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Aizawa, Naoki, Soojin Kim & Serena Rhee (2025): Labor Market Screening and the Design of Social Insurance: An Equilibrium Analysis of the Labor Market for the Disabled. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 92, H. 1, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdae015

Abstract

"This article studies how firms’ screening incentives in the labor market affect the optimal design of social insurance programs and quantitatively assesses the U.S. disability policies accounting for firms’ screening of the disabled. We develop an equilibrium search model where workers with different productivities have heterogeneous preferences over non-wage benefits and firms cannot offer an employment contract that explicitly depends on worker types. In this environment, firms may use contracts to screen out a certain type of workers, distorting employment rates and contracts in equilibrium. Therefore, the optimal structure of social insurance policies depends on firms’ screening incentives. We extend and structurally estimate this framework to quantitatively understand the inefficiencies arising from firms’ incentives to screen out disabled workers and examine the optimal joint design of disability insurance (DI) and various forms of firm subsidies. We find that hiring subsidies mitigate screening distortions; at the same time, they interact with DI by reducing the labor supply disincentives it generates. The optimal policy structure leads to a considerable welfare gain by simultaneously making firm subsidies and DI benefits more generous." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Albinowski, Maciej, Iga Magda & Agata Rozszczypała (2025): The employment effects of the disability education gap in Europe. In: Education Economics, Jg. 33, H. 5, S. 686-699. DOI:10.1080/09645292.2024.2395564

Abstract

"We investigate the contribution of the disability education gap to thedisability employment gap in the European Union. We find that educational attainment is a major factor determining the probability of employment among persons with disabilities and that the employment effects of tertiary education are much larger among persons with disabilities than among non-disabled people. We also uncover substantial heterogeneity in the role of education across countries. Overall, weestimate that 19% of the disability employment gap in the 25–34 agegroup can be attributed to the gap in education between individuals with and without disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Baeken, Andries, Anneleen Forrier & Nele De Cuyper (2025): Is Work Still a Right if it has Become a Norm? Disability Inclusion in Labor Market Policy Discourse. In: Journal of Business Ethics, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1007/s10551-025-05962-6

Abstract

"Policy motives for work for people with a disability (PWD) are divergent along two discourses: work as a right vs norm. Work as a right, based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), portrays work as a potential gateway for inclusion. Work as a norm fits a neoliberal agenda. It considers labor market participation of all, including PWD, as a civil responsibility crucial for economic welfare. Critics argue that the work as a norm discourse presents a risk for inclusion of PWD. Work is seen as a necessary condition for and not one of many ways to inclusion in society. To make the right to work for PWD work, critical scholars call to unravel whether and how the discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD become intertwined in policy. In response and through the lens of recontextualization, we study how discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD are received, reproduced and reworked in political debate in Flanders (Belgium) over time. We examine policy texts and parliamentary questions of four government terms (2004–2024). The findings illustrate how the work as a right discourse is gradually recontextualized into the work as a norm discourse to legitimize neoliberal policies of strict activation. In accordance, we see a gradual move towards neoliberal-ableism. Although the UNCRPD aims to eradicate ableism, its recontextualization and appropriation reinforces neoliberal-ableism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Beer, Mareike (2025): Inklusion im Berufseinstieg. Gatekeeping am Übergang Schule-Berufsausbildung aus Sicht von Auszubildenden mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen. (Teilhabe an Beruf und Arbeit 7), Bielefeld: wbv, 514 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763977505

Abstract

"Die Berufsorientierung und der damit verbundene Berufswahlprozess spielen eine zentrale Rolle für die berufliche Zukunft. Denn ein erfolgreicher Übergang in die Arbeitswelt ist nicht nur für die individuelle Entwicklung wichtig, sondern auch ein entscheidender Faktor für gesellschaftliche Teilhabe. Die Phase des Übergangs von der Schule in den Beruf stellt vor allem Jugendliche mit Förderbedarf, Beeinträchtigungen oder Behinderungen vor besondere Herausforderungen. Die Forschung hat bisher der größten Gruppe von Heranwachsenden mit Förderbedarf - Jugendlichen mit Lernbeeinträchtigungen - wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit der Autorin Mareike Beer wird sich mit dieser Gruppe befasst, um einen Beitrag zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke zu leisten. Ferner sollen neue Erkenntnisse über die spezifischen Herausforderungen und Bedürfnisse dieser Zielgruppe gewonnen werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © wbv)

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Bethge, Matthias, David Bühne, Hannes Banaschak, Annika Sternberg, Andrea Budde, Gerhard Schnalke & David Fauser (2025): Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 40-53. DOI:10.1055/a-2290-7717

Abstract

"Die medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation (MBOR) ist ein multimodales interprofessionell durchgeführtes Programm, das gesundheitsbedingte Diskrepanzen von arbeitsplatzbezogenen Fähigkeiten und Anforderungen reduziert, um berufliche Teilhabe von Menschen zu unterstützen, die, z. B. aufgrund langer Arbeitsunfähigkeit, ein erhöhtes Risiko haben, dass die berufliche Wiedereingliederung scheitert. Leistungsrechtlich ist die MBOR eine medizinische Rehabilitation, die durch zusätzliche diagnostische und therapeutische Leistungen ergänzt wurde." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Blanck, Jonna M., Christian Brzinsky-Fay & Justin J.W. Powell (2025): Pathways to Inclusion? Labor Market Entry Trajectories of Persons With Disabilities in Europe. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 13. DOI:10.17645/si.9603

Abstract

"Almost a fifth of the population in OECD countries report having a disability and the proportion of students classified as having special educational needs (SEN) has steadily increased over recent decades. While this group faces marginalization in schooling and employment everywhere, there are profound differences in disability-based disadvantages across countries. However, comparative research on the labor market opportunities of persons with disabilities (PwDs) remains limited, especially regarding school-to-work transitions (STWT) that are crucial for subsequent labor market opportunities. Thus, lacking comparative knowledge on how institutional contexts shape these transitions also limits opportunities for policy learning and improvement of supports provided. This study addresses these gaps by analysing longitudinal data from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). First, using sequence and cluster analysis, we classify these trajectories and provide an in-depth analysis of labor market entry patterns for PwDs compared to those without disabilities across 31 European countries. Second, we explore whether the timing of first employment, instability during the STWT, as well as inclusionary or exclusionary transitions vary between these groups and how the disparities between persons with and without disabilities regarding these indicators are related to institutionalized segregation and support structures. Our findings highlight that PwDs usually do not transition more slowly to (some form of) employment, yet they experience more instability and less inclusion during their STWT. Segregation exacerbates disadvantages, whereas institutional support structures reduce the disadvantages youth with disabilities face when these programs actively facilitate pathways to inclusion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Booth, Jonathan E. & Daniela Lup (2025): Enabling Inclusion: An Analysis of Positive and Negative Outcomes of Discretionary Work Arrangements for Employees With Disabilities. In: BJIR, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 394-412. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12862

Abstract

"While it is well-known that employees with disabilities have significantly more negative work experiences compared to other employees, research geared towards understanding how employers could improve some of these experiences is still underdeveloped. To advance this research agenda, this study investigates links between five distinct types of discretionary arrangements (work discretion, scheduling discretion, part-timing, homeworking and pay for individual performance), and outcomes related to work experiences and the wellbeing of employees with disabilities (job satisfaction, perception of fairness, recognition, motivation, engagement, work stress and work-life interference). To explore these links, we use data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). We find that not all work arrangements that increase discretion at the workplace have a positive impact on employees with disabilities and that some can be especially detrimental. By unpacking the multiple ways in which various types of discretion at the workplace affect employees with disabilities, this study not only makes a theoretical contribution but also provides employers who aim to improve the working experiences of employees with disabilities with some empirical evidence to help them take more inclusive actions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Breit, Eric & Magne Bråthen (2025): Distinctions between inclusive and non-inclusive companies for persons with disability: Exploring the impact of COM-B and HRM practices. In: Work. A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, Jg. 81, H. 2, S. 2651-2661. DOI:10.1177/10519815251320275

Abstract

"Background: Scholars have increasingly focused on the role of employers in addressing labour market challenges faced by persons with disability (PWD). While we have gained more knowledge about the motivations, practices and characteristics for hiring PWD, we still lack information on whether these are general organizational features or specific to inclusive companies. Objective: This study aims to examine the factors that distinguish inclusive from non-inclusive ones, using the COM-B framework (capability, opportunity, motivation) and Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Methods: We utilized survey data from a sample of small and medium sized companies (SME) in Norway (N = 1000). We conducted Logistic Regression Estimates (odds ratios) to determine predictive factors of an “inclusive company”. Results: Inclusive companies scored higher than non-inclusive companies in all dimensions of COM-B and HRM practices. However, only knowledge about work inclusion (capability), availability of resources and positions (opportunity) and the desire to contribute to an inclusive labour market (social motivation) were significant explanatory factors for inclusivity. Among HRM practices, only recruitment showed a significant relationship with inclusivity after considering the COM factors. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of utilizing the COM-B framework to understand how companies approach the inclusion of PWD." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brooke, Alissa Molinelli, Joshua P. Taylor, Katherine Inge, Travis Wright, Paul Wehman, Jennifer McDonough & Valerie Brooke (2025): Employer Perceptions of Hiring and Initial Support of Employees With Disabilities. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 249-261. DOI:10.1177/00343552241265317

Abstract

"Much of the literature to date on disability employment has focused on preparing and supporting individuals with disabilities seeking and retaining jobs (i.e., supply side). A growing body of demand-side research has revealed the importance of employer’s experiences, attitudes, and perspectives in promoting successful employment outcomes. Much remains to be learned about employers’ decision-making process around the hiring and initial onboarding of employees with disabilities. The current study consisted of interviews with 35 supervisors from businesses who had recently hired and were currently employing a person with a disability in a range of industries. Key themes across the hiring and onboarding phases highlighted the importance of employment specialists and the value of relationships and rapport to impact decisions made during these phases. Our findings resulted in several recommendations for future research, policy, and practice, the implications of which are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brünger, Martin, Patrick Brzoska, Jean-Baptist Du Prel, Sebastian Ellert, Anne-Kathrin Exner, Tobias Knoop, Sarah Leinberger, Stefanie March, Tatjana Mika, Nancy Reims, Max Rohrbacher, Michael Schuler, Diana Wahidie & Christian Hetzel (2025): Nutzung von Routinedaten in der Rehabilitationsforschung - Teil 1: Ein Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und Datenschutz. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 167-175., 2025-02-24. DOI:10.1055/a-2575-9422

Abstract

"Aufgrund des hohen Aufwands von Primärstudien bietet sich die Nutzung von bestehenden Daten, sogenannten Routinedaten, für die Beantwortung insbesondere von versorgungsnahen Forschungsfragen in der Rehabilitation an. Bisherige Übersichtsarbeiten zur Routinedatennutzung fokussieren auf die Akutversorgung im Zuständigkeitsbereich der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV), lassen jedoch die Rehabilitation und andere Reha-relevante Leistungsträger wie die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV), die Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) und die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) weitgehend außen vor. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, einen Überblick über Art, Zugang, Qualität und datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte zu Routinedaten im Kontext der Rehabilitationsforschung zu geben. Bestehende Empfehlungen, Ergebnisse einer selektiven Literaturrecherche und eigene Erfahrungen wurden herangezogen. Routinedaten zeichnen sich durch die sehr hohe Fallzahl, den oft großen Merkmalsumfang und die längsschnittliche Dokumentation über lange Zeiträume aus. Der Zugang zu Routinedaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung und der Bundesagentur für Arbeit ist für Forschende vergleichsweise niedrigschwellig, während dies für Routinedaten anderer Leistungsträger und von Leistungserbringern bislang nicht gleichermaßen der Fall ist. Weiterhin können unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen Routinedatensätze untereinander und mit Primärdaten verknüpft werden, was die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten deutlich erweitern kann. Neben den Vorteilen von Routinedaten sind deren Limitationen zu beachten. Routinedaten wurden für andere Zwecke erhoben und enthalten meist nur Merkmale, die für die Administration erforderlich sind. Ein prospektiver Studienansatz mit Routinedaten ist aufgrund der kontinuierlichen Datenerhebung und -dokumentation grundsätzlich möglich, jedoch ist keine randomisierte Zuweisung zu Interventionen umsetzbar. Zudem sind Generalisierbarkeit und Qualität einschließlich psychometrischer Eigenschaften von Datensätzen und einzelner Variablen zu prüfen, ebenso die Verfügbarkeit von Routinedatensätzen. Das im Aufbau befindliche Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit sieht bislang weder eine Integration von GKV-Rehabilitationsdaten noch die Verknüpfung von GKV-Daten mit Daten anderer Reha-relevanter Leistungsträger vor. Datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte sind ebenfalls bedeutsam. Bei Nutzung von pseudonymisierten Daten von Sozialversicherungsträgern ist durch die Datenhalter ein Antrag nach § 75 SGB X bei den zuständigen Aufsichtsbehörden zu stellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bömmel, Nadja, Mustafa Coban, Zein Kasrin, Maximilian Schiele, Claudia Wenzig, Joachim Wolff & Cordula Zabel (2025): From welfare to work: The health and material well-being effects of long-term employment subsidies in Germany. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12653., 2024-01-31. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12653

Abstract

"This paper analyses effects of subsidized, predominantly non-standard, employment within the German labor market program ‘participation in the labor market’ for long-term welfare recipients on their health satisfaction, health-based quality of life, satisfaction with standard of living and households' actual ownership of important goods (e.g., car or new clothes) or the lack thereof due to financial reasons. We differentiated subgroups by health, age and working hours. Data for participants and non-participants (but entitled to welfare benefits) stem from the first two waves (2020/2021) of the panel survey ‘Quality of Life and Social Participation’. To identify causal effects, we employed matching methods based on administrative and survey data. Our findings show that 1 and 2 years after programme start, participation had significant positive effects on all indicators of health and standard of living. Thus, for the program's focus group, subsidized employment, even if non-standard, can contribute to improving health and material well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Wiley) ((en))

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Chan, Fong, Kanako Iwanaga, Timothy N. Tansey, Nicole Ditchman, Paul Wehman, Jia Rung Wu & Xiangli Chen (2025): Assessing Evidence-Based Disability Inclusion Policy and Practices to Promote Employment of People With Disabilities in the Workplace: Scale Development and Validation. In: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, Jg. 68, H. 4, S. 236-248. DOI:10.1177/00343552241268757

Abstract

"There is a strong commitment in the United States and the European Union to better support people with disabilities in the competitive labor market, where disability inclusion is widely viewed as a social imperative and underscored in policies, such as the European Union’s Disability Inclusion Policy and Strategy 2020–2030, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. However, there is a lack of readily available strategies and tools for rehabilitation counselors to collaborate effectively with businesses and organizations in assessing their progress toward these inclusion goals. To address this need, the Disability Inclusion Profiler (DIP23) was developed to assess disability inclusion policies and practices. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the DIP23 in a sample of 466 human resources managers. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor measurement structure: (1) Executive Level and (2) Middle Management and Staff Level Disability Inclusion Policies. Both factors demonstrated strong internal consistency and correlated with employment rates of people with disabilities. The DIP23 is a psychometrically sound measure for rehabilitation counselors to help organizations assess their disability-inclusive climate and identify areas of strengths and areas needing improvement to increase disability representation in the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chiswick, Barry, Hope Corman, Dhaval M. Dave & Nancy Reichman (2025): Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment of Young Adults with Cognitive Disabilities. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33990), Cambridge, Mass, 43 S.

Abstract

"This study analyzes, for the first time, the effect of increases in the minimum wage on the labor market outcomes of working age adults with cognitive disabilities, a vulnerable and low-skilled sector of the actual and potential labor pool. Using data from the American Community Survey (2008-2023), we estimated effects of the minimum wage on employment, labor force participation, weeks worked, and hours worked among working age individuals with cognitive disabilities using a generalized difference-in-differences research design. We found that a higher effective minimum wage leads to reduced employment and labor force participation among individuals with cognitive disabilities but has no significant effect on labor supply at the intensive margin for this group. Adverse impacts were particularly pronounced for those with lower educational attainment. In contrast, we found no significant labor market effects of an increase in the minimum wage for individuals with physical disabilities or in the non-disabled population." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2025): Disability onset and labor market outcomes. In: Socio-economic review, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf021

Abstract

"This article analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: the number of nonemployment days of the newly disabled increases by 36 days per year after one year and by 55 days after five years compared to the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older, and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))

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Dirr, Thomas & Marco Schrage (2025): Das Budget für Arbeit: Wie gelingt der Übergang von der Werkstatt in den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt? In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 46-56.

Abstract

"Der Fachdienst Access - Inklusion im Arbeitsleben gGmbH unterstützt seit mehr als 26 Jahren Menschen mit Behinderungen dabei, auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt der Metropolregion Nürnberg Fuß zu fassen - auch mithilfe des Budgets für Arbeit nach § 61 Neuntes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB IX). Die Autoren stellen ihre Erfahrungen mit dem Budget für Arbeit dar und zeigen, dass es auch in seiner jetzigen Ausgestaltung vielen Menschen mit Behinderungen den Sprung auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt ermöglichen kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Deutscher Verein für öffentliche und private Fürsorge e.V.)

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Enggruber, Ruth, Julia Seefeld & Silke Tophoven (2025): Partizipative Rehabilitationsforschung hoch im Kurs – nachdenkliche Einblicke in ein Projekt zu Sozialer Arbeit in der beruflichen Rehabilitation. In: Die Rehabilitation, Jg. 64, H. 04, S. 215-221. DOI:10.1055/a-2618-6200

Abstract

"Ziel der Studie: Auch in den Rehabilitationswissenschaften wird zunehmend für partizipative Forschung plädiert. So wird inzwischen empfohlen diesen Forschungsstil auch konsequent in Förderanträgen zur Rehabilitationsforschung zu berücksichtigen. Dabei werden die strukturell in partizipative Forschung eingelassenen Paradoxien und weitere Herausforderungen aber noch vernachlässigt. Ebenso fehlen systematische Evaluationen dazu, ob und in wie weit partizipative Forschung die erkenntnis- und demokratietheoretisch begründeten Erwartungen, die an diesen Forschungsstil geknüpft werden, einlöst. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Umsetzung eines partizipativen Forschungsstils in einem Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt sowie kritisch reflektiert und eingeordnet werden, welchen Beitrag partizipative Forschung zu aussagekräftigeren Erkenntnissen und zur Befähigung leisten kann. Methodik: Im Forschungsprojekt ANSAB wurde ein partizipativer Forschungsstils im Sinne einer beratenden Beteiligung umgesetzt und berufliche Rehabilitand*innen im Projektbeirat beteiligt. Einbezogen wurden diese auch bei der Gestaltung eines Interviewleitfadens und der Ergebnisinterpretation. Zusätzlich wurden mit sieben der mitwirkenden Rehabilitand*innen narrative Interviews geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Durch die so gewonnen Einblicke und das empirische Material konnten Ergebnisse zur Umsetzung partizipativer Rehabilitationsforschung erzielt werden. Ergebnisse: Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass sich die mitwirkenden beruflichen Rehabilitand*innen durch ihre Beiratstätigkeit befähigt fühlen und auch andere Menschen in einer ähnlichen Situation befähigen möchten. Weiterhin haben sie sich aktiv in den Forschungsprozess eingebracht und so zur anwendungsorientierten Erkenntnisgewinnung beigetragen. Schlussfolgerung: Einerseits ermutigen die Ergebnisse mit Blick auf die mit partizipativer Forschung verbundenen Erwartungen, andererseits verweisen diese jedoch auch auf die Herausforderungen und Limitationen dieses Forschungsstils. Auf Grundlage unserer Erkenntnisse und von Ergebnissen weiterer Forschungsprojekte, die einen partizipativen Forschungsstil verfolgen, sollten Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung nochmal überarbeitet werden und dabei auch die unterschiedlichen Anwendungsbereiche in den Rehabilitationswissenschaften Berücksichtigung finden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fischer, Anna-Maria, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2025): Aus Sicht der Betriebe: Was es braucht, damit Inklusion besser gelingt. In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 105, H. 8, S. 591-597., 2025-05-26. DOI:10.2478/wd-2025-0150

Abstract

"Inklusion von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung in den Arbeitsmarkt gewinnt angesichts des demografischen Wandels und eines sich verschärfenden Fachkräftemangels an Bedeutung. Auf Basis der IAB-Stellenerhebung werden Einschätzungen von Betrieben zur Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung sowie zu Inklusionshürden und möglichen Maßnahmen analysiert. Aus betrieblicher Perspektive liegt ein Hauptgrund für die geringe Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung in einem Mangel an geeigneten Tätigkeiten. Zudem erachten Betriebe finanzielle Unterstützungsmaßnahmen, die Bereitstellung der Erstausstattung und Eingliederungszuschüsse als hilfreiche Maßnahmen, um die Teilhabe von Menschen mit Schwerbehinderung am Arbeitsmarkt zu erhöhen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Gugushvili, Alexi, Jon Erik Finnvold, Therese Dokken & Jan Grue (2025): A Register-Based Study of Early-Life Disabilities and Income Attainment in Adulthood. In: Socius, Jg. 11. DOI:10.1177/23780231251335191

Abstract

"Individuals with disabilities are likely to be doubly disadvantaged, as they tend to earn less but require more financial resources than individuals without disabilities to maintain an average standard of life. Exploring the links between early-life disabilities and income attainment in adulthood requires high-quality data that allow accounting for selection into disability as well as a comprehensive list of predictors of income attainment. The authors harness the power of Norwegian register-based data and inverse-probability weighting regression adjustment estimators to examine whether individuals born with or who acquire disabilities in early life have lower income attainment at age 32 than individuals in the general population of the country. The results are robust to alternative estimation specifications and suggest that early-life chronic health conditions, such as asthma and diabetes, and impairments, such as sensory loss and physical impairment, are associated with significantly lower income attainment even when individuals’ actual working hours are accounted for among those employed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hartman, Ellie C., Emily A. Brinck, Catherine A. Anderson & Kenneth C. Hergenrather (2025): Education and Pre-Employment Transition Service Predictors of Wages for Transition Age Youth with Disabilities. In: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Jg. 63, H. 2, S. 147-159. DOI:10.1177/10522263251356241

Abstract

"Background: The Workforce Innovation and Opportunities Act (WIOA) aims to enhance employment outcomes and career advancement for teenagers and young adults with disabilities through pre-employment transition services. Objective: This study assessed the relationship between pre-employment transition services and employment outcomes, focusing on wages, credential attainment, and co-enrollment in partner employment programs. Method: Researchers analyzed federally required data submitted by states to the Rehabilitation Service Administration (RSA) to examine the impact of pre-employment transition services on wages, considering variations by demographics, lived experiences, and location. Results: Pre-employment transition services, credential attainment, and co-enrollment in partner employment programs were associated with increased wages. Wage outcomes varied based on demographics, lived experiences, and state-level differences in service delivery. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of pre-employment transition services, connecting youth to postsecondary credential attainment opportunities, and improving collaboration with partner employment programs. Researchers emphasize the use of data to inform service delivery for diverse youth with varying lived experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hiesinger, Karolin, Laura Pohlan & Franka Vetter (2025): The employment statistics of severely disabled people: description and research potential. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 59, H. 1, 2025-02-20. DOI:10.1186/s12651-025-00395-0

Abstract

"This article presents a description of the employment statistics of severely disabled people (BsbM) a unique administrative firm database of the German Federal Employment Agency. The data is collected as part of the process of administrating firm compliance with the disabled worker quota. This article examines the development of firms’ compliance with the disability quota over time and identifies factors associated with a higher likelihood of compliance. It also highlights the research opportunities offered by the dataset and its potential for further refinement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Houston, Lawrence & Douglas Kruse (2025): Enabling Employment: How Do Employer Disability Practices Affect Disability Employment Outcomes? In: AEA papers and proceedings, Jg. 115, S. 536-542. DOI:10.1257/pandp.20251078

Abstract

"We use panel data from 235 firms from 2019-2023 to examine how disability-related practices affect disability employment outcomes, using a detailed annual survey of large US companies in the National Organization on Disability, which collectively employ 8.5 million workers. The practices include recruitment and inclusion strategies, disability promotion initiatives, accommodation and accessibility policies, support for disability groups and mentoring, and training for management and HR staff. We find that several practice categories favorably predict disability hiring, promotions, and exits, supporting the idea that employer policies and practices can make a substantial difference in employment opportunities for people with disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jäger, Julian, Elisabeth Sattler-Bublitz & Miriam Beblo (2025): Disabling misperceptions? How employees (D)evaluate the labor force participation of people with disabilities. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 59. DOI:10.1186/s12651-025-00400-6

Abstract

"We analyze how employees perceive and evaluate the integration of people with disabilities into the German labor market. In an experimental complement to the Employment Survey by the German Federal Institutes for Vocational Training and Occupational Safety and Health, we ask respondents to estimate the labor force participation rates of persons with and without disabilities. We then inform a subsample about the actual gap between the rates. Regardless of having a disability, respondents are aware of a participation gap, share similar beliefs about its causes, and rate integration as less advanced when they are informed about a larger gap than expected. The largest differences exist in perceptions of the size of the gap and policy preferences: Respondents with disabilities perceive a smaller gap and are more in favor of integrative policies than those without disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kahle, Ute & Johannes Schädler (Hrsg.) (2025): Digitale Teilhabe und personenzentrierte Technologien im Kontext von Menschen mit Behinderungen. Marburg, 234 S.

Abstract

"Die Nutzung digitaler Technologien hat in der Mainstream-Gesellschaft nahezu alle Lebensbereiche durchdrungen und ist zu einem vertrauten Bestandteil des Alltags geworden. Digitale Technologien unterstützen Kommunikation, Informationsbeschaffung und die Lösung alltäglicher Probleme. Die digitale Transformation, die sich durch die Covid-19-Pandemie beschleunigt hat, brachte für viele, jedoch nicht für alle Menschen gleichwertige Fortschritte. Vor allem Menschen mit Sinnesbeeinträchtigungen konnten durch die Möglichkeiten des Internets ihre Lebensqualität erheblich steigern. Auf der anderen Seite haben Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen oft nach wie vor eingeschränkten oder keinen Zugang zu digitalen Medien oder anderen Formen digitaler Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT). Personen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen, psychischen Problemen oder langfristigem Pflegebedarf leben häufig in sozialer Abhängigkeit, was den Zugang zu digitalen IKT noch wichtiger machen kann. In diesen Fällen bietet die Digitalisierung das Potenzial, den Betroffenen eine größere gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu ermöglichen. Die schnelle Entwicklung unterstützender Technologien und der breiten Palette computergestützter Systeme, die bei täglichen Aktivitäten helfen können, ist beeindruckend. Diese Technologien, obwohl sie nicht in der Lage sind, alle Probleme von Menschen mit Behinderungen zu lösen, können oft auf erstaunliche Weise alltägliche Abhängigkeiten verringern und die Lebensqualität erheblich verbessern. Der Sammelband betont die Notwendigkeit, die digitale Kluft zu schließen und Konzepte für eine gleichberechtigte digitale Teilhabe für alle zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Menschen mit Behinderungen oder Pflegebedarf werden oft vorschnell insgesamt als "technikfern" wahrgenommen. Solche pauschalen Annahmen können dazu führen, dass geeignete Vermittlungskonzepte für digitale Anfänger*innen sowie inklusive Designs für Geräte und Software erst gar nicht entwickelt und angeboten werden. Um auch diesen Menschen den Zugang zu digitalen Technologien zu erleichtern, braucht es neues Wissen, neue Handlungskonzepte und die intensive Zusammenarbeit zwischen sozialen, pädagogischen und technischen Bereichen. Im beruflichen Umfeld von Fachkräften, die mit Menschen mit Behinderungen arbeiten, werden digitale Kompetenzen und Assistenztechnologien zunehmend fester Bestandteil der Qualifikationsanforderungen. Der Sammelband bietet wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen und Praxisberichte über den Einsatz digitaler Unterstützungstechnologien in verschiedenen Lebensphasen von Menschen mit Behinderungen. Diese können sowohl in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Fachkräften als auch bei Qualifizierungsangeboten für Menschen mit Behinderungen und deren Angehörige genutzt werden. Um Menschen mit Behinderungen die Inklusion in die digitale Welt zu erleichtern, braucht es eine geeignete Förderung der digitalen Kompetenzen und die Entwicklung benutzerfreundlicher Technologien, die auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse einzelner Menschen zugeschnitten sind. Inklusion bedeutet hier, nicht nur den Zugang zu digitalen Technologien zu ermöglichen, sondern auch sicherzustellen, dass diese Technologien für alle nutzbar und verständlich sind. Insgesamt zeigt der Sammelband auf, dass digitale Technologien ein großes Potenzial für die Inklusion von Menschen mit Behinderungen bieten. Sie können Barrieren abbauen und die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe verbessern, wenn sie richtig eingesetzt werden. Dazu bedarf es jedoch einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit den spezifischen Bedürfnissen und dem technischen Kenntnisstand einzelner Personen sowie der Entwicklung entsprechender Konzepte und Technologien für einen solchen personenzentrierten Ansatz. Der Sammelband liefert dazu wertvolle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und Praxisbeispiele." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Lauber, Dominique M. (2025): Case Management für Langzeitarbeitslose mit komplexen Problemlagen. Einblicke in ein Modellprojekt für Bürgergeldbeziehende mit Suchtverhalten. In: Sozialmagazin H. 7/8, S. 84-90. DOI:10.3262/SM2508084

Abstract

"Bürgergeldbeziehende mit Suchtverhalten sind zum Teil mit komplexen Problemlagen konfrontiert, die auf ein spezialisiertes, aber zergliedertes Hilfesystem treffen. Hier sind rechtskreisübergreifende Hilfen notwendig, die zum Beispiel durch Case Management realisiert werden können. Der Beitrag zeigt den Blick von Fachkräften verschiedener Träger Sozialer Arbeit auf die Fallarbeit mit Case Management in einem Modellprojekt im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms »Innovative Wege zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben – rehapro«." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lee, Kyung-woo (2025): Optimal Income Tax and Disability Benefits for Households with Disability. In: Global economic review, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 49-78. DOI:10.1080/1226508x.2025.2487969

Abstract

"This study analyzes the optimal income tax and disability benefits for households with disabled agents. In the model, both able and disabled members of households can supply labour and pay income tax. However, they may receive disability benefits if disabled members do not work. Moreover, this model explicitly considers households' activities to help disabled members to work, which is novel in the literature. I show that optimal disability benefits are positive because only severely disabled agents give up labour supply and receive disability benefits. However, optimal disability benefits decline with household income as disabled agents in poorer households need greater government support. As for the optimal net tax burden (i.e. income tax net of disability benefits), heavier tax burden falls on households that have disabled agents work because they are richer. However, marginal net tax rates are higher for households that receive disability benefits to incentivize disabled agents to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Liegert, A. P., F. S. Hussenoeder, M. Koschig, M. Alberti, L. Bieler, C. Rohde, K. Stengler, S. G. Riedel-Heller & I. Conrad (2025): Health-related quality of life of unemployed individuals diagnosed with a mental illness: a cross-sectional study. In: Quality of life research. DOI:10.1007/s11136-025-04051-5

Abstract

"1. Why is this study needed? Job loss is often a harmful experience, even more so for people who already have a mental illness. We wanted to learn more about the factors that hurt or help health-related quality of life so that future support programs could be better implemented. 2. What is the key problem/issue/question this manuscript addresses? How are age, education, mental-health symptoms, and perceived work ability linked to physical and mental well-being in unemployed people with mental illnesses? 3. What is the main point of your study? We want to investigate what factors most affect the well-being of our study participants so that we can help to improve the care and support of unemployed people struggling with mental illness. 4. What are your main results and what do they mean? Overall, people in our study felt much less healthy than the general population. Specifically, depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and low work ability were strongly tied to poorer quality of life. Older people and those with more bodily complaints felt worse physically, but not necessarily mentally. Women, people who felt more able to work, and some with anxiety felt better physically. People with more education, depression, or anxiety felt worse mentally. Feeling able to work helped both physical and mental well-being. This suggests that helping people feel ready to work and supporting their health can improve how they feel and help them get back to work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lopez-Gavira, Rosario, Inmaculada Orozco & Aurora Virginia Perez-Lopez (2025): Internal and external factors in the success of graduates with disabilities in higher education and employment: an international comparative study in Germany and Spain. In: Higher education, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1007/s10734-025-01446-8

Abstract

"Initiatives in legislation and improved resources dedicated to inclusive education have contributed to an increase in the number of people with disabilities with higher education and access to a profession in the primary market. However, people with disabilities often face a lot of difficulties and injustices before they can finish their university career and obtain a job according to their education, abilities, and wishes. This article presents an empirical, international, comparative study that analysed, from the perspective of 56 German and Spanish graduates with disabilities belonging to 34 universities, which key factors promoted the successful completion of their studies and which factors facilitated their inclusion in the labor market. The research was qualitative through individual interviews with graduates with disabilities. The results revealed many common aspects in the internal (self-knowledge, self-determination, autonomy, self-efficacy, and resilience) and external factors (family, classmates, friends, disability services, and faculty members) that explain the academic success and labor market transition (work experience, accommodations, and awareness) of graduates with disabilities of both countries. However, these factors also revealed some differences between the two countries that serve as an impulse to mobilize cultural, political, and practical change in higher education institutions, employers, and society in general." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mahasneh, Rola, Melanie Randle, Rob Gordon, Jennifer Algie & Alanna Connolly (2025): Predictors of Employers’ Intention to Hire People With Disability. In: Social marketing quarterly, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 278-295. DOI:10.1177/15245004251354829

Abstract

"Background: Rates of employment for people with disability are about half that of people without disability and have changed little in recent decades. One reason for these low workforce participation rates is the negative attitudes held by employers about hiring people with disability. Approaching this problem from a social marketing perspective has the potential to improve employer willingness to hire people with disability. However, there is presently scant information about factors associated with employer hiring decisions to inform the development of social marketing strategies. The present study examines employer beliefs about hiring people with disability such that social marketing campaigns can be created that effectively address the key barriers to hiring. Focus of the Article: The identification of employer beliefs that predict intention to hire someone with disability. Research Question: What beliefs held by employers predict their intention to hire people with disability? Program Design/Approach: This research provides insights that can inform the development of social marketing campaigns that are effective in improving employer attitudes towards hiring people with disability. Ultimately, this is likely to lead to changes in employer hiring behavior and increase workforce participation rates for people with disability. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This research is important because by understanding what employers believe about hiring people with disability, we can develop social marketing strategies that are effective in overcoming barriers to hiring and improving employer willingness to hire people with disability. Methods: We conducted an online survey with a sample of 1419 Australian employers. The survey questions were based on the framework of the theory of planned behavior. Linear regression was used to analyse the data. Employer attitudes (derived from behavioral beliefs), subjective norms (derived from normative beliefs) and perceived behavioural control were used as independent variables and intention to hire someone with disability was used as the dependent variable. Results: The theoretical constructs of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were significant predictors of intention to hire. In particular, employers with the highest intention to hire believed that hiring someone with disability would increase productivity, increase the organisation’s skill base, improve workplaceculture, and provide greater opportunities for training and mentoring. They also believed that other employees and customers would support their decision to hire someone with disability. Recommendations for Research and Practice: The present research identifies the specific beliefs held by employers that predict their intention to hire someone with disability. This work could be extended by using market segmentation techniques to identify whether heterogeneity exists among employers. If it does exist, this information could inform the development of customised social marketing strategies that target the specific beliefs held by each segment, and that address the barriers preventing them from hiring people with disability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Matthes, Britta (2025): Inklusion - KI und die Arbeitswelt der Zukunft. In: Die Berufliche Rehabilitation, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 6-15., 2025-04-04.

Abstract

"Es ist absehbar, dass die rasanten technologischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre, insbesondere die enorme Steigerung der Rechenleistung und die Entwicklung selbstlernender algorithmischer Systeme, die heute allgemein als Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) bezeichnet werden, ihre Spuren auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hinterlassen werden. Welche das genau sein werden, können wir leider aber auch nicht sagen. Denn gerade in solch disruptiven Zeiten, wie wir sie derzeit erleben, wissen wir nicht, wie schnell und in welche Richtung sich bestehende Berufe verändern, welche Berufe verschwinden und welche neu entstehen werden. Zwar können Prognosen etwas darüber sagen, wie sich die Zahl der Berufseinsteiger*innen auf die verschiedenen Berufe und Qualifikationsniveaus verteilen würde, wenn sich die Entwicklung wie in der Vergangenheit fortsetzt. Allerdings scheinen die Potenziale, die sich aus dem Einsatz von KI ergeben, bekannte Zusammenhänge in Frage zu stellen. Hinzu kommt, dass diese Prognosemodelle sehr komplex sind, um daraus sinnvolle Schlussfolgerungen für den Einzelnen zu ziehen. So lässt sich die Frage, inwiefern KI und andere digtale Technolgien auch die Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für Menschen mit Behinderungen erweitern könnten, damit kaum beantworten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Mudde, Laura, R. Colin Reid & Rachelle Hole (2025): Vocational training for youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a program evaluation of the Impact Project. In: Disability and Rehabilitation, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1080/09638288.2025.2534099

Abstract

"Previous research in social inclusion investigating low employment rates among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) points to shortcomings in vocational training for transitioning youth, exiting school environments. This study presents a program evaluation of the Impact Project, a community-based and person-centered vocational training program for youth with IDD, aged 15-19 years, in British Columbia (BC), Canada to assess whether early vocational training improved employment experiences for youth with IDD. The study sample included 279 youth with IDD, who were part of summer programs in 2020, 2021, and 2022 at eight established community-based organizations in BC. Employment specialists at these organizations provided vocational activities and training, collecting the youth's employment experiences in pre- and post-program surveys and activity diaries. This evaluation of the Impact Project employed a formative evaluation design to answer whether the youth-centered vocational training improved employment experiences. Participating in the Impact Project led to an increase in soft skills and unpaid and paid employment experiences for youth with IDD, aged 15-19 years. Community-based policies could benefit from person-centered approaches when providing employment-related planning for youth with IDD in preparation for transitions from school into employment environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Nebe, Katja (2025): Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben: Rechtsgrundlagen, Zuständigkeiten und Anspruchsvoraussetzungen. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 4-23.

Abstract

"Die Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen am Arbeitsleben ist in einer Vielzahl von Rechtsgrundlagen geregelt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die grundlegenden Begriffe, die verschiedenen Leistungen und Anspruchsvoraussetzungen sowie über die jeweils zuständigen Leistungsträger." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Deutscher Verein für öffentliche und private Fürsorge e.V.)

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Oehme, Andreas (2025): Auf dem Weg zu inklusiven Arbeitsmärkten. Integrierte Hilfen für teilhabeorientierte Übergangs- und Beschäftigungsstrukturen. (Übergangs- und Bewältigungsforschung), Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, 270 S. DOI:10.3262/978-3-7799-8746-8

Abstract

"Bis heute bleibt die Unterstützung von Übergängen in Arbeit zweigeteilt: Beschäftigungshilfen für sozial benachteiligte junge Menschen stehen neben einem System für Menschen mit Behinderungen. Beide gelten gegenüber einem als normal angesehenen Ausbildungssystem und einem »ersten« Arbeitsmarkt als Sondersysteme. Mit einem detaillierten Blick auf das Feld entwickelt der Band ein Modell für Übergangs- und Beschäftigungsstrukturen, die der Forderung nach Inklusion gerecht werden. Er geht der Frage nach, wie Hilfen in die Regelsysteme integriert und wie inklusive Arbeitsmärkte – unter anderem mit Ansätzen einer gemeinwesenorientierten Ökonomie – im lokalen Raum entwickelt werden können." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Omri, Anis, Sana Slimani & Hatem Afi (2025): The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Solutions in Transforming Educational and Employment Access for Individuals With Disabilities. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 4, S. 873-897. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13225

Abstract

"While education is essential for employability, people with disabilities often face barriers such as inadequate accommodations and limited access to adaptive technologies, hindering their equitable labor market participation. This research addresses these challenges by analyzing the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization in the relationship between educational attainment and employability among people with disabilities in 33 high-income countries from 2010 to 2022. Using a moderated moderation model, the study evaluates how AI and digitalization jointly influence the relationship between education levels and employment outcomes. The analysis employs the Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapped confidence intervals to ensure robustness and accuracy in estimating interaction effects. The findings demonstrate that education significantly enhances employment prospects for individuals with disabilities, with stronger effects observed at intermediate and advanced education levels. AI serves as a critical moderator, amplifying the positive impact of education by creating adaptive learning environments and fostering essential technical and transversal skills. Digitalization complements this role by providing the infrastructure necessary to integrate AI into education systems, broadening access to resources, and enabling flexible learning opportunities. The study further identifies a moderated moderation effect, where the combined influence of AI and digitalization significantly strengthens the effect of education on employability for disabled people. These results highlight the transformative potential of AI and digitalization in improving education quality and fostering labor market inclusion for persons with disabilities in an increasingly digitalized world." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Orfei, Maria Donata, Desirée Estela Porcari, Gabriella Daneluzzi, Francesca Maggi, Emiliano Ricciardi & Davide Bottari (2025): Unexplored strains and job satisfaction for individuals with visual and auditory impairments: an Italian study. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25, H. 1. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23696-y

Abstract

"The evidence on job conditions for disabled individuals in the workplace hampers understanding of their needs and the implementation of effective interventions to support their adjustment and integration. The current study contributed to this aim by examining previously unexplored aspects of the adjustment of people with sensory disabilities (PwSD) in bank work settings in Italy. In particular, it investigated for the first time three specific job strains: technostress (TS), cognitive overload (COL), and aging (AG) in PwSD as compared with typical development (PwTD), along with job satisfaction and accessibility. A multidimensional web survey was administered across the Italian national territory to a sample of PwSD (n = 202) and a sample of PwTD (n = 2283). Descriptive statistics were used to highlight perceived satisfaction with accessibility and accommodations in the workplace. A series of linear regression models aimed to measure the association between participants’ age and final scores of the TS, COL, and AG questionnaires. A series of non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-tests) were performed to compare the final COL, TS, and AG scores of PwSD and PwTD. At a descriptive level, results highlighted that PwSD’s job satisfaction was fairly positive. However, various concerns were brought to light, revealing notable differences between the hearing-impaired and visually impaired cohorts. Moreover, while PwSD displayed reduced scores in the TS questionnaire compared to PwTD, the opposite occurred for the AG questionnaire. Increasing age was related to TS and AG in the PwTD, but only to AG in PwSD. Our study investigated for the first time specific job strains in PwSD, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of adjustment to work in a bank worker population. Older adults tend to show higher levels of technostress and a reduced sense of self-efficacy, and these subjective experiences bring together PwTD and PwSD. Moreover, inclusivity and job satisfaction for PwSD, although moderately satisfying, still show several criticisms. Our data can stimulate future research aimed at deepening the work adjustment in PwSD." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Prudon, Roger (2025): Is Delayed Mental Health Treatment Detrimental to Employment? In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, S. 1-46. DOI:10.1162/rest.a.257

Abstract

"Waiting times for mental health treatment have been increasing in many countries. Using administrative data on all inhabitants of the Netherlands and exploiting exogenous variation at the municipality level, I find that these waiting times have substantial repercussions on labor market outcomes for at least eight years after the start of treatment. A one-month (0.5 SD) increase in waiting time decreases the probability of employment by two percentage points. Vulnerable groups with lower educational attainment or a migration background are especially affected given that the impact of waiting time is larger for them and their average waiting time is longer." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))

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Rauch, Angela & Nancy Reims (2025): Welche Unterstützung benötigen Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen für ihre berufliche Rehabilitation? In: IAB-Forum H. 20.02.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250220.01

Abstract

"Psychische Erkrankungen erhöhen das Risiko, arbeitslos und frühverrentet zu werden. Daher ist es wichtig, Betroffene bei der beruflichen (Wieder-)Eingliederung zu unterstützen. Eine qualitative Studie zeigt: Für einen erfolgreichen Verlauf der Rehabilitation und einen nachhaltigen Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt ist ein gutes Zusammenspiel der zuständigen Akteure, eine kontinuierliche Betreuung beim Beschäftigungsübergang und ausreichend Zeit und Flexibilität während der Rehabilitation erforderlich." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Rauch, Angela & Nancy Reims (2025): Berufliche Rehabilitation für Menschen mit Behinderungen: Integration gelingt, die Zahl der Geförderten sinkt. (IAB-Kurzbericht 21/2025), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2521

Abstract

"Die Autorinnen zeigen anhand administrativer Daten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, wie sich die berufliche Rehabilitation im Rahmen der Wiedereingliederung bei der Bundesagentur für Arbeit als eine der großen Trägerinnen beruflicher Rehabilitation in den letzten Jahren entwickelt hat, wer die Menschen sind, die daran teilnehmen, welche Maßnahmen sie nutzen und wie ihre Erwerbswege verlaufen. Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Erwachsenen mit Behinderungen nach einer beruflichen Rehabilitation hat sich in den letzten Jahren verbessert. Gleichzeitig nehmen immer weniger Menschen eine berufliche Rehabilitation auf. Auch die Zusammensetzung der Personengruppe, die gefördert wird, hat sich verändert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Reims, Nancy & Sabrina Inez Weller (2025): Übergänge von jungen Menschen mit Behinderungen an der ersten Schwelle. Potentiale und Herausforderungen der BA-BIBB-IAB Bewerberbefragung 2024. In: Gemeinsam leben H. 4, S. 198-205., 2025-06-26.

Abstract

"Die Datenlage zu jungen Menschen mit Behinderungen am Übergang von der Schule in den Beruf weist nach wie vor gravierende Lücken auf. In diesem Beitrag werden einschlägige Datensätze im Hinblick auf Eignung zur Erforschung von Übergangsprozessen von jungen Menschen mit Behinderungen an der ersten Schwelle vorgestellt. Die BA (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) -BIBB (Bundesinstitut für berufliche Bildung) -IAB (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung) -Bewerberbefragung 2024 stellt hierfür eine potenziell geeignete Datenquelle dar, weist jedoch Defizite bei der Erhebung und Identifikation der Zielgruppe auf. Der Beitrag greift diese Schwachstellen auf und unterbreitet Vorschläge zur besseren Erfassung von jungen Menschen mit Behinderungen in kommenden Erhebungen der Bewerberbefragung." ((Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Rink, Konstantin (2025): Digitale Werkstätten. Technografische Perspektiven auf die Verwicklung von Cyberinfrastruktur und Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen. (Perspektiven Sozialwirtschaft und Sozialmanagement), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 466 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-47994-7

Abstract

"Digitale Bildungsangebote können für Menschen mit Behinderungen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen, um grundlegende berufliche Kompetenzen zu erwerben. Das Modellprojekt "diBa" hat sich intensiv mit dieser Thematik befasst. Es konzentrierte sich auf die Entwicklung und Implementierung digitaler Bildungsangebote, die speziell auf die Bedürfnisse von Menschen mit Behinderungen zugeschnitten sind." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen, Lisa Schur, Flora M. Hammond, Renee Edwards, Jennifer Cohen & Douglas Kruse (2025): Disability, Job Satisfaction, and Workplace Accommodations: Evidence from the Healthcare Industry. In: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. DOI:10.1007/s10926-025-10316-0

Abstract

"Purpose: This paper examines the extent to which job satisfaction, requests for accommodations, and the likelihood of a request being granted vary by disability status. We further analyze whether being granted workplace accommodations moderates the relationship between work satisfaction and disability. Methods: We use a novel survey of healthcare workers centered on disability status, perceptions of work experiences, and the provision of accommodations. The data are used in a descriptive analysis and multiple regressions to examine the moderating effect of accommodations on the relationship between disability and indicators related to job satisfaction. Results: Results show that people with disabilities have more negative perceptions of their work experiences than people without disabilities. Although people with disabilities are more likely to request accommodations than people without disabilities, they are equally likely to have their requests wholly or partly granted. Regression results indicate that the negative relationships between disability status and most measures of work experience are largely eliminated when accounting for the disposition of accommodation requests. The main exception is turnover intentions, in which the adverse relationship with having a disability does not change even when an accommodation is granted. Partly granting accommodations is helpful only for some metrics of job experience. Conclusion: Our paper shows that fully granting accommodations can go a long way to closing the disability gap in job satisfaction between people with and without disabilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Discrimination remains a persistent challenge in the European Union, despite efforts to enhance anti‑discrimination laws and inclusion policies. In the absence of comparable official data sources, this report draws on survey data and the OECD Anti‑Discrimination Questionnaire to analyze discrimination against people from racialized communities, LGBTI people, persons with disability and religious minorities in OECD EU countries. Self‑reported discrimination rates are rising in many OECD EU countries and discrimination, particularly when it occurs frequently, is associated with severe effects on people’s lives – constraining income‑earning opportunities, exacerbating housing and financial stress, increasing concerns about exposure to violence, and contributing to loneliness and mental ill-health. These consequences come at a considerable personal cost to the individuals directly affected and to society as a whole. While OECD EU countries have made progress in prohibiting discrimination and promoting inclusion, legal and policy gaps persist for some at‑risk groups, such as LGBTI people and religious minorities. Strengthening anti‑discrimination protections, harmonizing EU legislation across all protected grounds, and improving data collection could help foster greater inclusion and equality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schütz, Holger, Nils Thiele, Julia Harand, Martin Kleudgen, Laura Prehn, Vanita Matta & Dietrich Engels (2025): Untersuchung der Ausführung sowie der absehbaren Wirkungen der neuen Regelungen der Eingliederungshilfe nach Art. 25 Abs. 2 BTHG (Wirkungsprognose). Abschlussbericht 2024. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 657), Berlin, 313 S.

Abstract

"Das Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG) hat die Lebenssituation von Menschen mit Behinderungen an vielen Stellen deutlich verbessert. Dies zeigt der Abschlussbericht der gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Wirkungsprognose des BTHG. Die Studie untersucht die bisherige Praxis und Wirkung der ersten drei Reformstufen des Bundesteilhabegesetzes (BTHG). Methodisch umfasst die Studie zwei Bestandteile: (1) eine Implementationsanalyse, welche die Auswirkungen auf die Verwaltung und die Praxis der Leistungserbringung beleuchtet und (2) eine prozessbegleitende Befragung von Leistungsbeziehenden der Eingliederungshilfe, zur Analyse der Auswirkungen des BTHG auf die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe dieser Menschen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Seefeld, Julia (2025): Soziale Arbeit in der beruflichen Rehabilitation. Herausforderungen und Aufgaben bei der Gestaltung von Übergängen. In: Sozialmagazin H. 7/8, S. 76-82. DOI:10.3262/SM2508076

Abstract

"Berufliche Rehabilitand:innen sind in ihren Rehabilitationsprozessen auf dem Weg zurück in eine Erwerbstätigkeit mit verschiedenen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Diese werden insbesondere in den im Prozess entstehenden Übergängen deutlich. Die Soziale Arbeit bei den Leistungserbringern beruflicher Rehabilitation übernimmt hier verschiedene Aufgaben, die zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen und zu nahtloseren Übergängen für die Rehabilitand:innen beitragen können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Seichter, Hannah M. & Philipp J. Trögeler (2025): Mit Aufgeschlossenheit zum Erfolg: Warum Inklusion am Arbeitsplatz mehr als ein Gespräch wert ist. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,16), Köln, 3 S.

Abstract

"Ergebnisse der IW-Beschäftigtenbefragung 2024 zeigen: Viele Beschäftigte mit Behinderungen können ihre Behinderungen am Arbeitsplatz bezugsgruppenübergreifend kommunizieren. Mehr noch: Offen über eine Behinderung sprechen zu können, geht mit einer gesteigerten Arbeitszufriedenheit einher. Bei seelischen und geistigen Beeinträchtigungen ist die Aufgeschlossenheit allerdings geringer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Shang, Liang & Yanto Chandra (2025): Exploring Social Entrepreneurship Co-Production Processes in the Disability Sector: Individual and Collection Action Views. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 301-323. DOI:10.1017/S0047279423000077

Abstract

"From a humble experiment to tackle social problems, social enterprises (SEs) have transformed into key co-producers for a wide range of social services. However, despite an increasing interest in co-production, most SE studies in the field adopted a single-sided view of co-production, thereby limiting what co-production entails and how it works in SE. Drawing upon the New Public Governance (NPG) framework and an integrative view of co-production that embraces individual and collective action, we explored how the co-production process is enacted and designed from a service provider’s perspective and presented qualitative insights from eight SEs in providing work-integration services for people with disabilities. Our findings revealed strategic, operational and identity dimensions of co-production in SE. We also showed the different roles that SEs and their stakeholders play in co-production and how these affect the processes. We offer a new contribution to SE co-production literature by highlighting a multi-dimensional co-production process model of SEs in their quest to deliver social services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Sharma, Ramona H., Renée Asselin, Timothy Stainton & Rachelle Hole (2025): Ableism and Employment: A Scoping Review of the Literature. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 14, H. 2. DOI:10.3390/socsci14020067

Abstract

"Background: Ableism obstructs employment equity for disabled individuals. However, research lacks a comprehensive understanding of how ableism multidimensionally manifests across job types, disability types, stages of employment, and intersecting identities. Objectives: This scoping review examines how ableism affects disabled workers and jobseekers, as well as its impacts on employment outcomes, variations across disabilities and identities, and the best practices for addressing these. Eligibility Criteria: The included articles were 109 peer-reviewed empirical studies conducted in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, and Finland between 2018 and 2023. Sources of Evidence: Using terms related to disability, ableism, and employment, the databases searched included Sociology Collection, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Education Source, Academic Search Complete, and ERIC. Charting Methods: Data were extracted in tabular form and analyzed through thematic narrative synthesis to identify study characteristics, ableist barriers within employment, intersectional factors, and best practices. Results: Ableism negatively impacts employment outcomes through barriers within the work environment, challenges in disclosing disabilities, insufficient accommodations, and workplace discrimination. Intersectional factors intensify inequities, particularly for BIPOC, women, and those with invisible disabilities. Conclusions: Systemic, intersectional strategies are needed to address ableism, improve policies, and foster inclusive workplace practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Tarlo, Ruth, Rachel Fyson & Simon Roberts (2025): Social (in)justice on the margins of paid work: Misrecognition, maldistribution and the employment of people with learning difficulties. In: Critical Social Policy, S. 1-21. DOI:10.1177/02610183251352418

Abstract

"People with learning difficulties are being denied social justice in their everyday encounters with the labor market. Using concepts developed by Fraser, we argue that this denial of social justice arises from a combination of maldistribution of resources and misrecognition of people's equal humanity and their right to dignity and respect. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 16 people with mild learning difficulties on the margins of paid work, we show how maldistribution and misrecognition interact in complex ways to undermine the effectiveness of available support and to cause significant harm. We demonstrate how these effects are linked a wider failure of social justice, affecting disabled and non-disabled people. This wider failure is a consequence of government policy, the structure and regulation of the labor market and the design and delivery of social security." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ulstein, Julie (2025): The Impact of Employer Characteristics on Sustaining Employment for Workers with Reduced Capacity: Evidence from Norwegian Register Data. In: Social Policy and Society, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 232-247. DOI:10.1017/S1474746423000027

Abstract

"Both literature and public policy on work inclusion has shifted towards the demand-side, which recognises that employer engagement is crucial to increase labour market participation and sustained employment for vulnerable groups. Research shows, however, that the implemented demand-side policies have been less than effective. This opens a discussion about barriers to implementation in terms of relevant employer characteristics. By use of Norwegian register data, this article estimates the impact of employer size and extent of implemented disability policies on probability of sustaining employment for workers with reduced capacity, finding that employer size negatively impacts probability of sustaining employment. Extent of implemented disability policies positively impacts probability of sustaining employment, irrespective of employer size. I argue that systematically considering these characteristics can help identify how and where to improve the position of workers with reduced capacity and discuss the implications for public policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Walter, Valeska C., Ian Grondey & Ralph Conrads (2025): Unterstützung von Ausbildungsbetrieben und benachteiligten Jugendlichen durch die Assistierte Ausbildung. In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 54, H. 1, S. 13-17.

Abstract

"Eine steigende Zahl unbesetzter Ausbildungsplätze prägt den ohnehin angespannten Arbeitsmarkt. Um diesen Entwicklungen entgegenzuwirken, ergreifen Betriebe neue Wege, um Auszubildende zu gewinnen und zu halten. Zu den arbeitsmarktpolitischen Förderinstrumenten, die hier ansetzen, gehört insbesondere die Assistierte Ausbildung als Förderinstrument für benachteiligte Jugendliche. Die Unterstützungsleistungen richten sich nicht nur an Jugendliche, sondern auch an Betriebe. Im Beitrag wird untersucht, wie Betriebe von der zeitlichen und personellen Entlastung profitieren und inwiefern die Unterstützung zur Stabilisierung und Verbesserung des Ausbildungsverhältnisses beiträgt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Wengemuth, Eileen, Lara Kleist, Lukas Kühn & Kyung-Eun Anna Choi (2025): Challenges in the transition between medical and vocational rehabilitation: a qualitative focus group study with service providers in Germany. In: BMC health services research, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12913-024-12055-z

Abstract

"Rehabilitation aims to empower people to cope with their chronic conditions, to ensure societal and vocational participation and to prevent health-related early retirement. In Germany, medical and vocational rehabilitation are unconnected services. Expenditures on health-related early retirement in Germany rise while expenditures on vocational rehabilitation do not. Since the use of rehabilitation services often depends on the transition between services, the present study aims to shed light on barriers and facilitators for the transition between medical and vocational rehabilitation from the perspective of service providers working in different institutions. In this sub-study we made use of a qualitative approach and conducted semi-structured focus groups with service providers, namely employees of rehabilitation institutions which we analyzed using Qualitative Content analysis and an inductive-deductive Coding System. Twenty-four employees of rehabilitation institutions participated in five different focus groups. Especially the pension funds as institutions and medical rehabilitation clinics’ employees of different professions are considered to be relevant professional actors to ensure the continuity of care between medical and vocational rehabilitation. Facilitating and hindering factors include the labour market situation, the Covid-19-pandemic, feedback for employees, an interdisciplinary assessment, different time-related aspects as well as individual factors such as the rehabilitants’ diagnoses. The findings are largely in line with previous research and point to the difficulty and importance of continuity of care between different rehabilitation services as well as the varying agency and responsibility attributed to different actors. The rehabilitation employees’ view will later be integrated with the perspective of the rehabilitants." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))