der sozialen Sicherung aufgebaut. Zusätzlich wurde mit dem Saisonkurzarbeitergeld ein arbeitsmarktpolitisches Instrument zur Beschäftigungssicherung entwickelt. Dieses Buch untersucht die Entwicklungen der Bauwirtschaft und ihrer besonderen Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den Versuchen der Sozialpartner und der Politik, die Erosion der bauspezifischen Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen durch Reformen zu verhindern, um auch in Zukunft den Fachkräftebedarf der Branche zu sichern." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Curious Incidence of Monetary Policy Across the Income Distribution (2022)
Zitatform
Broer, Tobias, John Kramer & Kurt Mitman (2022): The Curious Incidence of Monetary Policy Across the Income Distribution. (Sveriges Riksbank working paper series 416), Stockholm, 36 S.
Abstract
"We use high-frequency administrative data from Germany to study the effects of monetary policy on income and employment across the earnings distribution. Earnings growth at the bottom of the distribution is substantially more elastic to policy shocks. This unequal incidence is driven by differences in the response of employment risk across the distribution: job loss is more countercyclical for lower-earnings households. Viewed through the lens of a standard incomplete-markets model, the heterogeneous incidence substantially amplifies the equilibrium response of aggregate consumption to shocks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Raising the Bar: Minimum Wages and Employers' Hiring Standards (2022)
Butschek, Sebastian;Zitatform
Butschek, Sebastian (2022): Raising the Bar: Minimum Wages and Employers' Hiring Standards. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 14, H. 2, S. 91-124. DOI:10.1257/pol.20190534
Abstract
"Many scholars have studied the employment effects of minimum wages, but little is known about effects on the composition of hires. I investigate whether Germany's minimum wage introduction raised hiring standards, using worker fixed effects as a proxy for worker productivity. For the least productive workers hired, the minimum wage led to a 4 percentile point shift in the productivity distribution. This increase is missed using standard observable measures of worker productivity. The effects are larger with greater pre-reform screening intensity—indicating an employer response. This more selective hiring compensates about two-thirds of higher wage costs for the least productive hires." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why do some occupations offer more part-time work than others? Reciprocal dynamics in occupational gender segregation and occupational part-time work in West Germany, 1976–2010 (2022)
Zitatform
Bächmann, Ann-Christin, Dörthe Gatermann, Corinna Kleinert & Kathrin Leuze (2022): Why do some occupations offer more part-time work than others? Reciprocal dynamics in occupational gender segregation and occupational part-time work in West Germany, 1976–2010. In: Social science research, Jg. 104, 2021-12-13. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102685
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the reciprocal relationship between occupational gender segregation and occupational part-time work in West Germany over time. Based on a unique occupational panel dataset covering 254 occupations between 1976 and 2010, we apply static, dynamic, and Arellano-Bond panel models to account for reverse causality and endogeneity. Results indicate that trends in occupational part-time rates and gender ratios mutually reinforce each other but not in the same manner. Part-time work in occupations increases once more women start working in these occupations. Occupational part-time ratios are mainly driven by married women and mothers; women's education level only plays a minor role. Vice versa, the gender composition of occupations is likewise affected by changing working-time arrangements, at least in the short run, but it is mainly driven by previous levels of occupational gender segregation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic and Distributional Effects of Higher Minimum Wages (2022)
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz;Zitatform
Drechsel-Grau, Moritz (2022): Macroeconomic and Distributional Effects of Higher Minimum Wages. (Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2022: Big Data in Economics), Kiel, 60 S.
Abstract
"While many countries are discussing substantial increases in the minimum wage, policy makers lack a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of raising the minimum wage. This paper investigates how employment, output and worker welfare respond to increases in the minimum wage beyond observable levels – both in the short- and long run. To that end, I incorporate endogenous job search effort, differences in employment levels, and a progressive tax-transfer system into a search-matching model with worker and firm heterogeneity. I estimate my model using German administrative and survey data. The model replicates the muted employment response, as well as the reallocation effects in terms of productivity and employment levels documented by reduced form research on the German introduction of a federal minimum wage in 2015. Simulating the model, I find that long-run employment increases slightly until the minimum wage is equal to 60% of the full-time median wage (Kaitz index) as higher search effort offsets lower vacancy posting. In addition, raising the minimum wage reallocates workers towards fulltime jobs and high-productivity firms. Total hours worked and output peak at Kaitz indices of 73% and 79%. However, policy makers face an important inter-temporal trade-off as large minimum wage hikes lead to substantial job destruction, unemployment and recessions in the short-run. Finally, I show that raising the minimum wage largely benefits men. For women, who often rely on low-hours jobs, the disutility from working longer hours outweighs the utility of higher incomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Latest Version February 23, 2023 -
Literaturhinweis
Essays on Consequences of a Negative Economic Shock on Migration and Expectations: Evidence from the reunification of East and West Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Emmler, Julian (2022): Essays on Consequences of a Negative Economic Shock on Migration and Expectations. Evidence from the reunification of East and West Germany. Berlin, 163 S. DOI:10.18452/24403
Abstract
"Diese Dissertation analysiert die Effekte der deutschen Wiedervereinigung auf Erwartungen über die Arbeitsplatzsicherheit von ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer/innen nach der Wiedervereinigung, auf Ihre Entscheidung in den Westen zu migrieren und diskutiert zudem den Arbeitsmarkterfolg der ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer/innen die migrierten. Im ersten Kapitel zeige ich, dass kurz nach der Wiedervereinigung der Anteil der ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer/innen die erwarteten ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren, substanziell höher war als der Anteil derjenigen, die ihn tatsächlich verloren. Der Anteil der erwarteten Arbeitsplatzverluste fiel im Anschluss aber substantiell. Dies wurde durch eine Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation in Ostdeutschland beeinflusst und durch eine veränderte Interpretation von ökonomischen Signalen durch die Arbeitnehmer/innen. Das zweite Kapitel enthält kausale Schätzungen von Migrationsgewinnen von ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer/innen die nach der Wiedervereinigung nach Westdeutschland migriert sind. Diese Migranten erlebten oftmals einen substantiellen Rückgang in ihren Arbeitseinnahmen in den Monaten vor Migration, verursacht durch steigende Arbeitslosigkeit. Unter Verwendung von Inverse Probability Weighting und zweier Kontrollgruppen zeige ich, dass Erwartungen über die persönliche Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in der Herkunftsregion eine wichtige Rolle für die erwarteten Migrationsgewinne spielen. Im dritten Kapitel dokumentiere ich, dass sich die Mehrheit der ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer welche zwischen 1994 - 2008 nach Westdeutschland migrierten, nach der Migration am untersten Ende der Verteilung der Verdienste in Westdeutschland eingeordnet haben. Dies kann unter anderem dadurch erklärt werden, dass Migranten oft in Industrien arbeiteten, die ein niedriges Lohnniveau in Westdeutschland aufwiesen, durch eine Entwertung des Humankapitals durch den Strukturwandel in Ostdeutschland und durch geringe Erträge für existierendes Humankapital." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Changing selection into full-time work and its effect on wage inequality in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd & Jakob de Lazzer (2022): Changing selection into full-time work and its effect on wage inequality in Germany. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 247-277., 2021-06-17. DOI:10.1007/s00181-021-02098-0
Abstract
"To explore whether changes in the selection into full-time work among German men were a driver in the rise in wage inequality since the mid-1990s, we propose a modification of selection-corrected quantile regressions. Addressing Huber and Melly’s (J Appl Econom 30(7):1144–1168, 2015) concerns, this modification allows us to estimate the effects of selection with respect to both observables and unobservables. Our findings show that those employed in 1995 would have had lower wages in 2010 than those employed in 2010 and wage dispersion would have been higher, suggesting that full-time workers have become less heterogeneous over time." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Springer Nature) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform (2022)
Zitatform
Geyer, Johannes, Peter Haan, Svenja Lorenz, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): The role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 152-192. DOI:10.1111/irel.12293
Abstract
"This paper shows that labor demand plays an important role in the labor market reactions to a pension reform in Germany. Employers with a high share of older worker inflow compared with their younger worker inflow, employers in sectors with few investments in research and development, and employers in sectors with a high share of collective bargaining agreements allow their employees to stay employed longer after the reform. These employers offer their older employees partial retirement instead of forcing them into unemployment before early retirement because the older employees incur low substitution costs and high dismissal costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of EU immigration on labour market outcomes in Germany over the past decade (2022)
Hammer, Luisa; Hertweck, Matthias Sebastian;Zitatform
Hammer, Luisa & Matthias Sebastian Hertweck (2022): The impact of EU immigration on labour market outcomes in Germany over the past decade. (Research Brief / Deutsche Bundesbank 45 (en)), Frankfurt am Main, 4 S.
Abstract
"Im Vergleich zu früheren Arbeiten zum Zuwanderungsgeschehen in Deutschland während der 1990er-Jahre (zum Beispiel D’Amuri et al., 2010) fallen in der vorliegenden Studie insbesondere die Beschäftigungseffekte der EU-Zuwanderung im vergangenen Jahrzehnt deutlich positiver aus. Dieser Befund ist vermutlich auf das Zusammenspiel zweier Faktoren zurückzuführen: Zum einen ist der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt in den vergangenen 20 Jahren deutlich flexibler geworden. Die Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in den neu entstandenen Wirtschaftszweigen wie der Zeitarbeit werden zwar niedrig entlohnt, bieten Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderern aber niedrigschwellige Möglichkeiten, erste Erfahrungen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu erwerben. Zum anderen förderte die EU-Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit diejenige arbeitsmarktorientierte Zuwanderung, die passgenau auf die Erfordernisse des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts ausgerichtet war. Somit schlossen EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer die Lücken, die durch ansässige Arbeitskräfte nur schlecht gefüllt werden konnten. Eine Verdrängung von ansässigen Arbeitskräften fand daher nicht statt. Vielmehr hat der Zuzug von Arbeitskräften aus der EU möglicherweise dazu beigetragen, dass Ansässige leichter neu geschaffene Stellen fanden, die sich in Unternehmen gut mit den relativ niedrig bezahlten Arbeitsplätzen der EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer ergänzten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Hammer, Luisa; -
Literaturhinweis
Der Beitrag der EU-Zuwanderung zur Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts im vergangenen Jahrzehnt (2022)
Hammer, Luisa; Hertweck, Matthias Sebastian;Zitatform
Hammer, Luisa & Matthias Sebastian Hertweck (2022): Der Beitrag der EU-Zuwanderung zur Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts im vergangenen Jahrzehnt. (Research Brief / Deutsche Bundesbank 45 (de)), Frankfurt am Main, 4 S.
Abstract
"Im Vergleich zu früheren Arbeiten zum Zuwanderungsgeschehen in Deutschland während der 1990er-Jahre (zum Beispiel D’Amuri et al., 2010) fallen in der vorliegenden Studie insbesondere die Beschäftigungseffekte der EU-Zuwanderung im vergangenen Jahrzehnt deutlich positiver aus. Dieser Befund ist vermutlich auf das Zusammenspiel zweier Faktoren zurückzuführen: Zum einen ist der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt in den vergangenen 20 Jahren deutlich flexibler geworden. Die Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in den neu entstandenen Wirtschaftszweigen wie der Zeitarbeit werden zwar niedrig entlohnt, bieten Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderern aber niedrigschwellige Möglichkeiten, erste Erfahrungen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu erwerben. Zum anderen förderte die EU-Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit diejenige arbeitsmarktorientierte Zuwanderung, die passgenau auf die Erfordernisse des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts ausgerichtet war. Somit schlossen EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer die Lücken, die durch ansässige Arbeitskräfte nur schlecht gefüllt werden konnten. Eine Verdrängung von ansässigen Arbeitskräften fand daher nicht statt. Vielmehr hat der Zuzug von Arbeitskräften aus der EU möglicherweise dazu beigetragen, dass Ansässige leichter neu geschaffene Stellen fanden, die sich in Unternehmen gut mit den relativ niedrig bezahlten Arbeitsplätzen der EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer ergänzten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Hammer, Luisa; -
Literaturhinweis
EU enlargement and (temporary) migration: Effects on labour market outcomes in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Hammer, Luisa & Matthias S. Hertweck (2022): EU enlargement and (temporary) migration: Effects on labour market outcomes in Germany. (Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank 2022,02), Frankfurt am Main, 57 S.
Abstract
"EU Eastern Enlargement elicited a rise in (temporary) labour market oriented immigration to Germany starting in May 2011. Taking into account that not all immigrants stay permanently and that outmigration flows are selective, this paper classifies recent EU immigrants into “new arrivals” and “stayers” drawing on administrative social security data (2005-2017). This novel strategy allows us to separately identify their potentially opposing short- and medium-run effects on labour market outcomes in Germany. We find a transitory negative wage effect among German nationals, particularly at the bottom of the wage distribution; and a permanent positive effect on full-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Hammer, Luisa; -
Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance reforms and labor market dynamics (2022)
Zitatform
Hartung, Benjamin, Philip Jung & Moritz Kuhn (2022): Unemployment insurance reforms and labor market dynamics. Bonn, 83 S.
Abstract
"A key question in labor market research is how the unemployment insurance system affects unemployment rates and labor market dynamics. We provide new answers to this old question by studying one of the largest unemployment insurance reforms in recent decades, the German Hartz reforms. On average, lower separation rates into unemployment account for 76% of declining unemployment after the reform, a fact unexplained by existing research focusing on job-finding rates. Exploiting institutional changes by age, employment duration, and wages, we establish a causal link between the reform and changes in labor market dynamics. Relying on labor market theory, we generalize our empirical findings beyond the German case and establish separation rate changes as an important macroeconomic adjustment channel after UI reforms. We derive analytically that the change of separation rates increases in proportion to average unemployment duration suggesting an equally important role for most other European labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Untold Story of Midijobs (2022)
Zitatform
Herget, Anne & Regina T. Riphahn (2022): The Untold Story of Midijobs. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 242, H. 3, S. 309-341. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2021-0025
Abstract
"Midijobs are employment relationships with moderate monthly earnings that benefit from payroll tax subsidies. Since 2003, the subsidy is universally available for all regions, industries, individuals, and employers in Germany. Recently, more than 2.9 million individuals, i.e., almost 9 percent of the German labor force covered by the social security system took advantage of Midijobs. This paper describes the program, its motivation, and utilization over time. We characterize the labor market transitions leading into and out of Midijob employment, the duration of Midijob utilization, and compare recent developments with patterns of program utilization that were observed early on." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7517.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Beschäftigungsperspektiven für gering Qualifizierte (2022)
Kalina, Thorsten;Zitatform
Kalina, Thorsten (2022): Beschäftigungsperspektiven für gering Qualifizierte. (IAQ-Report 2022-08), Duisburg ; Essen, 18 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/74324
Abstract
"Nachdem die Beschäftigung gering Qualifizierter lange rückläufig war, hat sie in den letzten Jahren leicht zugenommen. Gut 12 % der Beschäftigung entfiel auf den Bereich Lagerwirtschaft, Post- und Zustellungsberufe. In diesem Berufsbereich war das Beschäftigungswachstum für gering Qualifizierte zwischen 2012 und 2019 mit 28 % auch am stärksten. Rund 60 % der gering Qualifizierten waren 2019 als Fachkräfte tätig. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Graubereich an Tätigkeiten, die anspruchsvoller sind als reine Helfertätigkeiten, aber nicht unbedingt eine dreijährige Berufsausbildung voraussetzen. Politischer Handlungsbedarf besteht bei der Abgrenzung von Helfer- und Fachkrafttätigkeiten, was sich auch in der Entlohnung widerspiegeln muss. Zudem sind das Nachholen von Ausbildungsabschlüssen und die Zertifizierung von Teilqualifikationen wichtige Ansatzpunkte, um die Arbeitsmarktlage von gering Qualifizierten weiter zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis (2022)
Zitatform
Koomen, Miriam & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2022): Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15702), Bonn, 66 S.
Abstract
"We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allows us to account for within-occupation changes in task content over time. We run RIF regression-based decompositions to quantify the contribution of changes in the returns to tasks to overall changes in the wage distribution from 1978 to 2006. We find that changes in the returns to tasks explain up to half of the increase in wage inequality since the 1990s, both at the top and the bottom of the wage distribution. Specifically, abstract tasks drive the upper wage gap, while interactive and routine tasks drive the lower wage gap. Importantly, we find low-wage occupations to have the highest routine task intensity. The association between occupational tasks and West German wage inequality is thus both stronger and different than prior research has found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational tasks and wage inequality in West Germany: A decomposition analysis (2022)
Zitatform
Koomen, Miriam & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2022): Occupational tasks and wage inequality in West Germany: A decomposition analysis. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 79. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102284
Abstract
"We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allow us to account for within-occupation changes in task content over time. We run RIF regression-based decompositions to quantify the contribution of changes in the returns to tasks to overall changes in the wage distribution from 1978 to 2006. We find that changes in the returns to tasks explain up to half of the increase in wage inequality since the 1990s, both at the top and the bottom of the wage distribution. Specifically, abstract tasks drive the upper wage gap, while interactive and routine tasks drive the lower wage gap. Importantly, we find low-wage occupations to have the highest routine task intensity. The association between occupational tasks and West German wage inequality is thus both stronger and different than prior research has found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beware of the employer: Financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old-age employment (2022)
Zitatform
Lorenz, Svenja, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): Beware of the employer: Financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old-age employment. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 21. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2021.100363
Abstract
"We show that a stepwise increase in the normal retirement age (NRA) by up to five years and the introduction of actuarial pension deductions for retirement before NRA was ineffective in prolonging employment of older men after early retirement age. We argue that the ineffectiveness of the German pension reform resulted from a change in employer behavior that was mainly induced by a recession during the implementation period of the pension reform. Employers seem to have nudged their employees to use a bridge option that was introduced with the pension reform (partial retirement) or a traditional bridge option (unemployment). These bridge options allowed an early retirement age (ERA) of 60 instead of the only alternative early retirement option with an ERA of 63. Bridge options therefore offered employers an opportunity to terminate employment considerably earlier and exert more influence over the employment exit age. We argue that without a change in employer behavior, neither using one of the bridge options nor the earlier employment exit would have been utility maximizing for the individuals affected by the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als: ZEW discussion paper -
Literaturhinweis
Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories (2022)
Zitatform
Mahajan, Parag, Dhiren Patki & Heiko Stüber (2022): Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories. (Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department 22-12), Boston, 21 S. DOI:10.29412/res.wp.2022.12
Abstract
"Studies find that if a worker enters the labor market during an economic downturn versus a period of expansion, they likely will have more difficulty finding a high-paying job, because the availability of such jobs is strongly procyclical. The earnings penalty for starting a career during bad times is both substantial and persistent. Indeed, this paper finds that a typical recession causes entrants to experience a 6 percent loss in earnings cumulated over the first 15 years of their careers. But, the authors ask, to what extent do non-pecuniary characteristics of jobs offset some of those earnings losses? They address this question by relying on population-scale linked employer-employee administrative data from Germany to estimate both the pecuniary and non-pecuniary impact of entering the workforce during a recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen und Männern (2022)
Zitatform
Oberfichtner, Michael (2022): Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen und Männern. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 75, H. 10, S. 5-8.
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsmarktergebnisse von Frauen und Männern unterscheiden sich immer noch massiv. Die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen ist niedriger als die von Männern, beschäftigte Frauen arbeiten im Durchschnitt weniger Stunden als Männer, der mittlere Stundenlohn lag 2018 bei Frauen 20% unter dem von Männern; und auch wenn man berücksichtigt, dass sich die Qualifikationen und Tätigkeiten zwischen Frauen und Männer unterscheiden, bleibt ein Lohnunterschied von 6% unerklärt (Statistisches Bundesamt 2022; 2022b; 2022c). Daher lohnt es sich, die Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen und Männern genauer in den Blick zu nehmen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass die Geschlechterlohnunterschiede beim Eintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten deutlich abgenommen haben. Über das Erwerbsleben nehmen die Unterschiede jedoch auch bei jüngeren Kohorten stark zu, wobei Familiengründungen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Um die Ursachen dafür besser zu verstehen, nimmt die aktuelle Forschung zunehmend auch eine betriebliche Perspektive ein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Endbericht zur Studie „Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Akut- und Langzeitpflege und Ermittlung sowie modellhafte Implementierung von Indikatoren für gute Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege“ - Los 1: Analyse, Befragungen und Maßnahmenempfehlungen zum Pflegearbeitsplatz der Zukunft (2022)
Peters, Verena; Stohr, Daniel; Bastian, Nina; Schröder, Jan; Zimmermann, Sandra; Herten, Benjamin; Meyer-Frieß, Kathrin; Schulte-Coerne, Nora; Laukhuf, Andrea; Wellmer, Amber; Müller, Laura ; Müller, Nils; Runschke, Benedikt; Kirstein, Katharina; Reinhards, Thomas; Spies, Sabrina; Stehle, Esther; Werding, Martin ; Seidel, Jonas; Klärner, Kai-David; Beule, Patrick; Ott, Notburga;Zitatform
Peters, Verena, Benjamin Herten, Katharina Kirstein, Nora Schulte-Coerne, Jonas Seidel, Amber Wellmer, Esther Stehle, Nils Müller, Patrick Beule, Andrea Laukhuf, Laura Müller, Benedikt Runschke, Sabrina Spies, Daniel Stohr, Sandra Zimmermann, Jan Schröder, Nina Bastian, Kathrin Meyer-Frieß, Thomas Reinhards, Notburga Ott, Kai-David Klärner & Martin Werding (2022): Endbericht zur Studie „Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Akut- und Langzeitpflege und Ermittlung sowie modellhafte Implementierung von Indikatoren für gute Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege“ - Los 1: Analyse, Befragungen und Maßnahmenempfehlungen zum Pflegearbeitsplatz der Zukunft. Bochum, 739 S.
Abstract
"Im Rahmen der Konzertierten Aktion Pflege (KAP) wurde gemeinsam mit den in der Pflege beteiligten Akteuren im Juni 2019 Maßnahmen vereinbart, um mehr beruflich Pflegende zu gewinnen, sie zu stärken und zu entlasten und die Ausbildung und Arbeitsbedingungen attraktiver zu gestalten. Im Zuge dessen hat das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit die Studie Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Akut- und Langzeitpflege und Ermittlung sowie modellhafte Implementierung von Indikatoren für gute Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege beauftragt. Ziel der Studie war es, die Datengrundlagen zur Situation von beruflich Pflegenden zu verbessern und Maßnahmen zu identifizieren, die die Maßnahmen der KAP entweder bestätigen oder über diese hinausgehen bzw. mit denen die formulierten Ziele der Aktion vorangetrieben werden können. Los 1 der Studie umfasste dabei eine Analyse, Befragungen und Maßnahmenempfehlungen zum Pflegearbeitsplatz der Zukunft. Die Untersuchung beinhaltete eine umfassende systematische Analyse der bereits vorhandenen Literatur, eine Auswertung statistischer Daten sowie die Erhebung von Primärdaten in Form von qualitativen Interviews und einer quantitativen Erhebung unter beruflich Pflegenden in Deutschland. Die bereinigte, nicht repräsentative Stichprobe umfasst dabei Angaben von 5.514 Befragten, und sie ist damit eine der umfangreichsten Befragungen der letzten 10 Jahre bezogen auf Inhalte und Stichprobengröße. Sie bietet in besonderer thematischer Breite und Tiefe Einblicke in die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen beruflich Pflegender in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse dieser knapp dreijährigen Forschung sind in diesem Bericht zusammengefasst." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
30 Years of East-West Migration in Germany: A Synthesis of the Literature and Potential Directions for Future Research (2022)
Zitatform
Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge, Matthias, Nico Stawarz & Nikola Sander (2022): 30 Years of East-West Migration in Germany. A Synthesis of the Literature and Potential Directions for Future Research. In: Comparative Population Studies, Jg. 47, S. 185-210. DOI:10.12765/CPoS-2022-08
Abstract
"The reunification of the socialist German Democratic Republic and the capitalist Federal Republic of Germany presents a unique setting for studying the impact of socio-economic and political change on migration. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the interdisciplinary literature on migration between East and West Germany since reunification, conducted in disciplines such as economics, demography, sociology, and human geography. We synthesise the literature with regard to data-related challenges as well as individual and contextual determinants of migration. We clarify some misinterpretations and discrepancies in previous studies, identify research gaps, and suggest directions for future research. Our review demonstrates that East-West migration mainly occurred in line with what could have been expected based on migration theory with regard to migrants’ sex, age, education, labour market position, and social networks. West-East migration, in contrast, was strongly affected by return migrants who often stated non-occupational motives for moving. On the contextual level, differences in wages are better able to explain East-West migration over time than differences in unemployment rates. West-East migration, however, cannot be explained well with such macroeconomic models. This paper contributes a point of reference for future research on this topic, as well as on internal migration and socio-economic disparities in general." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mind the gap: Effects of the national minimum wage on the gender wage gap in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Schmid, Ramona (2022): Mind the gap: Effects of the national minimum wage on the gender wage gap in Germany. (Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences 06-2022), Stuttgart, 37 S.
Abstract
"With its introduction in 2015, the statutory minimum wage in Germany intends to benefit primarily low-wage workers. Thus, this paper aims at estimating the effectiveness of the im- plemented wage floor on gender wage gaps in the lower half of the wage distribution. Using administrative data, distinct regional differences regarding magnitudes of wage differentials and responses to the minimum wage are identified. Overall, wage gaps between men and women at the 10th percentile decrease by 2.46 and 6.34 percentage points respectively in the West and East of Germany after 2015. Applying counterfactual wage distributions, the study provides new evidence that around 60% and even 95% of the decline result from the introduction of the minimum wage in each region. Further, group-specific analyses identify concrete responses on the basis of age, educational level and occupational activity. Having yearly data, the study ad- ditionally reveals new results on the impact of the successive minimum wage raises in 2017 and 2019. Counterfactual aggregate decompositions of gender wage gaps finally indicate a decrease in discriminatory remuneration structures in the West of Germany due to the introduced wage floor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
- spätere (möglw. abweichende) Version in: Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2023: Growth and the "sociale Frage"
- spätere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Mind the gap: effects of the national minimum wage on the gender wage gap of full-time workers in Germany" in: Journal of Economic Inequality
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Literaturhinweis
Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data (2022)
Zitatform
Storm, Eduard (2022): Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data. In: Labour, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 167-195. DOI:10.1111/labr.12220
Abstract
"This study documents that worker-level variation in tasks has played a key role in the widening of the German Native-Foreign Wage Gap. I find idiosyncratic differences account for up to 34 per cent of the wage gap. Importantly, natives specialize in high-paying interactive activities not only between, but also within occupations. In contrast, foreign workers specialize in low-paying manual activities. This enhanced degree of task specialization accounts for 11 per cent of the gap among high-wage earners and 25 per cent among low-wage earner, thus offering new insight into sources for imperfect substitution of native and foreign workers and consequently small migration-induced wage effects." (Author's abstract, © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Appendices -
Literaturhinweis
Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform (2022)
Tazhitdinova, Alissa;Zitatform
Tazhitdinova, Alissa (2022): Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 473-500. DOI:10.1257/pol.20190786
Abstract
"Moonlighting is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10 percent of workers holding two or more jobs. However, little is known about the responsiveness of moonlighting to financial incentives due to the lack of identifying variation. This paper studies a unique reform in Germany that allowed workers to hold small secondary jobs tax-free, decreasing the marginal tax rate by between 19.5 to 66 pp. I show that the reform resulted in a dramatic increase in moonlighting that was not offset by reductions in primary earnings and that hours constraints are a key determinant of moonlighting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen als: NBER working paper, 27726Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic Effects of Active Labour Market Policies: A Novel Instrumental Variables Approach (2022)
Zitatform
Unterhofer, Ulrike & Conny Wunsch (2022): Macroeconomic Effects of Active Labour Market Policies. A Novel Instrumental Variables Approach. (arXiv papers), 81 S.
Abstract
"This study evaluates the macroeconomic effects of active labour market policies (ALMP) in Germany over the period 2005 to 2018. We propose a novel identification strategy to overcome the simultaneity of ALMP and labour market outcomes at the regional level. It exploits the imperfect overlap of local labour markets and local employment agencies that decide on the local implementation of policies. Specifically, we instrument for the use of ALMP in a local labour market with the mix of ALMP implemented outside this market but in local employment agencies that partially overlap with this market. We find no effects of short-term activation measures and further vocational training on aggregate labour market outcomes. In contrast, wage subsidies substantially increase the share of workers in unsubsidised employment while lowering long-term unemployment and welfare dependency. Our results suggest that negative externalities of ALMP partially offset the effects for program participants and that some segments of the labour market benefit more than others." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform (2022)
Zitatform
Zwick, Thomas, Mona Bruns, Johannes Geyer & Svenja Lorenz (2022): Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100387
Abstract
"Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in employment. An important at-risk group comprises older employees who have worked in demanding jobs for many years. This group may be particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of employees in low- and high-demand jobs, we exploit the quasinatural experiment of a cohort-specific pension reform that increased the early retirement age for women from 60 to 63 years. Based on a large administrative dataset, we use a regression-discontinuity approach to estimate the labor market reactions. Surprisingly, we find the same relative employment increase of about 25% for treated women who were exposed to low and to high job demand. For older women in demanding jobs, we also do not find substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the abolished early retirement option required high labor market attachment. Thus, we argue that this eligibility rule induced a positive selection of healthy workers into early retirement. We propose alternative policies that protect workers exposed to high job demand better against the negative consequences of being unable to reach their statutory retirement age in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als: DIW-Diskussionspapier -
Literaturhinweis
Structural change revisited: The rise of manufacturing jobs in the service sector (2021)
Zitatform
Boddin, Dominik & Thilo Kroeger (2021): Structural change revisited: The rise of manufacturing jobs in the service sector. (Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank 2021,38), Frankfurt am Main, 55 S.
Abstract
"This paper reconsiders the labor market consequences of structural change over the past 43 years. Taking two different ways of defining manufacturing and service employment as point of departure - according to the industry classification of firms or establishments and according to the occupation and hence the tasks of the workers - we show that structural change is far less pronounced than generally perceived. Manufacturing and service employment numbers based on the occupations of workers deviate markedly from the employment numbers based on the industry classification of employers. The decline in manufacturing jobs in Germany is far lower if the measurement of employment is based on the occupation of the worker. About 52% of manufacturing jobs that were lost in manufacturing industries between 1975 and 2017 are offset by new manufacturing jobs in service industries. This also has important implications for empirical applications. By way of example, we reestimate the effect of international trade on manufacturing employment based on the occupation of the worker. Contrary to previously identified negative effects, we cannot identify significant effects of import exposure on employment in manufacturing occupations. Using detailed, comprehensive German social security data, we show at the worker level that the service sector increasingly acts as a valuable alternative employment option for workers with manufacturing occupations. We estimate the causal effects of a switch to the service sector on employment outcomes by following workers over time after mass layoffs. The results reinforce our claim that structural change is less pronounced than perceived, as workers who retain their initial occupation and switch to employment in the service sector experience no significant differences in future employment trajectories compared to workers who manage to stay in the manufacturing sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Demographic Change and Regional Labour Markets (2021)
Zitatform
Böhm, Michael J., Terry Gregory, Pamela Qendrai & Christian Siegel (2021): Demographic Change and Regional Labour Markets. In: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 113-131. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/graa063
Abstract
"Like many other countries, Germany has experienced rapid population and workforce ageing, yet with substantial variation across regions. In this paper we first use this spatial variation between 1975 and 2014 to estimate quasi-causal supply effects of ageing on regional labour market outcomes, drawing on the identification strategy of Böhm and Siegel (2020). We find in our panel of German labour market regions that workforce mean age has considerable negative effects on the wage returns to age. We also obtain suggestive evidence that relative employment rates of older workers decline when mean age rises. A decomposition of the heterogeneous regional trends using our estimates shows that ageing of rural regions is mainly driven by supply (reflecting local population dynamics) whereas urban ageing is driven by demand (reflecting responses to economic conditions). We discuss the differential implications of these drivers for regional policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Fall in German Unemployment: A Flow Analysis (2021)
Zitatform
Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos, Andrey Launov & Jean-Marc Robin (2021): The Fall in German Unemployment: A Flow Analysis. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 132. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103658
Abstract
"In this paper we investigate the recent fall in unemployment, and the rise in part-time work and labour market participation among prime-aged Germans. We show that unemployment fell because the Hartz reforms induced a large fraction of the long-term unemployed to deregister as jobseekers. However, labour force participation actually increased because many female non-participants accepted low-paid, part-time jobs. Counterfactual simulations using estimated transition probabilities show that observed changes in the stocks of registered and unregistered unemployment after 2002 essentially resulted from changes in their outflows. These changes are also the main determinants of the dynamics of the stocks of marginal, contributing part-time and full-time employment after 2002. Yet the full decrease in registered male unemployment cannot be explained by the reforms alone." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Real Exchange Rates and the Earnings of Immigrants (2021)
Zitatform
Dustmann, Christian, Hyejin Ku & Tanya Surovtseva (2021): Real Exchange Rates and the Earnings of Immigrants. (CReAM discussion paper 2021,10), London, 59 S.
Abstract
"Higher price levels in the destination relative to the origin increase the effective real wages of immigrants, thereby affecting immigrants' reservation and entry wages as well as their subsequent career trajectories. Based on micro-level longitudinal administrative data from Germany and exploiting within-country and across-cohort variations in the real exchange rate (RER) between Germany and countries that newly joined the European Union in the 2000s, we find that immigrants arriving with high RERs initially settle for lower paying jobs than comparable immigrants arriving with low RERs. In subsequent periods, however, wages of high RER arrivals catch up to that of their low RER counterparts, convergence achieved primarily through changes to better paying occupations and firms. Our findings thus point to the persistent regional price differences as one possible reason for Immigrants' downgrading, with implications for immigrant' career profiles and the assessment of labor market impacts of immigration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Same educational level, same wage returns? An analysis over time and across occupations in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Anett & Sandra Hirtz (2021): Same educational level, same wage returns? An analysis over time and across occupations in Germany. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 34, H. 5-6, S. 632-648. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2021.1965967
Abstract
"Analysing wage differentials due to educational investments within occupations can explain the persistent wage inequality in western industrialised countries, such as Germany. This article contributes to the discussion by examining occupation-specific variance in wage returns for men working full-time in Western Germany between 1976 and 2010. We distinguish between three groups: employees with a vocational education and training (VET) degree with an Abitur (a certificate allowing entrance into a German university), with a VET degree but no Abitur, or with a university degree. First, we theoretically argue why wage returns vary within educational levels across occupations. Second, on the assumption that wage return variance will be greater at higher educational levels, we investigate wage return variance patterns for VET and university graduates over time. Estimating a two-stage multilevel model using the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB), we show that holding an Abitur increases wage return variance across occupations. Moreover, we find a significantly higher occupation-specific variance in wage returns to education for university graduates than for VET graduates. For the period under examination, we reveal a fluctuating variance in wage returns for VET graduates and a slightly decreasing variance for university graduates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies Regional File (SIAB-R) 1975-2019 (2021)
Zitatform
Frodermann, Corinna, Andreas Ganzer, Alexandra Schmucker & Philipp Vom Berge (2021): Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies Regional File (SIAB-R) 1975-2019. (FDZ-Datenreport 05/2021 (en)), Nürnberg, 85 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2105.en.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt das „Regionalfile“ der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2019. Der Datensatz stellt die faktisch anonymisierte Version der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) dar und wird nach Abschluss eines Nutzungsvertrages mit dem IAB an Forschungseinrichtungen übermittelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Frodermann, Corinna ; Ganzer, Andreas; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Schmucker, Alexandra;Ähnliche Treffer
Weiterführende Informationen
Frequencies and labels -
Literaturhinweis
Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975-2019 (2021)
Zitatform
Frodermann, Corinna, Alexandra Schmucker, Stefan Seth & Philipp Vom Berge (2021): Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975-2019. (FDZ-Datenreport 01/2021 (de)), Nürnberg, 77 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2101.de.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt die Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975 - 2019." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
also released in EnglishWeiterführende Informationen
Auszählungen -
Literaturhinweis
Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) 1975-2019 (2021)
Zitatform
Frodermann, Corinna, Alexandra Schmucker, Stefan Seth & Philipp Vom Berge (2021): Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB) 1975-2019. (FDZ-Datenreport 01/2021 (en)), Nürnberg, 76 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2101.en.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt die Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) 1975 - 2019." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Ähnliche Treffer
auch deutschsprachig erschienenWeiterführende Informationen
Frequencies and labels -
Literaturhinweis
Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975-2019 (2021)
Zitatform
Frodermann, Corinna, Andreas Ganzer, Alexandra Schmucker & Philipp Vom Berge (2021): Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien Regionalfile (SIAB-R) 1975-2019. (FDZ-Datenreport 05/2021 (de)), Nürnberg, 83 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZD.2105de.v1
Abstract
"Dieser Datenreport beschreibt das „Regionalfile“ der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB-R) 1975 - 2019. Der Datensatz stellt die faktisch anonymisierte Version der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (SIAB) dar und wird nach Abschluss eines Nutzungsvertrages mit dem IAB an Forschungseinrichtungen übermittelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Frodermann, Corinna ; Ganzer, Andreas; Schmucker, Alexandra; Vom Berge, Philipp ;Ähnliche Treffer
FDZ-Datenreport , 05/2021 (en)Weiterführende Informationen
Auszählungen -
Literaturhinweis
Labor Demand Response to Labor Supply Incentives: Lessons from the German Mini-Job Reform (2021)
Zitatform
Galassi, Gabriela (2021): Labor Demand Response to Labor Supply Incentives: Lessons from the German Mini-Job Reform. (Staff working paper / Bank of Canada 2021,15), Ottawa, 92 S.
Abstract
"This paper analyzes how firms respond to changes in tax benefits for low-earning workers and how, through equilibrium effects, such policies also affect non-targeted, high-earning workers. I explore establishment-level outcomes around Germany's 2003 Mini-Job Reform, which entailed a significant expansion of tax benefits for low-earning workers. Firms' responses are decomposed in terms of the scale effects that arise from lower labor costs and the substitution effects that are due to changes in the relative prices of low- and high-earning employment post-reform. Using a differences-in-differences approach, I document that highly exposed establishments—those with a high proportion of low-earning workers pre-reform—expand their number of employees relative to non-exposed establishments–those with a low proportion of such workers. Importantly, this relative expansion is tilted towards high-earning workers, a group that is not the target of the tax benefits. In addition, non-exposed establishments substitute employment towards low-earning workers without expanding at the same pace. My findings are consistent with a model of the labor market that features tax sharing between workers and firms and simultaneous shifts in labor supply and demand after changes in tax benefits for low-earning workers. In this setting I illustrate that the employment growth the policy intended is accompanied by a reallocation of employment and production between highly exposed firms and non-exposed firms, and this may result in an efficiency loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Relationships that Last: Job Creation vs Job Duration (2021)
Gehrke, Britta; Wong, Jacob;Zitatform
Gehrke, Britta & Jacob Wong (2021): Relationships that Last: Job Creation vs Job Duration. (School of Economics working papers / The University of Adelaide, School of Economics 2021-01), Adelaide, 27 S.
Abstract
"This paper documents observations about the duration of jobs created by establishments at various points along an establishment age curve. Using an employer-employee matched dataset from Germany, we observe a checkmark-shaped relationship between expected job duration and establishment age at the time of job creation. A simple frictional labour market model with two-sided heterogeneity featuring on-the-job search, a simple learning mechanism about worker ability and a life cycle productivity profile for firms is built to frame a discussion around the empirical finding. The model's mechanical job-ladder is shown to be able to produce such stylized correlations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Gehrke, Britta; -
Literaturhinweis
Skill premiums and the supply of young workers in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Glitz, Albrecht & Daniel Wissmann (2021): Skill premiums and the supply of young workers in Germany. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 72. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102034
Abstract
"In this paper, we study the development and underlying drivers of skill premiums in Germany between 1980 and 2008. We show that the significant increase in the medium-to-low skill premium since the late 1980s was almost exclusively concentrated among workers aged 30 or below. Using a nested CES production function framework which allows for imperfect substitutability between young and old workers, we show that changes in relative labor supplies can explain these patterns very well. A cohort-level analysis reveals that distinct secular changes in the educational attainment of the native population are the primary source of the declining relative supply of medium-skilled workers in Germany. Low-skilled immigration, in contrast, only plays a secondary role in explaining the rising lower-end wage inequality in Germany over recent decades." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Causal Effect of Exposure to Female-Dominated Work on Men's Occupational Choices: Evidence from the Suspension of the Civilian Service in Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Hamjediers, Maik (2021): The Causal Effect of Exposure to Female-Dominated Work on Men's Occupational Choices. Evidence from the Suspension of the Civilian Service in Germany. (SocArXiv papers), 30, 8 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/apvky
Abstract
"Occupational segregation is one of the primary mechanisms for gender inequalities in labor market outcomes and persists partly because men rarely enter female-dominated occupations. Social Cognitive Career Theory explains occupational segregation via a lack of learning experiences in gender-atypical tasks and several programs have been proposed to foster occupational integration by exposing individuals to gender-atypical learning experiences. However, research on men working in female-dominated occupations revealed positive as well as negative experiences made within them. As most studies do not account for potential self-selection into gender-atypical occupations, it is an open question whether and how exposure to female-dominated occupations affects men's occupational choices. In response, I exploit exogenous variation induced by the suspension of Germany’s civilian service in 2011. The civilian service was a social sector alternative to a compulsory military service. I describe selection into the civilian service based on cross-section data (AID:A 2009) to assess to whom a potential effect would apply. A difference-in-difference design leverages German social security insurance register data (SIAB) to compare birth cohorts of men before and after the suspension and employs women who were not eligible for compulsory services as a control group. The suspension of the civilian service decreased the likelihood of men to enter female-dominated occupations by two percentage points. This result indicates that programs exposing men to gender-atypical learning experiences can facilitate occupational integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Miracle, Productivity Debacle: Measuring the Effects of Skill-Biased and Skill-Neutral Technical Change (2021)
Zitatform
Hutter, Christian & Enzo Weber (2021): Labour Market Miracle, Productivity Debacle: Measuring the Effects of Skill-Biased and Skill-Neutral Technical Change. In: Economic Modelling, Jg. 102, 2021-06-22. DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105584
Abstract
"This paper examines the role of skill-biased and skill-neutral technical change for productivity and employment. Thereby, we explore the puzzling macro development in Germany, witnessing job miracle and productivity debacle in parallel. In the literature, skill-biased technical change (SBTC) is known as an important driving factor for labour markets. We measure SBTC using comprehensive micro data and construct a structural macroeconometric framework identified by long-run restrictions. The results show that weaker SBTC explains 69 percent of the productivity slowdown since the early 2000s. Skill-biased technology shocks have a negative and skill-neutral technology shocks a positive hours effect. Twenty-five percent of the hours upswing since 2005 can be explained by reduced pressure from SBTC. Moreover, we analyse routine-biased technical change (RBTC) and find productivity and hours effects comparable to SBTC. However, only the latter can explain the job miracle – productivity debacle puzzle, since RBTC does not flatten substantially in the 2000s." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss (2021)
Jarosch, Gregor;Zitatform
Jarosch, Gregor (2021): Searching for Job Security and the Consequences of Job Loss. (NBER working paper 28481), Cambridge, MA, 56 S. DOI:10.3386/w28481
Abstract
"Job loss comes with large present value earnings losses which elude workhorse models of unemployment and labor market policy. I propose a parsimonious model of a frictional labor market in which jobs differ in terms of unemployment risk and workers search off- and on-the-job. This gives rise to a job ladder with slippery bottom rungs where unemployment spells beget unemployment spells. I allow for human capital to respond to time spent out of work and estimate the framework on German Social Security data. The model captures the joint response of wages, employment, and unemployment risk to job loss which I measure empirically. The key driver of the “unemployment scar” is the loss in job security and its interaction with the evolution of human capital." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies (2021)
Zitatform
Jung, Philip, Philipp Korfmann & Edgar Preugschat (2021): Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies. (IZA discussion paper 14204), Bonn, 75 S.
Abstract
"We document large and persistent spatial dispersion in unemployment rates, vacancies, labor market tightness, labor market flows, and wages for Germany on a granular regional level. We show that in the 1990s differences in inflows from employment to unemployment were the key driver of regional dispersion in unemployment rates while in the 2000s outflows became more important. To account for the documented regional dispersion we develop a spatial search and matching model with risk-averse agents, endogenous separations and unobservable search effort that leads to moral hazard and quantify the relative importance of 4 potential structural driving forces: dispersion in productivity, in the bargaining strength of workers, in idiosyncratic risk components and in regional matching efficiency. Based on region-specific estimates of these factors we then study the resulting policy trade-off between insurance, regional redistribution and efficiency. We design (optimal) region-specific labor market policies that can be implemented using hiring subsidies, layoff taxes, unemployment insurance benefits and transfers financed by social insurance contributions. We find that a move towards an optimal tax system that explicitly conditions on regional characteristics could lead to sizable welfare and employment gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fairness in Algorithmic Profiling: A German Case Study (2021)
Zitatform
Kern, Christoph, Ruben L. Bach, Hannah Mautner & Frauke Kreuter (2021): Fairness in Algorithmic Profiling: A German Case Study. (arXiv papers), 2021-08-04. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2108.04134
Abstract
"Algorithmic profiling is increasingly used in the public sector as a means to allocate limited public resources effectively and objectively. One example is the prediction-based statistical profiling of job seekers to guide the allocation of support measures by public employment services. However, empirical evaluations of potential side-effects such as unintended discrimination and fairness concerns are rare. In this study, we compare and evaluate statistical models for predicting job seekers' risk of becoming long-term unemployed with respect to prediction performance, fairness metrics, and vulnerabilities to data analysis decisions. Focusing on Germany as a use case, we evaluate profiling models under realistic conditions by utilizing administrative data on job seekers' employment histories that are routinely collected by German public employment services. Besides showing that these data can be used to predict long-term unemployment with competitive levels of accuracy, we highlight that different classification policies have very different fairness implications. We therefore call for rigorous auditing processes before such models are put to practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technologische Innovationen und Wandel der Arbeitswelt in Deutschland: Herausforderungen für die berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie die Re-Qualifizierung im Zuge des digitalen Wandels (2021)
Zitatform
Kirchmann, Andrea, Natalie Laub, Anastasia Maier, Anne Zühlke & Bernhard Boockmann (2021): Technologische Innovationen und Wandel der Arbeitswelt in Deutschland. Herausforderungen für die berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie die Re-Qualifizierung im Zuge des digitalen Wandels. (Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 2021-10), Berlin, 128 S.
Abstract
"Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit den Herausforderungen des digitale Wandels für die berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie für die Hochschullehre. Dafür wurden eine breit angelegte Literaturanalyse sowie die Auswertung verschiedener Indikatoren vorgenommen. Den Kern der Studie bilden Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten. Die Gespräche ergeben, dass alle Ausbildungsberufe von der Digitalisierung betroffen sind. Dennoch behält die duale berufliche Ausbildung auch im Zuge des digitalen Wandels einen hohen Stellenwert für die Wirtschaft. Vor allem in der Qualifikation des betrieblichen Ausbildungspersonals und der Lehrkräfte besteht noch erheblicher Handlungsbedarf, ebenso wie beim Umgang der Lehrenden an Hochschulen und in der Weiterbildung mit digitalen Lehr-Lern-Formaten. Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen stehen aufgrund von fehlender technologischer Ausstattung häufig vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen werden verschiedene Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Beispielsweise wird bereichsübergreifend die Förderung der didaktischen Weiterbildung im Umgang mit digitalen Lehr-Lernformaten empfohlen. Die Befähigung zu lebenslangem Lernen, die Bereitstellung funktionierender technischer Ausstattung und einer leistungsfähigen Infrastruktur stellen weitere Handlungsempfehlungen dar." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Machine Learning in Labor Economics: Clustering, Prediction, and Variable Selection in the Analysis of Female Employment (2021)
Zitatform
Klose, Sophie-Charlotte (2021): Machine Learning in Labor Economics: Clustering, Prediction, and Variable Selection in the Analysis of Female Employment. Duisburg, 174 S.
Abstract
"In three separate chapters, this dissertation (develops and) demonstrates the effective use of various ML tools to tackle different empirical purposes in the analysis of female employment. Chapter 2 deals with data-driven classification in the analysis of maternal employment. The chapter focuses on detecting latent group structures in the effect of motherhood on employment and examines how the introduction of a generous parental benefit reform impacts the different cluster groups. Chapter 3 turns to the prediction aspect of ML in labor economics and analyzes in a data-driven way how far childbirth can be predicted from a rich set of predictor variables derived from female employment and wage histories. Chapter 4 introduces ML tools for controlled variable selection to economists. More specifically the chapter extends a recently proposed approach for datadriven variable selection in high-dimensional linear models to the non-linear case and exemplifies its usefulness with an application towards the labor market. All three chapters share in common the sparsity principle (e.g., Hastie et al. [2015]), which assumes that the DGP can be modeled accurately by a small number of predictors, even though the actual number of variables at hand is large. Sparsity can be motivated on economic grounds in situations where a researcher believes that the underlying DGP is parsimonious but is unsure about the identity of the relevant variables. In empirical research, it allows the effective use of a large set of covariates while at the same time maintaining the spirit of parsimonious modeling in economics.
Cumulative Dissertation Containing Three Essays: (1) Identifying Latent Structures in Maternal Employment: Evidence on the German Parental Benefit Reform (2) Predicting the Incidence of Having a First Child based on Employment Records { A Machine Learning Approach (joint work with Marie Paul) (3) A Pipeline for Variable Selection and False Discovery Rate Control With an Application in Labor Economics (joint work with Johannes Lederer)" (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Money also is sunny in a retiree’s world: financial incentives and work after retirement (2021)
Zitatform
Lorenz, Svenja & Thomas Zwick (2021): Money also is sunny in a retiree’s world: financial incentives and work after retirement. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 55. DOI:10.1186/s12651-021-00304-1
Abstract
"This paper assesses the impact of financial incentives on working after retirement. The empirical analysis is based on a large administrative individual career data set that includes information about 2% of all German employees subject to social security or in marginal employment until age 67 and their employers in the period 1975–2014. We use the classical labor supply model and differentiate between the impact of (potential) labor and non-labor (pension entitlements) income. A Heckman-type two step selection model corrects for endogeneity. We show that labor income has a positive and non-labor income a negative impact on the decision to work after retirement. Especially individuals who can substantially increase their earnings in comparison to their pension entitlements accordingly have a higher probability to work. Men are more attracted by labor earnings incentives than women. Also individuals who work until retirement are easier attracted to work after retirement by higher labor income than those with gaps between employment exit and retirement. Our results allow the calculation of the impact of changes in taxes on labor and non-labor income and changes in earnings offers by employers on work after retirement for different demographic groups." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Apprenticeship non‑completion in Germany: a money matter? (2021)
Zitatform
Neuber-Pohl, Caroline (2021): Apprenticeship non‑completion in Germany: a money matter? In: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, Jg. 13. DOI:10.1186/s40461-021-00115-1
Abstract
"German establishments heavily rely on the apprenticeship system for skill supply. With one in four apprenticeship contracts ending before successful completion, it is in the interest of establishments and policy-makers to determine factors, which reduce non-completion. This paper investigates the role of apprenticeship wages and income prospects after completion for apprenticeship non-completion in Germany. For this purpose, this study identifies incidences of apprenticeship non-completion in a large sample of administrative data on employment biographies and estimates a piecewise exponential model of the non-completion hazard with shared frailties by occupations. The results suggest a robust and significant association with both apprenticeship wages and skilled worker wages. All else at means, apprenticeships which are paid 5% more than the mean apprenticeship wage, on average have a 0.8 percentage points higher estimated survival rate. In turn, an apprenticeship expected to lead to a skilled job that is paid 5% above average, has an estimated survival rate, which is 3.1 percentage points higher on average. These findings highlight the importance of income prospects for apprenticeship non-completion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The value of apprentices in the care sector: the effect of apprenticeship costs on the mobility of graduates from apprenticeship training (2021)
Zitatform
Schuss, Eric (2021): The value of apprentices in the care sector: the effect of apprenticeship costs on the mobility of graduates from apprenticeship training. In: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, Jg. 13. DOI:10.1186/s40461-021-00118-y
Abstract
"This paper provides evidence on the effect of apprenticeship costs on the decision whether care facilities employ apprenticeship graduates after completing apprenticeship training. To account for the endogeneity in apprenticeship costs, we exploit an exogenous reduction in the apprenticeship costs of care facilities by exploiting the fact that the underlying apprenticeship levy was introduced across the German federal states at different points in time. We find that the redistribution of apprenticeship costs increases the probability of leaving the training facility after completing apprenticeship training by 10 percentage points. Furthermore, we use this quasi-experimental setting to estimate the effect of mobility of graduates on their wages, which hints at a negative relationship in the upper quartile of the wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect on economic development of creative class versus human capital: panel evidence from German regions (2021)
Zitatform
Tiruneh, Esubalew Alehegn, Silvia Sacchetti & Ermanno C. Tortia (2021): The effect on economic development of creative class versus human capital: panel evidence from German regions. In: European Planning Studies, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 75-93. DOI:10.1080/09654313.2020.1821611
Abstract
"The creative class thesis considers the creative class, compared to human capital, as a better driver of regional economic development. We test this thesis for Germany. We measure creative class and human capital by occupation and education, respectively using classification codes from The Sample of Integrated Labor Market Biographies (SIAB), and proxy regional economic development by per capita income and employment. Our panel estimation results with system GMM show that the human capital effect on per capita income is substantially stronger than the creative class, while the creative class drives employment far better than human capital does. The evidence does not support the notion that the creative class drives development better than human capital." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2019 - Programming examples for Stata (2021)
Zitatform
Vom Berge, Philipp & Alexandra Schmucker (2021): Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2019 - Programming examples for Stata. (FDZ-Methodenreport 05/2021 (en)), Nürnberg, 14 S. DOI:10.5164/IAB.FDZM.2105.en.v1
Abstract
"Der vorliegende FDZ-Methodenreport (einschließlich der Programmierbeispiele für Stata) beschreibt die Erstellung von Querschnittdaten auf Basis der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (Version 1975-2019) zu frei wählbaren Stichtagen. Zudem werden die Generierung von biografischen Merkmalen und das Vorgehen, das Sonderzahlungen und die dazugehörigen Tagesentgelte aufsummiert, erläutert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Stata do-files -
Literaturhinweis
The impact of technological age: An empirical analysis of technological change induced human capital depreciation and its influence on wages and the likelihood to leave an occupation (2021)
Wirp, Marc Christoph;Zitatform
Wirp, Marc Christoph (2021): The impact of technological age. An empirical analysis of technological change induced human capital depreciation and its influence on wages and the likelihood to leave an occupation. Mainz, 360 S. DOI:10.25358/openscience-6190
Abstract
"This analysis establishes the novel concept of technological age as a measure of occupation specific technologically induced human capital depreciation. The hypothesis is that technological age makes workers less efficient in their adoption of new technologies and leads to lower wages or workers leaving their occupations. Therefore, the analysis estimates the impact of technological age on wages and on the probability that workers leave their occupations. To measure technological age, the analysis uses the “Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working conditions in Germany” dataset to estimate technological change for 28 occupations in the timeframe 1979-2006. This occupation specific technological change is then used to estimate an individual technological age for 971,510 individuals in the dataset “Sample of Integrated Labor Market Biographies Description.” As hypothesized, technological age has a negative and significant impact on wages in most occupations during the sample period. Alas, when looking at sub-sample estimations, it becomes clear that technological age has a positive impact on wages in the timeframe from 1979-1999 and that technological age only has a negative impact on wages in the timeframe from 2000-2006. Furthermore, technological age makes workers more likely to leave their occupations in most occupations during the sample period. Yet again, when looking at sub sample periods, technological age makes workers more likely to leave their occupations during the years 1979-1999 and less likely during the years 2000-2006. Technological age surprisingly always has a more negative impact in less technologically intensive occupations. Workers in less technologically intensive occupations are affected more by the wage effect of technological age and workers in less technologically intensive occupations are more likely to leave their occupations due to technological age. This is true for the entire sample period as well as the sub sample timeframes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Essays on Regional Labour Mobility (2021)
Zitatform
Zimmermann, Michael Walter (2021): Essays on Regional Labour Mobility. Münster, 107 S.
Abstract
Die kumulative Dissertation umfasst neben einer einordnenden und zusammenfassenden Einleitung drei Beiträge: (1) 'Regional Labour Migration - Stylized Facts for Germany' untersucht die regionale Arbeitskräftemobilität zwischen 1995 und 2017 unter den Ausprägungen Arbeitslosigkeitsrate, Preisniveau und Bevölkerungsdichte (für das Jahr 2016) und präsentiert ein weiterentwickeltes Gravitationsmodell zur Bestimmung der Determinanten von Binnenmigration. (2). 'Directed Search on the Job in Local Labour Markets' untersucht den Gegenstand aus der Mikroperspektive, basierend auf dem Wanderungsmodell von Sjaastad, nach dem sich die ökonomische Disparitäten durch Arbeitskräftewanderung verändern, wenn Arbeitnehmer den Nutzen ihrer Lebensarbeitszeit durch rationale Wahl des Wohnortes maximieren. (3) 'Labour Mobility - A Multiregional New Keynesian Model' stellt ein multiregionales Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE)-Modell vor, das die aus der Literatur bekannten Standardelemente enthält. Zur Ergänzung werden hier die Finanzmärkte mit Inflation, Preisfestsetzung und Lohnverhandlungen einbezogen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Lebenslagen in Deutschland: Der Sechste Armuts- und Reichtumsbericht der Bundesregierung: Kurzfassung (2021)
Zitatform
(2021): Lebenslagen in Deutschland: Der Sechste Armuts- und Reichtumsbericht der Bundesregierung. Kurzfassung. (Lebenslagen in Deutschland. Armuts- und Reichtumsberichterstattung der Bundesregierung 6), 72 S.
Abstract
"Die Ergebnisse des Berichts zeigen, dass der überwiegende Teil der Menschen in stabilen sozialen Lagen lebt: Deutschland ist keine "Abstiegsgesellschaft", weiterhin bestehen gute Aufstiegschancen aus der Mitte nach Oben. Problematisch ist die Verfestigung in den unteren sozialen Lagen, aus denen es im Zeitablauf immer weniger Personen gelungen ist, aufzusteigen. Hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie deuten die vorliegenden Befragungs- bzw. erste Forschungsergebnisse darauf hin, dass die Sozialschutzpakete bislang negative Verteilungseffekte weitgehend vermieden haben und durch die Regelungen des Kurzarbeitergeldes die Beschäftigung gesichert werden konnte. Langfristig gilt es aber, die Bereich Bildung und Betreuung besonders im Blick zu behalten, da sich hier in den Belastungen sozioökonomische Unterschiede gezeigt haben. Der Bericht dient dazu, die Lebenslagen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger zu analysieren, die Wirksamkeit der bisherigen Politikansätze zu überprüfen und neue Maßnahmen anzuregen. Die soziale Lage in Deutschland wird dafür ausführlich beschrieben. Zugrunde liegen die vorliegenden Statistiken und eigens für den Bericht in Auftrag gegebene Forschungsvorhaben. Die aktuellen Daten bewertet der Bericht mit Blick auf die Entwicklung der sozialen Aufstiegschancen und Abstiegsrisiken innerhalb der Biographie und – soweit möglich – auch im Vergleich zu früheren Alterskohorten und Generationen. Für diesen Sechsten Armuts- und Reichtumsbericht wurden erstmals Einzelinformationen aus verschiedenen Dimensionen (Einkommen, Vermögen, Erwerbsintegration und Wohnungsausstattung) miteinander verknüpft, um soziale Lagen auch in der Gesamtschau zu bewerten und im Zeitablauf zu vergleichen. Die ebenfalls erstmals durchgeführte Untersuchung zur Verfügbarkeit und Inanspruchnahme der sozialen Infrastruktur und von Angeboten der Daseinsvorsorge nimmt ergänzend die Bedeutung nicht-monetärer Leistungen für soziale und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe in den Blick. Verstärkt wurde auch die Analyse, wie Verteilungsergebnisse und soziale Mobilität individuell erfahren und bewertet werden. In Ergänzung zu einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsbefragung, die differenzierte Auswertungen ermöglicht hat, wurden Personen aus benachteiligten sozialen Lagen zu ihren Biografien, ihrer Lebenssituation und ihren Zukunftsaussichten persönlich interviewt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Educational expansion and educational wage premiums of young male employees: A long-term analysis for West Germany 1976–2010 (2020)
Zitatform
Alda, Holger, Anett Friedrich & Daniela Rohrbach-Schmidt (2020): Educational expansion and educational wage premiums of young male employees. A long-term analysis for West Germany 1976–2010. In: Social science research, Jg. 85. DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102351
Abstract
"For decades, Western societies have experienced educational expansion accompanied by an upgrading of skills. The literature provides competing hypotheses on the consequences for educational wage returns — among them are the positional value theory, routine-biased technological change, and the social closure theory. We test these theoretical perspectives empirically on young, male full-time workers in West Germany between 1976 and 2010 in two ideal-type occupational segments using 2.34 million administrative earnings records (Sample of Integrated Labor Market Biographies, SIAB). Our findings show no credential inflation across all levels of education. Instead, the picture in both segments — negative effects of educational expansion on the returns to medium- but not high-level skills — confirms the predictions of routine-biased technological change. Wage premiums for medium-skilled workers differ between segments: the premiums worsen over time in the general segment whereas social-closure mechanisms seem to weaken this negative trend for vocational graduates in the specific segment." (Author's Abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Market Polarization, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power (2020)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir & Hanna Frings (2020): Labor Market Polarization, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power. (IZA discussion paper 13989), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
"Using a semi-structural approach based on a dynamic monopsony model, we examine to what extent workers performing different job tasks are exposed to different degrees of monopsony power, and whether these differences in monopsony power have changed over the last 30 years. We find that workers performing mostly non-routine cognitive tasks are exposed to a higher degree of monopsony power than workers performing routine or non-routine manual tasks. Job-specific human capital and non-pecuniary job characteristics are the most likely explanations for this result. We find no evidence that labour market polarisation has increased monopsony power over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Demir, Gökay; -
Literaturhinweis
History dependence in wages and cyclical selection: evidence from Germany (2020)
Zitatform
Bauer, Anja & Benjamin Lochner (2020): History dependence in wages and cyclical selection: evidence from Germany. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 67, 2020-10-10. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101932
Abstract
"Using administrative employer-employee data from Germany, we investigate the behavior of individual wages over the business cycle. We present evidence that both contractual wage arrangements and cyclical match quality are a key feature of the German labor market. We show that parts of the excess wage cyclicality of new hires discussed by the literature can be explained by cyclical job ladder movements in match quality of new hires from employment. Guided by the literature of job reassignments, we additionally allow for variation in the match quality within an employer-employee match. Besides support for job-specific contracts, our novel main results show that much of the excess wage cyclicality of job changers can be explained by occupation switching workers." (Author's abstract, © 2020 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring and non-monotonic employment effects across industries in general equilibrium (2020)
Zitatform
Baumgarten, Daniel, Michael Irlacher & Michael Koch (2020): Offshoring and non-monotonic employment effects across industries in general equilibrium. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 130. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103583
Abstract
"We address the mismatch between existing theoretical models and standard empirical practice in the analysis of the labor market effects of offshoring. While theory focuses on one-sector or two-sector models, empirical studies exploit variation in offshoring across a large number of industries, typically including a linear offshoring term in the analysis. Thereby, these studies implicitly assume a monotonic relationship between offshoring and labor market outcomes and ignore general-equilibrium effects across industries. We analyze the effects of offshoring across a continuum of industries with different shares of offshorable tasks that are linked through labor and capital markets in general oligopolistic equilibrium (GOLE). Our main result is that offshoring generates a hump-shaped pattern of employment changes across industries. While the relocation effect reduces employment in offshoring-intensive industries, labor demand in industries with a high prevalence of domestic production falls because of rising domestic wages and firm exits in general equilibrium. In the empirical part, we test the non-monotonic employment effects across industries in response to an offshoring shock by focusing on Germany after the fall of the Iron Curtain. We find strong empirical support for the hump shape in the changes of employment across industries with different scopes for offshoring, which is almost entirely due to the extensive margin, underscoring the importance of establishment entry and exit. Finally, we discuss important implications for empirical and theoretical research arising from our study." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- FDZ Publikationen / FDZ publications
- Arbeiten und Lernen im Wandel / Working and Learning in a Changing World (ALWA)
- BA-Beschäftigtenpanel / BA Employment Panel
- Berufliche Weiterbildung und lebenslanges Lernen (WeLL)/Further Training and Lifelong Learning (WeLL
- Berufstätigenerhebung 1989 (BTE1989) / Employment survey for East Germany (DDR) 1989 (BTE1989)
- Beschäftigtenbefragung "Bonuszahlungen, Lohnzuwächse und Gerechtigkeit" - BLoG
- Betriebsbefragung IAB-IZA-ZEW-Arbeitswelt 4.0 (BIZA) und DiWaBe-Beschäftigtenbefragung
- Biografiedaten dt. Sozialversicherungsträger / Biographical data of social insurances (BASiD)
- Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries - Germany verknüpft mit administrativen Daten des IAB
- Daten der Treuhandanstalt verknüpft mit Betriebs-Historik-Panel (THA-BHP)
- Datensatz NEPS-SC1-ADIAB Neugeborene
- Datensatz NEPS-SC3-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 5
- Datensatz NEPS-SC4-ADIAB Schüler Klasse 9
- Datensatz NEPS-SC5-ADIAB Studierende
- Datensatz NEPS-SC6-ADIAB Erwachsene
- Datensatz SOEP-CMI-ADIAB
- Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen verknüpft mit administrativen Daten des IAB (GAV-ADIAB) 1975-2019
- GAW-IAB-Gründerbefragung
- German Management and Organizational Practices (GMOP) Survey
- IAB-BAMF-SOEP Befragung von Geflüchteten
- IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe / IAB Employment Sample
- IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel / IAB Establishment History Panel
- IAB-Betriebspanel / IAB Establishment Panel
- IAB-Datensatz BeCovid
- IAB-Datensatz HOPP
- IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz (LIAB) / Linked Employer-Employee Data from the IAB
- IAB-Querschnittsbefragung / Cross-sectional survey
- IAB-SOEP Migrationsstichprobe (IAB-SOEP MIG)
- IAB-Stellenerhebung / IAB Job Vacancy Survey
- IZA/IAB Administrativer Evaluationsdatensatz (AED und LED) / IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey
- Kundenbefragung zu Organisationsstrukturen nach SGB II / Client survey on German SGBII-Agencies
- LidA - Leben in der Arbeit
- Linked Inventor Biography Data
- Linked Personnel Panel (LPP)
- Mannheimer Unternehmenspanel (MUP) verknüpft mit Daten des IAB
- Panel Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung (PASS) / Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security
- Stichprobe Integrierter Employer-Employee Daten (SIEED)/Sample of Integrated Employer-Employee Data
- Stichprobe der Integr. Arbeitsmarktbiografien/Sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB)
- Stichprobe der Integrierten Grundsicherungsbiografien (SIG)
- Stichprobe des Administrative Wage and Labor Market Flow Panel (FDZ-AWFP)
- Studie Mentale Gesundheit bei der Arbeit (S-MGA)