Atypische Beschäftigung
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt wird zunehmend heterogener. Teilzeitbeschäftigung und Minijobs boomen. Ebenso haben befristete Beschäftigung und Leiharbeit an Bedeutung gewonnen und die Verbreitung von Flächentarifverträgen ist rückläufig. Diese atypischen Erwerbsformen geben Unternehmen mehr Flexibilität.
Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für Erwerbstätige, Arbeitslose und Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Themendossier bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
The proliferation and consequences of temporary help work: a cross-border comparison (2009)
Arsdale, David van; Mandarino, Michael;Zitatform
Arsdale, David van & Michael Mandarino (2009): The proliferation and consequences of temporary help work. A cross-border comparison. In: Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, Jg. 14, S. 1-12.
Abstract
"In the summer of 2008, we set out to hear from Ontario's growing population of temporary help workers, also known as, temporary service workers. Having already conducted studies of temporary help workers in the United States, we sought to compare the working conditions of temporary workers in Ontario to those of workers south of the border. We visited temporary agencies in Toronto and conducted in-depth interviews with over a dozen temporary help workers. Their circumstances are not unlike those of their U.S. counterparts - they are not adequately rewarded for their vital on-call role in contemporary capitalism and they become 'stuck' in this relatively new type of work, unable to find and secure full-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do peripheral workers do peripheral work?: comparing the use of highly skilled contractors and regular employees (2009)
Zitatform
Bidwell, Matthew (2009): Do peripheral workers do peripheral work? Comparing the use of highly skilled contractors and regular employees. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 62, H. 2, S. 200-225.
Abstract
"This paper uses data from a 2002 survey of project managers in a large, U.S.-based financial services institution to compare how contractors and regular employees were assigned to work within an information technology department. The author uses these data to test standard core-periphery arguments about the use of contingent workers, as well as accounts of contingent work that emphasize the interests of frontline managers. He finds that contractors and employees were used very similarly in most respects, although there were some differences. Contractors were less likely to be used in roles that were more critical to the firm, but more likely to be used when frontline managers' interests could conflict with the organization's. Contractors were also less likely to be given positions requiring knowledge of the business. No evidence is found, however, that other kinds of firm-specific skills affected how contractors were used." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On the character and organization of unregulated work in the cities of the United States (2009)
Zitatform
DeFilippis, James, Nina Martin, Annette Bernhardt & Siobhán McGrath (2009): On the character and organization of unregulated work in the cities of the United States. In: Urban Geography, Jg. 30, H. 1, S. 63-90. DOI:10.2747/0272-3638.30.1.63
Abstract
"In this article, we analyze the routine violations of employment and labor laws - what we call 'unregulated work' - in New York City and Chicago. In these jobs workers are paid less than the minimum wage, are subject to unsafe working conditions, and are fired for attempting to organize. These violations have become a routine part of the organization of production in industries that range from restaurants to construction to laundries to child care. Unregulated work has become a staple in U.S. urban economies and labor markets. In the context of deindustrialization in U.S. cities, these are the jobs that have grown in importance in metropolitan areas. And their role in providing the goods of collective consumption places them at the heart of what is producing 'the urban' in contemporary capitalism. Despite this significance, not enough has been done to systematically document and understand unregulated work as it exists across diverse industries. This article begins the process of filling this significant gap in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lone mothers, workfare and precarious employment: time for a Canadian basic income? (2009)
Evans, Patricia M.;Zitatform
Evans, Patricia M. (2009): Lone mothers, workfare and precarious employment. Time for a Canadian basic income? In: International social security review, Jg. 62, H. 1, S. 45-64. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.2008.01321.x
Abstract
"The growth of precarious employment poses significant challenges to current social assistance income support policies yet it remains largely neglected in policy-making arenas. Drawing upon qualitative data from a study in Ontario, Canada, this paper examines the particular implications of these challenges for lone mothers, who figure prominently both in non-standard employment and as targets for workfare policies. In the context of changing labour markets, the article considers the potential strengths and limitations of Basic Income approaches to achieving economic security for lone mothers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cumulative gender disadvantage in contract employment (2009)
Fernandez-Mateo, Isabel;Zitatform
Fernandez-Mateo, Isabel (2009): Cumulative gender disadvantage in contract employment. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 114, H. 4, S. 871-923. DOI:10.1086/595941
Abstract
"Women's wages do not grow with experience or tenure as much as men's do. Many accounts of this cumulative gender disadvantage attribute it to women's underinvestment in firm-specific skills. Yet if that were true, this disadvantage would not exist where firm-specific skills are not rewarded by the labor market. This article investigates this argument in the context of contract employment, where demand for firm specificity is minimal. Contrary to expectations, men still receive higher rewards than women over time. Drawing on quantitative evidence and qualitative fieldwork using job histories of high-skill contractors affiliated with a staffing firm, the author finds support for two sources of women's disadvantage: lower rates of movement across clients on the supply side and unmeasured demand-side factors by which similar levels of tenure and client transitions accrue lower rewards to women. Implications for research on gender stratification and career advancement in nonformalized labor markets are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nonstandard career paths and profiles of commitment to life roles: a complex relation (2009)
Zitatform
Fournier, Geneviève, Lise Lachance & Charles Bujold (2009): Nonstandard career paths and profiles of commitment to life roles. A complex relation. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 74, H. 3, S. 321-331. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.02.001
Abstract
"The career paths (ascending, interesting, uninteresting, descending) of 124 White Canadian francophones (62 men, 62 women) who had experienced nonstandard and precarious work for the last three years were examined in relation to the participants' profiles of commitment to three life roles (work, family, and duality, that is, investment in both career and family). The paths were derived from the content analysis of the data collected through semi-structured individual interviews. Quantitative tools were used to assess the importance of life roles and to compare the career paths as well as the commitment profiles with respect to specific and general anxiety. Among other results, a significant relationship was found between unsatisfying career paths and the duality profile, on the one hand, and higher levels of specific and general anxiety, on the other. The results are discussed with respect to the scientific literature. Implications for career counseling are suggested." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious work, insecure workers: employment relations in transition (2009)
Kalleberg, Arne L.;Zitatform
Kalleberg, Arne L. (2009): Precarious work, insecure workers. Employment relations in transition. In: American Sociological Review, Jg. 74, H. 1, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1177/000312240907400101
Abstract
"The growth of precarious work since the 1970s has emerged as a core contemporary concern within politics, in the media, and among researchers. Uncertain and unpredictable work contrasts with the relative security that characterized the three decades following World War II. Precarious work constitutes a global challenge that has a wide range of consequences cutting across many areas of concern to sociologists. Hence, it is increasingly important to understand the new workplace arrangements that generate precarious work and worker insecurity. A focus on employment relations forms the foundation of theories of the institutions and structures that generate precarious work and the cultural and individual factors that influence people's responses to uncertainty. Sociologists are well-positioned to explain, offer insight, and provide input into public policy about such changes and the state of contemporary employment relations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time workers: some key differences between primary and secondary earners (2009)
Shaefer, H. Luke;Zitatform
Shaefer, H. Luke (2009): Part-time workers: some key differences between primary and secondary earners. In: Monthly labor review, Jg. 132, H. 10, S. 3-15.
Abstract
"Data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS indicate that the proportion of part-time workers who are primary earners has grown over the past three decades; part-time primary earners face numerous social welfare challenges, whereas part-time secondary earners have social welfare outcomes that compare well with those of full-time workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Help or hindrance: Temporary help agencies and the United States transitory workforce (2009)
Zitatform
Summerfield, Fraser (2009): Help or hindrance: Temporary help agencies and the United States transitory workforce. (University of Guelph. Economics discussion paper 2009-11), Guelph, Ontario, 29 S.
Abstract
"The impact of a Temporary Help Agency (THA) job placement on an employee's future employment status and labour market income is examined using NLSY79 data for the late 1990s. Several matching estimators provide gender-specific estimates of the effects of temporary agency employment on future employment outcomes. Compared to direct-hire temps, women's earnings increase two years after THA employment, while men's do not. Four years after THA employment, women continue to benefit from THA jobs, while men experience lower earnings and probability of employment. We find THA work does not help men with future income or employability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and strategic staffing in the manufacturing sector (2009)
Zitatform
Vidal, Matt & Leann M. Tigges (2009): Temporary employment and strategic staffing in the manufacturing sector. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 48, H. 1, S. 55-72. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2008.00545.x
Abstract
"While prior research has identified different ways of using temporary workers to achieve numerical flexibility, quantitative analysis of temporary employment has been limited to a few key empirical indicators of demand variability that may confound important differences. Our analysis provides evidence that many manufacturers use temporary workers to achieve what we call planned and systematic numerical flexibility rather than simply in a reactive manner to deal with unexpected problems. Although temporary work may provide many benefits for employers, a key function appears to be the provision of numerical flexibility not to buffer core workers but to externalize certain jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender and the contours of precarious employment (2009)
Zitatform
Vosko, Leah F., Martha MacDonald & Iain Campbell (Hrsg.) (2009): Gender and the contours of precarious employment. (Routledge IAFFE Advances in feminist economics), Abingdon: Routledge, 280 S.
Abstract
"Precarious employment presents a monumental challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. The editors argue that these inequalities are evident at the national level across industrialized countries, as well as at the regional level within federal societies, such as Canada, Germany, the United States, and Australia and in the European Union. This book brings together contributions addressing this issue which include case studies exploring the size, nature, and dynamics of precarious employment in different industrialized countries and chapters examining conceptual and methodological challenges in the study of precarious employment in comparative perspective. The collection aims to yield new ways of understanding, conceptualizing, measuring, and responding, via public policy and other means - such as new forms of union organization and community organizing at multiple scales - to the forces driving labour market insecurity." (text exerp, IAB-Doku)
Content:
Leah F. Vosko, Martha Macdonald, Iain Campbell: Introduction: Gender and the concept of precarious employment (1-25);
Leah F. Vosko, Lisa F. Clark: Canada: Gendered precariousness and social reproduction (26-42);
Francoise Carre; James Heintz: The United States: Different sources of precariousness in a mosaic of employment arrangements (43-59);
Iain Campbell, Gillian Whithouse, Janeen Baxter: Australia: Casual employment, part-time employment and the resilience of the male-breadwinner model (60-75);
Heidi Gottfried: Japan: The reproductive bargain and the making of precarious employment (76-91);
Julia S. O'Connor: Ireland: Precarious employment in the context of the European Employment Strategy (92-107);
Jacqueline O'reilly, John Macinnes, Tizana Nazio, Jose M. Roche: The United Kingdom: From flexible employment to vulnerable workers (108-126);
Susanne D. Burri: The Netherlands: Precarious employment in a context of flexicurity (127-142);
Jeanne Fagnani, Marie-Therese Letablier: France: Precariousness, gender and the challenges for labour market policy (143-158);
John Macinnes: Spain: Continuity and change in precarious employment (159-176);
Claudia Weinkopf: Germany: Precarious employment and the rise of mini-jobs (177-193);
Inger Jonsson Anita Nyberg: Sweden: Precarious work and precarious unemployment (194-210);
Martha Macdonald. Spatial dimensions of gendered precariousness: Challenges for comparative analysis (211-225);
Sylvia Fuller: investigating longitudinal dimensions of precarious employment: Conceptual and practical issues (226-239);
Wallace Clement, Sophie Mathieu, Steven Prus Emre Uckardesler: Precarious lives in the new economy: Comparative intersectional analysis (240-255);
Pat Armstrong, Hugh Armstrong: Precarious employment in the health-care sector (256-270) -
Literaturhinweis
Rethinking the regulation of vulnerable work in the USA: a sector-based approach (2009)
Zitatform
Weil, David (2009): Rethinking the regulation of vulnerable work in the USA. A sector-based approach. In: Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 51, H. 3, S. 411-430. DOI:10.1177/0022185609104842
Abstract
"This article discusses one of the major challenges of US workplace policy: protecting roughly 35m workers who are vulnerable to a variety of major risks in the workplace. After laying out the dimensions of this problem, I show that the vulnerable workforce is concentrated in a subset of sectors with distinctive industry characteristics. Examining how employer organizations relate to one another in these sectors provides insight into some of the causes as well as possible solutions for redressing workforce vulnerability in the US as well as other countries facing similar problems." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Older married workers and nonstandard jobs: the effects of health and health insurance (2009)
Zitatform
Wenger, Jeffrey B. & Jeremy Reynolds (2009): Older married workers and nonstandard jobs. The effects of health and health insurance. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 48, H. 3, S. 411-431. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2009.00566.x
Abstract
"We examine the effects of health and health insurance coverage on older married workers' decisions to work in temporary, contract, part-time, self-employment, and regular full-time jobs. We model the behavior of older married workers as interdependent, showing that one spouse's health and insurance status affects the employment of the other. In general, we find that men and women are less likely to be employed in regular full-time jobs when they are in fair or poor health and are more likely to be in regular full-time employment when their spouses are in poor health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working for less? Women's part-time wage penalities across countries (2008)
Bardasi, Elena; Gornick, Janet C.;Zitatform
Bardasi, Elena & Janet C. Gornick (2008): Working for less? Women's part-time wage penalities across countries. In: Feminist economics, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 37-72. DOI:10.1080/13545700701716649
Abstract
"This paper investigates wage gaps between part- and full-time women workers in six OECD countries in die mid-1990s. Using comparable micro-data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), for Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden, the UK, and the US, die paper first assesses cross-national variation in the direction, magnitude, and composition of the part-time/full-time wage differential. Then it analyzes variations across these countries in occupational segregation between part- and full-time workers. The paper finds a part-time wage penalty among women workers in all countries, except Sweden. Other than in Sweden, occupational differences between part- and full-time workers dominate the portion of the wage gap that is explained by observed differences between die two groups of workers. Across countries, the degree of occupational segregation between female part- and full-time workers is negatively correlated with die Position of part-time workers' wages in the full-time wage distribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nonstandard, not substandard: The relationship among work arrangements, work attitudes, and job performance (2008)
Zitatform
Broschak, Joseph P., Alison Davis-Blake & Emily S. Block (2008): Nonstandard, not substandard: The relationship among work arrangements, work attitudes, and job performance. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 35, H. 1, S. 3-43. DOI:10.1177/0730888407309604
Abstract
"The authors investigate how nonstandard work arrangements shape work attitudes and behaviors. They find that attitudes and behaviors vary across different types of nonstandard work arrangements. As expected, retention part-time workers have more positive and agency temporary workers more negative attitudes toward their work arrangements than do standard workers. But contrary to conventional wisdom about temporary work arrangements, agency temporary workers who have opportunities to transition to standard employment arrangements have more positive attitudes toward supervisors and coworkers and are better performers than their peers in standard work arrangements. Part-time arrangements designed to retain valued workers do not produce increased commitment or other attitudinal benefits consistent with retention. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for the study of nonstandard work and the management of nonstandard workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational representations of workers in nonstandard and precarious work situations (2008)
Bujold, Charles; Fournier, Genevieve;Zitatform
Bujold, Charles & Genevieve Fournier (2008): Occupational representations of workers in nonstandard and precarious work situations. In: Journal of Career Assessment, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 339-359. DOI:10.1177/1069072708317380
Abstract
"The mental representations of employment precariousness, occupational success, and work were examined in a sample of 124 White Canadian francophones (62 men, 62 women) who had experienced nonstandard and precarious work for the last 3 years. Typologies of each of these representations were derived from the content analysis of the data collected through semistructured individual interviews. The results of this study are consistent with the literature, indicating that nonstandard and precarious workers do not constitute a monolithic population. Convergences, as well as diversity, were observed in the various representations. Besides, whereas the participants' representations of employment precariousness were mostly negative, those of occupational success and work bore witness to a rather hopeful conception of work life. The results are discussed with respect to the scientific literature and to the differences that were found between genders, age groups, and educational levels. Implications for career counseling and future research are provided." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and social inequality in Canada: exploring intersections of gender, race and immigration status (2008)
Zitatform
Fuller, Sylvia & Leah F. Vosko (2008): Temporary employment and social inequality in Canada. Exploring intersections of gender, race and immigration status. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 88, H. 1, S. 31-50. DOI:10.1007/s11205-007-9201-8
Abstract
"Using data from the 2002-2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of different types of temporary employment - fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment - for differently situated workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers' experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zeitarbeit hier und anderswo: viele Regeln lenken den Strom (2008)
Zitatform
Jahn, Elke J. (2008): Zeitarbeit hier und anderswo. Viele Regeln lenken den Strom. In: IAB-Forum H. 1, S. 20-25.
Abstract
Zeitarbeit in Deutschland ist eine boomende Branche, trotz geltender strenger Regularien. Von Teilen der Politik wird eine noch strengere Regulierung zum Schutz der Beschäftigten gefordert. Der Beitrag untersucht Wachstumszahlen und Regulierung dieses Sektors im internationalen Vergleich und gibt einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Charakteristika und Tätigkeiten der Zeitarbeit. Die Autorin kommt zu dem Schluss, dass sich die sozio-ökonomischen Merkmale und die Tätigkeiten der Leiharbeiter trotz schrittweiser Deregulierung und einem enormen Wachstum in den letzten beiden Dekaden kaum geändert haben. Der deutsche Zeitarbeitssektor ist vergleichsweise klein und liegt im internationalen Vergleich im europäischen Mittelfeld. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ländern hat der Dienstleistungsboom deutsche Zeitarbeitsfirmen nicht erfasst. In keinem anderen Land sind so viele Leiharbeiter in Fertigungsberufen tätig. Dementsprechend gering fällt der Frauenerwerbsanteil in der Zeitarbeitsbranche aus. Nach Meinung der Autorin ist es ungewiss, ob eine verschärfte Regulierung den Beschäftigten nutzen würde, da die Kosten für diese Erwerbsform in der Folge steigen würden. 'Sicher ist nur eines. Eine neue Reform schafft vor allem ein Beschäftigungshoch unter Juristen, die dann über den Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz und die folgende Frage entscheiden müssen: War der sich beklagende Leiharbeiter mit der Stammbelegschaft im Entleihbetrieb in jeder Hinsicht vergleichbar?' (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Working without commitments: precarious employment and health (2008)
Zitatform
Lewchuk, Wayne, Marlea Clarke & Alice de Wolff (2008): Working without commitments. Precarious employment and health. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 22, H. 3, S. 387-406. DOI:10.1177/0950017008093477
Abstract
"Using cross-sectional data from a Canadian population-based questionnaire, this article develops a new approach to understanding the impact of less permanent forms of employment on workers' health. It concludes that employment relationships where future employment is uncertain, where individuals are actively searching for new employment and where support is limited are associated with poorer health indicators." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary work and neoliberal government policy: evidence from British Columbia, Canada (2008)
Zitatform
MacPhail, Fiona & Paul Bowles (2008): Temporary work and neoliberal government policy. Evidence from British Columbia, Canada. In: International Review of Applied Economics, Jg. 22, H. 5, S. 545-563. DOI:10.1080/02692170802287524
Abstract
"We examine the impact of government policy on the incidence of temporary work by analysing the case of British Columbia (BC), Canada. The analysis is based upon the Canadian Labour Force Survey 1997-2004; temporary work is defined as work that is not expected to last for more than 6 months and includes seasonal, fixed-term, casual, and temporary help agency work. A case study of BC provides a valuable opportunity to assess the impacts of neoliberal government policy, designed to increase labour market flexibility, on the extent of temporary work because we are able to compare labour market trends in BC both before and after the reforms introduced in 2001 and to compare BC with other provinces in Canada that were not subject to such large changes in their policy environments. We find that the shift to neoliberal policies in BC led to significant increases in the likelihood of workers finding themselves in temporary employment. We also find that the likelihood of being a temporary worker in BC in the post-policy change period increases relative to all other provinces over the same period. Taken together, these results indicate that government policy is a key determinant of the level of temporary work. As such, the level of temporary work should be seen as a policy-sensitive variable, rather than as a phenomenon determined solely by the exogenous forces of globalization and technological change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of temporary employment on asset accumulation processes (2008)
Zitatform
McGrath, Donald M. & Lisa A. Keister (2008): The effect of temporary employment on asset accumulation processes. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 196-222. DOI:10.1177/0730888407312275
Abstract
"Temporary employment in the United States has increased considerably in recent decades, but the financial well-being of temporary employees is not well understood. This article examines the effect of both recent and past temporary employment on asset accumulation and portfolio behavior. The authors find that temporary work reduces workers' assets and that this negative effect remains even after a worker has left the temporary position. The authors also show that suppressed or delayed homeownership substantially contributes to the reduction of assets among temporary workers. These results provide insight into the role that work status plays in creating and maintaining wealth inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Non-standard employment and promotions: a within genders analysis (2008)
Zitatform
Zeytinoglu, Isik U. & Gordon B. Cooke (2008): Non-standard employment and promotions. A within genders analysis. In: The Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 50, H. 2, S. 319-337. DOI:10.1177/0022185607087905
Abstract
"This article examines promotion experiences of workers in nonstandard employment as compared to those in regular full-time employment. Since females dominate non-standard employment, we analyse the female and male labour forces separately. Non-standard employment refers to regular part-time, temporary full-time, and temporary part-time employment. Data comes from the Workplace and Employee Survey (1999) of Statistics Canada. Results are generalized to Canadian workers. Results show that within the female labour force, workers in all three types of non-standard employment are less likely to be promoted than workers in regular full-time employment. Within the male labour force only those in temporary part-time employment are less likely to be promoted. Working in regular part-time or temporary full-time contracts has no impact on promotion for male workers. Overall results suggest that all three types of non-standard work adversely affect females' promotion experiences but for males only those in temporary part-time jobs are adversely affected." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and pay (2007)
Zitatform
Addison, John T. & Christopher J. Surfieldt (2007): Atypical work and pay. In: Southern Economic Journal, Jg. 73, H. 4, S. 1038-1065.
Abstract
"Atypical work has long been criticized in popular debate as providing poorly compensated, precarious employment. Yet the empirical evidence is both incomplete and mixed. The main contribution of the present paper is to estimate wage differences for the full set of these alternative work arrangements while simultaneously controlling for observed demographic characteristics and unobserved person-specific fixed effects. The paper also allows for the skewness in atypical worker earnings while retaining the Mincerian human capital earnings function. Our improved estimates are consistent with some of the more optimistic findings reported in the literature, the caveat being that we are examining here only the wage component of the total compensation package." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary help agencies and the advancement prospects of low earners (2007)
Zitatform
Andersson, Frederik, Harry J. Holzer & Julia Lane (2007): Temporary help agencies and the advancement prospects of low earners. (NBER working paper 13434), Cambridge, Mass., 42 S. DOI:10.3386/w13434
Abstract
"In this paper we use a very large matched database on firms and employees to analyze the use of temporary agencies by low earners, and to estimate the impact of temp employment on subsequent employment outcomes for these workers. Our results show that, while temp workers have lower earnings than others while working at these agencies, their subsequent earnings are often higher - but only if they manage to gain stable work with other employers. Furthermore, the positive effects seem mostly to occur because those working for temp agencies subsequently gain access to higher-wage firms than do comparable low earners who do not work for temps. The positive effects we find seem to persist for up to six years beyond the period during which the temp employment occurred." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The growing problem of disconnected single mothers (2007)
Blank, Rebecca; Kovak, Brian;Zitatform
Blank, Rebecca & Brian Kovak (2007): The growing problem of disconnected single mothers. (National Poverty Center. Working Paper 07-28), Ann Arbor, 51 S.
Abstract
"While welfare reform and other recent policy changes have been associated with substantial increases in work and earnings among low-income, single-mother families, they have made assistance less available to those who find themselves out of work. This paper documents and examines an emerging phenomenon in which low-income single mothers increasingly report that they are not working and do not receive public assistance benefits; we refer to these as 'disconnected' families. As we show, this group is very poor. The majority of these families lives without other sources of household income and faces barriers to consistent employment. They appear to cycle in and out of disconnectedness, with the majority of cases beginning with job loss. Given rising numbers of disconnected single mothers, we believe it is valuable to assess possible changes in the safety net that might provide greater support to this group of women and their children. We propose and assess a number of potential policy responses aimed at strengthening the safety net for this needy and growing population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
(Not) taking account of precarious employment: workfare policies and lone mothers in Ontario and the UK (2007)
Evans, Patricia M.;Zitatform
Evans, Patricia M. (2007): (Not) taking account of precarious employment. Workfare policies and lone mothers in Ontario and the UK. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 29-49. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9515.2007.00537.x
Abstract
"Workfare is, at least in part, a policy response to changing labour markets and the expansion taking place in jobs that are low-paid, irregular and insecure. For lone mothers, increasingly the focus of workfare policies, precarious employment creates special challenges. However, the nature of the jobs that are available to women on social assistance has received relatively little attention in the workfare literature, which focuses more on individual characteristics, supports to employment, and programme impacts. Drawing upon both primary and secondary sources and using Ontario, the province with the most developed workfare programme in Canada, this article examines the ways in which policies support and enforce precarious employment. The article also considers the implications of precarious employment for UK policy, which has not (yet) adopted workfare for lone mothers, although incremental steps in that direction are taking place as employment is increasingly viewed as the appropriate objective of income support programmes for lone mothers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary help service firms' use of employer tax credits: implications for disadvantaged workers' labor market outcomes (2007)
Hamersma, Sarah; Heinrich, Carolyn;Zitatform
Hamersma, Sarah & Carolyn Heinrich (2007): Temporary help service firms' use of employer tax credits. Implications for disadvantaged workers' labor market outcomes. (Upjohn Institute staff working paper 2007-135), Kalamazoo, 46 S.
Abstract
"Temporary help services (THS) firms are increasing their hiring of disadvantaged individuals and claiming more subsidies for doing so. Do these subsidies-the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Welfare-to-Work Tax Credit (WtW)-create incentives that improve employment outcomes for THS workers? We examine the distinct effects of THS employment and WOTC/WtW subsidies using administrative and survey data. Results indicate that WOTC/WtW-certified THS workers have higher earnings than WOTC-eligible but uncertified THS workers. However, these workers have shorter job tenure and lower earnings than WOTC/WtW-certified workers in non-THS industries. Panel estimates suggest that these effects do not persist over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of temporary help employment in low-wage worker advancement (2007)
Heinrich, Caroly J.; Troske, Kenneth R.; Mueser, Peter R.;Zitatform
Heinrich, Caroly J., Peter R. Mueser & Kenneth R. Troske (2007): The role of temporary help employment in low-wage worker advancement. (NBER working paper 13520), Cambridge, Mass., 48 S. DOI:10.3386/w13520
Abstract
"We examine the effects of temporary help service employment on later earnings and employment for individuals participating in three federal programs providing supportive services to those facing employment difficulties. The programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, whose participants are seriously disadvantaged; a job training program with a highly heterogeneous population of participants; and employment exchange services, whose participants consist of Unemployment Insurance claimants and individuals seeking assistant in obtaining employment. We undertake our analyses for two periods: the late 1990s, a time of very strong economic growth, and shortly after 2000, a time of relative stagnation. Our results suggest that temporary help service firms may facilitate quicker access to jobs for those seeking employment assistance and impart substantial benefits as transitional employment, especially for individuals whose alternatives are severely limited. Those who do not move out of temporary help jobs, however, face substantially poorer prospects, and we observe that nonwhites are more likely than whites to remain in THS positions in the two years following program participation. Our results are robust to program and time period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of employment protection mandates on demographic temporary employment patterns: international microeconomic evidence (2007)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2007): The impact of employment protection mandates on demographic temporary employment patterns. International microeconomic evidence. In: The economic journal, Jg. 117, H. 521, S. F333-F356. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02059.x
Abstract
"This article uses 1994-8 International Adult Literacy Survey microdata for Canada, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the US to study the impact of employment protection laws (EPL) on joblessness and temporary employment by demographic group. More stringent EPL raises relative non-employment rates for youth, immigrants, and, possibly, women, controlling for demographic variables and country dummies. For wage and salary workers, EPL raises the relative incidence of temporary employment for the low skilled, youth, native women, and especially immigrant women. These effects are often stronger in countries with higher levels of collective bargaining coverage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The analysis of self-employment levels over the life-cycle (2007)
Kim, GiSeung;Zitatform
Kim, GiSeung (2007): The analysis of self-employment levels over the life-cycle. In: The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Jg. 47, H. 3, S. 397-410. DOI:10.1016/j.qref.2006.06.004
Abstract
"In this paper, we estimate the incidence of self-employment over a person's life-cycle across different socio-economic groups and show to what extent self-employment rates differ across groups. The analysis utilizes data from the March supplements of the Current Population Survey. This paper shows that the probability of self-employment is increasing with age and education and is higher for men, whites, and married women compared to other groups. Females are less likely to be self-employed and the difference appears to widen in absolute terms over the life-cycle, but is largest in relative terms early in the life-cycle. We show that the gender gap is not due to marriage and the presence of children. The difference between an African-American male and the (white) benchmark is dramatic, particularly in a person's middle age. In contrast, the difference between a high-school graduate and the (college educated) benchmark is relatively small and changes sign over the life-cycle. Young (age 34 or lower) high school graduates are more likely to be self-employed than otherwise identical college graduates, while the reverse is true for older individuals. The paper discusses explanations for these life-cycle profiles of self-employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Prekarisierung auf hohem Niveau: eine Feldstudie über Alleinunternehmer in der IT-Branche (2007)
Manske, Alexandra;Zitatform
Manske, Alexandra (2007): Prekarisierung auf hohem Niveau. Eine Feldstudie über Alleinunternehmer in der IT-Branche. (Arbeit und Leben im Umbruch 13), München u.a.: Hampp, 257 S.
Abstract
Thema der Studie ist der Zusammenhang von Flexibilisierung von Arbeit einerseits und der Verunsicherung sozialer Lagen in einem akademisch gebildeten Milieu andererseits. Dazu untersucht die Arbeit in Form einer Feldstudie auf der Basis qualitativer Fallstudien bei Freelancern der IT-Branche (alleindienstleistenden Webdesignern) in Berlin und New York, wie sich akademisch ausgebildete Alleinunternehmer mit prekären Beschäftigungs- und Lebensverhältnissen arrangieren. Es zeigt sich eine Problemlage, die sich auch in hochqualifizierten Milieus als Verunsicherung von Arbeits- und Lebenslagen darstellt. Anhand dreier, typologisch zugespitzter Praxisformen ('Unternehmer', 'Dienstleister', 'Künstler') wird gezeigt, wie die Befragten selbst-unternehmerische Formen und Modi der praktischen Selbstverortung ausbilden. Die drei Praxisformen reflektieren, wie die Befragten auf eine radikal marktvermittelte soziale Lage reagieren und spiegeln in ihren Handlungsstrategien den feldspezifischen Restrukturierungsprozess wider. Aus Sicht der Autorin erweist sich die Internetbranche als ein 'Feld von spezifischen Ungleichstellungen' und sie beschreibt, wie dieser Befund einer Prekarisierung auf hohem Niveau sozialstrukturell überformt wird. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work and the blurring of the traditional employment relationship in multi-party arrangements: the case of Germany and the United States (2007)
Mitlacher, Lars W.;Zitatform
Mitlacher, Lars W. (2007): Temporary agency work and the blurring of the traditional employment relationship in multi-party arrangements. The case of Germany and the United States. In: International Journal of Employment Studies, Jg. 15, H. 2, S. 61-89.
Abstract
"A variety of pressures to improve competitiveness has fostered the deployment of atypical employment relationships. These new types of work arrangements have an impact on the nature and shape of the employment relationship. Above all the use of agency work has increased in the last few years. However, the impact of triangular arrangements on the employment relationship and Human Resource Management has not been explored in detail. Thus this paper analyses the complex and dense relationships that emerge in triangular employment arrangements. It explores the relations that occur within the triangular relationship of temporary agency work in Germany and the US investigating Human Resource Management issues like pay, performance management, training or control in a multi-party context. It also deals with the question how triangular relationships can be included in the study of employment relations and Human Resource Management." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of temporary agency work in different industrial relations systems: a comparison between Germany and the USA (2007)
Mitlacher, Lars W.;Zitatform
Mitlacher, Lars W. (2007): The role of temporary agency work in different industrial relations systems. A comparison between Germany and the USA. In: British Journal of Industrial Relations, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 581-606. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00629.x
Abstract
"Although temporary agency work has been growing over the last decade, its use differs widely in different industrial relations systems. Drawing on theoretical and empirical insights, propositions are developed on why companies deploy temporary agency work. These propositions are then contrasted with case-study evidence collected in Germany and the USA to analyse the deployment of agency work in two different industrial relations systems and the role that agency work plays in these diverse settings. The main conclusions of the research are that differences in the deployment of temporary agency workers exist with regard to legal regulation and employers' strategies of labour use while similarities exist regarding the supply of agency labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexible recession: The temporary staffing industry and mediated work in the United States (2007)
Zitatform
Peck, Jamie & Nik Theodore (2007): Flexible recession: The temporary staffing industry and mediated work in the United States. In: Cambridge Journal of Economics, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 171-192. DOI:10.1093/cje/bel011
Abstract
"The evolution of the temporary staffing industry (TSI) in the US is examined, with particular reference to the structural functions of temporary work during the boom of the 1990s, the 'flexible' recession of 2001, and the subsequent 'jobless' recovery. It is argued that the TSI is increasingly playing a systemic, macro regulatory role in the US labour market, where it now accounts for a disproportionate share of the costs of labour-market adjustment. The development path of the TSI is closely intertwined with the wider restructuring of the US economy, where it has assumed a significant presence as a purveyor of low-cost, flexibly mediated labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The rise and fall of temporary foreign worker policies: lessons for Poland (2007)
Zitatform
Plewa, Piotr (2007): The rise and fall of temporary foreign worker policies. Lessons for Poland. In: International migration, Jg. 45, H. 2, S. 3-36. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2007.00402.x
Abstract
"This essay reflects upon post-World War II and post-Cold War admissions of low-skilled temporary foreign workers to North America and Europe. The author's hope is that lessons from history can help Polish (and other new European Union immigration states) develop well-informed labour migration policy. The lessons from North America and Europe suggest that admissions of low-skilled temporary foreign workers lead to short-term economic benefits and long-term economic, political, and social costs. This, in turn, makes coherent and humane statecraft difficult to achieve. Considering the complexity of temporary foreign worker admissions, Polish policymakers would be better off avoiding them like the United States, France, and Switzerland have largely done in the post-Cold War period after learning the lessons from the post-war era. The alleged labour shortages and illegal migration pressure could be addressed through settlement-oriented policies which are more likely to prevent unexpected outcomes since they allow greater economic, social, and political integration of admitted immigrants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Achieving flexibility through insecurity: A comparison of work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs in Finland and Canada (2007)
Zitatform
Saloniemi, Antti & Isik Urla Zeytinoglu (2007): Achieving flexibility through insecurity: A comparison of work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs in Finland and Canada. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 109-128.
Abstract
"In this comparative study of Finland and Canada, we use representative data to examine work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs. Results are similar for all workers regardless of whether they are employed on fixed-term or permanent contracts. All workers feel their working hours are inflexible, but feel they have control over the tasks they perform and they have low risk of accident. The only difference is in the feelings of job insecurity: fixed-term workers, in both Finland and Canada, feel more insecure than those in permanent jobs. Our findings indicate that the global trends in flexibility and insecurity permeate all workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does atypical work help the jobless?: evidence from a CAEAS/CPS cohort analysis (2006)
Zitatform
Addison, John T. & Christopher J. Surfield (2006): Does atypical work help the jobless? Evidence from a CAEAS/CPS cohort analysis. (IZA discussion paper 2325), Bonn, 30 S.
Abstract
"Atypical employment, such as temporary, on-call, and contract work, has been found disproportionately to attract the jobless. But there is no consensus in the literature as to the labour market consequences of such job choice by unemployed individuals. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we investigate the implications of the initial job-finding strategies pursued by the jobless for their short- and medium-term employment stability. At first sight, it appears that taking an offer of regular employment provides the greatest degree of employment continuity for the jobless. However, closer inspection indicates that the jobless who take up atypical employment are not only more likely to be employed one month and one year later than those who continue to search, but also to enjoy employment continuity that is no less favorable than that offered by regular, open-ended employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The use of alternative work arrangements by the jobless: evidence from the CAEAS/CPS (2006)
Zitatform
Addison, John T. & Christopher J. Surfield (2006): The use of alternative work arrangements by the jobless. Evidence from the CAEAS/CPS. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 149-160.
Abstract
"Alternative work arrangements (AWAs), such as contracting, consulting, and temporary work, have been criticized as providing only atypical, even precarious, employment. Yet they may also allow workers to locate suitable job matches. Exploiting data from all four Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangement Supplements to the Current Population Survey, we investigate the initial job-finding strategies pursued by the unemployed. Within the narrow window offered by the data, we find that unemployed workers who become reemployed are more likely to find work in AWAs than in regular, open-ended employment. When we evaluate the use of AWAs against unemployment, there is also evidence that the jobless are entering AWAs as pathways out of their initial labor market state." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Manufacturers' outsourcing to employment services (2006)
Dey, Matthew; Polivka, Anne; Houseman, Susan;Zitatform
Dey, Matthew, Susan Houseman & Anne Polivka (2006): Manufacturers' outsourcing to employment services. (Upjohn Institute staff working paper 2007-132), Kalamazoo, 39 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the effects of manufacturers' use of employment services-comprised primarily of temporary help and professional employer organizations-on measured employment and labor productivity in manufacturing between 1989 and 2004. A major contribution of the paper is the construction of panel data on employment by occupation and industry from the Occupational Employment Statistics program. We use these data to document the dramatic rise of production and other manual occupations within the employment services sector and, in conjunction with information from the Contingent Worker Supplements, to estimate the number of employment services workers assigned to manufacturing over the period. Although measured employment in manufacturing declined by 4.1 percent from 1989 to 2000, counting employment services workers assigned to manufacturing, employment in that sector actually rose by an estimated 1.4 percent. Factoring in manufacturers' use of employment services workers does not erase the large declines in manufacturing employment since 2000, but a growing share of manufacturing work in the United States is being performed by employees of staffing agencies. In 2004, employment services workers added an estimated 8.7 percent to direct-hire manufacturing employment, compared to just 2.3 percent in 1989. In addition, we estimate that manufacturers' outsourcing to employment services significantly inflated manufacturing labor productivity measures, accounting for 0.5 percentage points of the annual growth rate from 1989 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2004. Although multifactor productivity measures should adjust for such outsourcing, available evidence suggests that KLEMS, the multifactor productivity measure for manufacturing, does not fully capture the relatively large effects that outsourcing to staffing services has on manufacturing productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen: kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur (2006)
Friedrichs, Michael; Schröder, Antje Kathrin;Zitatform
Friedrichs, Michael & Antje Kathrin Schröder (2006): Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen. Kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur. (IGA-Report 10), Essen u.a., 63 S.
Abstract
Die Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Studien, in denen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen vor allem unter arbeitsmedizinischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt werden. So birgt z.B. die Telearbeit nicht nur Potenziale für ein ausgeglicheneres Verhältnis zwischen Privat- und Berufsleben, sondern gerade durch die Vermengung beider Lebensbereiche auch Gefahren, die etwa aus verkürzten Erholungsphasen resultieren können. Auch befristete Tätigkeiten schaffen zunächst Arbeit, führen aber durch die ständige Angst, die Arbeit wieder verlieren zu können, auch zu psychischen Problemen. Bei Teilzeitarbeit steht der größeren Freizeit ein geringeres Einkommen entgegen. Bei allen diesen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen existieren also Aspekte, die sowohl Licht als auch Schatten auf die gesundheitlichen Perspektiven der Arbeitnehmer werfen können. Es werden daher diejenigen Studien und Arbeiten betrachtet, die versuchen, dieses Szenario auszuleuchten. Daneben wird auch eine Übersicht über die quantitative Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen alternativer Beschäftigung erstellt. Der Stand der Forschung zum Themenkomplex der so genannten neuen Beschäftigungsformen ist als 'ausgesprochen dünn' zu bezeichnen. Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit der Betroffenen werden nur mit nachrangiger Priorität hinterfragt. Auffällig sind vor allem die Ergebnisse zur Auswirkung auf die allgemeine Sterblichkeit von Teilzeitkräften und befristet Beschäftigten, die mit zwei groß angelegten Studien in Schweden und Finnland als gesichert gelten können. Eine zweite Tendenz scheint in der besseren subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Gesundheitszustandes von prekär Beschäftigten zu bestehen, die sich in einer ganzen Reihe von Studien findet. Vor dem Hintergrund der erhöhten Mortalität wird die Prüfung der Existenz einer solchen Wahrnehmungsverschiebung als Auftrag an die Wissenschaft formuliert. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Use of employees and alternative work arrangements in the United States: a law, economics, and organizations perspective (2006)
Zitatform
Garen, John (2006): Use of employees and alternative work arrangements in the United States. A law, economics, and organizations perspective. In: Labour economics, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 107-141. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2004.05.003
Abstract
"This paper considers the incidence of employees versus other forms of work in the United States, including temporary agency workers, contract company workers, independent contractors, and self-employment. It does so within a single, unifying framework. The approach takes an economics of organizations focus to consider when it is optimal for the firm to control the work routine instead of the worker. This is critical in defining and determining employment versus other forms of work. The cost of measuring output and monitoring effort and of worker versus firm expertise are important in determining the organization of work. This approach proves fruitful, but it also is important to account for the impact of certain legal restrictions in the U.S. labor market. The empirical findings show that independent contractors are in jobs that require worker expertise and training and for which monitoring of worker effort is difficult. Contract company workers' characteristics are a hybrid between independent contractors' and employees'. Temporary agency workers occur where the firm wishes to legally outsource its low-wage workers yet still maintain a degree of control over their work routine." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The shadow workforce: Perspectives on contingent work in the United States, Japan, and Europe (2006)
Gleason, Sandra E.; Michon, Francois; Becker, Douglas; Miller, Douglas J.; Brney, Jay B.; Ozeki, Cynthia; Gleason, Sandra E.; Roberts, Karen; Heneman, Robert L.; Storrs, Alvin L.; Lundy, M. Catherine; Tansky, Judith; Bendapudi, Venkat; von Hippel, Courtney; Greenberger, David B.; Wakisaka, Akira; Mangum, Stephen L.; Wenger, Jeffrey B. ; Honda, Kazunari; Coens, Thomas A.;Zitatform
Gleason, Sandra E. (Hrsg.) (2006): The shadow workforce: Perspectives on contingent work in the United States, Japan, and Europe. Kalamazoo: Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 349 S.
Abstract
"This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of nonstandard employment and its impact on employees, businesses, unions, and public policy. It not only reveals how nonstandard employment operates in the United States, Japan, and Europe, it also highlights the important similarities and differences in the labor market issues faced in those areas. Key recurring concepts in the book, such as how the nonstandard workforce is measured and the meaning of labor force flexibility, are explained in the introduction. Ensuing discussions summarize and synthesize the current body of scholarly literature on the facts and challenges of nonstandard employment, and an array of tables and graphs presents a complete picture of the demographic, occupational, and industry characteristics of the nonstandard labor force. This makes the book a one-stop, easy-to-use resource for anyone interested in learning about the characteristics of the contingent labor forces in the United States, Japan, and Europe, and the legal frameworks that guide the use of nonstandard workers in those labor markets. It also offers the reader insights into how employees, employers, unions, and policymakers perceive nonstandard employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The organization of Human Resource Management in temporary work agencies: towards a comprehensive research agenda on temporary agency work in Germany, the Netherlands and the US (2006)
Mitlacher, Lars W.;Zitatform
Mitlacher, Lars W. (2006): The organization of Human Resource Management in temporary work agencies. Towards a comprehensive research agenda on temporary agency work in Germany, the Netherlands and the US. In: Human Resource Management Review, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 67-81. DOI:10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.02.004
Abstract
"While many studies suggest that companies use temporary agency work only as a short-term instrument to adjust the workforce in line with demand, recent research has pointed to new developments in employers' use of temporary agency work. Studies have highlighted the development of increasing long-term contractual relationships between temporary work agencies and client companies in countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and the US. What is missing in the current debate so far are insights on how temporary work agencies are responding to new expectations by client companies. Therefore, possible strategies are analyzed with special regard to the design of Human Resource Management instruments in temporary work agencies. Although the Human Resource Management is the core competency of temporary work agencies, surprisingly little attention in the academic literature has been paid to the question how Human Resource Management should be structured in order to support the adopted strategies by the agencies. This will be analyzed in the paper with a special focus on the situation in Germany, the Netherlands and the US, developing propositions for further research and a comprehensive research agenda for international comparative studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and compensation (2005)
Zitatform
Addison, John T. & Christopher J. Surfield (2005): Atypical work and compensation. (IZA discussion paper 1477), Bonn, 43 S.
Abstract
"Atypical work, or alternative work arrangements in U.S. parlance, has long been criticized for providing poorly-compensated employment. Although one group of atypical workers (contractors) seems to enjoy a wage premium, our cross-section results from the CPS and NLSY for the better-known category of temporary workers point to a negative wage differential of some 7-12 percent. It emerges that much of the latter disparity stems from unobserved worker heterogeneity (accounting for which supports a wage advantage for contracting work). Turning to fringes, the appearance in cross section of a potentially large deficit in atypical worker health benefits is again reduced after accounting for permanent unobserved individual heterogeneity. But on this occasion the reduction is very modest. Further, there is now some indication that the wage advantage of contract workers partly compensates for their reduced access to such benefits." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do temporary help jobs improve labor market outcomes for low-skilled workers?: evidence from random assignments (2005)
Zitatform
Autor, David & Susan N. Houseman (2005): Do temporary help jobs improve labor market outcomes for low-skilled workers? Evidence from random assignments. (Upjohn Institute staff working paper 05-124), Kalamazoo, 53 S.
Abstract
"A disproportionate share of low-skilled U.S. workers is employed by temporary help firms. These firms offer rapid entry into paid employment, but temporary help jobs are typically brief and it is unknown whether they foster longer-term employment. We draw upon an unusual, large-scale policy experiment in the state of Michigan to evaluate whether holding temporary help jobs facilitates labor market advancement for low-skilled workers. To identify these effects, we exploit the random assignment of welfare-to-work clients across numerous welfare service providers in a major metropolitan area. These providers feature substantially different placement rates at temporary help jobs but offer otherwise similar services. We find that moving welfare participants into temporary help jobs boosts their short-term earnings. But these gains are offset by lower earnings, less frequent employment, and potentially higher welfare recidivism over the next one to two years. In contrast, placements in direct-hire jobs raise participants' earnings substantially and reduce recidivism both one and two years following placement. We conclude that encouraging low-skilled workers to take temporary help agency jobs is no more effective- and possibly less effective-than providing no job placements at all." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 11743 -
Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency employment as a way out of poverty? (2005)
Autor, David; Houseman, Susan;Zitatform
Autor, David & Susan Houseman (2005): Temporary agency employment as a way out of poverty? (Upjohn Institute staff working paper 2005-123), Kalamazoo, 39 S.
Abstract
"The high incidence of temporary agency employment among participants in government employment programs has catalyzed debate about whether these jobs help the poor transition into stable employment and out of poverty. We provide direct evidence on this question through analysis of a Michigan welfare-to-work program in which program participants were randomly allocated across service providers ('contractors') with different job placement practices. We draw on a telephone survey of contractors and on administrative program data linked with wage records data on all participants entering the program over a three-and-a half-year period. Our survey evidence documents a consensus among contractors that temporary help jobs are generally easier for those with weak skills and experience to obtain, but no consensus on whether temporary help jobs confer long-term benefits to participants. Our analysis of the quasiexperimental data introduced in Autor and Houseman (2005) shows that placing participants in either temporary or direct-hire jobs improves their odds of leaving welfare and escaping poverty in the short term. However, we find that only direct-hire placements help reduce welfare dependency over longer time horizons. Our findings raise questions about the incentive structure of many government employment programs that emphasize rapid placement of program participants into jobs and that may inadvertently encourage high placement rates with temporary help agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 11742 -
Literaturhinweis
Précarisation de l'emploi et représentation syndicale (2005)
Dufour, Christian; Fondeur, Yannick; Vincent, Catherine; Tuchszirer, Carole; Hege, Adelheid; Thomann, Bernard; Jolivet, Annie ; Pignoni, Maria Teresa; Lefresne, Florence; Wierinck, Marie; Meilland, Christele;Zitatform
Dufour, Christian, Yannick Fondeur, Adelheid Hege, Annie Jolivet, Florence Lefresne, Christele Meilland, Maria Teresa Pignoni, Bernard Thomann, Carole Tuchszirer, Catherine Vincent & Marie Wierinck (2005): Précarisation de l'emploi et représentation syndicale. In: Chronique Internationale de l'IRES H. 97, S. 1-142.
Abstract
Die Sonderausgabe der 'Chronique internationale de l'IRES' widmet sich dem Verhältnis von prekärer Beschäftigung und Gewerkschaftspolitik. Die Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses, der Trend zur atypischen Beschäftigung und der Ausgleich zwischen Flexibilität und Sicherheit stellen neue Herausforderungen an gewerkschaftliche Politik dar. Neun Länderstudien werden durch zwei Überblicksartikel ergänzt, die sich Querschnittsfragen widmen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Welfare to temporary work: implications for labor market outcomes (2005)
Zitatform
Heinrich, Carolyn J., Peter R. Mueser & Kenneth R. Troske (2005): Welfare to temporary work. Implications for labor market outcomes. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 87, H. 1, S. 154-173. DOI:10.1162/0034653053327667
Abstract
"We explore the effects of temporary help employment on welfare recipients' subsequent employment and welfare dynamics. We find that any employment -in temporary help services or other sectors - yields substantial benefits compared to no employment. Although welfare recipients who go to work for temporary help service firms have lower initial wages than those with jobs in other sectors, they experience faster subsequent wage growth. Two years later, they are no less likely to be employed, their wages are close to those of other workers, and they are only slightly more likely to remain on welfare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and health: a review (2005)
Virtanen, Marianna ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Joensuu, Matti ; Elovainio, Marko ; Virtanen, Pekka ; Vahtera, Jussi ;Zitatform
Virtanen, Marianna, Mika Kivimäki, Matti Joensuu, Pekka Virtanen, Marko Elovainio & Jussi Vahtera (2005): Temporary employment and health. A review. In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 610-622. DOI:10.1093/ije/dyi024
Abstract
"We aimed to review evidence on the relationship between temporary employment and health, and to see whether the association is dependent on outcome measure, instability of employment, and contextual factors. We systematically searched for studies of temporary employment and various health outcomes and critically appraised 27 studies. The review suggests higher psychological morbidity among temporary workers compared with permanent employees. According to some studies, temporary workers also have a higher risk of occupational injuries but their sickness absence is lower. Morbidity may be higher in temporary jobs with high employment instability and in countries with a lower number of temporary workers and unemployed workers. The evidence indicates an association between temporary employment and psychological morbidity. The health risk may depend on instability of temporary employment and the context. Confounding by occupation may have biased some of the studies. Additional research to clarify the role of employment instability, hazard accumulation, and selection is recommended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Phasing into retirement (2004)
Zitatform
Allen, Steven G., Robert L. Clark & Linda S. Ghent (2004): Phasing into retirement. In: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Jg. 58, H. 1, S. 112-127.
Abstract
"To help workers navigate the transition from work to retirement more effectively, employers have been launching phased retirement programs, which allow older employees to work part-time and receive full retirement benefits. This paper examines the experience of the phased retirement system for tenured faculty in the University of North Carolina system over the years 1996-98. After phased retirement was introduced, there was a sizable increase in the overall separation rate in the system. The key finding from an empirical analysis of the retirement decision as a function of pension incentives, employee performance, demographics, and campus characteristics is that the odds of entering phased retirement were strongly and inversely related to employee performance, as measured by recent pay increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht