Zitatform

Quintini, Glenda & Sébastien Martin (2013): Same but different: School-to-work transitions in emerging and advanced economies. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 154), Paris, 57 S. DOI:10.1787/5jzbb2t1rcwc-en

Abstract

"Improving school-to-work transitions and ensuring better career opportunities for youth after labour market entrance are common goals in emerging and advanced economies as they can contribute to raising the productive potential of the economy and to increasing social cohesion. However, the challenges faced in achieving these objectives and the policies required vary between emerging and advanced economies. This paper analyses youth labour market outcomes in 16 countries: eight emerging countries and eight advanced economies. In light of this analysis, it also discusses differences and similarities in the policy measures countries have at their disposal to tackle the key emerging challenges." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rottmann, Joachim, Gabriele Böheim-Galehr, Christian Brühwiler & Philipp Gonon (Hrsg.) (2013): Berufsorientierung und regionales Übergangsmanagement in der internationalen Bodenseeregion. Chancen, Kompetenzen, Entwicklungspotenziale. Beiträge zur Fachtagung an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Weingarten 2012. (Studien zur beruflichen Kompetenzentwicklung 02), Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 244 S. DOI:10.3726/978-3-653-03486-8

Abstract

"Das international vergleichend angelegte Forschungsprojekt BRÜCKE untersucht die Bedingungen des Übergangs Heranwachsender vom allgemeinbildenden Schulsystem in die berufliche Ausbildung. Erstmals werden hierzu die besonderen Übergangsbedingungen in der Internationalen Bodenseeregion in den Blick genommen. Es gilt dabei ein hoch differenziertes Gesamtbild ordnungspolitischer, organisationaler und personaler Rahmenbedingungen für individuelle Übergänge aufzudecken. Auf der Grundlage eines umfassenden Lagebilds sollen sich, so die Erwartung, Hinweise zur Optimierung der (individuellen) Übergangsvorbereitung wie -gestaltung in der Region finden lassen. Der Band stellt erste Ergebnisse des Projekts dar und entwickelt Perspektiven für die Optimierung des regionalen Übergangsmanagements." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Vilhjalmsdottir, Gudbjörg & Gudmundur B. Arnkelsson (2013): Social aspects of career choice from the perspective of habitus theory. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 83, H. 3, S. 581-590. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.08.002

Abstract

"The concept of habitus designates a cognitive structure that is socially embedded and can give valuable insight into the social influences on career choice. A study investigating the relationship of habitus to career choice is presented in a sample of Icelandic youth aged 19 - 22 (N = 476). Measures of habitus were developed on the basis of reported cultural and leisure activities. The analysis of leisure and cultural items progressed in two steps: factor analysis and cluster analysis. The clusters constitute the four different habitus groups: Pop and fashion, Sports and rock, Music, and Literature. Correspondence factor analysis showed that the habitus groups (clusters) were related to other social variables, such as gender and class; validating habitus theory. Additionally, habitus measures were strongly linked to career variables, such as occupational perception and preferred future occupation. The results support previous research in showing that habitus theory is relevant to career counseling theory and can be a basis of understanding the relationship between social structure and career choice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gati, Itamar, Reuma Gadassi & Rona Mashiah-Cohen (2012): Career decision-making profiles vs. styles. Convergent and incremental validity. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 81, H. 1, S. 2-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.03.004

Abstract

"The present research investigated the convergent and incremental validity of the multidimensional mode) and questionnaire - the Career Decision-Making Profiles (CDMP, Gati, Landman, Davidovitch, Peretz-Asulin, & Gadassi, 2010) - by comparing it to two prevalent decision-making style models. Study 1 compared the CDMP to the Vocational Decision Style Indicator (VDSI: Walsh, 1986) using a sample of 423 young adults. Study 2 compared the CDMP to the General Decision-Making Style inventory (GDMS: Scott & Bruce, 1995; based an Harren, 1979) using a sample of 427 individuals. The results of Studies 1 and 2 supported the convergent validity of the CDMP. Moreover, the results supported the advantage of the CDMP over the VDSI in predicting individuals' stages in the career decision-making process" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Guichard, Jean, Jacques Pouyaud, Cécile de Calan & Bernadette Dumora (2012): Identity construction and career development interventions with emerging adults. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 81, H. 1, S. 52-58. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.04.004

Abstract

"Today's wealthy societies are more fluid, varied and complex than they were just a few decades ago. As a consequence, what were 'vocational choices' at the beginning of the 20th century now appear as 'life designing issues'. In this context, contemporary research stresses the plurality and relative malleability of human subjects as well as their ability to take reflexive stances on their current and past experiences. Fitting in such an epistemology, a selfconstructing model is proposed as a basis for a life designing counseling interview. This model describes self-identity as a dynamic system of (past, present and expected) subjective identity forms (SIF), the synthesis and dynamism of which originate in a tension between two kinds of reflexivity. Counseling interviews with emerging adults show that the elicitation of some expected SIF allows them to re-read their current and past experiences from such a perspective and constitutes a compelling incentive to act." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mansel, Jürgen & Carsten Speck (Hrsg.) (2012): Jugend und Arbeit. Empirische Bestandsaufnahmen und Analysen. (Jugendforschung), Weinheim: Beltz, 306 S.

Abstract

"Arbeit ist ein zentraler Aspekt der Identitätsentwicklung. Erst mit dem Eintritt in das Erwerbsleben gilt die für die Jugendphase zentrale Entwicklungsaufgabe als erfolgreich bewältigt. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, in welchen Lebenssituationen Jugendliche in unterschiedlichen Statuspassagen und sozialen Milieus aufwachsen und wie sie ihre beruflichen Lebenssituationen und biografischen Perspektiven wahrnehmen und gestalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Steiner, Karin, Monira Kerler & Sandra Schneeweiß (2012): Berufs- und Arbeitsmarktorientierung für Jugendliche. Anforderungen im Wirkungsbereich von Pädagogischen Hochschulen und AMS. (AMS report 88), Wien, 64 S.

Abstract

"In einem ersten Schritt werden in diesem Bericht der Status quo und die Trends in der schulischen und außerschulischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungslandschaft in Österreich dargestellt. Im Anschluss wird kurz der Wirkungsbereich der Pädagogischen Hochschulen skizziert. In einem nächsten Schritt folgt die Darstellung der Literaturanalyse über die Anforderungen an die schulische Bildungs- und Berufsberatung. In diesem theoretischen Teil werden die Ergebnisse der Literaturanalyse skizziert. Im methodischen Teil werden die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Analyse dargestellt. Diese basieren auf den zehn durchgeführten qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews mit ExpertInnen. Dabei wurden ExpertInnen aus dem Wirkungsbereich der Pädagogischen Hochschulen, aus außerschulischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsinstitutionen, aus dem Wissenschaftsbereich und aus dem Bereich des zuständigen Ministeriums gewählt. Im vorletzten Schritt werden kurz jene Punkte zusammengefasst, die von den ExpertInnen als Mängel im schulischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungssystem in Österreich genannt wurden. Den Abschluss bildet eine Zusammenfassung der theoretischen und empirischen Ergebnisse." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Brown, Sarah, Aurora Ortiz-Nunez & Karl Taylor (2011): What will I be when I grow up? An analysis of childhood expectations and career outcomes. In: Economics of education review, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. S . 493-506. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.12.003

Abstract

"In this paper, we utilise the British National Child Development Study to explore the determinants of career expectations formed at the age of 16. We analyse the influence of careers advice and resources at school on career expectations as well as the influence of education. In addition, we explore the accuracy of occupational expectations as compared to the occupation that the respondents subsequently become employed in. Throughout our findings, human capital and gender play a pivotal role in explaining career expectations as well as explaining the accuracy of the occupational forecast. Interestingly, the level of school resources available for careers guidance in terms of the number of teachers who are qualified to give careers advice and the amount of specific careers guidance training received by these teachers both have relatively small effects upon career expectations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bubany, Shawn T. & Jo-Ida C. Hansen (2011): Birth cohort change in the vocational interests of female and male college students. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 59-67. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.08.002

Abstract

"The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which vocational interests have changed across birth cohorts of college students to better understand how socio-cultural factors may have an impact on career development. Using meta-analytic data collection methods, dissertations and journal articles presenting interests scores representing Holland's RIASEC typology from the Strong Interest Inventory and Strong Campbell interest inventory were gathered. With samples spanning a time period from 1976 to 2004, relations between cohort year and interests were examined with weighted regressions. A salient aspect of our results was an increase in the Enterprising interests of females and decrease in the Realistic and Investigative interests of males. This finding, along with a reduction in differences between female and male Investigative, Enterprising, and Conventional interests from earlier to more recent cohorts parallels movement of American culture toward egalitarian views of gender and provides evidence for the effect of sociocultural factors on interests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chevalier, Arnaud (2011): Subject choice and earnings of UK graduates. (IZA discussion paper 5652), Bonn, 36 S.

Abstract

"Using a survey of a cohort of UK graduates, linked to administrative data on higher education participation, this paper investigates the labour market attainment of recent graduates by subject of study. We document a large heterogeneity in the mean wages of graduates from different subjects and a considerably larger one within subject with individuals with the most favourable unobserved characteristics obtaining wages almost twice as large as those with the worst. Moreover, gender differences in wages within subjects are also large. We then simulate a graduate tax to calculate a willingness to pay - in form of tuition fees - to capture these subject wage premia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Demiralp, Berna (2011): Occupational self-selection in a labor market with moral hazard. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 497-519. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2010.07.005

Abstract

"This paper studies the determinants and implications of self-selection when firms imperfectly observe worker effort. The effects of the resulting moral hazard problem on the self-selection mechanism are analyzed in a model in which workers simultaneously choose an employment sector and an effort level. The implications of the model reveal that in the presence of moral hazard, workers' effort decisions become an additional mechanism determining the pattern of selection into sectors. Workers' sector-specific endowments impact sectoral allocation through their effect on workers' comparative advantage as well as their effect on workers' shirking propensity. The model is then used in an empirical application that analyzes workers' self-selection into white collar and blue collar occupations. The estimation results, based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, suggest that workers' occupational self-selection leads to higher wages and lower dismissal rates in both occupations, compared to an economy in which workers are randomly assigned to each occupation. The difference in dismissal rates between the two occupations is driven by the higher expected productivity in the white collar sector. The positive effects of occupational sorting diminish as the labor market becomes increasingly characterized by moral hazard. Results also suggest that human capital investments in skills that are most relevant to blue collar jobs may generate higher wages and lower dismissal rates in both white collar and blue collar occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dietrich, Julia, Bärbel Kracke & Jari-Erik Nurmi (2011): Parents' role in adolescents' decision on a college major. A weekly diary study. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 134-144. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.003

Abstract

"This study examined 39 adolescents during their transition to university. In standardized weekly diaries over several weeks (M = 8.13) adolescents reported on engagement in career exploration (in-breadth and in-depth self and environmental exploration), their parents' transition-related involvement (frequency of conversations, support, and interference), and their satisfaction with how the transition progressed. The results showed that exploration largely fluctuated across weeks, whereas parent involvement was more stable. Family members' engagement varied according to the phase of the application process the adolescent was involved in. The more adolescents explored during a given week, the more they talked to their parents, and the more supportive parents were. Associations between interference and exploration differed by type of exploration. Both exploration and support contributed to higher satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Emran, M. Shahe & Forhad Shilpi (2011): Intergenerational occupational mobility in rural economy. Evidence from Nepal and Vietnam. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 427-458.

Abstract

"This paper presents evidence on intergenerational occupational mobility from agriculture to the nonfarm sector using survey data from Nepal and Vietnam. In the absence of credible instruments, the degree of selection on observables is used as a guide to the degree of selection on unobservables, a' la Altonji et al. (2005) to address the unobserved genetic correlations. The results show that intergenerational occupational mobility is lower among women in both countries, and is lower in Nepal compared with Vietnam. In the case of Nepal, strong evidence favors a causal role played by the mother's nonfarm participation in the daughter's occupation choice, possibly because of cultural inheritance in a traditional society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hellerstein, Judith K. & Melinda Sandler Morrill (2011): Dads and daughters. The changing impact of fathers on women's occupational choices. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 333-372.

Abstract

"We examine whether women's rising labor force participation led to increased intergenerational transmission of occupation from fathers to daughters. We develop a model where fathers invest in human capital that is specific to their own occupations. Our model generates an empirical test where we compare the trends in the probabilities that women work in their father's versus their father-in-law's occupation. Using data from birth cohorts born between 1909 and 1977, our results indicate that the estimated difference in these trends accounts for at least 13 - 20 percent of the total increase in the probability that a woman enters her father's occupation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hirschi, Andreas (2011): Career-choice readiness in adolescence. Developmental trajectories and individual differences. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 340-348. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.005

Abstract

"Developing career-choice readiness is an important task in adolescence, but current theory and research has provided a rather static view of the phenomenon. The present study investigated the development of career-choice readiness among a group of 325 Swiss students assessed four times every 5 months from seventh through eighth grade. A variable-centered approach applying latent curve modeling showed not only a linear increase of readiness over time but also significant inter-individual differences in the level and development of readiness. Higher levels were predicted by more self-esteem and generalized self-efficacy and fewer perceived barriers while increase in readiness was predicted by increase in occupational information. A person-centered approach applying latent class-growth analysis identified four distinct developmental trajectories: high-increasing (42%), high-decreasing (5%), moderate-increasing (42%), and constantly low (11%). Students with different trajectories showed significant differences in core self-evaluations, occupational knowledge, and barriers. The results suggest that environmental demands promote a developmental trend in readiness development that overrules individual differences for the majority of students. Individual differences affect the level of readiness to a greater extent than the process of its development. Career information seems pivotal for readiness increase." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ortega, Javier & Gregory Verdugo (2011): Immigration and the occupational choice of natives. A factor proportions approach. (IZA discussion paper 5451), Bonn, 43 S.

Abstract

"This paper evaluates the impact of immigration on the labor market outcomes of natives in France over the period 1962-1999. Combining large (up to 25%) extracts from six censuses and data from Labor Force Surveys, we exploit the variation in the immigrant share across education/experience cells and over time to identify the impact of immigration. In the Borjas (2003) specification, we find that a 10% increase in immigration increases native wages by 3%. However, as the number of immigrants and the number of natives are positively and strongly correlated across cells, the immigrant share may not be a good measure of the immigration shock. When the log of natives and the log of immigrants are used as regressors instead, the impact of immigration on natives' wages is still positive but much smaller, and natives' wages are negatively related to the number of natives. To understand this asymmetry and the positive impact of immigration on wages, we explore the link between immigration and the occupational distribution of natives within education/experience cells. Our results suggest that immigration leads to the reallocation of natives to better-paid occupations within education/experience cells." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stoll, François, Marco Vannotti & Marc Schreiber (2011): Einstieg in die Berufswelt. Rahmenbedingungen und Voraussetzungen einer gelingenden Berufswahl. Eine empirische Studie. (Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Eidgenössische Jugendbefragungen 21), Glarus: Rüegger, 254 S.

Abstract

"Junge Menschen müssen sich ihren Zugang zur Arbeitswelt erarbeiten. Diese Entwicklungsaufgabe wird sehr unterschiedlich angegangen. Dies nicht zuletzt deshalb, weil sie sich in ihren Einstellungen und Wertvorstellungen, in ihren Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten sowie auch in ihren Präferenzen unterscheiden. Diese Vielfalt und der Aufbau einer u.a. auf das Berufsleben orientierten Persönlichkeit stehen im Zentrum der vorgestellten Untersuchung. Die entsprechende Erhebung wurde 2004 und 2005 durchgeführt. Die Hauptstichprobe besteht aus mehr als 40'000 jungen Schweizer Männern. Sie wurde durch drei schweizweit repräsentative Zufallsstichproben ergänzt: gleichaltrige Schweizer Frauen (1'660), Ausländer (130) und Ausländerinnen (165). Die grosse Mehrheit ist mit dem eingeschlagenen beruflichen Weg zufrieden und plant bereits weitere Schritte in der Arbeits- und Berufswelt. Die Erweiterung der beruflichen Kompetenzen wird von den jungen Erwachsenen mit Entwicklungsaufgaben in anderen Lebensbereichen (wie z.B. Familie, Freundeskreis, Freizeit) abgestimmt. Ein kleiner Teil der rund 20-jährigen jungen Erwachsenen ist noch nicht so weit, sei es, weil sie bisher nur wenig Kontakt zur Berufswelt hatten, oder sei es, weil sie noch nicht wissen, wohin ihre gegenwärtige Ausbildung sie führen soll. Bekanntlich bietet unsere Arbeitswelt sehr viele Optionen; daraus die richtige Wahl zu treffen, ist nicht immer einfach, denn jede Wahl kann sowohl als Gewinn wie auch als Verlust empfunden werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Understanding how and why individuals make career decisions can help improve the delivery of careers guidance. This report explores individuals' beliefs, values and motivations in making career decisions and proposes areas for further consideration as new approaches to delivering careers guidance are developed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bentolila, Samuel, Claudio Michelacci & Javier Suarez (2010): Social contacts and occupational choice. In: Economica, Jg. 77, H. 305, S. 20-45. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00717.x

Abstract

"Social contacts help to find jobs, but not necessarily in the occupations where workers are most productive. Hence social contacts can generate mismatch between workers' occupational choices and their productive advantage. Accordingly, social networks can lead to low labour force quality, low returns to firms' investment and depressed aggregate productivity. We analyse surveys from both the US and Europe including information on job finding through contacts. Consistent with our predictions, contacts reduce unemployment duration by 1 - 3 months on average, but they are associated with wage discounts of at least 2.5%. We also find some evidence of negative externalities on aggregate productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Buchinsky, Moshe & Phillip Leslie (2010): Educational attainment and the changing U.S wage structure: dynamic implications on young individuals' choices. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 541-594.

Abstract

"We present a dynamic model of individuals' educational investments that allows us to explore alternative modeling strategies for forecasting future wage distributions. The key innovation we propose is an approach to forecasting that relies only on the information that would be available at the actual time decisions are made and which incorporates the role of parameter uncertainty into the decision-making process. We compare the performance of our method with alternative models of forecasting behavior, based on CPS data over the period 1964 - 2004." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hunt, Jennifer (2010): Why do women leave science and engineering? (NBER working paper 15853), Cambridge, Mass., 43 S. DOI:10.3386/w15853

Abstract

"I use the 1993 and 2003 National Surveys of College Graduates to examine the higher exit rate of women compared to men from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering rather than science, and show that 60% of the gap can be explained by the relatively greater exit rate from engineering of women dissatisfied with pay and promotion opportunities. Contrary to the existing literature, I find that family - related constraints and dissatisfaction with working conditions are only secondary factors. My results differ due to my use of non - science and engineering fields as a comparison group. The relative exit rate by gender from engineering does not differ from that of other fields once women's relatively high exit rates from male fields generally is taken into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Noack, Peter, Bärbel Kracke, Burkhard Gniewosz & Julia Dietrich (2010): Parental and school effects on students' occupational exploration: A longitudinal and multilevel analysis. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 77, H. 1, S. 50-57. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.006

Abstract

"The study examines school and parental influences on adolescents' occupational exploration. Analyses of data from 859 6th, 8th, and 10th graders attending high- and lower-track high schools in the German federal state of Thuringia suggested more extensive exploration among students closer to the school-to-work transition. Besides cross-sectional effects of parenting and achievement orientation at school, acceptance and openness students experienced in class predicted increases of their exploratory behaviors. Multilevel analyses showed, however, that school effects operated on the level of subjective perceptions (individual level), but not on the level of intersubjective reality (classroom level). Implications for attempts to foster and facilitate exploration are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rothland, Martin (2010): Der Einfluss des lokalen Hochschulangebots auf die Studienwahl. In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 683-706.

Abstract

"'Den Funktionszuweisungen und Wirkungserwartungen, die sich in der Verschiedene Studien belegen, dass das lokale Hochschulangebot bzw. die Distanz zur nächstgelegenen Universität das Studienverhalten beeinflusst: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Studium zu ergreifen, steigt mit der geographischen Nähe zu einer Hochschule. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Frage auf die Wahl des Studienfachs sowie der Hochschulinstitution ausgedehnt und in einem humankapitaltheoretischen Ansatz am Beispiel der ETH Zürich, der Universität Luzern sowie der pädagogischen Hochschulen analysiert. Auf der Basis einer repräsentativen Maturandenbefragung in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz (n?=?1454) kann regressionsanalytisch gezeigt werden, dass die Distanz zur nächstgelegenen Hochschule auch einen Einfluss auf die Fächer- und die Institutionenwahl hat. Die Befunde sind hochschulpolitisch von Bedeutung, weil sie Hinweise auf eine angebotsinduzierte Studiennachfrage liefern. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass bei Studierenden mit höherem sozioökonomischen Status das Studienverhalten durch die Distanz nicht beeinflusst wird, was als Indiz dafür gewertet werden kann, dass die Bedeutung der Entfernung einer Hochschule in Wirklichkeit auf Unterschieden in den Kosten eines Studiums gründet." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Tracey, Terence J. G. (2010): Relation of interest and self-efficacy occupational congruence and career choice certainty. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 76, H. 3, S. 441-447. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.10.013

Abstract

"A sample of 2145 adults completed the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI) as well as indicating their occupational choice and the certainty of this choice. The PGI yielded interest and self-efficacy scores and these were used with the occupational choice to calculate a congruence score for interests and one for efficacy. The prediction of career certainty by each congruence measure and their interaction was examined using hierarchical regression. The results indicated that while both interest and efficacy congruence were related to career certainty, efficacy congruence did not add to prediction above that obtained using interests congruence alone, however there was a substantial interaction. The agreement of interest congruence and efficacy congruence was related to a strong positive relation between congruence and certainty; whereas low agreement between interest and efficacy congruence was related to a non-significant relation between congruence and certainty. The results demonstrate the need to focus on both interest and efficacy and their agreement in our assessments and interventions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Uthayakumar, Ramya, Ulrich Schimmack, Paull J. Hartung & James R. Rogers (2010): Career decidedness as a predictor of subjective well-being. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 77, H. 2, S. 196-204. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.07.002

Abstract

"Forming, pursing, and achieving life tasks constitute important determinants of subjective well-being (SWB). A principal life task for emerging adults involves deciding about career goals. Prior research indicates that depression predicts SWB and may be linked to lower levels of career decidedness. We tested whether or not career decidedness predicts SWB above and beyond the influence of depression and other personality traits. We also examined whether or not career decidedness partially mediates depression's influence on SWB when controlled for personality effects. Undergraduate students (N = 181; 65% female, 52% Asian) responded to measures of career decidedness, SWB, and personality. Results largely confirmed predictions. A partial mediator model indicated a direct relationship between decidedness and SWB not moderated by grade level, and an inverse relationship between the depression facet of neuroticism and both career decidedness and SWB. Findings further support career interventions to increase decidedness during the first year of college." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Yamaguchi, Shintaro (2010): Career progression and comparative advantage. In: Labour economics, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 679-689. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.01.006

Abstract

"This paper constructs and estimates a structural dynamic model of occupational choice in which all occupations are characterized in a skill requirement space using data from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and the NLSY79. This skill requirement space approach has its merit in computational simplicity as well as ease of interpretation: it allows the model to include hundreds of occupations at the three-digit census classification level without a large number of parameters. Parameter estimates indicate that wages grow with the skill requirements of an occupation and that educated and experienced individuals are better rewarded in a cognitive and interpersonal skill demanding occupation. They also suggest that ignoring self-selection into occupations and individual heterogeneity may result in counter-intuitive and biased estimates of the returns to skill requirements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Andrew, Alison (2009): Challenging boundaries to 'employability'. Women apprentices in a non-traditional occupation. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 8, H. 3, S. 347-359. DOI:10.1017/S1474746409004898

Abstract

"This article is based on a case study of women apprentices and workers in a 'non-traditional' occupation for women, engineering construction. The article argues that the concept of 'employability' is not gender neutral, and that gendered assumptions about who is and is not 'employable' for particular work can disadvantage women seeking training and work in non-traditional industries or dissuade them from applying to do so. Approaches to employability which emphasise individual attributes underplay the significance of gender inequalities and wider discourses of gender." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Creed, Peter A., Tracy Fallon & Michelle Hood (2009): The relationship between career adaptability, person and situation variables, and career concerns in young adults. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 74, H. 2, S. 219-229. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.12.004

Abstract

"We surveyed 245 first-year university students using measures of career concerns, career adaptability (career planning, career exploration, self-exploration, decision-making, self-regulation), goal-orientation (learning, performance-prove, performance-avoid) and social support (family, friends, significant others), and tested: (a) whether the career adaptability variables could be represented by a second-order factor of career adaptability; (b) whether career adaptability, goal-orientation and social support were associated with fewer career concerns; and (c) whether career adaptability mediated the relationship between goal-orientation and social support and career concerns. The study demonstrated that the career adaptability variables were inter-related and could be represented by a higher-order factor. Decision-making and self-exploration were negatively associated with career concerns, and decision-making mediated the relationship between goal-orientation and career concerns. Having more of a learning orientation was associated with more decision-making and fewer career concerns, whereas holding a performance-prove orientation was associated with poorer decision-making and more career concerns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Creed, Peter A., Oi Yin Wong & Michelle Hood (2009): Career decision-making, career barriers and occupational aspirations in Chinese adolescents. In: International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Jg. 9, H. 3, S. 189-203. DOI:10.1007/s10775-009-9165-0

Abstract

"Diese Studie untersuchte bei 498 chinesischen Oberschülern die Beziehungen zwischen beschäftigungsbezogenen Zielen einerseits und Erwartungen (bezogen auf Typus und Status) andererseits, sowie daneben Entscheidungsschwierigkeiten, Entscheidungseffizienz und Karrierehemmnisse. Männliche Jugendliche strebten die Berufstypen Forschung sowie Wirtschaft an, rechneten aber eher mit realistischen Berufstypen und dem Berufstyp Wirtschaft; weibliche Jugendliche strebten den Berufstyp Wirtschaft sowie konventionelle Berufstypen an. SchülerInnen, bei denen sich die erhofften Ziele und die erwarteten Möglichkeiten unterschieden, waren mit erhöhter Wahrscheinlichkeit weibliche Jugendliche mit guten Leistungen; diejenigen, bei denen sich der erhoffte und der erwartete Status unterschieden, hatten eher schwächere Leistungen, weniger Selbstvertrauen, und rechneten mit mehr Karrierehemmnissen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Falck, Oliver & Stephan Heblich (2009): Identity and entrepreneurship. (CESifo working paper 2661), München, 41 S.

Abstract

"We incorporate the concept of social identity into a stylized model of occupational choice and analyze whether an individual's identity affects his or her decision to become an entrepreneur. We argue that an entrepreneurial identity results from an individual's socialization. This could be parental influence but, as argued in this paper, also peer influence. To test this empirically, we apply instrumental variable approaches to PISA data. Our findings suggest that having an entrepreneurial peer group has a positive effect on an individual's entrepreneurial intentions. Regarding entrepreneurial parents, we find a positive effect that cannot only be explained by ownership succession of the family business." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gupta, Vishal K., Daniel B. Turban, S. Arzu Wasti & Arijit Sikdar (2009): The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. In: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 397-417. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00296.x

Abstract

"In this study we examine the role of socially constructed gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship and their influence on men and women's entrepreneurial intentions. Data on characteristics of males, females, and entrepreneurs were collected from young adults in three countries. As hypothesized, entrepreneurs were perceived to have predominantly masculine characteristics. Additional results revealed that although both men and women perceive entrepreneurs to have characteristics similar to those of males (masculine gender-role stereotype), only women also perceived entrepreneurs and females as having similar characteristics (feminine gender-role stereotype). Further, though men and women did not differ in their entrepreneurial intentions, those who perceived themselves as more similar to males (high on male gender identification) had higher entrepreneurial intentions than those who saw themselves as less similar to males (low male gender identification). No such difference was found for people who saw themselves as more or less similar to females (female gender identification). The results were consistent across the three countries. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ham, Roger, Pramod N. Junankar & Robert Wells (2009): Occupational choice. Personality matters. (IZA discussion paper 4105), Bonn, 37 S.

Abstract

"In modern societies, people are often classified as 'White Collar' or 'Blue Collar' workers: that classification not only informs social scientists about the kind of work that they do, but also about their social standing, their social interests, their family ties, and their approach to life in general. This analysis will examine the effect of an individual's psychometrically derived personality traits and status of their parents on the probability of attaining a white collar occupation over the baseline category of a blue collar occupation; controlling for human capital and other factors. The paper uses data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to estimate a random effects probit model to capture the effects on the probability of being in a white collar occupation. The results are then examined using the average marginal effects of the different conditioning variables over the whole sample. The analysis confirms the previous findings of human capital theory, but finds that personality and parental status also have significant effects on occupational outcomes. The results suggest that the magnitude of the average marginal effect of parental status is small and the effect of the personality trait 'conscientiousness' is large and rivals that of education. Finally, estimates of separate models for males and females indicate that effects differ between the genders for key variables, with personality traits in females having a relatively larger effect on their occupational outcomes due to the diminished effects of education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hirsch, Andreas & Fred W. Vondracek (2009): Adaptation of career goals to self and opportunities in early adolescence. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 75, H. 2, S. 120-128. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.005

Abstract

"Development of career goals that are adapted to self and opportunities is a central component of adolescent career preparation. The present longitudinal study (conducted throughout the eighth grade with three assessment points) investigated how 330 Swiss adolescents simultaneously adapt career goals to interests, scholastic achievement and environmental opportunities. Results demonstrated that students increasingly adapt their goals to the environment. Mean adaptation to environment related positively to degree of adaption to interests and achievement. Increased adaptation to environment over time related to increased adaptation to achievement but to decreased adaptation to interests. Gender, attended school type and nationality moderated adaptation processes. Structurally disadvantaged students (girls, lower requirements school track, immigrant students) reported more conflict in aligning adaptation to environment with adaptation to interests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hirschi, Andreas (2009): Career adaptability development in adolescence. Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 74, H. 2, S. 145-155. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.002

Abstract

"This longitudinal panel study investigated predictors of career adaptability development and its effect on development of sense of power and experience of life satisfaction among 330 Swiss eighth graders. A multivariate measure of career adaptability consisting of career choice readiness, planning, exploration, and confidence was applied. Based on Motivational Systems Theory four groups of predictors were assessed: positive emotional disposition, goal decidedness, capability beliefs and social context beliefs. Influence of gender, age, immigration background, parental educational level, and college-bound or vocational education plans were also assessed. Perceived social support and positive emotional disposition, non-immigration background, and continuing to vocational education were single significant predictors of more career adaptability development over the school year. Supporting the connection of career adaptability and positive youth development, increase in career adaptability over time predicted increase in sense of power and experience of life satisfaction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Howard, Kimberly A.S., Lea Ferrari, Laura Nota, V. Scott H. Solberg & Salvatore Soresi (2009): The relation of cultural context and social relationships to career development in middle school. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 75, H. 2, S. 100-108. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.013

Abstract

"This study examined the role of supportive relationships (i.e., family, teacher, and peer) and agency (i.e., self-efficacy, motivation, and goal-setting orientation) on three outcomes: academic grades, distress, and career decidedness. Data from 588 middle school youth from Northern (N = 322) and Southern (N = 266) Italy were analyzed using path modeling. Results indicated that across gender and region, agency was consistently related to academic grades and career decidedness. However, the role of supportive relationships was found to differ across gender and region. For both boys from Northern Italy and girls from Southern Italy, the impact of family support on academic grades and career decidedness was mediated by agency. For girls from Northern Italy, family support related directly to academic grades and career decidedness. Implications for practice were described." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Livanos, Ilias & Konstantinos Pouliakas (2009): The gender wage gap as a function of educational degree choices in an occupationally segregated EU country. (IZA discussion paper 4636), Bonn, 31 S.

Abstract

"This study investigates the extent to which differences in the subject of degree studied by male and female university graduates contributes to the gender pay gap, and the reasons underlying their distinct educational choices. The case of Greece is examined due to the fact that it is an EU country with historically large gender discrepancies in earnings and occupational segregation. Using micro-data from the Greek Labour Force Survey (LFS), the returns to academic disciplines are firstly estimated by gender. It is found that the subjects in which women are relatively over-represented (e.g. Education, Humanities) are also those with the lowest wage returns. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions subsequently imply that gender differences in the type of degree studied can explain an additional 8.4% of the malefemale pay gap. Risk-augmented earnings functions of the Hartog-type also indicate that women seek for less risky educations that consequently command lower wage premiums in the job market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Praag, Mirjam Van (2009): Who values the status of the entrepreneur? (IZA discussion paper 4245), Bonn, 20 S.

Abstract

"Parker and Van Praag (2009) showed, based on theory, that the group status of the profession 'entrepreneurship' shapes people's occupational preferences and thus their choice behavior. The current study focuses on the determinants and consequences of the group status of a profession, entrepreneurship in particular. If the group status of entrepreneurship is related to individual choice behavior, it is policy relevant to better understand this relationship and the determinants of the status of the entrepreneur. For reasons outlined in the introduction, this study focuses on (800) students in the Netherlands. We find that the status of occupations is mostly determined by the required level of education, the income level to be expected and respect. Furthermore, our results imply that entrepreneurship is associated with hard work, high incomes, but little power and education. Moreover, we find evidence that individual characteristics, such as entrepreneurship experience, vary systematically with the perceived status of occupations, thereby contributing ammunition to a fundamental discussion in the literature. Finally, we find a strong association between the perceived status of the entrepreneur and the estimated likelihood and willingness to become an entrepreneur." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Sullivan, Paul (2009): Estimation of an occupational choice model when occupations are misclassified. In: The Journal of Human Resources, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 495-535. DOI:10.3368/jhr.44.2.495

Abstract

"This paper develops an empirical occupational choice model that corrects for misclassification in occupational choices and measurement error in occupation-specific work experience. The model is used to estimate the extent of measurement error in occupation data and quantify the bias that results from ignoring measurement error in occupation codes when studying the determinants of occupational choices and estimating the effects of occupation-specific human capital on wages. The parameter estimates reveal that 9 percent of occupational choices in the 1979 cohort of the NLSY are misclassified. Ignoring misclassification leads to biases that affect the conclusions drawn from empirical occupational choice models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vignoli, Emmanuelle (2009): Inter-relationships among attachment to mother and father, self-esteem, and career indecision. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 75, H. 2, S. 91-99. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.007

Abstract

"This study investigated the mediating role of adolescents' global self-esteem, based on the relationship between adolescents' mother or father attachment and their career indecision; as well as the mediating role of adolescents' career indecision on the relationship between mother or father attachment and self-esteem. Two hundred and forty-one adolescents completed a self-report questionnaire that measured the difficulty in making decisions about their future academic and vocational careers, their global self-esteem, and their attachment to their parents. Results showed that the more adolescents felt attached to their mother and father the easier it was for them to make career decisions. The self-esteem mediation hypothesis is supported as a function of parent and adolescent gender. Similarly, the mediating role of career indecision is confirmed and depends on the gender of both parents and adolescents. Interpersonal context, identity development, adolescent career development and the relationship between them are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Armstrong, Patrick Ian, James Rounds & Lawrence Hubert (2008): Re-conceptualizing the past. Historical data in vocational interest research. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 72, H. 3, S. 284-297. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2007.09.004

Abstract

"Noteworthy progress has been made in the development of statistical models for evaluating the structure of vocational interests over the past three decades. It is proposed that historically significant interest datasets, when combined with modern structural methods of data analysis, provide an opportunity to re-examine the underlying assumptions of J.L. Holland's [Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 35-45; Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources] RIASEC model. To illustrate this potential, data obtained from J. P. Guilford's study of interest structure were re-analyzed using modern circumplex and hierarchical clustering techniques to evaluate Holland's and I. Gati's [Gati, I. (1979). A hierarchical model for the structure of interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 15, 90-106; Gati, I. (1991). The structure of vocational interests. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 309-324] interest structures. Obtained results indicate that a circumplex model can be used to effectively represent the structure underlying Guilford's interest measures. However, hierarchical clustering results suggest that Holland's RIASEC types may not be the most effective categories for grouping specific interest measures into broader interest areas. The current findings provide support for the continued investigation of alternatives to Holland's interest categories using modern measures of basic interests." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Case, Anne, Christina Paxson & Mahnaz Islam (2008): Making sense of the labor market height premium. Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey. (NBER working paper 14007), Cambridge, Mass., 11 S. DOI:10.3386/w14007

Abstract

"We use nine waves of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) to investigate the large labor market height premium observed in the BHPS, where each inch of height is associated with a 1.5 percent increase in wages, for both men and women. We find that half of the premium can be explained by the association between height and educational attainment among BHPS participants. Of the remaining premium, half can be explained by taller individuals selecting into higher status occupations and industries. These effects are consistent with our earlier findings that taller individuals on average have greater cognitive function, which manifests in greater educational attainment, and better labor market opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cushing, Brian (2008): The joint choice of an individual's occupation and destinantion. In: Journal of regional science, Jg. 48, H. 5, S. 893-919. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00570.x

Abstract

"This study examines the relationship between an individual's occupation choice and destination choice. It portrays the relationship as an interaction between the supply of occupational skills by individuals and demand by different labor-market regions. The unusual merger of a multinomial logit model of occupational choice and the conditional logit model of destination choice in a simultaneous equation framework requires derivation of a unique variance-covariance matrix. Results indicate strong association between supply of (migration) and demand for (industry mix) an individual's occupational skills. These effects are especially strong for destinations experiencing slow economic growth, while relatively unimportant for high-growth locations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Colombier, Nathalie & David Masclet (2008): Intergenerational correlation in self employment. Some further evidence from French ECHP data. In: Small business economics, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 423-437. DOI:10.1007/s11187-007-9059-9

Abstract

"Previous empirical work has shown that self-employment is correlated across generations, so that the children of the self-employed are themselves more likely to be self-employed. However, the reason for this intergenerational correlation remains unclear. This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, using French data from the European Community Household Panel Survey, we provide a further examination of this intergenerational correlation among the self-employed. In particular we investigate to what extent the intergenerational correlation in self-employment reflects occupational following. The second contribution of our paper is to investigate the differences between first- and second-generation self-employed workers and their possible explanations. Even though our results indicate that having self-employed parents increases the probability of being self-employed, irrespective of occupation, we do observe that a large majority of individuals enter the same (or very similar) occupation as their parents, which is consistent with occupational following. Our results also reveal some differences between the first- and second-generation self-employed. Formal education is more important for the first-generation self-employed (those whose parents are not self-employed) than for the second-generation self-employed. Further, the first-generation self-employed, who received less informal human capital than the second-generation self-employed, compensate for this shortcoming by acquiring more formal education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Danner, Magali & Gilles Galode (2008): L'insertion des femmes artistes. Entre obstables culturels et choix rationnels. In: Formation Emploi H. 104, S. 37-52.

Abstract

"Künstlerinnen hatten es früher schwer, öffentliche Anerkennung für ihr Werk zu erlangen, da ihnen der Zugang zu Kunstakademien und ausstellenden Instituten und Orten lange Zeit verwehrt wurde. Heutzutage können Frauen an Kunst- und Fachhochschulen studieren, wobei die Zahl der weiblichen Studierenden die der männlichen bei Weitem übersteigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen Aspekte der Eingliederung dieser Kunsthochschul-Absolventinnen hinterfragt und beleuchtet werden. Diese Untersuchung macht - ähnlich wie die meisten anderen Studien zu diesem Thema - deutlich, wie sehr die Berufswahl von Künstlerinnen immer noch von kulturellen Zwängen und Hemmnissen geprägt ist. Absolventinnen von Kunsthochschulen haben meist größere Eingliederungs-Probleme als ihre männlichen Kommilitonen. Sie versuchen auch seltener sich auf dem Kunstmarkt zu etablieren, sondern suchen eher nach einer bezahlten Arbeit mit sicheren Arbeitsbedingungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag geht es nicht darum, Künstlerinnen als passive Opfer einer Diskriminierung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu sehen, im Vordergrund stehen vielmehr die rationalen Beweggründe und pragmatischen Erwägungen, die bei der Wahl ihrer beruflichen Orientierung eine Rolle spielen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Denzler, Stefan & Stefan C. Wolter (2008): Selbstselektion bei der Wahl eines Lehramtsstudiums. Zum Zusammenspiel individueller und institutioneller Faktoren. In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 30, H. 4, S. 112-141.

Abstract

"Die Selbstselektion bei der Wahl einer Lehrerausbildung hat einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zusammensetzung des zukünftigen Lehrkörpers. Dementsprechend verdient auch die Frage, wer sich überhaupt für den Lehrberuf interessiert, mehr Beachtung. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus einem Forschungsprojekt zur Studien- und Berufswahl von Gymnasiastinnen und Gymnasiasten in der Schweiz vorgestellt. Die Analysen beruhen auf einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 1.567 Schülerinnen und Schülern kurz vor der Reifeprüfung. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass es eine Selbstselektion in die Studiengänge der Pädagogischen Hochschulen gibt, die auf den Faktoren Geschlecht, Herkunft sowie Fächerkombination am Gymnasium beruht und die durch institutionelle und strukturelle Merkmale des Hochschultyps und dessen Studiengänge verstärkt wird. Dieser Befund bedeutet, dass die Auswahl zukünftiger Lehrpersonen auch entscheidend davon abhängt, wo und wie Lehrpersonen ausgebildet werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Doepke, Matthias & Fabrizio Zilibotti (2008): Occupational choice and the spirit of capitalism. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 123, H. 2, S. 747-793. DOI:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.747

Abstract

"The British Industrial Revolution triggered a socioeconomic transformation whereby the landowning aristocracy was replaced by industrial capitalists rising from the middle classes as the economically dominant group. We propose a theory of preference formation under financial market imperfections that can account for this pattern. Parents shape their children's preferences in response to economic incentives. Middle-class families in occupations requiring effort, skill, and experience develop patience and a work ethic, whereas upper-class families relying on rental income cultivate a refined taste for leisure. These class-specific attitudes, which are rooted in the nature of preindustrial professions, become key determinants of success once industrialization transforms the economic landscape." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Duru-Bellat, Marie, Annick Kieffer & David Reimer (2008): Patterns of social inequalities in access to higher education in France and Germany. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 49, H. 4/5, S. 347-368. DOI:10.1177/0020715208093081

Abstract

"This article explores social selectivity in access to tertiary education in France and Germany in the period from 1980 to 2000. Results of multinomial logistic regression models show that access to different postsecondary institutions is characterized by marked social background effects in both countries. Depending on the type of tertiary institution we consider in France or Germany, social selectivity into fields of study is also observed. Overall, there is no indication for substantial changes in the pattern of inequality in access to tertiary education in either country during the past two decades." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Eglin-Cahppuis, Noemi (2008): Wie die Studienwahl zustande kommt. In: Panorama. Bildung, Beratung, Arbeitsmarkt, Jg. 22, H. 6, S. 28-30.

Abstract

"Wer ein Studium wählt, schielt nur bedingt nach künftigen beruflichen Tätigkeiten. Dies zeigt eine Studie, die vom Schweizerischen Wissenschafts- und Technologierat (SWTR) in Auftrag gegeben wurde. Sie weist zudem nach, dass die Information über die Studien an den Gymnasien wesentlich verbessert werden sollte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Gould, Eric D. (2008): Marriage and career. The dynamic decisions of young men. In: Journal of Human Capital, Jg. 2, H. 4, S. 337-378. DOI:10.1086/597668

Abstract

"This paper examines the extent to which human capital and career decisions are affected by their potential returns in the marriage market. Although schooling and career decisions often are made before getting married, these decisions are likely to affect the future chances of receiving a marriage offer, the type of offer, and the probability of getting divorced. Therefore, I estimate a forward-looking model of the marriage and career decisions of young men between the ages of 16 and 39. The results show that if there were no returns to career choices in the marriage market, men would tend to work less, study less, and choose blue-collar jobs over white-collar jobs. These findings suggest that the existing literature underestimates the true returns to human capital investments by ignoring their returns in the marriage market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Grazier, S. & P.J. Sloane (2008): Accident risk, gender, family status and occupational choice in the UK. In: Labour economics, Jg. 15, H. 5, S. 938-957. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2007.07.007

Abstract

"Many studies show that women are more risk averse than men. In this paper, following DeLeire and Levy [Deleire T. and Levy H. (2004) 'Worker Sorting and the Risk of Death on the Job', Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 210-217.] for the US, we use family structure as a proxy for the degree of risk aversion to test the proposition that those with strong aversion to risk will make occupational choices biased towards safer jobs. In line with DeLeire and Levy we find that women are more risk averse than men and those that are single with children are more risk averse than those without. The effect on the degree of gender segregation is somewhat smaller than for the US." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))