Evaluation der Arbeitsmarktpolitik
Arbeitsmarktpolitik soll neben der Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik sowie der Arbeitszeit- und Lohnpolitik einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Arbeitslosigkeit leisten. Aber ist sie dabei auch erfolgreich und stehen die eingebrachten Mittel in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu den erzielten Wirkungen? Die Evaluationsforschung geht der Frage nach den Beschäftigungseffekten und den sozialpolitischen Wirkungen auf individueller und gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene nach. Das Dossier bietet weiterführende Informationen zu Evaluationsmethoden und den Wirkungen von einzelnen Maßnahmen für verschiedene Zielgruppen.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Grundlagenbeiträge
- Methoden und Datensatzbeschreibungen
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Typologie der Maßnahmen
- Institutionen der Arbeitsförderung
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Vermittlung und Beratung
- Prozessoptimierung
- Profiling und Case Management, Eingliederungsvereinbarung
- Unterstützung bei der Arbeitsuche
- Vermittlung durch Dritte
- Vermittlung von Beziehern von Bürgergeld, Sozialhilfe oder Arbeitslosengeld II
- Zusammenarbeit von Arbeits- und Sozialverwaltung
- Job-Center
- Personal-Service-Agentur
- Zeitarbeit
- (gemeinnützige) Arbeitnehmerüberlassung
- Vermittlungsgutscheine
- Berufsberatung
- Aus- und Weiterbildung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Transfer- und Mobilitätsmaßnahmen
- berufliche Rehabilitation
- Lohnersatzleistungen / Einkommensunterstützung
- Altersteilzeit und Vorruhestand
- Sonstiges
- Typologie der Arbeitslosen
- besondere Personengruppen
- Geschlecht
- Geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
The Evidence Gap in Labour Shortage Assessments (2024)
Seghir, Majda;Zitatform
Seghir, Majda (2024): The Evidence Gap in Labour Shortage Assessments. In: Intereconomics, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 143-145. DOI:10.2478/ie-2024-0030
Abstract
"In November 2023, the European Commission unveiled a set of initiatives to address severe labor shortages. These included the creation of the European Union Talent Pool, an online platform designed to facilitate connections between employers in the EU and jobseekers from non-EU countries. This platform provides a repository of skills and facilitates international recruitment and legal migration procedures. These measures are intended to complement other efforts at the EU and national levels, including initiatives to re-skill and up-skill the existing workforce to meet the changing needs of employers. These efforts also include activating the inactive population and increasing intra-EU mobility. The formulation and implementation of such policies underscore a major concern of policymakers regarding the phenomenon of labor shortage within the EU. Concurrently, they raise crucial questions about the extent of evidence available to substantiate claims of labor shortages, the circumstances under which such shortages arise and the mechanisms that drive them." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Accountability in personalized Supported Employment-based activation services (2024)
Zitatform
Skjold, Suzan Mbatudde & Kjetil Grimastad Lundberg (2024): Accountability in personalized Supported Employment-based activation services. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, H. 4, S. 916-932. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000915
Abstract
"This article explores the accountability experiences and orientations of frontline workers implementing personalized activation services in the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV). The study draws on observations and interviews (2021), with three teams of employment specialists using Supported Employment as an approach to personalized service provision, in a national program called Extended Follow-up. Adopting the theoretical lens of accountability as behaviors of account giving, three strategies on how to adopt the accountability regime at the frontline are highlighted: (i) reporting, where one team complied with accountability requirements as the perceived best practices for achieving success in work inclusion; (ii) mitigating, where accountability requirements were fulfilled but combined with attention to how to best meet jobseekers’ needs; and (iii) reframing, where accountability requirements were challenged and redefined. The study highlights how accountability requirements may be interpreted variably, promoting personalized service innovation on the one hand or stagnation on the other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective (2024)
Sowula, Jakub ; Gehrig, Franziska; Scruggs, Lyle A. ; Ramalho Tafoya, Gabriela ; Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin;Zitatform
Sowula, Jakub, Franziska Gehrig, Lyle A. Scruggs, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser & Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya (2024): The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 5, S. 785-799. DOI:10.1111/spol.12990
Abstract
"This article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a multidimensional approach, we examine the long‐term welfare state trajectories of Sweden and Germany, prototypical social‐democratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output (generosity) allowed us to identify significant changes in the Swedish welfare state (i.e., retrenchment). The outcome dimension alerts us to a policy drift in the German Welfare State, as relatively stable public spending and welfare generosity until the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our findings suggest that a holistic, multidimensional approach is necessary to fully understand the complexities of welfare state change and continuity, as focusing solely on one dimension can lead to analytical misjudgments. The sharp rise in inequality and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated assumptions of normality that fail to meet the welfare state realities of today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wer nutzt die "Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben" der Bundesagentur für Arbeit? (2024)
Zitatform
Stephan, Gesine, Anna Heusler & Julia Lang (2024): Wer nutzt die "Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben" der Bundesagentur für Arbeit? In: IAB-Forum H. 24.01.2024 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240124.01
Abstract
"Um Menschen bei der beruflichen Orientierung zu unterstützen, hat die Bundesagentur für Arbeit in den letzten Jahren unter anderem die Berufsberatung im Erwerbsleben weiterentwickelt. Ein Team aus dem IAB hat untersucht, welche Personengruppen dieses Angebot im Jahr 2021 genutzt haben. Fast zwei Drittel der Beratenen waren Beschäftigte. Frauen, Jüngere, Teilzeitbeschäftigte sowie Beschäftigte aus kleineren Betrieben waren dabei überproportional vertreten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Das Monitoring von Beratung aus Europäischer und internationaler Perspektive - Impulse für die Diskussion in Deutschland? (2024)
Weber, Peter C.;Zitatform
Weber, Peter C. (2024): Das Monitoring von Beratung aus Europäischer und internationaler Perspektive - Impulse für die Diskussion in Deutschland? In: nfb kurzgefasst H. 1, S. 15.
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Beitrag wirft einige Schlaglichter auf die internationale und spezifisch europäische Diskussion zum Thema Monitoring in der Beratung und zieht einige Schlussfolgerungen für Deutschland. Begleitend zu den in den letzten 25 Jahren lebhaft geführten fachpolitischen Diskussionen zum Auf- und Ausbau der lebensbegleitenden Beratung (im Feld Bildung, Beruf, Beschäftigung) wurde das Thema in verschiedenen Studien und Initiativen thematisiert und beschrieben. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die EU selbst kein auf Daten basierendes Monitoring etablieren kann oder will, sondern eher die Rolle hat, Aktivitäten auf der nationalen Ebene konzeptionell zu beschreiben und anzuregen. Der Beitrag geht kurz auf den Begriff des Monitorings und der Evaluation ein und differenziert verschiedene Gründe für die gestiegene Bedeutung von Monitoring-Aktivitäten. Daran anschließend werden zwei Modelle vorgestellt, die Indikatoren für das Monitoring beschreiben. Der dritte Teil geht auf Publikationen des CEDEFOP mit Beispielen für ein Monitoring ein und gibt Hinweise zu weiterführenden Quellen. Abschließend werden einige Schlussfolgerungen für die Diskussion und die Entwicklung eines Beratungsmonitorings in Deutschland zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gender-age differences in hiring rates and prospective wages: Evidence from job referrals to unemployed workers (2023)
Zitatform
Bamieh, Omar & Lennart Ziegler (2023): Gender-age differences in hiring rates and prospective wages. Evidence from job referrals to unemployed workers. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102395
Abstract
"This paper uses matched worker-vacancy data to study gender differences in hiring outcomes of jobseekers in Austria. When registered at the public employment office, jobseekers are assigned caseworkers who refer them to suitable vacancies. Our findings show that female and male jobseekers are equally likely to get hired via such a referral, but it takes women longer to get a job offer. Most of the observed gender differences stem from younger jobseekers (below age 35) and are explained by rejections of employers. Young women are also less often hired for better-paying jobs. We argue that these differences are consistent with hiring discrimination against women in their fertile age. Our analysis shows that young female jobseekers are much more likely to go on parental leave in the future, while men almost never take extended parental leave. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that hiring differences are larger for jobs associated with higher replacement costs and smaller in tight labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Taking a Chance on Workers: Evidence on the Effects and Mechanisms of Subsidized Employment from an RCT (2023)
Zitatform
Barham, Tania, Brian C. Cadena & Patrick S. Turner (2023): Taking a Chance on Workers. Evidence on the Effects and Mechanisms of Subsidized Employment from an RCT. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16221), Bonn, 114 S.
Abstract
"This paper estimates experimental impacts of a supported work program on employment, earnings, benefit receipt, and other outcomes. Case managers addressed employment barriers and provided targeted financial assistance while participants were eligible for 30 weeks of subsidized employment. Program access increased employment rates by 21 percent and earnings by 30 percent while participants were receiving services. Though gains attenuated after services stopped, treatment group members experienced lasting improvements in employment stability, job quality, and well-being, and we estimate the program's marginal value of public funds to be 0.64. Post-program impacts are entirely concentrated among participants whose subsidized job was followed by unsubsidized employment with their host-site employer. This decomposition result suggests that encouraging employer learning about potential match quality is the key mechanism underlying the program's impact, and additional descriptive evidence supports this interpretation. Machine learning methods reveal little treatment effect heterogeneity in a broad sample of job seekers using a rich set of baseline characteristics from a detailed application survey. We conclude that subsidized employment programs with a focus on creating permanent job matches can be beneficial to a wide variety of unemployed workers in the low-wage labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Punish, protect or redirect? Synthesising workfare with 'spatially Keynesian' labour market policies in times of job loss (2023)
Zitatform
Barnes, Tom (2023): Punish, protect or redirect? Synthesising workfare with 'spatially Keynesian' labour market policies in times of job loss. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 871-889. DOI:10.1177/0308518X221140891
Abstract
"The relationship between job loss and workfare has been well documented. Workers who lose jobs, including long-term careers in previously secure employment, enter systems of workfare that churn them through precarious jobs in return for meagre income support. But the relationship between workfare and alternative systems of labour market assistance rolled out before job loss is less understood. To shed new light on this issue, this article critically analyses an attempt to synthesise two labour market policies implemented in response to the closure of Australia's automotive manufacturing industry in 2017. The first policy was an altruistic, spatially Keynesian response to deindustrialisation; the second policy was based on Australia's notoriously punitive system of workfare. The article asks: how was it possible to synthesise systems framed in mutually incompatible terms? This question can be addressed, it argues, by deploying an Agency-Structure-Institutions-Discourse (ASID) approach to understand how and why these labour market policies were hybridised. The article's results are instructive in a ‘post-pandemic’ environment in which opportunities to rollout alternatives to workfare will be forced to contend with resurgent workfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Activating the Long-Term Inactive: Labor Market and Mental Health Effects (2023)
Zitatform
Bastiaans, Mareen, Robert Dur & Anne C. Gielen (2023): Activating the Long-Term Inactive: Labor Market and Mental Health Effects. (Discussion paper / Tinbergen Institute 2023-003/V), Amsterdam u.a., 73 S.
Abstract
"In many Western countries, a sizeable group of people live on welfare benefits for a long time. Many of them suffer from mental health issues. This paper studies the labor market and mental health effects of an activation program targeting these long-term inactive people. We exploit the staggered implementation of the program in a difference-in-differences design. We find that the activation program hardly affects labor market outcomes. However, for those on mental health medication prior to the start of the program, the use of mental health medication substantially drops in the years following the start of the program. This effect is particularly pronounced for men. We also study spillover effects on the children of those targeted by the program, finding some suggestive evidence for improved learning and mental health outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Budgeting poverty alleviation: justifying in-kind conditionality in Israeli municipal authorities (2023)
Zitatform
Benjamin, Orly, Karni Krigel, Nir Cohen & Anat Tchetchik (2023): Budgeting poverty alleviation: justifying in-kind conditionality in Israeli municipal authorities. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 11/12, S. 933-947. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-07-2022-0175
Abstract
"Purpose: Welfare reforms introduced conditionality into cash transfers often by diverse welfare-to-work programs achieving its vast legitimization. Meanwhile in-kind poverty alleviation policies maintained their universal character in the forms of national budgeting of municipal services. Utilizing justification work, the authors aim at showing how conditionality of in-kind support is replacing universalism. The authors ask which justification work assist administrators in shaping the relationship between in-kind and cash transfer and the changing meanings of poverty alleviation practices. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with senior administrators in Israeli local governments analysing them along principles of critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2010). Further, seeking to elicit the justification work, the authors added some guidelines from the discourse interaction approach. Findings The findings identified administrators' justification work as taking two major shapes. The first is an emphasis on conditionality in their in-kind support projects, which is limited in time, contingent upon co-operation and sometimes even enhancing choice for those in need. The second is the manifestation of pride anchored in the skilful budget management enabling the achievement of conditional in-kind support projects based on the effort involved. Research limitations/implications The authors did not prompt the interviewees for the proportions of specific categories, such as whether they are attending and benefitting of the in-kind support programs. This is a limitation of this study that prevented the authors from contrasting perceived achievements against the actual coverage of their projects. Practical implications It is important that government funding is increased for municipal anti-poverty policies engaging municipal administrator in the struggle for full and better coverage so that capability deprivation is combatted by a combination of cash transfer and quality social services that are universal and at the same time secure mentoring and supervision to all households in need. Social implications Future research should present the analysis that associates different budgets of each city with its anti-poverty polices and its different socio-economic ranking. Critical social-policy scholars may apply this study’s findings in future analyses of municipal administrators' powerposition as reinforced by national level policy makers, particularly when introducing controversial policies. Originality/value Anti-poverty policy and the specific combination between conditional cash transfers and in-kind support have been explained at the level of political–economic decision making. The authors conceptualize the need to explain anti-poverty policy by focussing on municipal administrators’ embedded agency, particularly around controversial issues. By building the professional self of municipal welfare administrators, inter alia by ignoring past meanings of in-kind support as depriving recipients of autonomy, conditionality is extended into in-kind services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Geförderte Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten – Hürden der Inanspruchnahme aus Sicht von Arbeitsagenturen und Betrieben (2023)
Zitatform
Biermeier, Sandra, Elke Dony, Sabine Greger, Ute Leber, Franziska Schreyer & Karsten Strien (2023): Geförderte Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten – Hürden der Inanspruchnahme aus Sicht von Arbeitsagenturen und Betrieben. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 13/2023), Nürnberg, 45 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2313
Abstract
"Angesichts des schnellen Wandels der Arbeitswelt und beruflicher Anforderungen werden Weiterbildung und lebenslanges Lernen immer bedeutsamer. Mit dem Qualifizierungschancengesetz, dem Arbeit-von-morgen-Gesetz sowie der Weiterbildungsförderung bei Kurzarbeit kann die Bundesagentur für Arbeit die Weiterbildung von abhängig Beschäftigten fördern. Dabei werden unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen die Lehrgangskosten übernommen und Zuschüsse zum Arbeitsentgelt während der Weiterbildungsteilnahme gezahlt. Ansprechpartner*in für die Förderung ist in erster Linie der Betrieb. Vorliegende Studien zeigen aber, dass die Weiterbildungsförderung für Beschäftigte bislang eher selten in Anspruch genommen wird. In einem qualitativen Forschungsprojekt hat das IAB daher Betriebe sowie Fach- und Führungskräfte aus dem Arbeitgeber-Service der Bundesagentur für Arbeit zu möglichen Gründen für die bislang eher verhaltene Inanspruchnahme befragt. So zeigt sich insbesondere bei kleineren und mittleren Betrieben, dass sie das Instrument der Weiterbildungsförderung oft nicht kennen. Häufig sind keine Ressourcen vorhanden, um sich intensiv mit dem Thema auseinanderzusetzen; auch mangelt es teils an ausgebauten Kontakten mit dem Arbeitgeber-Service. Eine weitere Hürde sehen Interviewte in der Komplexität des Antragsverfahrens. So scheuen manche Betriebe den (vermeintlich) hohen administrativen Aufwand. Derartige Bedenken können dadurch verstärkt werden, dass es sich bei einem Teil der Förderung um Ermessensleistungen handelt, das heißt, dass dem sicher zu erbringendem Aufwand der Antragstellung eine Leistung gegenübersteht, die in ihrer Höhe sowie Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit oft ungewiss ist. Kritisch sehen Befragte in Betrieben wie auch im Arbeitgeber-Service darüber hinaus einen Teil der rechtlichen Fördervoraussetzungen. Eine dieser Voraussetzungen ist, dass der Umfang der Weiterbildung mehr als 120 Stunden betragen muss. Gerade bei kleinen und mittleren Betrieben kann sich dies als Hemmschuh erweisen, da der Arbeitsausfall der Beschäftigten in längerer Weiterbildung nur schwer zu kompensieren ist. Als problematisch wird teils auch die Vorgabe gesehen, dass sowohl die Weiterbildungsmaßnahme als auch deren Träger für die Förderung zertifiziert sein müssen. Die im IAB-Projekt Interviewten betonen, dass die zertifizierten Weiterbildungsangebote oftmals nicht dem tatsächlichen Bedarf entsprechen. Hinzu kommt, dass es vor allem in ländlichen Gebieten vielfach zu wenig zertifizierte Angebote gibt. Eine weitere Fördervoraussetzung ist, dass zwischen dem Abschluss einer Ausbildung, eines Studiums oder einer geförderten Weiterbildung und der (erneuten) Förderung im Regelfall mindestens vier Jahre liegen müssen. Auch diese Vorgabe wird von Interviewten als problematisch erachtet. In diesem Kontext wird unter anderem darauf verwiesen, dass in manchen Berufen bereits kurz nach der Erstausbildung oder einer geförderten Weiterbildung Anpassungsqualifizierungen notwendig werden können. Wie die Interviews weiter zeigen, war die Weiterbildungsförderung während der Covid-19-Pandemie mit besonderen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. So machten die Kontaktbeschränkungen eine Umstellung von Weiterbildungen auf digitale Formate erforderlich, was insbesondere zu Beginn der Krise eine gewisse Zeit in Anspruch nahm. Interviewte thematisieren sowohl Vor- als auch Nachteile des digitalen Lernens. Positiv beschrieben werden vor allem die größere zeitliche Flexibilität sowie die bessere Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf – Gründe, weswegen aus Sicht von Befragten auch über die Pandemie hinaus an digitalen Weiterbildungsformaten festgehalten werden sollte. Eher negativ werden hingegen die begrenzten Möglichkeiten des Austausches bei digitalen Lernformaten gesehen sowie der Umstand, dass nicht alle Beschäftigten über die erforderlichen digitalen Kompetenzen sowie die notwendige technische Ausstattung verfügen. Die erweiterten Möglichkeiten, während des Bezugs von Kurzarbeitergeld Weiterbildungsförderung in Anspruch zu nehmen, werden grundsätzlich als positiv betrachtet, auch wenn Betriebe berichten, dass das Thema Weiterbildung aufgrund der pandemiebedingten Krisensituation bei ihnen von eher nachrangiger Bedeutung war. Zudem war es für Betriebe teils schwierig, eine (längere) Weiterbildungsteilnahme zu planen, da die tatsächliche Dauer des Bezugs von Kurzarbeitergeld nicht immer abzusehen war. Derzeit steht mit dem neuen Weiterbildungsgesetz, das im Dezember 2023 eingeführt werden soll, eine Reform der bestehenden Beschäftigtenförderung an. Mit dem neuen Gesetz soll insbesondere die Transparenz der Förderung erhöht und damit der Zugang zu Weiterbildungsangeboten für Betriebe beziehungsweise Beschäftigte sowie die Umsetzung für die Arbeitsagenturen erleichtert werden. Insofern werden hier einige Aspekte der bisherigen Förderung aufgegriffen, die sich auch in den geführten Interviews als problematisch erwiesen haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Biermeier, Sandra; Strien, Karsten; Greger, Sabine; Leber, Ute ; Schreyer, Franziska; -
Literaturhinweis
Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets. EU-Level Report (2023)
Zitatform
Boonjubun, Chaitawat, Garima Singh & Minna van Gerven (2023): Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets. EU-Level Report. (SocArXiv papers), 49 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/qehks
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis that has caused far-reaching life consequences. The impact of COVID-19 and the measures that aimed to protect lives have triggered a social and economic crisis across the globe. This crisis calls for social scientists and researchers to study the shortcomings in social and economic preparedness and responses to the pandemic. The Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in the Post-COVID-19 Labor Markets project (the DEFEN-CE project), funded by the Directorate-General for Employment, the European Commission, aims to examine institutional strategies and power relations in social protection and policymaking and policy implementation to protect labor markets and workers by analysing the governance of vulnerable groups in (post) COVID-19 labour markets as well as to produce research-based knowledge and expertise on the protection of vulnerable groups at the EU level, in the EU Member States and in the candidate countries. This report emphasises the institutional strategies and power relations among social partners and stakeholders at the EU level and highlights key findings from country case studies. The research questions are threefold. 1) What public policy and social dialogue measures targeting the selected vulnerable groups were implemented for employment and social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2022? 2) How and to what extent did social dialogue play a role in the implementation of the social and employment rights of selected vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022? 3) What lessons and opportunities does the COVID-19 pandemic provide for strengthening social dialogue at the EU level? DEFEN-CE employed a mixed-method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The data are comprised of datasets, policy documents, scientific literature, existing statistical data, and semi-structured interviews. In this EU-level research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 respondents: representatives from the European Parliament, trade unions, non-governmental organisations, and a European federation organisation representing domestic employers. It is important to note that the research team invited representatives from the European Commission to participate in the interviews but received no reply. (See the list of respondents in the appendices). DEFEN-CE’s EU-level study aimed to contribute to social dialogue research and the theoretical understanding of vulnerability. Relevant concepts and approaches to deepen our understanding of vulnerability are employed as the foundation for identifying ‘vulnerable groups’ in connection to the labor market. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to identify the lessons learned by pinpointing crucial areas of policy development and implementation and necessary coordination mechanisms among social partners and by showcasing best practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty across household types (2023)
Zitatform
Brülle, Jan (2023): No one-size-fits-all solution. Effects of social policies on in-work poverty across household types. (SocArXiv papers), 22 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/4qynt
Abstract
"The paper studies effects of social policies on in-work poverty risks, distinguishing between measures that either intervene in labour market processes -- i.e. predistribution policies -- or redistribute incomes towards those with low incomes. I argue that effects of different policies can be expected to vary across household contexts, due to the fact that the link between individual employment outcomes and in-work poverty is moderated by household type. The analyses uses data from EU-SILC and macro-level indicators from various sources to estimate general as well as household-type-specific effects using longitudinal methods. Results emphasize that labour market interventions and redistributive transfers impact in-work poverty risks through different mechanisms and also reveal important differences between specific policies: minimum wages contribute to reducing low-wage risks, whereas effects on in-work poverty are small and mainly restricted to single households where labour market outcomes and household income closely align. In contrast, there is a robust negative effect of strict employment protection legislation across almost all household types on in-work poverty, which is consistent with the positive role this measure plays for supporting higher earnings. With respect to redistributional policies, both unemployment benefits and benefits to low earners reduce poverty due to their contribution to public poverty-reduction. However, whereas unemployment benefits mainly reduce in-work poverty among couple households, benefits to low earners are the most effective measure to contribute to lower poverty risks among employed single parents." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Interaktion im Schatten der Hierarchie: Zwang und Zusammenarbeit in Jobcentern (2023)
Bähr, Holger;Zitatform
Bähr, Holger (2023): Interaktion im Schatten der Hierarchie: Zwang und Zusammenarbeit in Jobcentern. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 69, H. 3, S. 167-191., 2023-05-10. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2023-0004
Abstract
"Die Beratung und Vermittlung in Jobcentern erfolgt als Interaktion von Vermittlungsfachkräften und Arbeitsuchenden. Sie verfolgt das Ziel, Arbeitsuchende in eine Erwerbsarbeit zu bringen und dadurch ihre Hilfebedürftigkeit zu beenden. Sowohl Zwang als auch Zusammenarbeit kennzeichnen die Interaktion. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet das Verhältnis von Zwang und Zusammenarbeit in der Beratung und Vermittlung, das Gegenstand sowohl politischer Diskussionen als auch wissenschaftlicher Studien ist. Hierfür wird der Ansatz des akteurzentrierten Institutionalismus verwandt mit seiner analytischen Trennung von institutionellem Kontext, Akteurkonstellation und Interaktionsform. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Akteurkonstellation eine besondere Relevanz für das Verhältnis von Zwang und Zusammenarbeit besitzt und für die Beratung und Vermittlung eine Konstellation charakteristisch ist, die als Selbstkoordination im Schatten der Hierarchie beschrieben werden kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Bähr, Holger; -
Literaturhinweis
What, for whom, and under what circumstances: Do activation policies increase youth employment in the EU? (2023)
Zitatform
Cefalo, Ruggero & Rosario Scandurra (2023): What, for whom, and under what circumstances: Do activation policies increase youth employment in the EU? In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 391-406. DOI:10.1177/09589287231199568
Abstract
"Activation measures have assumed a prominent role within policy perspectives aimed at increasing labour market participation to support welfare sustainability. Most comparative studies on active labour market policies (ALMPs) have been conducted at the national level, although several scholars recently stressed the need to consider more carefully the territorial dimension of social policies. This article addresses this research gap by providing quantitative estimates of the territorial effect of national ALMPs provision on youth employment in European regions. We find that regional contextual traits, which can present a variety of configurations, play a significant role in moderating the effects of ALMPs. Divergent outcomes per type and level of education also highlight the complexity of the landscape for ALMPs' design and implementation. Our analysis helps identify the institutional and contextual conditions that require evaluation when designing and implementing policies targeting young people." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Persistence in Gendering: Work-Family Policy in Britain since Beveridge (2023)
Zitatform
Chanfreau, Jenny (2023): The Persistence in Gendering: Work-Family Policy in Britain since Beveridge. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 981-998. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000125
Abstract
"Understanding the historical policy pathways that have led to the constellation of policies that both reflect and shape the current gender order can reveal reasons for the persistence of gender inequality in paid work and unpaid family care. Bringing together existing research and policy critique with Carol Bacchi’s framework of policy as ‘gendering practices’, this paper focuses on the role of policy as a process that constructs and upholds an unequal gender order. The discussion traces how UK social policies have since the establishment of the post-war welfare state articulated and positioned gendered possibilities for combining paid work and childrearing, shaping gendered and classed work-family life courses. The analysis illustrates that British social policy has not been consistently committed to a more equal gender regime but instead maintained a heteronormative family ideal and thus, despite various policy changes, the gendering of ‘the worker’ and ‘the parent’ as conceptualised in UK policy has persisted over the last several decades." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Tightening eligibility requirements for unemployment benefits. Impact on educational attainment (2023)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart, Koen Declercq & Muriel Dejemeppe (2023): Tightening eligibility requirements for unemployment benefits. Impact on educational attainment. In: Economics of Education Review, Jg. 95. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102424
Abstract
"Imposing stricter eligibility conditions on unemployment insurance (UI) may increase the returns to education investment because these make the consequences of unemployment more severe. In most countries, entitlement to regular UI hinges on completing a qualifying period of work and social contributions. In Belgium, this requirement also exists but is relaxed for education-leavers in that they can substitute time actively searching for a job for employment during the qualifying period. We evaluate the impact on degree completion and dropout of a 2015 reform that withdrew this weaker requirement from graduates aged 25 or over and from high school dropouts younger than 21. We find that the reform significantly increased degree completion and reduced dropout for students in higher education but not for those in high school. We argue that the higher prevalence of behavioral biases among the lower-educated could explain these contrasting findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Adapting or compounding? The effects of recurring labour shocks on stated and revealed preferences for redistribution (2023)
Zitatform
Cotofan, Maria & Konstantinos Matakos (2023): Adapting or compounding? The effects of recurring labour shocks on stated and revealed preferences for redistribution. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 1957), London, 34 S.
Abstract
"The evidence on the impact of employment shocks on preferences for redistribution is mixed on stated outcomes and sparse on revealed ones. We conduct a survey of US workers to measure the impact of repeated labour market shocks on both stated and revealed redistributive preferences. We measure the former by support on seven different policies and the latter through donations. We look at experiences of both mild shocks (having to reduce working hours) and hard shocks (unemployment), as well as past unemployment during formative years. We find evidence of adaptation to unemployment on policy preferences and compounding for milder shocks on donations, suggesting that the effects of repeated shocks on preferences for redistribution are not independent. Our results show that unemployment impacts preferences in a self-interested way, while milder shocks lead to broader support for redistribution." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Heterogeneity in labor mobility and unemployment flows across countries (2023)
Créchet, Jonathan;Zitatform
Créchet, Jonathan (2023): Heterogeneity in labor mobility and unemployment flows across countries. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104441
Abstract
"Empirical studies of labor-market flows suggest cross-country differences in long-run aggregate unemployment inflows and outflows of a strikingly large magnitude. The canonical search-and-matching framework of Mortensen and Pissarides (1994, 1999b; the MP model) features small elasticities of steady-state unemployment flows with respect to firing costs, at odds with the idea that labor-market institutions such as employment protection policies are a primary driver of this variation. This paper shows that introducing permanent match-quality heterogeneity in the standard MP model substantially amplifies these elasticities. It then develops a quantitative search model with worker and job heterogeneity consistent with U.S. worker-flow data. This model implies that employment protection differences plausibly account for most of the long-run unemployment-flow variation across high-income countries. In sharp contrast, shutting down heterogeneity implies that large changes in matching efficiency are required to explain the same cross-country variation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Remote working across the European Union before and in Covid-19 pandemic (2023)
Dazzi, Davide; Freddi, Daniela;Zitatform
Dazzi, Davide & Daniela Freddi (2023): Remote working across the European Union before and in Covid-19 pandemic. (Quaderno DEM / Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di economia e management 2023,05), Ferrara, 44 S.
Abstract
"Policymakers, social parts, businesses, employees, media and citizens became familiar with a broad use of words such as remote working, teleworking, working from home, mobile worker, ICT-based worker. In this view, it is of crucial importance to define a general conceptual framework related to the terms referred to when a person works from a distance. The present paper delves into a taxonomy of the regulations and approaches to remote work within the EU. The results highlight that several characteristics of teleworking, positive and negative, were already known before the pandemic and they have substantially been confirmed by the massive shift occurred after the pandemic outbreak. As we saw in the report, no specific EU Directives were dedicated to remote working before Covid-19 even if many directives and EU regulations had indirect implications on it." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve (2023)
Zitatform
Destefanis, Sergio, Matteo Fragetta & Nazzareno Ruggiero (2023): Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 55, S. 6538-6550. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2159010
Abstract
"Following a panel ARDL approach, we appraise the impact of various indicators of active and passive labor-market policies within the framework of the Beveridge curve across fourteen OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, controlling for other factors, both institutional (tax wedge) and structural (technological progress, globalization). We embed the role of these variables within the specification of the Beveridge curve, finding that the generosity of unemployment benefits has a detrimental impact on labor-market matching, with the duration of benefits and the strictness of the rules pertaining to the deployment of benefits taking a key role in driving this result. Among active labor-market policies, employment incentives and especially training have a favourable effect on matching. There is evidence of a virtuous interaction between active and passive policies. A significantly detrimental role emerges for the tax wedge. These results are consistent across various specifications, and structural relationships are stable throughout the 2008–2013 period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zum Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung zur Stärkung der Aus- und Weiterbildungsförderung und zum zugehörigen Antrag der Fraktion DIE LINKE: Stellungnahme des IAB zur öffentlichen Anhörung im Ausschuss für Arbeit und Soziales des Deutschen Bundestags am 22.5.2023 (2023)
Dietrich, Hans ; Lang, Julia ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Stephan, Gesine ; Leber, Ute ; Kruppe, Thomas ; Osiander, Christopher ; Janssen, Simon ; Seibert, Holger ;Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans, Bernd Fitzenberger, Simon Janssen, Thomas Kruppe, Julia Lang, Ute Leber, Christopher Osiander, Holger Seibert & Gesine Stephan (2023): Zum Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung zur Stärkung der Aus- und Weiterbildungsförderung und zum zugehörigen Antrag der Fraktion DIE LINKE. Stellungnahme des IAB zur öffentlichen Anhörung im Ausschuss für Arbeit und Soziales des Deutschen Bundestags am 22.5.2023. (IAB-Stellungnahme 04/2023), Nürnberg, 16 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2304
Abstract
"Das IAB hat für die öffentliche Anhörung im Ausschuss für Arbeit und Soziales des Deutschen Bundestags am 22.5.23 die folgende Stellungnahme zum Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung zur Stärkung der Aus- und Weiterbildungsförderung sowie zum zugehörigen Antrag der Fraktion DIE LINKE vorgelegt. Die Stellungnahme zum Gesetzentwurf bezieht sich auf folgende Aspekte: Reform der Weiterbildungsförderung Beschäftigter nach § 82 SGB III, Einführung eines Qualifizierungsgeldes, Verlängerung der Erstattungen bei beruflicher Weiterbildung während Kurzarbeit, Einführung einer Ausbildungsgarantie, Berufsorientierungspraktikum, Mobilitätszuschuss, Einstiegsqualifizierung sowie Berufsausbildung in außerbetrieblichen Einrichtungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Dietrich, Hans ; Lang, Julia ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Stephan, Gesine ; Leber, Ute ; Osiander, Christopher ; Janssen, Simon ; Seibert, Holger ;Weiterführende Informationen
Zugang zur Video-Aufnahme der Anhörung -
Literaturhinweis
Reform der Weiterbildungsförderung Beschäftigter nach § 82 des Dritten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB III) - Weiterbildungsgesetz: Stellungnahme des IAB vom 13.1.2023 im Rahmen der Verbändebeteiligung zum BMAS-Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Stärkung der Aus- und Weiterbildungsförderung und Einführung einer Bildungszeit (2023)
Dietrich, Hans ; Seibert, Holger ; Kruppe, Thomas ; Janssen, Simon ; Stephan, Gesine ; Leber, Ute ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Osiander, Christopher ; Lang, Julia ;Zitatform
Dietrich, Hans, Bernd Fitzenberger, Simon Janssen, Thomas Kruppe, Julia Lang, Ute Leber, Christopher Osiander, Holger Seibert & Gesine Stephan (2023): Reform der Weiterbildungsförderung Beschäftigter nach § 82 des Dritten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB III) - Weiterbildungsgesetz. Stellungnahme des IAB vom 13.1.2023 im Rahmen der Verbändebeteiligung zum BMAS-Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Stärkung der Aus- und Weiterbildungsförderung und Einführung einer Bildungszeit. (IAB-Stellungnahme 01/2023), Nürnberg, 17 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.SN.2301
Abstract
"Ziel des Weiterbildungsgesetzes ist es, die Förderinstrumente der Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Beschäftigte und Ausbildungssuchende weiterzuentwickeln, der beschleunigten Transformation der Arbeitswelt zu begegnen, strukturwandelbedingte Arbeitslosigkeit zu vermeiden, Weiterbildung zu stärken und die Fachkräftebasis zu sichern, aber auch den Vereinbarungen aus der Nationalen Weiterbildungsstrategie Rechnung zu tragen. Das IAB bezieht sich in der Stellungnahme auf folgende Aspekte: Einführung eines Qualifizierungsgeldes, einer Bildungs(teil)zeit und einer Ausbildungsgarantie, Verlängerung der Erstattungen von Sozialversicherungsbeiträgen bei beruflicher Weiterbildung während Kurzarbeit, Berufsorientierungspraktikum, Mobilitätszuschuss, Einstiegsqualifizierung und Berufsausbildung in außerbetrieblichen Einrichtungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Dietrich, Hans ; Seibert, Holger ; Janssen, Simon ; Stephan, Gesine ; Leber, Ute ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Osiander, Christopher ; Lang, Julia ; -
Literaturhinweis
Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals (2023)
Zitatform
Dinan, Shannon & Normand Boucher (2023): Disability and Employment Policy in Canada: National Policy Variation for Working Age Individuals. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 52, S. 719-739. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000878
Abstract
"This article analyses and compares disability policies for working-age individuals in Canada with a focus on the mode of policy provision and type of measure to determine the degree to which direct funding is used in this country. To consider policy diversity in this federal system, policies are compared using a mixed-methods approach. Using quantitative methods, federal, provincial and territorial policies are first compared using hierarchical cluster analysis. This provides evidence of three distinct clusters in Canada according to policy provision and measure type. In a second, qualitative analysis, the disability strategies of four provinces’ (British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec) are compared, to determine over arching policy orientations. Findings indicate that policy provision in Canada largely favours money over services. Furthermore, most provinces emphasize either health or integration measures over substantive measures. Despite these commonalities, significant variation persists across Canada. This extends to poverty and disability reduction strategies with two of the four provinces having a broader orientation while the other two provinces focus specifically on employment as a means of social inclusion. The article concludes with a discussion on the state of employment policies for individuals with a disability in Canada." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Combining generalist and specialist social work in activation policies: A participatory action research (2023)
Zitatform
Dingenen, Dries & Peter Raeymaeckers (2023): Combining generalist and specialist social work in activation policies: A participatory action research. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 32, H. 4, S. 442-454. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12565
Abstract
"In the last decades, activation policies and practices aimed at getting people off benefits and into work have been at the forefront of social policy. One of the challenges of activation practices is that social services with a narrow specialist focus fall short in supporting vulnerable target groups. A growing body of social work literature recognises that both generalist and specialist social works play an important role in supporting vulnerable target groups that face wicked problems. We conducted a participatory action research on how specialist social workers may adopt the principles of generalist social work in counselling and guiding people with multiple and complex needs towards the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Safety Net or Helping Hand? The Effect of Job Search Assistance and Compensation on Displaced Workers (2023)
Zitatform
Fackler, Daniel, Jens Stegmaier & Richard Upward (2023): Safety Net or Helping Hand? The Effect of Job Search Assistance and Compensation on Displaced Workers. (IWH-Diskussionspapiere / Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle 2023,18), Halle, 37 S.
Abstract
"We provide the first systematic evidence on the effectiveness of a contested policy in Germany to help displaced workers. So-called “transfer companies” (Transfergesellschaften) employ displaced workers for a fixed period, during which time workers are provided with job-search assistance and are paid a wage which is a substantial fraction of their pre-displacement wage. Using rich and accurate data on workers’ employment patterns before and after displacement, we compare the earnings and employment outcomes of displaced workers who entered transfer companies with those that did not. Workers can choose whether or not to accept a position in a transfer company, and therefore we use the availability of a transfer company at the establishment level as an IV in a model of one-sided compliance. Using an event study, we find that workers who enter a transfer company have significantly worse post-displacement outcomes, but we show that this is likely to be the result of negative selection: workers who lack good outside opportunities are more likely to choose to enter the transfer company. In contrast, ITT and IV estimates indicate that the use of a transfer company has a positive and significant effect on employment rates five years after job loss, but no significant effect on earnings. In addition, the transfer company provides significant additional compensation to displaced workers in the first 12 months after job loss." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social policy and labor supply: the impact of activating labor market institutions on reservation wages (2023)
Zitatform
Fuchs, Benjamin, Sebastian Prechsl & Tobias Wolbring (2023): Social policy and labor supply: the impact of activating labor market institutions on reservation wages. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 21, H. 2, S. 863-884., 2022-02-16. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwac002
Abstract
"Activation is an efficacious policy paradigm in modern welfare states. Taking the case of Germany, we study the relationship between the embeddedness of benefit recipients in activating labor market institutions and individual labor supply. Using panel data, we estimate the effects of transitions between key institutional states with different degrees of activation on reservation wages (RWs). We show that RWs react to activation: the transition from gainful employment to unemployment benefit receipt leads to an average decrease of 3.1% in RWs. The transition from gainful employment to welfare benefit receipt—an institutional state with far more rigorous activation—leads to a stronger decrease of 4.9%. Mediation analyses show that the income associated with different institutional states is the predominant mechanism that drives the effect on RWs. However, subjective social status also partly mediates the effect. Implications of these findings for active labor market policies are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku), © Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sectoral shocks, reallocation, and labor market policies (2023)
Zitatform
Garcia-Cabo, Joaquin, Anna Lipinska & Gaston Navarro (2023): Sectoral shocks, reallocation, and labor market policies. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 156. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104494
Abstract
"Unemployment insurance and wage subsidies are key tools to support labor markets in recessions. We develop a multisector search-and-matching model with on-the-job human capital accumulation to study labor market policy responses to sector-specific shocks. Our calibration accounts for structural differences in labor markets between the United States and the euro area, including a lower job-finding rate in the latter. We use the model to evaluate unemployment insurance and wage subsidy policies in recessions of different duration. After a temporary sector-specific shock, unemployment insurance improves reallocation toward productive sectors at the cost of initially higher unemployment and, thus, human capital destruction. By contrast, wage subsidies reduce unemployment and preserve human capital at the cost of limiting reallocation. In the United States, unemployment insurance is preferred to wage subsidies when it does not distort job creation for too long. In the euro area, wage subsidies are preferred, given the lower job-finding rate and reallocation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz im Beratungsprozess von arbeitsuchenden Menschen (2023)
Zitatform
Griesbacher, Martin, Andreas Niederl, Nicolas Katz & Thomas Zenkl (2023): Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz im Beratungsprozess von arbeitsuchenden Menschen. Graz, 81 S.
Abstract
"Der Einsatz von KI im Beratungsprozess von arbeitssuchenden Menschen stellt ein Anwendungsszenario mit vielschichtigen, hochsensiblen und potenziell auch widersprüchlichen Anforderungen dar. Ein solches Szenario umfasst dabei nicht nur die Möglichkeit einer computergestützten unmittelbaren und persönlichen Beratungssituation zwischen Berater:in und Arbeitssuchenden, sondern kann in allen Phasen der Vermittlungstätigkeit, von der Erfassung von (Stamm-)Daten, der Evaluation der beruflichen Möglichkeiten biszum Abschluss von Vereinbarungen, an verschiedenen virtuellen und persönlichen Schnittstellen stattfinden. Nicht zuletzt ist überall dort, wo Beurteilungen, Empfehlungen und schlussendlich Entscheidungen hinsichtlich der beruflichen Zukunft von Arbeitssuchenden automationsgestützt erfolgen, eine besondere Sensibilität notwendig – insbesondere beim Einsatz von Technologien, die den Betroffenen nur schwer auf gut verständliche Weise erklärt werden können. Arbeitssuchende befinden sich häufig in einer Situation hoher Vulnerabilität und die Art und Weise, wie der Beratungsprozess umgesetzt wird und welche Entscheidungen aus diesem hervorgehen, kann einen starken Einfluss auf das gesamte weitere Leben haben. Die vorliegende Studie setzt den Fokus auf den Einsatz von Technologien künstlicher Intelligenz im Kontext der öffentlichen Arbeitsvermittlung (engl. „Public Employment Service“, kurz PES) und der Erbringung von Beratungsleistungen für Arbeitssuchende." (Textauszug)
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Literaturhinweis
Displaced workers and the pandemic recession (2023)
Zitatform
Guo, Angela, Pawel Krolikowski & Meifeng Yang (2023): Displaced workers and the pandemic recession. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 226. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111071
Abstract
"Workers displaced during the pandemic recession experienced better earnings and employment outcomes than workers displaced during previous recessions. A sharp recovery in aggregate labor market conditions after the pandemic recession accounts for these better outcomes. The industry and occupation composition of displaced workers, the prevalence of recalls, and increased take-up of unemployment insurance benefits are unlikely explanations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (2023)
Zitatform
Holzer, Harry J. (2023): Can Workforce Development Help Us Reach Full Employment? (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16624), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, I review the potential of workforce development programs to help the US get closer to "full employment." First, I provide some background on workforce development in the US, and also on the aggregate employment/labor force issues that workforce programs may or may not address. Then I review the empirical evidence on job training and other forms of workforce development, in terms of impacts on employment (as opposed to earnings). I briefly consider how the US experience in this regard compares and contrasts with that of other countries in the EU or OECD, and what we might learn from them. I conclude that more and better workforce development could help somewhat to achieve lower unemployment and higher labor force participation in the US, though we also need a range of other policies to achieve these goals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disincentive Effects of Unemployment Insurance Benefits (2023)
Hornstein, Andreas; Karabarbounis, Marios; Kurmann, André;Zitatform
Hornstein, Andreas, Marios Karabarbounis & André Kurmann (2023): Disincentive Effects of Unemployment Insurance Benefits. (Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond 2023-11), Richmond, VA, 65 S. DOI:10.21144/wp23-11
Abstract
"Unemployment insurance (UI) acts both as a disincentive for labor supply and as a demand stimulus which may explain why empirical studies often find limited effects of UI on employment. This paper provides independent estimates of the disincentive effects arising from the largest expansion of UI in U.S. history, the pandemic unemployment benefits. Using high-frequency data on small restaurants and retailers from Homebase, we control for local demand effects by comparing neighboring businesses that largely share the positive impact of UI stimulus. We find that employment in low-wage businesses recovered more slowly than employment in high-wage businesses in labor markets with larger differences in the relative generosity of pandemic UI benefits. According to a labor search model that replicates the estimated employment differences between low- and high-wage businesses, the disincentive effects from the pandemic UI programs held back the aggregate employment recovery by 4.7 percentage points between April and December 2020." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What Works for the Unemployed? Evidence from Quasi-Random Caseworker Assignments (2023)
Humlum, Anders; Munch, Jakob R.; Rasmussen, Mette;Zitatform
Humlum, Anders, Jakob R. Munch & Mette Rasmussen (2023): What Works for the Unemployed? Evidence from Quasi-Random Caseworker Assignments. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16033), Bonn, 113 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines if active labor market programs help unemployed job seekers find jobs using a novel random caseworker instrumental variable (IV) design. Leveraging administrative data from Denmark, our identification strategy exploits that (i) job seekers are quasi-randomly assigned to caseworkers, and (ii) caseworkers differ in their tendencies to assign similar job seekers to different programs. Using our IV strategy, we find assignment to classroom training increases employment rates by 25% two years after initial job loss. This finding contrasts with the conclusion reached by ordinary least squares (OLS), which suffers from a negative bias due to selection on unobservables. The employment effects are driven by job seekers who complete the programs (post-program effects) rather than job seekers who exit unemployment upon assignment (threat effects), and the programs help job seekers change occupations. We show that job seekers exposed to offshoring – who tend to experience larger and more persistent employment losses – also have higher employment gains from classroom training. By estimating marginal treatment effects, we conclude that total employment may be increased by targeting training toward job seekers exposed to offshoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Federal Unemployment Reinsurance amid Local Labor-Market Policy (2023)
Zitatform
Ignaszak, Marek, Philip Jung & Keith Kuester (2023): Federal Unemployment Reinsurance amid Local Labor-Market Policy. (CRC TR 224 discussion paper series / EPoS Collaborative Research Center Transregio 224 419), Bonn, 87 S.
Abstract
"Consider a union of atomistic member states. Idiosyncratic business-cycle shocks cause persistent differences in unemployment. Private cross-border risk-sharing is limited. A federal unemployment-based reinsurance scheme can provide transfers to member states in recession, which helps stabilize local unemployment. Limits to federal generosity arise because member states control local labor-market policies. Calibrating the economy to a stylized European Monetary Union, we find that moral hazard puts notable constraints on the effectiveness of federal reinsurance. This is so even if payouts are indexed to member states usual unemployment rate or if the federal level pays only in severe-enough recessions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Use of Customized Employment in State Vocational Rehabilitation Programs: A Retrospective Study 2017–2020 (2023)
Kim, Jaeyoung ; Inge, Katherine; Keeton, Beth; Castruita-Rios, Yazmin ; Riesen, Tim ; Tansey, Timothy N. ;Zitatform
Kim, Jaeyoung, Katherine Inge, Beth Keeton, Tim Riesen, Yazmin Castruita-Rios & Timothy N. Tansey (2023): Use of Customized Employment in State Vocational Rehabilitation Programs: A Retrospective Study 2017–2020. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 186-194. DOI:10.1177/00343552221140335
Abstract
"The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes of customized employment via an analysis using the U.S. Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Service Report (RSA-911) from Federal Fiscal Years of 2017 through 2020. The independent variables were demographics, barriers to employment, and types of state vocational rehabilitation agency (SVRA) services, and the dependent variables were competitive integrated employment status and weekly earnings at exit. Descriptive analyses, multiple logistic regression, and hierarchical multiple regression comprised data analysis. The study sample (N = 2,280) was 57.9% male and 42.1% female and had a mean age of 32.69 years (SD = 12.83). Seventy-seven percent identified themselves as White and 46.7% had a cognitive disability. The results of this study indicated that consumers who have cognitive disability and cultural barriers; are migrant farmworkers and/or dependents; and receive job placement assistance, short-term job supports, maintenance services, benefits counseling, and supported employment are more likely to get competitive integrated employment at exit (R2 = .34). Multiple variables were found to be significantly related to weekly earnings at exit and explained 24% of the variance. Rehabilitation counselors should take into consideration the findings of this study to determine from which supports consumers may benefit to attain successful employment goals, particularly for customized employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Von der negativen zur positiven Integration: Die Entwicklung der europäischen Arbeitsmarktpolitik am Beispiel der Reform der Entsenderichtlinie (2023)
Zitatform
Krings, Torben (2023): Von der negativen zur positiven Integration. Die Entwicklung der europäischen Arbeitsmarktpolitik am Beispiel der Reform der Entsenderichtlinie. In: SWS-Rundschau, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 143-159.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit die 2018 beschlossene Reform der EU- Entsenderichtlinie für einen Richtungswechsel in der europäischen Arbeitsmarktpolitik steht. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass auf europäischer Ebene wieder vermehrt eine regulative Politik zustande kommt, die auf eine "Wiedereinbettung" von Marktkräften im Sinne der positiven Integration setzt. Entscheidend für das Zustandekommen der Reform waren die Rolle von "institutional entrepreneurs", Interessenkoalitionen auf inter- und supranationaler Ebene sowie ein gesellschaftspolitisches Klima, welches in Richtung Pro-Regulierung umgeschlagen ist. In dieser Hinsicht steht die reformierte Entsenderichtlinie ebenso wie die jüngst beschlossene EU-Mindestlohnrichtlinie für einen Paradigmenwechsel in der europäischen Beschäftigungspolitik, die sich stärker am sozialen Ausgleich im Binnenmarkt orientiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Geförderte berufliche Weiterbildung von Arbeitslosen: abnehmende Eintritte trotz positiver Wirkung (Serie "Evaluation von Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik") (2023)
Zitatform
Kruppe, Thomas & Julia Lang (2023): Geförderte berufliche Weiterbildung von Arbeitslosen: abnehmende Eintritte trotz positiver Wirkung (Serie "Evaluation von Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik"). In: IAB-Forum H. 20.02.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230220.01
Abstract
"Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit fördert unter gewissen Voraussetzungen die Weiterbildung von Arbeitslosen. Ein Überblick über den Stand der einschlägigen Forschung zeigt: Berufliche Weiterbildung wirkt sich positiv auf die Beschäftigungs- und Einkommensentwicklung der Teilnehmenden aus. Dennoch haben in den letzten Jahren immer weniger Arbeitslose an geförderter Weiterbildung teilgenommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Geförderte Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten: Positiver Trend auf niedrigem Niveau (Serie "Evaluation von Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik") (2023)
Zitatform
Kruppe, Thomas & Julia Lang (2023): Geförderte Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten: Positiver Trend auf niedrigem Niveau (Serie "Evaluation von Instrumenten der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik"). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.02.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20230206.01
Abstract
"Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit fördert nicht nur die Weiterbildung von Arbeitslosen, sondern unter gewissen Voraussetzungen auch die von Beschäftigten. Der aktuelle Plan der Bundesregierung, auch die geförderte Weiterbildung von Beschäftigten deutlich auszubauen, wird politisch intensiv diskutiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Folgenden ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der einschlägigen Forschung gegeben. Tendenziell nehmen die Eintritte in die Förderung zu. Sie liegen aber immer noch auf einem recht niedrigen Niveau, da sehr viele Betriebe die existierenden Fördermöglichkeiten nicht kennen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeitslosigkeit unter inklusionstheoretischer Betrachtung nach Phelps: Eine Fallstudie (2023)
Köster, Thomas;Zitatform
Köster, Thomas (2023): Arbeitslosigkeit unter inklusionstheoretischer Betrachtung nach Phelps. Eine Fallstudie. (Marktwirtschaftliche Reformpolitik 19), Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 171 S.
Abstract
"Thomas Köster formuliert einen Inklusionsbegriff nach den Ideen des Wirtschaftsnobelpreisträgers Edmund S. Phelps und wendet diesen auf die Situation der Langzeitarbeitslosen in Deutschland konkret an. Er nähert sich diesem sensiblen Thema mit wissenschaftlicher Sorgfalt und erarbeitet gleichwohl Reformpolitiken von hoher politischer Relevanz. Das Buch leistet einen Beitrag, ökonomische und soziologische Denkschulen klug zu verbinden. Grundsätzliche Erwägungen wie auch statistische Analysen zum Thema (Langzeit-)Arbeitslosigkeit werden über die Darstellung und Einordnung von Einzelschicksalen erlebbar. Dafür wurden in unterschiedlichen Strukturregionen Deutschlands, Interviews aufgenommen, interpretiert und eingeordnet. Es geht nicht nur, sondern auch um die Frage: sind Sie glücklich?" Ziel ist es, das individuelle Inklusionsempfinden in seiner gesamtgesellschaftlichen – und damit untrennbar verbunden: ökonomischen – Bedeutung ganzheitlich zu erfassen. Diese ganzheitliche Sicht bildet damit auch den Brückenschlag zu einem ordnungsökonomischen Mindset. Denn wie verhalten sich in einer modernen Marktgesellschaft wirtschaftliche Dynamik und Inklusion zueinander? Kurzum: Es ist ein Ansatz, der zwangsläufig Herausforderungen für marktwirtschaftliche Reformpolitiken birgt. - Skizziert Reformpolitiken, die wirtschaftliche Dynamik und Inklusion versöhnen - Leistet einen Beitrag, ökonomische und soziologische Denkschulen zu verbinden - Entwirft einen Paradigmenwechsel hin zur Lebenslaufstabilisierung durch Arbeit" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
They do what they must: caseworkers at the public employment service in Vienna (2023)
Zitatform
Leibetseder, Bettina (2023): They do what they must: caseworkers at the public employment service in Vienna. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 7/8, S. 626-642. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-03-2022-0075
Abstract
"Purpose: Concerning the decision-making of frontline bureaucrats, research has suggested that caseworkers take into account a broader range of legal, organisational, professional and personal aspects. Their decision-making can offset social rights, when it neglects policy goals, but it can support social rights if the decisions consider clients' perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a factorial survey experiment with 197 Viennese caseworkers of the employment service, the caseworkers were asked how likely they would be to refer nine different typical clients to the introductory session for the programme “Women into Technical and Craft Professions”, whereby different dimensions were altered to grasp regulations and clients' perspective. Findings: In the multilevel analysis, the interest of the clients in a technical-educational programme demonstrates the strongest positive effect, which complies with the programme's political intention. Other pertinent criteria may support clients' interests and the organizational performance goals, but neglect clients' position, when they counteract performance goals. Primarily, caseworkers do what they must and follow mandatory and performance criteria.Research limitations/implications On the caseworker's level, further research should aim to reach larger samples. Furthermore, the impact of performance goals on caseworker's decision making has to regard different professional groups beside personnel and labour market experts.Practical implications The findings suggest that a focus on the micro-level is needed to evaluate the impact of social policies. The practitioner's position is crucial to juggling legal goals and client's need. Social implications: Performance goals ought to better reflect social rights on a broader scale. Originality/value: This article provides new evidence on the level of discretion caseworkers execute." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nice work if you can get it: Labour market pathways of Belgian service voucher workers (2023)
Zitatform
Lens, Dries, Ive Marx, Jarmila Oslejová & Ninke Mussche (2023): Nice work if you can get it: Labour market pathways of Belgian service voucher workers. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 117-131. DOI:10.1177/09589287221128440
Abstract
"Seen as an alternative to precarious, informal work or no job at all, several European countries have started to use tax money to boost the demand for domestic services. This article asks whether this makes sense. We consider the case of the heavily subsidized and highly popular service voucher scheme in Belgium. Close to a quarter of households there employ domestic service workers under the scheme, making it in relative terms the largest scheme of its kind in Europe. The workers employed under the scheme enjoy extensive labour and social security rights. Does the service voucher scheme provide a model to be followed if we care about labour market exclusion and precariousness or is this a case of institutionalized second-tier work? To that end we trace workers’ labour market pathways over a considerable length of time. We find that a substantial share of women find a way out of vulnerable labour market situations through the scheme. However, a very significant number enter from steady employment. This is clearly at odds with the original objective of offering a stepping stone to women with a precarious labour market position. The scheme also plays an ambivalent role in the labour market integration process of immigrant newcomers. At least in part, the Belgian scheme can be seen as a case of policy overshooting. We suggest some potential improvements." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Forming a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime – European intersectoral coordination in education and employment (2023)
Zitatform
Marques, Marcelo, Lukas Graf & Judith Rohde-Liebenau (2023): Forming a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime – European intersectoral coordination in education and employment. In: Journal of education and work, Jg. 36, H. 7-8, S. 524-541. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2023.2275780
Abstract
"While European governance of individual policy sectors has received considerable academic scrutiny, less attention has been paid to the development of intersectoral coordination. This paper charts the emergence of a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime (BSPR) in education and employment in Europe. By looking at issues, ideas, interests and institutions, we gain a deeper understanding of the conditions for the emergence and further institutionalisation of European intersectoral coordination in education and employment from the 1990s onwards. The study relies on semi-structured interviews with European policy-makers in education and employment and EU policy documents. We analyse how endogenous and exogenous factors frame (policy) issues that contribute to the emergence and further strengthening of intersectoral coordination, the extent to which ideas for European education and employment stress intersectoral policy designs, how interests support or hinder intersectoral work, and which institutions are developed with an intersectoral reasoning. We find that endogenous forces (rather than exogenous ones) played a significant role in the emergence of a European BSPR in education and employment. Structural aspects and policy instruments (institutions), alongside ideas and interests, then contribute to the institutionalisation of the European BSPR in education and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The decentralization of public employment services and local governments' responses to incentives (2023)
Zitatform
Nieminen, Jeremias, Ohto Kanninen & Hannu Karhunen (2023): The decentralization of public employment services and local governments' responses to incentives. In: Journal of economic geography, Jg. 23, H. 6, S. 1371-1395. DOI:10.1093/jeg/lbad027
Abstract
"We examine how the decentralization of public employment services (PES) affects the behavior and service provision of PES offices and the labor market outcomes of job seekers. We use difference-in-differences, utilizing a Finnish temporary reform during which PES were decentralized for specific groups of job seekers in treated municipalities and remained centralized for others. The reform presented the treated municipalities with the possibility of shifting costs to the central government. We find no evidence of better labor market outcomes and find evidence consistent with municipalities being able to shift 10% of their unemployment benefit costs to the central government." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exploring the coaching relationship in health coaching and employment service with long-term unemployed using Repertory Grid Technique (2023)
Oeben, Melanie;Zitatform
Oeben, Melanie (2023): Exploring the coaching relationship in health coaching and employment service with long-term unemployed using Repertory Grid Technique. Edinburgh, 304 S.
Abstract
"Coaching in general and health coaching are increasingly used to change (health-related) behaviour. However, little research exists on the specific impact factors of coaching and especially on what constitutes effective (health) coaching relationships. This research explores in a jobcenter in Germany what contributes to effective (health) coaching relationships in health coaching and employment service coaching. It assesses both the perspectives of the (health) coaches and the (health) coaching clients, who are long-term unemployed people with health restrictions. Specifically, this research investigates how the participants construe effective (health) coaching relationships. Furthermore, it addresses the commonalities and differences in the construction of effective (health) coaching relationships within/between coaches and clients and within/between coaching domains. In addition, it is explored how consistently participants in the different groups evaluate effective (health) coaching relationships. Based on a phenomenological constructivist epistemology, the Repertory Grid Technique is used within a Personal Construct Psychology framework for data collection to elicit latent constructs signifying effective coaching relationships from coaches and coaching clients, as this technique is especially useful for exploring individual and interpersonal aspects of human relationships. Results indicate the effectiveness of Personal Construct Psychology and Repertory Grid Technique for Coaching Psychology research on the coaching relationship. The content analysis identified 27 themes of which 12 were relevant to the development of effective (health) relationships for the total sample. Differential analysis identified themes of particular importance for the different subgroups. Conclusions after structural analysis suggest that these categories represent a ‘pool’ of important factors for effective (health) coaching relationships, from which quite individual constellations of these factors make the (health) coaching relationship effective. The findings theoretically and methodologically contribute to Coaching Psychology. Furthermore, the findings are of utility for coaching practise and can help to create ethical, more effective (health) coaching relationships. The limitations of this study, its implications for further research, and coaching practise are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Are active labour market policies effective for the older unemployed? A meta-evaluation (2023)
Zitatform
Orfao, Guillermo & Miguel Ángel Malo (2023): Are active labour market policies effective for the older unemployed? A meta-evaluation. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 43, S. 1617-1637. DOI:10.1017/S0144686X21001288
Abstract
"We present a meta-evaluation of the literature on the impacts of active labour market policies for unemployed people over 50, extracting 82 impacts for analysis. The meta-evaluation includes only impact evaluations that examine both a group of beneficiaries and a control group of comparable non-beneficiaries. On average, we find that active policies have a slightly negative effect (−0.8 percentage points) on the probability of unemployed people over 50 finding a job and that this negative effect disappears 24 months after policy implementation. However, this effect is very different when disaggregated by policy type. Direct job creation policies have a clear negative effect (−3.9 percentage points), and training policies have a positive average effect, either in isolation (2.4 percentage points) or when combined with search assistance or counselling (1.7 percentage points). We also find slight differences by gender, with the effect of active policies being greater for women than for men. These results have important implications, given that the European Commission and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have made active policies the cornerstone of their efforts to improve the re-employment of older people. Our results support training policies, either in isolation or in combination with search assistance and counselling. The greatest impacts are obtained after 12 months of policy implementation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Training in the age of liberalization and crisis: Understanding the learning experiences of young Active Labour Market Programme Participants (2023)
Zitatform
Papadopoulos, Orestis & Katy Jones (2023): Training in the age of liberalization and crisis: Understanding the learning experiences of young Active Labour Market Programme Participants. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 57, H. 2, S. 219-234. DOI:10.1111/spol.12876
Abstract
"Vocational Training has been a prominent aspect of Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP) across EU member states, as part of efforts to boost the employability and human capital of young unemployed people and address new social risks arising within knowledge economies. However, young people's learning experiences of these programmes, and how these shape their early formative experiences in the labour market is underexplored. We address this gap by presenting new analysis of an extensive qualitative dataset, involving interviews with participants in Greece's Continuous Vocational Training (CVET) Program. Drawing on Unwin and Fuller's influential theory of restrictive and expansive learning environments which was developed through examination of formal apprenticeship programmes, we explore the extent to which these short-term vocational training programs provide meaningful learning and work experiences for young people. We show that vocational training facilitated through ALMPs is often experienced as restrictive, underpinned by a lack of meaningful training, occupation-specific skills, supportive guidance and quality employment prospects. Furthermore, we show how ALMPs in such contexts not only fail to support young people, but they also reinforce and legitimize precarious work practices by socializing the younger generation of workers into low-pay, temporary and routine jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
European Network of Public Employment Services: Trends in PES - Assessment Report on PES Capacity 2022 (2023)
Peters, Marjolein;Zitatform
Peters, Marjolein (2023): European Network of Public Employment Services: Trends in PES - Assessment Report on PES Capacity 2022. (Trends in PES / European Network of Public Employment Services 2022), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 74 S. DOI:10.2767/908915
Abstract
"The report provides an overview of key trends in the development of PES, describing aspects of their capacity and the client services they offer. It is based on PES replies to the annual PES Capacity survey received from 32 PES in July and August 2022. This year, specific information was collected on the cooperation of PES with municipalities and how PES use outsourcing to work with other actors in the labour market ecosystem. Two more important additional topics this year are the impact of the pandemic (continuing from the 2021 report) and the support PES provide to jobseekers from Ukraine." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"Marienthal.reversed": Wie wirkt eine Arbeitsplatzgarantie für langzeitarbeitslose Menschen im österreichischen Kontext? (2023)
Zitatform
Quinz, Hannah & Jörg Flecker (2023): "Marienthal.reversed": Wie wirkt eine Arbeitsplatzgarantie für langzeitarbeitslose Menschen im österreichischen Kontext? In: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 79-104. DOI:10.59288/wug493.208
Abstract
"Derzeit wird das Konzept „Arbeitsplatzgarantie“ international als Instrument im Kampf gegen Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit diskutiert. Eine staatlich geförderte Jobgarantie stellt jenen Menschen einen Arbeitsplatz zur Verfügung, die von Beschäftigung ausgeschlossen bleiben. Das Arbeitsmarktservice Niederösterreich setzt dieses Konzept im „Modellprojekt Arbeitsplatzgarantie Marienthal“ um. Dieser Beitrag stellt Wirkungen im Hinblick auf latente Erfahrungskategorien von Erwerbsarbeit (Zeitstruktur, soziale Kontakte, soziale Wertschätzung, Tätigkeit, Mitwirken an kollektiven Zielen, Selbstwirksamkeit) dar. Dazu haben wir Teilnehmer:innen des Modellprojekts im Zeitraum von zwei Jahren mehrmals quantitativ und qualitativ befragt. Die Analysen zeigen heterogene Teilnehmer:innen, aber wir stellen insgesamt positive Veränderungen für Zeitstruktur, Aktivitäten und so-ziale Kontakte fest. Durch den Zugang zu Erwerbsarbeit nimmt das Gefühl sozialer Wertschätzung sowie zu kollektiven Zielen beizutragen zu. Beides kann durch nicht erkennbare Nützlichkeit der Tätigkeiten getrübt werden. Insbesondere die Selbstwirksamkeit nimmt im Zeitverlauf zu. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich das Konzept der Arbeitsplatzgarantie in Österreich mit positiven Wirkungen für die Teilnehmer:innen umsetzen lässt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Informal social capital building in local employment services: Its role in the labour market integration of disadvantaged young people (2023)
Zitatform
Rodríguez-Soler, Joan & Joan Miquel Verd (2023): Informal social capital building in local employment services: Its role in the labour market integration of disadvantaged young people. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 57, H. 5, S. 679-699. DOI:10.1111/spol.12900
Abstract
"This article focuses on the role that local employment services (LES) play in informal social capital building for young people with a disadvantaged social background. The personal networks of these young people usually embed few useful resources for labour market integration, and LES actions may be an opportunity to informally build a network of contacts with better resources. To explore this possibility, biographical interviews were conducted with 24 young adults who used LES actions, and their employment trajectories were analysed. The findings highlight that these actions—especially those consisting of training or internships—provide social capital that is useful for labour market (re)integration. Linking social capital is the type of social capital that is most useful for job seeking, and it is especially effective in non-metropolitan rural areas." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The first six months expenditure for the Australian JobKeeper scheme lifted total national government expenditure by one quarter (Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic): (Interview with Bob Gregory) (2023)
Schludi, Martin; Gregory, Bob;Zitatform
Schludi, Martin; Bob Gregory (interviewte Person) (2023): The first six months expenditure for the Australian JobKeeper scheme lifted total national government expenditure by one quarter (Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic). (Interview with Bob Gregory). In: IAB-Forum H. 31.10.2023 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20231031.02
Abstract
"Während der Covid-19-Krise führte Australien groß angelegte und leicht umzusetzende Lohnkostenzuschüsse ein. Dieses „JobKeeper-Programm” sollte Entlassungen verhindern. Die Unterschiede zu den europäischen Kurzarbeitsprogrammen sind jedoch frappierend. Im Interview für das IAB-Forum gibt Bob Gregory, emeritierter Professor der Australian National University, Einblicke in den australischen Ansatz und skizziert mögliche Lehren für andere Länder." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Schludi, Martin;Ähnliche Treffer
auch deutschsprachig erschienen
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- Grundlagenbeiträge
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Typologie der Maßnahmen
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Vermittlung und Beratung
- Prozessoptimierung
- Profiling und Case Management, Eingliederungsvereinbarung
- Unterstützung bei der Arbeitsuche
- Vermittlung durch Dritte
- Vermittlung von Beziehern von Bürgergeld, Sozialhilfe oder Arbeitslosengeld II
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- Job-Center
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- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
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- berufliche Rehabilitation
- Lohnersatzleistungen / Einkommensunterstützung
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- besondere Personengruppen
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- Geografischer Bezug
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