Übergänge in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung
Wer einen Ausbildungsplatz sucht, braucht einen möglichst guten Schulabschluss. Eine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung ist wiederum ein entscheidender Faktor für die dauerhafte Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt und in die Gesellschaft. Viele Jugendliche scheitern jedoch an den beiden Hürden Schulabschluss und Ausbildungsplatzsuche. Neben leistungsschwächeren Jugendlichen sind vor allem sozial Benachteiligte betroffen. Dieses Themendossier präsentiert mit Hinweisen auf Forschungsprojekte sowie weiteren relevanten Internetquellen wissenschaftliche Befunde und Diskussionen zur Übergangsproblematik an der 1. und 2. Schwelle sowie politischen Förderstrategien zur Verbesserung der Einmündung in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung.
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Themendossier Schul- und Ausbildungsabbruch.
Themendossier Ausbildungsstellenmarkt.
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Literaturhinweis
Der institutionelle und wissenschaftliche Kontext der Studie Wege in die Zukunft (2026)
Zitatform
Danner, Katharina, Michael Duncan, Jörg Flecker, Paul Malschinger & Veronika Wöhrer (2026): Der institutionelle und wissenschaftliche Kontext der Studie Wege in die Zukunft. In: K. Danner, M. Duncan, J. Flecker, P. Malschinger & V. Wöhrer (Hrsg.) (2026): Lebenswege junger Menschen in Wien, Göttingen, S. 11-30, 2025-08-18. DOI:10.14220/9783737019071.11
Abstract
"In der Jugendphase sind Übergänge im Bildungssystem sowie der Wechsel von der Schule in die Arbeitswelt individuell zu bewältigen. Diese Schritte sind jedoch institutionell strukturiert und bei ihnen können sich, quasi wie unter einer Lupe, vielfältige gesellschaftliche Bedingungen und Problemlagen zeigen. Strukturell gesehen werden Klassenlage, Position im Geschlechterverhältnis und Ethnisierung wegen der Weichenstellungen für die weiteren Lebenwege als Platzanweiser für gesellschaftliche Postionen wirksam. Zugleich sind aber auch individuelle Entscheidungen möglich und biographisches Handeln ist gefordert, sei es zielgerichtet, um Aspirationen zu realisieren, sei es als Bewältigungshandeln, um schwierige Situationen zu überwinden. Sowohl privilegierte Lagen als auch soziale Verletzlichkeit werden sichtbar und akut, wenn man sich für einen der vielen grundsätzlich möglichen Wege entscheiden oder sich in einer neuen Schule, in der Lehre oder im Freundekreis beweisen soll, während zugleich vielfältige Aspekte der Identität ausgebildet werden. Diese Lebensphase ist daher gesellschaftlich höchst relevant, insbesondere wenn es um die weniger privilegierten Teile der Gesellschaft geht, und lässt sie zum Schnittpunkt von Jugend-, Bildungs- und Übergangsforschung werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich diesem Schnittpunkt als institutionellem und wissenschaftlichem Kontext sowie Ausgangspunkt der Studie "Wege in die Zukunft - Eine Längsschnittstudie über die Vergesellschaftung junger Menschen in Wien", die das Institut für Soziologie der Universität Wien im Jahr 2016 als Eigenprojekt gestartet und ab 2020 gemeinsam mit dem Institut für Bildungswissenschaft durchgeführt hat. Sie widmet sich den Schüler:innen der Mittelschule in Wien und weist eine Reihe von Besonderheiten auf." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Toward a modular understanding of school-to-work transitions: Comparing Italy and Austria (2025)
Zitatform
Cefalo, Ruggero & Yuri Kazepov (2025): Toward a modular understanding of school-to-work transitions: Comparing Italy and Austria. In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 66, H. 6, S. 807-830. DOI:10.1177/00207152241295985
Abstract
"Comparative analyses investigating school-to-work transitions (SWT) aim to explain how institutional characteristics shape national differences in the transition from education to employment. Researchers often rely on typologies and classifications to simplify the complex processes involved. While typologies serve as useful heuristic tools, they can also lead to oversimplification and neglect of the multilevel governance structures and territorial disparities. Our modular approach integrates various research strands to enhance understanding of the relational and spatial dynamic underlying the transition from education to the labor market. We use analytical dimensions from previous studies to structure a small-N comparison, accounting for a higher degree of complexity. Empirically, we explore the theoretical argument through the in-depth comparison of SWT systems in two diverse cases with contrasting outcomes: Italy and Austria. The analysis reveals significant hybrid traits in both countries that are often overlooked by SWT typologies. In addition, we gain insights into how multilevel institutional configurations interact with the socio-economic context contributing to diverging SWT outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel: Steigende Übernahmequote bei rückläufiger Zahl erfolgreich beendeter Ausbildungsverträge (2025)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd, Ute Leber & Barbara Schwengler (2025): Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel: Steigende Übernahmequote bei rückläufiger Zahl erfolgreich beendeter Ausbildungsverträge. (IAB-Kurzbericht 14/2025), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2514
Abstract
"Im Jahr 2024 ist die Zahl der neu abgeschlossenen Ausbildungsverträge wieder leicht zurückgegangen und liegt weiterhin deutlich unterhalb des Niveaus vor der Corona-Krise. Im Zuge der anhaltenden Wirtschaftsschwäche bleiben viele Ausbildungsplätze unbesetzt. Eine Analyse mit den Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels 2024 zeigt, wie sich verschiedene Indikatoren der betrieblichen Ausbildung entwickelt haben und ermöglicht einen Blick aus der Sicht der Betriebe auf die aktuelle Situation und die Herausforderungen auf dem Ausbildungsmarkt. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt Jugendlichen ohne Schulabschluss und der Entwicklung der Übernahmequote." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Betriebliche Bereitschaft zur Berücksichtigung von Jugendlichen ohne Schulabschluss 2024
- Gründe für die Nichtbeteiligung an der Ausbildung 2024
- Zusammenhang zwischen der Nichtbesetzungsquote und der Nichtberücksichtigung von Personen ohne Schulabschluss in verschiedenen Branchen 2024
- Ausbildungsberechtigte und ausbildende Betriebe 2010 bis 2024
- Übernahmequoten sowie beendete Ausbildungen und übernommene Auszubildende 2010 bis 2024
- Die Hälfte der Betriebe ist bereit, Jugendliche ohne Schulabschluss einzustellen
- Zusammenhang zwischen der Entwicklung der erfolgreich beendeten Ausbildungen und der Übernahmequote in verschiedenen Branchen 2015 bis 2024
- Nichtbesetzungsquoten 2024 nach Betriebsgrößen, Branchen und wirtschaftlicher Lage
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Literaturhinweis
Zwischen Schulabschluss und Berufsausbildung: Die Barrieren für Jugendliche aus Haushalten mit Grundsicherungsbezug sind besonders hoch (2025)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd, Anna Heusler & Julia Holleitner (2025): Zwischen Schulabschluss und Berufsausbildung: Die Barrieren für Jugendliche aus Haushalten mit Grundsicherungsbezug sind besonders hoch. In: IAB-Forum H. 18.06.2025 Nürnberg, 2025-06-17. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250618.01
Abstract
"Der Abschluss einer Ausbildung oder eines Studiums trägt wesentlich zu einem reibungslosen Übergang von der Schule in den Arbeitsmarkt bei. Doch die Zahl junger Menschen ohne Berufsabschluss nimmt seit Jahren zu. Vor allem bei jungen Erwachsenen aus Haushalten, die Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende beziehen, ist das Risiko instabiler Übergänge deutlich erhöht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Self-Esteem Change During Career Entry (2025)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Teresa Sophie & Astrid Schütz (2025): Self-Esteem Change During Career Entry. In: Journal of adult development, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1007/s10804-025-09541-x
Abstract
"Self-esteem is linked to several positive outcomes. Thus, it is important to improve our understanding of how self-esteem develops and why people exhibit different self-esteem trajectories. Important events pertaining to self-esteem are life transitions, such as starting a career in young adulthood. Drawing on data from nearly 2000 participants in the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam), we used latent growth curve models to examine the extent to which career entry influences self-esteem trajectories in young adulthood, particularly with respect to success at career entry and social investments in the individual’s career. In line with the notion of mastering developmental tasks, self-esteem decreased prior to career entry but increased thereafter; however, this pattern was observed only among individuals who entered the workforce at an average or late age. For early entrants, self-esteem remained stable. However, successful career entry enhanced the self-esteem trajectories of young and average-aged career entrants; namely, they exhibited greater increases in self-esteem after career entry if they were satisfied with their jobs, if their jobs paid well, and if those jobs were well respected. Social investments in one’s career had no effect on self-esteem trajectories. All of the final analyses controlled for education, job status, and gender. Overall, the results of this research indicate that self-esteem increases alongside (successful) career entry." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories (2025)
Zitatform
Mahajan, Parag, Dhiren Patki & Heiko Stüber (2025): Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories. In: Journal of labor economics, S. 1-38. DOI:10.1086/739199
Abstract
"Workers who enter the labor market during recessions experience lasting earnings losses, butthe role of non-pay amenities in exacerbating or counteracting these losses remains unknown.Using population-scale data from Germany, we find that labor market entry during recessionsgenerates a 5 percent reduction in earnings cumulated over the first decade of experience. 32 percent of recession-induced earnings losses are explained by losses in employer-specific pay.Implementing a revealed-preference estimator of employer quality that aggregates informationfrom the universe of worker moves across employers, we find that 14 percent of recession-inducedearnings losses are compensated by non-pay amenities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career readiness in Madrid, Spain: Insights from a survey of young adults (19-26) (2025)
Mann, Anthony; Diaz, Jonathan; Posada, Sara Zapata;Zitatform
Mann, Anthony, Jonathan Diaz & Sara Zapata Posada (2025): Career readiness in Madrid, Spain. Insights from a survey of young adults (19-26). (OECD education working papers 331), Paris, 230 S. DOI:10.1787/73cdc17d-en
Abstract
"This paper reports the results of a survey of young adults aged 19-26 who were educated in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The study asks users of career guidance systems within secondary education to share perspectives on their usefulness from the vantage point of the labour market participation. The study finds that overwhelmingly respondents who participated in career development activities as teenagers found them to be useful to their post-secondary transitions with many stating that they were very useful. They wished however that they had received more support from their schools, especially with regard to practical activities related to integration into the working world. Analysis finds many strong relationships between participation in career development and the quality of transitions. It is less likely for young adults who engaged more deeply in career development as teenagers to report that they were Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) at the time of the survey and they expressed more positive attitudes about their transitions and the value of the support received from their schools." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Between Selection and Inclusion in Vocational Education and Training: Contrasting Switzerland and Spain (2025)
Marhuenda-Fluixá, Fernando; Bonoli, Lorenzo;Zitatform
Marhuenda-Fluixá, Fernando & Lorenzo Bonoli (2025): Between Selection and Inclusion in Vocational Education and Training. Contrasting Switzerland and Spain. In: IJVES : international journal of vocational education studies, Jg. 2, H. 1, S. 43-66. DOI:10.14361/ijves-2025-020103
Abstract
"This article discusses inclusivness of Vocational Education and Training (VET) at Upper Secondary Education (USE). While inclusion has become a policy aim in compulsory education, it is not so clear that it is the case beyond post-16 education. In the case of VET, the demand of high quality standardized vocational qualifications challenges inclusion. The article addresses three different dimensions of inclusion: access to VET at USE, successfully achieving a qualification, and entering the labor market in a position according to the qualification achieved. We approach inclusion from a policy rather than a pedagogical perspective in section 2, and in section 3 our hypothesis about the inclusiveness of a school-based VET and a dual VET system are presented. In section 4 we choose Spain and Switzerland as examples of these systems, we show indicators, and we describe how both systems deal with the three dimensions of accessing, achieving a qualification and entering the labor market. The analysis concludes by stating that inclusion is particularly difficult because of the first dimension: it is in transition to VET in USE where both countries have more difficulties and could improve their inclusiveness. The problem is the same, but the reasons are different and these are explained in the text, addressing tensions between reputation and inclusiveness and the externalization of measures. Some considerations on comparative education also result from our analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
School-to-work transition in Chile and Uruguay from the education-occupation linkage perspective (2025)
Zitatform
Marques Hill, Agustina & Heike Solga (2025): School-to-work transition in Chile and Uruguay from the education-occupation linkage perspective. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 63. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100654
Abstract
"This study examines school-to-work transitions (STWTs) in Chile and Uruguay, focusing on education-occupation linkages. For the first time, we apply the linkage strength approach to Latin American countries, using cross-sectional household survey data. Since STWT research is highly segregated across the different world regions, we do so in a comparative perspective with France, Germany, and the United States. Although Chile and Uruguay are high-income countries, they still face STWT challenges common to Latin America, such as high levels of informal and agricultural work. However, Chile has higher educational attainment than Uruguay, similar to the comparison countries. Our analysis reveals strong education-occupation linkages not only among higher qualified young adults, but also among low-qualified entrants – thus a “linkage trap” into low-skilled jobs – in Chile and especially in Uruguay. Moreover, unlike in France and Germany, general education provides stronger linkages than vocational programs. Informal employment does not differ significantly from formal employment in terms of linking education to occupations in STWTs. In fact, informal employment is associated with stronger linkages for low-qualified young workers in Uruguay. Furthermore, in Uruguay, strong linkages are associated with lower earnings for both tertiary and less-educated entrants, challenging the positive interpretation of high linkage strength drawn from the comparison countries. Overall, the linkage strength patterns are not as different across the different world regions: Chile’s andUruguay’s patterns are in some aspects closer to France and Germany than the United States is to either European country." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Entry conditions and the transition from tertiary education to employment: a cross-country perspective (2025)
Zitatform
Moffat, John & Duncan H.W. Roth (2025): Entry conditions and the transition from tertiary education to employment: a cross-country perspective. In: International Journal of Manpower, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1108/ijm-02-2025-0150
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper analyses the short-run effects of the unemployment rate at the time of graduation on the transition into employment. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical analysis is based on monthly data on tertiary education graduates in 19 European countries covering 2004–2017 from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey. Our methodology combines a Cox proportional hazards model with a two-stage residual inclusion approach. Findings: We find that a one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate reduces the hazard rate of transitioning from unemployment into employment by 6%. Consistent with evidence on cross-country differences in labour market rigidity, we find that the effect is stronger in Southern European countries. Within this group, the effect is almost entirely due to negative effects on female graduates. Originality/value: While the long-run effects of the conditions at the time of labour market entry have been widely studied, relatively little is known about their effects in the short run. This is partly due to the use of annual data in the extant literature. This gap in the literature is important since it is well established that unemployment at the beginning of an individual's career can have long-term “scarring” effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen als: IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit, 17360Weiterführende Informationen
Supplementary data -
Literaturhinweis
Socio‐Economic and Gender Differences in Post‐Secondary Pathways in the UK, Germany, and Australia (2025)
Zitatform
Tomaszewski, Wojtek, Hans Dietrich, Golo Henseke, Ning Xiang & Ingrid Schoon (2025): Socio‐Economic and Gender Differences in Post‐Secondary Pathways in the UK, Germany, and Australia. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 13, 2025-02-10. DOI:10.17645/si.9601
Abstract
"This study investigates variations in school‐to‐work transitions (SWTs) by socio‐economic status (SES), gender, and socio‐cultural context. Leveraging data from three nationally representative longitudinal panel studies, we compare the experiences of young people coming of age in the 21st century (2011 to 2023) in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia. We examine the role of different support systems that scaffold the SWT process along various post‐secondary pathways, including university, further education/vocational training, and employment tracks, with a particular focus on variations by parental education and gender. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Understanding Society Panel in the UK (N = 15,692 observations), the German Socio‐Economic Panel (GSOEP; N = 5,464), and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (N = 5,759), we track synthetic cohorts born between 1993 and 1995 from ages 18 to 27 in the three countries. We employ linear probability models to conduct a cross‐national comparative analysis, identifying variations in post‐secondary pathways across the three country contexts. The choice of countries is motivated by their shared status as developed economies with distinct features in their SWT systems—contrasting the neoliberal deregulatory frameworks of Britain and Australia with Germany’s employment‐focused dual system. The findings reveal significant effects of parental education on post‐secondary transitions, as well as the differing roles of gender across various educational policy contexts. These results underscore the complexity of SWT when considered in different national settings. The insights generated by this analysis highlight the importance of dedicated policies to support low‐SES youth and promote gender equality in education and employment outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Initial Labour Market Outcomes (2025)
Umkehrer, Matthias;Zitatform
Umkehrer, Matthias (2025): The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Initial Labour Market Outcomes. (IAB-Discussion Paper 16/2025), Nürnberg, 35 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2516
Abstract
"In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich, wie sich die Einführung des bundesweiten Mindestlohns in Deutschland auf die Arbeitsmarktergebnisse junger Berufseinsteiger auswirkt. Die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, administrative Mikrodaten und prognostizierte Mindestlohnbetroffenheit erlauben es, die kausalen Effekte der Maßnahme zu schätzen. Dazu werden Kohorten verglichen, die zu Beginn ihres Erwerbslebens vom Mindestlohn betroffen bzw. nicht betroffen waren, wobei Selektion in Ausbildung, Endogenität des Zeitpunkts des Berufseintritts, Veränderungen in der Kohortenzusammensetzung und makroökonomische Bedingungen kontrolliert werden. Die betroffenen Kohorten wiesen höhere Einkommen, aber keine geringere Beschäftigung auf. Sie arbeiteten etwas mehr Stunden, begannen ihre Karriere häufiger bei größeren und besser entlohnenden Arbeitgebern, übten seltener Berufe mit höherer Mindestlohnbetroffenheit aus und verrichteten seltener manuelle-routine Tätigkeiten oder Hilfsarbeiten. Den Ergebnissen zufolge behindert der Mindestlohn den Übergang von der Ausbildung in das Erwerbsleben nicht, beeinflusst aber die Zusammensetzung der Unternehmen und Berufe auf dem Arbeitsmarkt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Umkehrer, Matthias; -
Literaturhinweis
Conflict and support during apprenticeship training in Germany: consequences for apprenticeship success and further employment in the company (2025)
Zitatform
Weißmann, Markus & Tobias Roth (2025): Conflict and support during apprenticeship training in Germany: consequences for apprenticeship success and further employment in the company. In: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, Jg. 17, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s40461-025-00201-8
Abstract
"Dual vocational training, i.e., the combination of on-the-job training in a company and school-based teaching, is of major importance to a smooth transition into the labor market and for the recruitment of skilled labor in Germany. However, around 30 percent of all training contracts are not successfully completed and not all successful apprentices remain in their training company afterwards. Previous studies have shown that apprentices who terminated their training prematurely often report conflicts and insufficient support within the company as reasons. However, these studies do not include the group of successful apprentices for whom these two aspects might also have been an issue. Moreover, to our knowledge, no study has yet appropriately investigated how conflicts and a lack of support are related to the likelihood of staying in the training company as an employee after training graduation. Using panel data from the Starting Cohort 4 of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS SC4), we address these research gaps. Our results indicate that apprentices are less likely to finish their training successfully when they report conflicts in the company and more likely when they report support. Support does not buffer the negative effects of conflicts. Successful trainees are only less likely to subsequently remain in the training company when they report high levels of conflicts combined with low levels of support. Our detailed analyses suggest that this is rather due to missing employment offers from companies than due to graduates refusing these offers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Regional youth employment: trends, drivers and the impact of the knowledge economy and decarbonisation (2025)
Zitatform
Whelan, Adele, Elisa Staffa & Conor Banahan (2025): Regional youth employment: trends, drivers and the impact of the knowledge economy and decarbonisation. In: Journal of Youth Studies, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2025.2555923
Abstract
"This paper uses micro-data from the European Labour Force Survey to construct a novel regional panel to examine youth employment for Italy, Spain, Greece and Ireland over 2008–2021. Youth employment has been especially vulnerable to economic shocks in these peripheral European economies. Youth employment rates declined sharply during the Great Recession, particularly in Greece and Spain, followed by Ireland and Italy. After 2014, recovery took hold, but the COVID-19 crisis triggered another downturn before renewed improvement. To assess regional cohesion, we apply a Barro regression framework to test for convergence or divergence, and use fixed-effects panel models to examine the determinants of youth employment. Results indicate divergence at a rate of 7.6% between 2008 and 2014, followed by convergence at 5% thereafter, suggesting improving cohesion. In terms of the drivers, regional youth employment is negatively affected by brown and knowledge-economy sectors, particularly in regions undergoing decarbonisation. We find evidence to support policies aimed at improving overall labour force participation and promoting tertiary education as a means of enhancing youth employment. Regional GDP per capita also has a positive effect. These findings highlight the importance of targeted policy interventions to support youth employment during times of economic downturn and environmental transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Junge Menschen ohne Berufsabschluss - Verborgenes Fachkräftepotenzial für Rheinland-Pfalz (2025)
Zitatform
Wydra-Somaggio, Gabriele & Niklas Schorr (2025): Junge Menschen ohne Berufsabschluss - Verborgenes Fachkräftepotenzial für Rheinland-Pfalz. (IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Rheinland-Pfalz-Saarland 01/2025), Nürnberg, 36 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.RERPS.2501
Abstract
"Zwischen 2013 und 2022 haben in Rheinland-Pfalz ungefähr 76.000 junge Menschen bis zum Alter von 25 Jahren eine sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung (sv-Beschäftigung) aufgenommen, ohne zuvor einen formalen Berufsabschluss erworben zu haben. Einige dieser Personen beginnen zwar eine Ausbildung, beenden diese aber vorzeitig, also ohne Abschluss. Andere wiederum besuchen Maßnahmen, die gezielt die Berufswahl und Berufsorientierung bzw. die Aktivierung und berufliche Eingliederung unterstützen, ohne jedoch unmittelbar Ausbildungsabschlüsse zu erzielen, so dass das Fachkräftepotenzial dieser ungelernten jungen Menschen nicht genutzt werden kann. Dies bleibt nicht ohne Folgen für die Betriebe, die insbesondere in Rheinland-Pfalz von einem ausgeprägten Fachkräftebedarf betroffen sind. Zudem wirkt sich Ausbildungslosigkeit negativ auf die Erwerbskarrieren der jungen Menschen aus. Vor allem junge Menschen mit einem niedrigen Schulabschluss und mit ausländischer Staatsbürgerschaft weisen ein hohes Risiko auf, dauerhaft ohne Ausbildung zu bleiben. Insgesamt schaffen 33 Prozent von den knapp 39.000 Personen, die zwischen 2013 und 2017 zunächst eine Beschäftigung aufnehmen, es auch bis zum Alter von 34 Jahren nicht, einen Berufsabschluss zu erwerben. Ihre weiteren Erwerbskarrieren sind von geringeren Löhnen, geringen Aufstiegschancen und unsteteren Beschäftigungsverläufen geprägt. Insbesondere Erwerbsverläufe mit einer langen Phase in sv-Beschäftigung oder unsteten Verläufen mit langen Phasen der Unterstützung durch die Berufsagentur für Arbeit (BA) sowie Zeiten außerhalb des Arbeitsmarktes bergen ein hohes Risiko, langfristig ohne Berufsabschluss zu bleiben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Bildung auf einen Blick 2025: OECD-Indikatoren (2025)
Zitatform
(2025): Bildung auf einen Blick 2025: OECD-Indikatoren. (Bildung auf einen Blick. OECD-Indikatoren 2025), Bielefeld: wbv Media, 623 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763979257
Abstract
"Die jährlich erscheinende OECD-Studie „Bildung auf einen Blick" informiert über den Zustand der Bildungssysteme in den 38 OECD-Mitgliedsländern sowie in einigen Beitritts- und Partnerländern. Die internationalen Daten, die in über 100 Diagrammen und Tabellen aufbereitet sind, umfassen den gesamten Bildungsverlauf, vom Kindergarten über Schule bis zu Hochschule und Aus- und Weiterbildung. Sie vergleichen Entwicklungen der Strukturen, Leistungsfähigkeit und Finanzen der beteiligten Länder. Die Ausgabe 2025 legt den Schwerpunkt auf den Tertiärbereich und untersucht Abschlussquoten, die Unterschiede zwischen den Ergebnissen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt nach Fächergruppe, die Erfolgsquoten sowie die Kompetenzen Erwachsener mit einem Abschluss im Tertiärbereich. Ein zusätzliches Kapitel liefert Ergebnisse der Erhebung zu den grundlegenden Kompetenzen Erwachsener (PIAAC) 2023 und verknüpft sie mit anderen Indikatoren in der Publikation." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Building pathways to opportunity: How to ensure a more level playing field in OECD countries (2025)
Zitatform
(2025): Building pathways to opportunity. How to ensure a more level playing field in OECD countries. (OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion, Sustainability and Equal Opportunity 21), Paris, 13 S. DOI:10.1787/239063a4-en
Abstract
"Ensuring that everyone has a fair chance to succeed in life constitutes a fundamental principle of democracy, as well as an important source of economic growth and social inclusion. A new flagship OECD report, To Have and Have Not – How to Bridge the Gap in Opportunities, offers important new evidence on the way in which opportunities are distributed across OECD countries. In doing so, it aims to inform public debates on an issue of high relevance and help design effective policies that can ensure a more level playing field for all. This policy brief provides a condensed overview of the main insights and findings from this report. The policy brief explains why and how inequality of opportunity should be measured. It sheds light on some of the key questions covered in the report, including (i) how fairly are opportunities distributed in OECD countries; (ii) which circumstances play the largest role in shaping economic outcomes and for whom; (iii) what is the role of place and how are economic opportunities shaped by geographic divides in access to education, employment, infrastructure and essential services; and (iv) how can policy contribute to a more level playing field." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intergenerational transmission of unemployment after apprenticeship graduation: does parental socioeconomic background still matter? (2024)
Zitatform
Dummert, Sandra (2024): Intergenerational transmission of unemployment after apprenticeship graduation: does parental socioeconomic background still matter? In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 58, 2024-03-14. DOI:10.1186/s12651-024-00364-z
Abstract
"A smooth transition from apprenticeship to standard employment is a key step in the professional biographies of apprenticeship graduates. In this study, the transition of apprenticeship graduates from households that receive unemployment benefits are considered. These graduates are thought to be disadvantaged because their parents’ socioeconomic background is assumed to influence their employment outcomes through processes of intergenerational transmission and cumulative disadvantage. Based on administrative data from the Sample of Integrated Welfare Benefit Biographies (SIG) provided by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), this analysis offers deeper insights into parental socioeconomic background and the individual factors that affect the risk of unemployment following the completion of an apprenticeship. In the case of an unsuccessful direct transition to standard employment, the factors infuencing the duration of the frst unemployment are also assessed. The results show that, as with individual characteristics, parents’ education level has a signifcant effect on the graduates’ risk of unemployment. The duration of the household’s benefit receipt, on the other hand, significantly influences the duration of the first unemployment in the case of an unsuccessful transition following an apprenticeship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The employment expectations of adolescents: Examining the role of social origin, parental support, and personality traits (2024)
Zitatform
Esche, Frederike & Petra Böhnke (2024): The employment expectations of adolescents: Examining the role of social origin, parental support, and personality traits. In: Advances in life course research, Jg. 61. DOI:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100629
Abstract
"Early life course conditions and the social origin of families frequently influence the inequalities people experience in adulthood. The transition from education to work is a challenging period during which adolescents make their first employment-related choices and establish the course of their careers. Future expectations guide adolescents’ employment-related choices and are assumed to influence future employment outcomes. Therefore, this paper investigates whether family (dis)advantages affect adolescents’ employment expectations. We assess various underlying mechanisms that may influence the relationship between social origin and adolescents’ employment expectations by using cross-sectional data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP: 2006–2018), specifically a youth questionnaire administered at age 17. Three key findings emerge. First, family disadvantages, particularly an insecure parental labor market participation, influence the employment expectations of adolescents negatively. Second, supportive parenting does not mediate the relationship between social origin and the employment expectations of adolescents; instead, it functions as an additional positive factor. Third, supportive parenting creates more optimistic employment expectations because it fosters specific “beneficial” personality traits, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, and internal control beliefs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Learning Goal Orientation and the Development of Perceived Employability of Young Workers (2024)
Zitatform
Grosemans, Ilke, Ellen Houben, Eva Kyndt & Nele De Cuyper (2024): Learning Goal Orientation and the Development of Perceived Employability of Young Workers. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 59-70. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000328
Abstract
"The current study probes the relation between learning and employability. First, we investigated the relationship between younger workers' work-domain learning goal orientation and perceived employability and its development over time. This portrays an agentic view: Effort is expected to open up new opportunities. Second, we explored whether agency is equally strong for everyone by investigating whether having a higher education degree associated with this relationship. Latent growth analyses (N = 792) demonstrated that work-domain learning goal orientation of younger workers only affected the initial value of perceived employability and only for workers without higher education degree. Furthermore, perceived employability of respondents without (vs. with) higher education degree started lower, but they seem to catch up over a 1-year period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Hogrefe Verlag) ((en))