Plattformarbeit
Mit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung haben sich auch neue Formen der plattformbezogenen Beschäftigung entwickelt. Auf digitalen Plattformen finden Anbietende von Produkten/Dienstleistungen und mögliche Kunden zueinander. Fahrdienste, Essenslieferungen oder Programmierarbeiten sind hierfür Beispiele. Unternehmen schätzen bei dieser Beschäftigungsform die größere Markttransparenz und sinkende Kosten, Beschäftigte vor allem das selbstbestimmte Arbeiten. Die politische Diskussion zu dem Thema ist vor allem durch die unklare soziale Absicherung der Beschäftigten geprägt.
Das Themendossier bildet den Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und der politischen Diskussion ab.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
Weitere Literatur zur Digitalisierung finden Sie in dem Themendossier Digitale Arbeitswelt - Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Başaran, Altan (2025): Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis. In: Sustainability, Jg. 17, H. 5. DOI:10.3390/su17051906
Abstract
"Digital nomadism is more than just a tourism idea. It represents a new working paradigm in which digital trends are transforming relationships between employers, work, and employees. Our study focuses on digital nomadism and the platforms that enable remote work relationships, which are the result of digitalization. The present study seeks to identify the current research trends and to rationalize future research opportunities in regards to digital nomads. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of available literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2006 and 2024 will be conducted. The study uses RStudio version 2024.12.0 Build 467 and Biblioshiny as tools to perform the bibliometric analysis of the extracted data. The research findings indicate that the publication of articles demonstrated an annual growth rate of 26.31% between 2006 and 2024. The average number of citations per document is 11.19. The UK, Portugal, Spain, and the USA are the most prominent contributors to digital nomad literature. Even though the conceptual discussions of this phenomenon are carried out in different disciplines, bibliometric analysis is used in our study to observe the areas in which the subject attracts attention in the academic literature and to predict the trends for the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries (2025)
Zitatform
Chueri, Juliana & Marius R. Busemeyer (2025): Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries. In: Competition and Change, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1177/10245294251318440
Abstract
"Platform work has introduced a new dimension of precarity in the labor market, as platform workers face high labor market risks and have limited access to social protection. The expansion of this employment status raises the question of whether platform workers have distinct social policy preferences from workers with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who are not employed in the platform economy. This paper empirically examines how and under what circumstances the social policy preferences of platform workers differ from those of other workers. We find that platform workers are more likely to demand more compensatory labor market policies than regular workers. Also, they are more likely to demand more social investment-type policies than regular and atypical workers who do not engage in the platform economy. We also find evidence for contextual effects: whereas welfare state generosity is associated with weaker demand from platform workers for compensatory labor market policies, it is associated with higher support for social investment. Our results suggest that the expansion of platform work will fuel demands for welfare expansion, specifically focusing on social investment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Lieferdienste in Deutschland: Solo-Selbstständigkeit hat zwischen 2018 und 2021 stark abgenommen (Serie "Beschäftigung in der Gig-Ökonomie") (2025)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin, Ines Helm, Julia Lang & Christoph Müller (2025): Lieferdienste in Deutschland: Solo-Selbstständigkeit hat zwischen 2018 und 2021 stark abgenommen (Serie "Beschäftigung in der Gig-Ökonomie"). In: IAB-Forum H. 04.06.2025, 2025-06-04. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20250604.01
Abstract
"Über Solo- und Scheinselbstständigkeit bei Online-Lieferdiensten wird in der Öffentlichkeit häufig mit Sorge um die soziale Absicherung der dort tätigen Plattformarbeiter*innen diskutiert. Während sich die Erwerbstätigkeit in der Lieferdienstbranche zwischen 2012 und 2021 verdoppelt hat, hat der Anteil der Solo-Selbstständigen deutlich abgenommen. Im Jahr 2021 waren mehr als 95 Prozent der Lieferdienstfahrer*innen abhängig beschäftigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms (2025)
Zitatform
Griesbach, Kathleen (2025): Space and Inequality in Precarious Work: Thinking With and Beyond Platforms. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 19, H. 3. DOI:10.1111/soc4.70026
Abstract
"Platform-based gig work illustrates a broader erosion of the spatial boundaries of work. While geographers have long theorized space as an integral part of capitalist work processes and social life, sociological research has often treated space as a backdrop for work processes rather than an active process shaping the social world, contemporary work, inequality, and resistance. However, important work in urban and rural sociology emphasizes the central role place plays in social life and inequality. This review synthesizes insights on space, place, and inequality and identifies key spatial continuities between platform labor and other forms of precarious work. I find common throughlines across disciplines: the intertwining of space, place, and social relations and the relevance of space and place for understanding inequality. Next, I relate spatial theories of capitalist development to contemporary precarious work. Finally, I suggest 3 promising avenues for incorporating space into research on contemporary work and inequality today: analyzing how existing inequalities intersect with the spatial features of new and enduring work structures; examining how contemporary work processes are reshaping rural and urban geographies; and identifying the spatial practices of contemporary organizing and resistance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Support and employment preferences in online platform work: A cluster analysis of German-speaking workers (2025)
Zitatform
Klaus, Dominik, Maddalena Lamura, Marcel Bilger & Barbara Haas (2025): Support and employment preferences in online platform work. A cluster analysis of German-speaking workers. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. e12659. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12659
Abstract
"Online platform work is an emerging field of non-standard employment. Up to now, there has been little knowledge of the perspective of online platform workers on social protection and regulation. We provide quantitative data (n = 1727) on their needs for support and on their employment status preferences. Given the heterogeneity of German-speaking online platform workers, we have conducted a cluster analysis to group workers according to task length, hourly wage, working hours and experience on online platforms. Most of the respondents are solo-self-employed and hybrid workers. They prefer support instruments that improve their skills and income over those that aim to strengthen their rights. The majority of platform workers are in favour of working outside of platforms. The study also shows that despite the low dependence on platform income, the actual poverty risk is relatively high." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inequality Regimes in Coworking Spaces: How New Forms of Organising (Re)produce Inequalities (2025)
Zitatform
Knappert, Lena, Boukje Cnossen & Renate Ortlieb (2025): Inequality Regimes in Coworking Spaces: How New Forms of Organising (Re)produce Inequalities. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 1, S. 43-63. DOI:10.1177/09500170241237188
Abstract
"Coworking is a rapidly growing worldwide phenomenon. While the coworking movement emphasizes equality and emancipation, there is little known about the extent to which coworking spaces as new forms of organizing live up to this ideal. This study examines inequality in coworking spaces in the Netherlands, employing Acker’s framework of inequality regimes. The findings highlight coworking-specific components of inequality regimes, in particular stereotyped assumptions regarding ‘ideal members’ that establish the bases of inequality, practices that produce inequality (e.g. through the commodification of community) and practices that perpetuate inequality (e.g. the denial of inequality). The study provides an update of Acker’s framework in the context of coworking and speaks, more broadly, to the growing body of literature on (in)equality in emerging organizational contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Good Jobs or Bad Jobs? Immigrant Workers in the Gig Economy (2025)
Zitatform
Liu, Cathy Yang & Rory Renzy (2025): Good Jobs or Bad Jobs? Immigrant Workers in the Gig Economy. In: International migration review, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1177/01979183241309585
Abstract
"New work arrangements enabled by online platforms, or gig work, saw substantive growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various estimates have suggested the wide participation of workers in the gig economy, with minority and immigrant workers well represented. The quality of work is a multi-dimensional concept that goes beyond earnings. One framework of good jobs and bad jobs centers on control over work schedule, content and duration, stability, safety, benefits and insurance, as well as career advancement opportunities. Using a newly released national survey focused on entrepreneurs and workers in the United States, we find that about 18.5 percent immigrant workers and 21.1 percent native-born workers participated in the gig economy as their primary or secondary job. In terms of job quality, immigrant gig workers work shorter hours and have significantly less fringe benefits than non-gig workers as well as U.S.-born gig workers, reflecting a double disadvantage. However, they tend to have higher entrepreneurial aspirations, suggesting the transient nature of gig arrangements and potential for career advancements. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and implication of immigrants’ engagement with the gig economy and offers policy and theoretical discussions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe: Evidence from Spain and Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Pesole, Annarosa (2025): Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe: Evidence from Spain and Germany. In: The Indian Journal of Labour Economics. DOI:10.1007/s41027-024-00544-y
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of digital tools and algorithmic management on work organisation and working conditions, with a focus on the growing platformisation of work. The research focuses on three main aspects: the use of digital devices and platforms, the collection and processing of data by these platforms, and the role of algorithms in managing labour activities. Drawing on data from the AMPWork survey conducted in Spain and Germany, the analysis explores the prevalence and effects of digital monitoring and algorithmic management within traditional and platform work settings. Findings highlight the significant diffusion of digital tools and reveal that over two-thirds of workers use such technologies in their tasks. However, the extent of platformisation varies by occupation, sector, and digital tool usage. The findings reveal that a significant number of workers now rely on digital devices in their daily tasks, with digital monitoring and algorithmic management prevalent across various work environments. The survey highlights higher levels of platformisation among clerks and operators in high-tech industries, knowledge-intensive services, and public administration. Additionally, remote workers or those operating outside traditional employer premises are more likely to experience platformisation. While the use of platforms can lead to more structured and efficient work procedures, it also introduces challenges, such as increased monotony and stress, suggesting a complex relationship between platformisation and job satisfaction. This study underscores the transformative impact of platformisation on the nature of work, calling attention to the need for further research and policy consideration. The findings emphasise the importance of addressing the implications of digital labour platforms and algorithmic management for job quality, economic value, and the evolving landscape of employment in the digital era. Indeed, the study confirms that the integration of algorithmic management and surveillance technologies in the workplace poses significant risks to workers’ privacy, datarights, freedom of association, and overall well-being. These practices can erode working conditions and harm mental and physical health. Addressing these issues requires strict regulation of intrusive surveillance and the development of a comprehensive policy framework for algorithmic management and digital monitoring." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unpacking the gig economy: key enablers and barriers for gig work – a systematic review and future research directions (2025)
Zitatform
Shaiwalini, Shipra & Subhendu Patnaik (2025): Unpacking the gig economy: key enablers and barriers for gig work – a systematic review and future research directions. In: Personnel Review, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1108/pr-09-2024-0829
Abstract
"Purpose: This study systematically reviews and synthesizes existing literature on gig work to identify its key enablers and barriers. With the rise of algorithmically managed digital platforms, gig work faces unique challenges. The review aims to offer insights and guide future research on this evolving labour market segment. Design/methodology/approach Using Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems framework, this study systematically reviews 83 research articles from leading journals over the past two decades. The framework helps organize and analyse the factors influencing gig work at various levels. Findings The review identifies upskilling opportunities and peer-to-peer networks facilitated by digital technologies as key enablers, while gaps in worker protections and regulatory oversight are significant barriers. Gaps in current research, particularly on the long-term impacts of gig work, are also highlighted. Practical implications The findings inform policymakers, platform managers and gig workers, providing strategies to address the evolving challenges of gig work. Policymakers can craft balanced regulations, while platforms can improve worker satisfaction and performance. Originality/value This study offers a novel contribution by applying Bronfenbrenner’s framework to synthesize gig work research. It provides a structured analysis of enablers and barriers and lays the foundation for future research in this field." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Who Benefits from Online Gig Economy Platforms? (2025)
Zitatform
Stanton, Christopher T. & Catherine Thomas (2025): Who Benefits from Online Gig Economy Platforms? In: The American economic review, Jg. 115, H. 6, S. 1857-1895. DOI:10.1257/aer.20221189
Abstract
"Online labor platforms for short-term remote work have many more job seekers than available jobs. Despite their relative abundance, workers capture a substantial share of the surplus from transactions. We draw this conclusion from demand estimates that imply workers’wages include significant markups over costs and a survey that validates our surplus estimates. Workers retain a significant share of the surplus because demand-side search frictions and worker differentiation reduce direct competition. Finally, we show that applying traditional employment regulations to online gig economy platforms would lower job posting and hiring rates, reducing aggregate surplus for all market participants, including workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms (2024)
Zitatform
Alacovska, Ana, Eliane Bucher & Christian Fieseler (2024): A Relational Work Perspective on the Gig Economy: Doing Creative Work on Digital Labour Platforms. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 1, S. 161-179. DOI:10.1177/09500170221103146
Abstract
"Based on interviews with 49 visual artists, graphic designers and illustrators working on two leading global digital labour platforms, this article examines how creative workers perform relational work as a means of attenuating labour commodification, precarity, and algorithmic normativity. The article argues that creative work on online labour platforms, rather than being entirely controlled by depersonalised, anonymised and algorithm-driven labour market forces, is also infused in relational infrastructures whose upkeep, solidity and durability depends on the emotional efforts undertaken by workers to match economic transactions and their media of exchange to meaningful client relations. By applying a relational work perspective from economic sociology to the study of platform-mediated gig work, the article elucidates the micro-foundations of creative work in the digital gig economy, including how labour inequalities are produced and reproduced within and around micro-level interpersonal interactions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour (2024)
Zitatform
Altenried, Moritz (2024): Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1113-1128. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211054846
Abstract
"The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America (2024)
Zitatform
Ametowobla, Dzifa & Stefan Kirchner (2024): Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America. In: Socio-economic review. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae079
Abstract
"This article challenges the idea of platform capitalism, that digital platforms implement a uniform model based on a self-employed labor force. Expanding on empirical evidence of a diversity of platform models, we theorize expectations about platform diversity from competition and comparative capitalism research. Using a unique cross-national dataset of leading food delivery platforms in 32 countries across North America and Europe, we compare platform models and competitive relations across national institutional regimes. Our analyses uncover a considerable diversity of platform models across Europe, in contrast to a clear uniformity in North America. We also find that the use of self-employment varies across and within large multinational corporations and is most prevalent in countries of the lightly regulated regime type. Our results call for an economic sociology perspective on the platform economy that integrates a general concept of platforms but allows for diversity stemming from competition and different national regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work (2024)
Aroles, Jeremy ; Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, Aurelie ; Granter, Edward ; Hassard, John ; Foster, William M.;Zitatform
Aroles, Jeremy, Aurelie Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, John Hassard, William M. Foster & Edward Granter (2024): Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work. In: Work, Employment and Society. DOI:10.1177/09500170241300948
Abstract
"This article outlines how notions of novelty define today’s work practices and debates what the discursive construction of work as ‘new’ means. On the one hand, we highlight a misplaced emphasis on change and novelty that can lead to unnecessary dichotomization in the characterization and discursive construction of work practices and organizational phenomena. On the other, we specify substantive continuities in a range of strategic, organizational and employment arrangements. As such, we contend that a critical evaluation of key characteristics of contemporary work reveals that they are often not unique. Instead, these characteristics reflect the extending, rebranding or reshaping of measures and processes fashioned in earlier forms of value production. Ultimately, we theorize how the promotion of the ‘new’ world of work reflects structures and practices somehow altered in appearance, yet still analogous in substance, to those found in the traditional employment and production fabric of organizations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Crowdwork: Kontext und Kompetenzentwicklung in den Ländern Italien, den Niederlanden, Schweden und dem Vereinigten Königreich (2024)
Azzellini, Dario;Zitatform
Azzellini, Dario (2024): Crowdwork: Kontext und Kompetenzentwicklung in den Ländern Italien, den Niederlanden, Schweden und dem Vereinigten Königreich. (Working papers des Forschungsclusters OPAL der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität 14), Hamburg, 112 S. DOI:10.24405/17002
Abstract
"Ein zentraler auf Deutschland bezogener Befund des bis Ende 2024 laufenden Verbundprojekts „Crowdwork und Crowdworker – Kompetenz-/Subjektivierungseffekte, individuelle Beruflichkeit und lernförderliche Plattformgestaltung (CKoBeLeP) ist, dass die Plattformen selbst kaum strukturierte Lernangebote für die Crowdworker machen, sondern darauf bauen, dass die Crowdworker:innen eigene für die Aufgabenerledigung erforderliche Kompetenzen in die Tätigkeit einbringen oder diese on the job entwickeln. Zugleich wird ersichtlich, dass für einen nicht kleinen Teil der untersuchten Crowdworker das Erlernen neuer Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen in der Tätigkeit gerade ein Motiv dafür bildet, auf Crowdwork-Plattformen aktiv zu sein. Die vorliegende Studie dient dazu, die eigenen, auf Deutschland und primär deutschsprachige Plattformen bezogenen Projektbefunde im internationalen Kontext einzuordnen und dadurch umfassender zu verorten. Die Länderauswahl wurde auf europäische Länder beschränkt, um den Kontrast der institutionellen und sozioökonomischen Kontextbedingungen begrenzt zu halten und zugleich eine kontrollierte Variation der als Kontextbedingungen relevanten Wohlfahrts- und Ausbildungsregime zu ermöglichen. Dementsprechend fokussiert die vorliegende Studie auf Crowdwork-Plattformen in den vier kontrastiv ausgewählten europäischen Ländern Italien, Niederlande, Schweden und Vereinigtes Königreich. Herausgearbeitet werden auf Grundlage des Forschungsstands die jeweiligen länderspezifischen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und Ausprägungen von Crowdwork sowie zentrale Befunde zu Kompetenzentwicklung der Crowdworker. Vertiefend werden in einem zweiten Untersuchungsschritt 34 exemplarisch ausgewählte Crowdworkplattformen, die in einem der vier Länder angesiedelt sind oder transnational operieren und in den Untersuchungsländern aktiv sind, in ihren Grundstrukturen dargestellt; acht davon werden im Hinblick auf das Kompetenzentwicklungsangebot ausführlich analysiert. Auf der Grundlage einer detaillierten Literatur- und Datenrecherche gibt die Studie etliche Anhaltspunkte nicht nur für die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen rechtlichen und materiellen Ressourcen von Crowdworkern und den organisationalen und infrastrukturellen Begrenzungen und Möglichkeiten von formalisierter Weiterbildung, Lernen im unmittelbaren Arbeitszusammenhang und individueller Kompetenzentwicklung, sondern sie wirft auch den Blick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Wohlfahrtsregimen, Crowdwork und individueller Arbeitsmarktintegration und auf Karrieremöglichkeiten via Weiterbildung in und durch Crowdwork. Die Studie bietet sowohl für das dtec-Projekt CKoBeLeP als auch für die Crowdworkforschung eine umfassende und orientierende Analysefolie." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States (2024)
Zitatform
Baber, Ashley (2024): Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 38, H. 3, S. 723-743. DOI:10.1177/09500170221150087
Abstract
"Gig work – accessing job opportunities through an app – has brought renewed attention to precarious non-standard labour arrangements. Scholars have begun to consider the intermediary role that platforms such as Uber, Lyft and Doordash play in exploiting and controlling workers. Yet, literature on labour market intermediaries has muddied conceptions of their role, impact and outcomes for workers by lumping a variety of institutions under the same umbrella term. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical works throughout the temporary help and gig industries, this article proposes a reconceptualisation of labour market intermediaries as labour market engineers highlighting four mutually reinforcing features. This sociological reconceptualisation updates the understanding of for-profit labour market intermediaries by demonstrating the market making behaviours of firms of on-demand labour in the US context. Likewise, this reconceptualisation notes how gig firms have adapted and expanded these features in ways that increase precarity for workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unemployment insurance for platform workers: Challenges and approaches from a comparative perspective (2024)
Zitatform
Barrio, Alberto (2024): Unemployment insurance for platform workers: Challenges and approaches from a comparative perspective. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 251-265. DOI:10.1177/13882627241267989
Abstract
"This contribution presents an overview of the challenges involved in ensuring that persons performing platform work (as either employees, self-employed, or in a third category) are able to effectively access unemployment insurance protection. It also addresses the specific approaches taken by European countries to tackle these challenges, relying especially on the contributions to this special issue on unemployment protection for the self-employed and platform workers. After presenting a brief definition of platform work, the contribution provides an overview of the main challenges linked to unemployment protection insurance posed by the features of platform work; we use primarily the Council Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed as an evaluative framework. These challenges relate to both formal exclusion (due to classification as self-employed or marginal work) and effective exclusion (due to difficulties meeting minimum work requirements and lack of transparency on algorithmic management and platform work). The contribution then analyses some of the main approaches taken by European countries to address such challenges. Actions targeting platform work comprise (a) employment status reclassification; (b) establishment of a presumption of an employment relationship; (c) the setting of requirements to inform on the use of algorithmic management; (d) facilitation of transparency on platform work information; and (e) exemption from formal social security coverage of some forms of (marginal) platform work. General approaches with consequences for the unemployment insurance protection of platform workers include the application of the same criteria for access to unemployment benefits across employment statuses, as well as greater leniency on these criteria for certain forms of non-standard work. The contribution ends with a conclusion, which highlights the main gaps in unemployment insurance protection for platform work, and discusses avenues for action regarding platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Investigating social protection amongst platform workers in Germany: forced individualisation, hybrid income generation and undesired regulation (2024)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian, Sabrina Glanz, Fabian Hoose & Serkan Topal (2024): Investigating social protection amongst platform workers in Germany: forced individualisation, hybrid income generation and undesired regulation. In: Journal of Social Policy, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1017/s0047279424000217
Abstract
"The social protection of platform workers is considered one of the most precarious features and political challenges of this new form of employment. Still, there have only been a few empirical investigations on this issue to date. This article presents an explorative empirical analysis of the social protection of platform workers in Germany – a conservative welfare regime with a strong link between standard employment and institutionalized social protection. On the basis of an online survey amongst 719 self-employed platform workers, we examine how different employment patterns correspond to institutionalized protection against sickness and old age. We empirically explore different protection types and analyse how they differ regarding working conditions in platform work and individual social policy preferences. Findings reveal that conditions of platform work and social protection as well as demands and regulatory preferences vary notably across different clusters of platform workers. Still, the vast majority votes against obligatory social insurances for platform workers and favors self-employment over dependent employment. Against this background, we discuss challenges for future attempts aiming at improving social protection for platform workers. This study adds to the literature by empirically exploring platform workers’ social protection and social policy preferences, which have been overlooked to date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Casualization of work, free riding and institutional distrust: Explaining social protection preferences of platform workers in Germany (2024)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian, Fabian Hoose, Lara Obereiner & Serkan Topal (2024): Casualization of work, free riding and institutional distrust: Explaining social protection preferences of platform workers in Germany. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 70, H. 3, S. 225-247. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2023-0024
Abstract
"The social protection of platform workers is widely recognized as a major political challenge but remains vastly understudied. The few existing investigations focus on social protection coverage and the employment status of platform workers, while their social protection preferences remain a black box to date. In this article, we investigate the social protection preferences of platform workers using a mixed methods design based on an online survey (n = 719) and qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 20) with self-employed platform workers in Germany. While the quantitative data indicate that the vast majority of respondents reject compulsory social insurance contributions for platform workers and favour self-employment over dependent employment, the qualitative interviews reveal three main types of explanations for this regulation aversion in different segments of platform work: The casualization of work in the platform economy, free riding on protection derived from ‘regular ’ employment and distrust in established welfare state institutions. Against this background, we discuss challenges for social policies aiming at improving social protection for platform workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation von Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt? (Podium) (2024)
Dauth, Wolfgang ; Solms, Anna; Grienberger, Katharina; Lehmer, Florian ; Moritz, Michael ; Müller, Steffen ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Plümpe, Verena; Falck, Oliver ; Bauer, Anja ; Sonnenburg, Anja; Janser, Markus ; Schneemann, Christian ; Diegmann, André ; Matthes, Britta ; Solms, Anna;Zitatform
Dauth, Wolfgang & Michael Moritz; Katharina Grienberger, Florian Lehmer, Steffen Müller, Bernd Fitzenberger, Verena Plümpe, Oliver Falck, Anja Bauer, Anja Sonnenburg, Markus Janser, Christian Schneemann, André Diegmann, Britta Matthes & Anna Solms (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2024): Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation von Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt? (Podium). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.05.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240506.01
Abstract
"Was bedeuten die absehbaren Transformationsprozesse der kommenden Jahrzehnte auf regionaler Ebene und wie können sie gemeistert werden? Antworten auf diese Fragen gab der IWH/IAB-Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik, der in diesem Jahr erstmals am IAB in Nürnberg stattfand." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Dauth, Wolfgang ; Grienberger, Katharina; Lehmer, Florian ; Moritz, Michael ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Janser, Markus ; Schneemann, Christian ; Diegmann, André ; Matthes, Britta ; -
Literaturhinweis
Robots, occupations, and worker age: A production-unit analysis of employment (2024)
Zitatform
Deng, Liuchun, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe & Jens Stegmaier (2024): Robots, occupations, and worker age: A production-unit analysis of employment. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 170, 2024-10-10. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104881
Abstract
"We analyze the impact of robot adoption on employment composition using novel micro data on robot use of German manufacturing plants linked with social security records and data on job tasks. Our task-based model predicts more favorable employment effects for the least routine-task intensive occupations and for young workers, the latter being better at adapting to change. An event-study analysis for robot adoption confirms both predictions. We do not find decreasing employment for any occupational or age group but churning among low-skilled workers rises sharply. We conclude that the displacement effect of robots is occupation-biased but age neutral whereas the reinstatement effect is age-biased and benefits young workers most." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige: Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven (2024)
Depperschmidt, Rina; Matton, Heleen; Probst, Pia; Pongratz, Hans;Zitatform
Depperschmidt, Rina, Heleen Matton, Hans Pongratz & Pia Probst (2024): Plattformnutzung durch Solo-Selbstständige. Explorative Befunde und forschungsstrategische Perspektiven. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 33, H. 1-2, S. 3-27. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2024-0002
Abstract
"Plattformarbeit ist für Solo-Selbstständige zu einem wichtigen Erwerbszugang geworden. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde noch wenig untersucht, obwohl der Forschungsstand für beide Erwerbsformen ähnliche Bedingungen ausweist. Mittels einer qualitativen Befragung haben wir die Plattformerfahrungen von 20 Solo-Selbstständigen aus drei Berufsfeldern in vergleichender Perspektive analysiert: Yoga-Lehrer*innen, Sprachlehrer*innen und Creator*innen von Inhalten für die sozialen Medien. Trotz verschiedener Formen der Nutzung von Plattformdiensten sind die Resultate ähnlich: Für kleinere Zusatzeinnahmen ist beträchtlicher Aufwand erforderlich, aber Tools und Informationsangebote der Plattformen machen Arbeitserleichterungen möglich. Die Solo-Selbstständigen erleben viele der aus der Plattformforschung bekannten Abhängigkeiten und verschärften Konkurrenzbedingungen auf Online-Märkten. Nur für wenige Creator*innen führt Plattformarbeit aus einer prekären Selbstständigkeit heraus. Der Beitrag plädiert dafür, die beiden Forschungsfelder stärker zu verbinden und mit institutionellen Absicherungen des solo-selbstständigen Erwerbs auch die Bedingungen von Plattformarbeit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Gig work as migrant work: The platformization of migration infrastructure (2024)
Zitatform
Doorn, Niels van & Darsana Vijay (2024): Gig work as migrant work: The platformization of migration infrastructure. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 1129-1149. DOI:10.1177/0308518X211065049
Abstract
"With markets concentrating predominantly in and around large cities, gig platforms across the globe seem to depend as much on the cheap labor of migrants and minorities as on investment capital and permissive governments. Accordingly, we argue that there is an urgent need to center migrant experiences and the role of migrant labor in gig economy research, in order to generate a better understanding of how gig work offers certain opportunities and challenges to migrants with a variety of backgrounds and skill levels. To fill this research gap, this article examines why migrant workers in Berlin, Amsterdam, and New York take up platform labor and how they incorporate it into their everyday lives and migration trajectories. Additionally, it considers the extent to which gig platforms are emerging as actors in the political economy of migration, as a result of how they absorb migrant labor and mediate migrant mobilities. We move beyond the existing parameters of gig economy research by engaging with two strands of literature on migration and migrant labor that, we feel, are particularly useful for framing our analysis: the autonomy of migration approach and the migration infrastructures perspective. Combining these conceptual lenses enables us not only to critically situate migrant gig workers’ experiences but also to identify a broader development: the platformization of low-wage labor markets that are an integral component of migration infrastructures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job Satisfaction and the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Autonomy (2024)
Zitatform
Fleischer, Julia & Camilla Wanckel (2024): Job Satisfaction and the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Autonomy. In: Review of Public Personnel Administration, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 431-452. DOI:10.1177/0734371X221148403
Abstract
"Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gig-Work bei Lieferdiensten in Deutschland: Beschäftigung hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen (2024)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin, Ines Helm, Ramona Jost, Julia Lang & Christoph Müller (2024): Gig-Work bei Lieferdiensten in Deutschland: Beschäftigung hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. In: IAB-Forum H. 03.04.2024, 2024-03-28. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240403.01
Abstract
"Die Fahrer*innen von App-basierten Lieferdiensten sind auch in Deutschland aus dem Stadtbild nicht mehr wegzudenken. Gleichzeitig wird in der Öffentlichkeit kontrovers über die Arbeitsbedingungen in der sogenannten Plattform-Ökonomie diskutiert. Das IAB untersucht nun erstmals das Wachstum und die Struktur dieser Beschäftigungsform sowie die individuellen Merkmale der abhängig Beschäftigten bei zehn großen App-basierten Lieferdiensten in Deutschland. Fast die Hälfte dieser Menschen ist geringfügig beschäftigt und ihr Einkommen ist geringer als in vergleichbaren Helferberufen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gig-work in the German delivery-services sector: Employment has increased significantly in recent years (2024)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin, Ramona Jost, Julia Lang & Christoph Müller (2024): Gig-work in the German delivery-services sector: Employment has increased significantly in recent years. In: IAB-Forum H. 08.07.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.202407.01
Abstract
"Die Fahrer*innen von App-basierten Lieferdiensten sind auch in Deutschland aus dem Stadtbild nicht mehr wegzudenken. Gleichzeitig wird in der Öffentlichkeit kontrovers über die Arbeitsbedingungen in der sogenannten Plattform-Ökonomie diskutiert. Das IAB untersucht nun erstmals das Wachstum und die Struktur dieser Beschäftigungsform sowie die individuellen Merkmale der abhängig Beschäftigten bei zehn großen App-basierten Lieferdiensten in Deutschland. Fast die Hälfte dieser Menschen ist geringfügig beschäftigt und ihr Einkommen ist geringer als in vergleichbaren Helferberufen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Balancing Act: the role of digital platforms in shaping the conditions of creative work (2024)
Gardiner, Drew;Zitatform
Gardiner, Drew (2024): Balancing Act: the role of digital platforms in shaping the conditions of creative work. (ILO working paper / International Labour Organization 123), Geneva, 49 S. DOI:10.54394/jduj2404
Abstract
"The platformization of the creative industry has fundamentally transformed the landscape of creative work. This working paper examines the impact of digital platforms on creative workers, focusing on the dichotomy between platform control and worker autonomy. It focuses on both conventional artistic occupations like musicians and photographers as well as “new” professions like bloggers and podcasters. Although social media and streaming platforms have democratized access to global audiences and fostered unprecedented creativity, they also pose significant challenges. The precarious nature of platform-based work, characterized by irregular income, lack of job security, and the concentration of power in a few dominant platforms, or gatekeepers, raises concerns about exploitative practices and the stifling of creativity. This paper calls into question the performative nature of platform algorithms and governance structures to actively shape and influence the behaviour of creative workers, social norms and market dynamics through their design and operational logic. The paper advocates for comprehensive policies and strategies to harness the benefits of creative platforms while mitigating their downsides, ensuring fair compensation, protecting intellectual property rights, and promoting a sustainable and inclusive digital creative economy. Future research should explore definitions and measurements of creative workers on platforms, the long-term impact of platformization, and the transformative potential of artificial intelligence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Challenges and potentials of evaluating platform work against established job-quality measures (2024)
Zitatform
Gundert, Stefanie & Janine Leschke (2024): Challenges and potentials of evaluating platform work against established job-quality measures. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 45, H. 3, S. 696-718., 2023-06-08. DOI:10.1177/0143831X231199891
Abstract
"Working conditions in platform work are often, yet rarely explicitly, assessed according to criteria similar to those applied to the quality of jobs outside the gig economy. In this article the authors argue that future research would benefit from analytical schemes that enable a systematic analysis of working conditions in platform work. They discuss the advantages and challenges of applying existing job-quality frameworks to platform work and present a suggestion for modifications that consider the particularities of platform work. The use of such a novel analytical framework could help systematise evidence from qualitative research, promote the heretofore rare initiatives of quantitative representative data collection, and inspire theoretical developments at the interface of job quality and platform work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Plattformarbeit: Herausforderungen im deutschsprachigen Kontext (2024)
Zitatform
Haas, Barbara, Dominik Klaus & Maddalena Lamura (Hrsg.) (2024): Plattformarbeit: Herausforderungen im deutschsprachigen Kontext. (Arbeitsgesellschaft im Wandel), Weinheim: Beltz Juventa, 217 S.
Abstract
"In Zeiten der Digitalisierung verändern sich auch die Erwerbsmöglichkeiten fundamental. Onlinevermittelte Plattformarbeit bietet sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Aktuelle Theorien und Entwicklungen für analog oder digital durchgeführte Tätigkeiten werden für den deutschsprachigen Raum erklärt. Empirische Fallstudien können anhand von Interviews und Umfragen zeigen, wie sich die Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen aus Sicht der Erwerbstätigen konkret gestalten. Diskutiert werden Fragen der Prekarisierung und Gesundheit genauso wie sozialpolitische Optionen und rechtliche Ansätze auf EU-Ebene." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Advertising in Online Labor Markets: A Signal of Freelancer Quality? (2024)
Hannane, Jonas;Zitatform
Hannane, Jonas (2024): Advertising in Online Labor Markets: A Signal of Freelancer Quality? (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2087), Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"Freelancers face cold-start problems in online labor markets: getting hired is very difficult without ratings, while obtaining a rating is impossible unless already having been hired. According to economic theory and empirical evidence, advertising can serve as a signal of product quality for experience goods. As such, advertising might help skilled new freelancers without reputation on a platform to obtain a first job, by providing a quality signal to employers. This study empirically explores the role of advertising in online labor markets using transactional data from a major platform. While indeed newer freelancers tend to advertise, I find that buyers dislike ads once I control for the increased visibility of ads. This negative effect is amplified for new and unrated freelancers compared to already rated freelancers. Furthermore, I find that new freelancers who advertise do not perform significantly better in the long-run compared to similar freelancers who do not advertise. Taken together, my results contrast the hypotheses derived from signaling models of advertising." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Generative Künstliche Intelligenz reduziert Nachfrage nach Freelance-Arbeit auf Online-Plattformen (2024)
Zitatform
Hannane, Jonas, Ozge Demirci & Xinrong Zhu (2024): Generative Künstliche Intelligenz reduziert Nachfrage nach Freelance-Arbeit auf Online-Plattformen. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 91, H. 35, S. 539-545. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2024-35-1
Abstract
"Einführung generativer KI birgt das Potenzial für höheres Wirtschaftswachstum, stellt. Arbeitnehmer*innen aber auch vor große Herausforderungen • Auftragszahlen auf Online-Arbeitsmärkten zeigen: Nachfrage nach leicht automatisierbaren Tätigkeiten bleibt deutlich hinter der nach anderen Tätigkeiten zurück. Auftragszahlen für leicht ersetzbare Arbeiten wie Schreib- oder Grafikarbeiten sind aufgrund der Einführung generativer KI bis zu 30 Prozent zurückgegangen. Bei verbleibenden Aufträgen steigen die Anforderungen, also die Komplexität der Aufträge – sie werden zugleich aber auch besser dotiert. Weiter- und Fortbildungsmaßnahmen unerlässlich – insbesondere für Frauen und Ältere, die KI deutlich weniger am Arbeitsplatz nutzen als Männer und Jüngere." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Basiswissen BWL: New Work (2024)
Hillebrecht, Steffen;Zitatform
Hillebrecht, Steffen (2024): Basiswissen BWL: New Work. In: Das Wirtschaftsstudium, Jg. 53, H. 3, S. 227-228.
Abstract
"New Work ist das Bemühen, Arbeit anders als bislang zu organisieren, anders mit ihr umzugehen und ihr neuen Sinn zu verleihen. (vgl. Väth, S.41 ff.; vgl. Rehfeld). Der Begriff reflektiert zugleich die neuen Anforderungen, die sich durch die neue Arbeitswelt, insbesondere durch die Globalisierung, die Digitalisierung, neue Arten der Zusammenarbeit und durch die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ergeben. Richtig umgesetzt kann New Work zu einem Kulturwandel im Unternehmen führen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku, © Lange Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Entgelte von sog. UGC-Plattformen für künstlerisch/publizistische Leistungen und deren Einbeziehung in die Künstlersozialabgabe (2024)
Zitatform
Hoose, Fabian & Sophie Rosenbohm (2024): Entgelte von sog. UGC-Plattformen für künstlerisch/publizistische Leistungen und deren Einbeziehung in die Künstlersozialabgabe. (Forschungsbericht / Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales 640), Berlin, 60 S.
Abstract
"User-Generated-Content-Plattformen (UGC-Plattformen), zu denen bekannte Social-Media Plattformen zählen, gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese sind fester Bestandteil der Mediennutzung und stellen wichtige Wirtschaftsakteure dar. Ihr Geschäftsmodell beruht darin, Werbeplätze zu vermarkten, wobei jedoch der mit Werbung verknüpfte Content nicht selbst produziert wird. Dies erfolgt durch Plattform-Nutzer*innen und hat sich zu einem Feld selbstständiger Erwerbsarbeit entwickelt. Damit rückt die Frage in den Fokus, ob die plattformseitige Verwertung von künstlerisch/publizistischen Leistungen durch eine Gesetzesänderung umfassend in die Abgabepflicht im Sinne des Künstlersozialversicherungsgesetzes (KSVG) einbezogen werden sollte, selbst wenn die betreffenden Plattformen ihren Sitz im Ausland haben. Der für eine Beurteilung dieser Frage relevante Informationsstand zum Volumen hinsichtlich der Verwertung künstlerisch-publizistischer Leistung durch bzw. auf Plattformen ist jedoch verbesserungsbedürftig. Diese Studie erweitert das Verständnis über die Monetarisierung von User-Generated-Content und analysiert die Vergütungs- und Auszahlungsmodelle der Plattformen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
"Künstliche Künstliche Intelligenz": Gigging auf Amazons Plattform Mechanical Turk (2024)
Zitatform
Kassem, Sarrah (2024): "Künstliche Künstliche Intelligenz". Gigging auf Amazons Plattform Mechanical Turk. In: Prokla, Jg. 54, H. 217, S. 627-649. DOI:10.32387/prokla.v54i217.2158
Abstract
"In diesem Artikel geht es um die Entfremdung der Arbeiter*innen bei Amazons Mechanical Turk (MTurk), die hinter ihren Bildschirmen monotone und sich wiederholende Mikroaufgaben erledigen. Angesichts verschiedener »virtueller Fließbänder«, die weltweit Daten produzieren, kann ihre Arbeit für das maschinelle Lernen im Besonderen und die Künstliche Intelligenz im Allgemeinen genutzt werden. Die Beschäftigung mit diesen Arbeiter*innen und ihrer Arbeit ist zentral für die allgemeinen gegenwärtigen und künftigen technologischen Entwicklungen, die zwangsläufig ihre eigenen Auswirkungen mit sich bringen werden – einschließlich der wachsenden und zentralen Rolle von Algorithmen bei der Verwaltung der Arbeitswelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot)
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Literaturhinweis
KI-Kompetenzen gefragt: Studie zeigt tendenziell steigende Nachfrage in Stellenanzeigen (Interview) (2024)
Zitatform
Keitel, Christiane; Michael Stops & Lennert Peede (interviewte Person) (2024): KI-Kompetenzen gefragt: Studie zeigt tendenziell steigende Nachfrage in Stellenanzeigen (Interview). In: IAB-Forum H. 27.11.2024. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20241127.01
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren gab es eine Vielzahl von Innovationen im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI). Die öffentliche Debatte schwankt zwischen der Befürchtung, dass viele Tätigkeiten künftig nicht mehr von Menschen erledigt werden und Arbeitsplätze wegfallen, und der Hoffnung, dass neue Tätigkeitsfelder und damit eine neue Qualität von Arbeit entstehen. In einer Studie untersuchen die IAB-Forscher Michael Stops und Lennert Peede unter anderem anhand einer Analyse von Stellenanzeigen aus den Jahren 2015 bis 2019, wie sich KI-Technologien in dieser frühen Phase bereits auf die Arbeitsnachfrage und die Beschäftigung auf Betriebsebene auswirkten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Mehr als nur ein Zeitvertreib: Arbeitsorientierungen und Erwerbsprojekte von Plattformarbeitenden (2024)
Zitatform
Kramer, Paul-Fiete (2024): Mehr als nur ein Zeitvertreib. Arbeitsorientierungen und Erwerbsprojekte von Plattformarbeitenden. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 338 S.
Abstract
"Plattformarbeit wird nicht zuletzt aufgrund der oft prekären Erwerbsbedingungen nur der Stellenwert eines (zeitweisen) Nebenerwerbs oder eines bezahlten Hobbys zugesprochen. Gleichzeitig zeichnen sich auf Seiten der Plattformarbeitenden vielfältige Interessenlagen und Erwerbskonstellationen ab, die über derartige Motive und Funktionen der Plattformarbeit hinausweisen. Die vorliegende Studie fragt ausgehend davon nach den längerfristigen erwerbsbezogenen Interessen und Strategien von Plattformarbeitenden und untersucht deren individuelle Ausgestaltung der Erwerbsprojekte. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Plattformarbeit teils langfristiger Bestandteil solo-selbstständiger Erwerbsprojekte ist und die Umsetzung individueller arbeitsbezogener Ansprüche ermöglicht; prekäre Erwerbsbedingungen werden dabei teils bewusst in Kauf genommen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis vom Verlag -
Literaturhinweis
Predictability and transparency of working conditions for food delivery platform workers across selected EU countries (2024)
Zitatform
Leschke, Janine & Laura Scheele (2024): Predictability and transparency of working conditions for food delivery platform workers across selected EU countries. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 4, S. 638-657. DOI:10.1111/spol.13038
Abstract
"While prior research has demonstrated the poor and unpredictable working conditions and ambiguous working arrangements characteristic of platform-based food delivery, we lack research on the question of how well these workers are informed about essential aspects of their work, including protection of their rights, working time and schedules, and earnings. Comprehensive and transparent information on working conditions at an early stage is indispensable if workers are to be able to make informed decisions on taking up work and, where relevant, investing in equipment and exercising rights linked to a specific job. Drawing on the multi-dimensional job quality literature, this article focuses on digital labour platforms in the food delivery sector across four countries: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. We exploit firm-level variations, including with regard to the types of work arrangements used and the application—or not—of collective agreements. We draw on information provided to riders during the application process prior to the start of employment, including via websites and FAQs, as well as scrutiny of contracts, service agreements and collective bargaining agreements, where relevant. This information is complemented with interviews with trade union representatives. Our findings point to the relationship between a firm's choice of employment status and form of contract, on one hand, and the predictability and transparency of information provided to workers, on the other. Differences and similarities in such information seem to be more strongly bound to firm-level decisions than to the welfare and industrial relations regimes in which the platform companies operate." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk (2024)
Zitatform
Maffie, Michael David (2024): Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 63, H. 1, S. 59-79. DOI:10.1111/irel.12337
Abstract
"How do gig platforms prevent workers from defecting to a competitor? Drawing on 40 original interviews and survey data from 210 ride-hail drivers, the author finds that platform companies calibrate workers' exposure to market risk using gamified reward systems. These rewards protect compliant workers from changes in market conditions, raising the costs of accepting work from a competitor. Yet those who do not comply are “pushed” to the periphery, increasing their market risk. This article illustrates how platform companies can use their “visible hands” to harness and control market forces, shaping worker behavior within and across platforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coverage for platform workers and the self-employed in case of unemployment in Switzerland: Access to protection and ways of improvement (2024)
Zitatform
Magoga-Sabatier, Sabrine (2024): Coverage for platform workers and the self-employed in case of unemployment in Switzerland: Access to protection and ways of improvement. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 198-213. DOI:10.1177/13882627241256003
Abstract
"Whether they are self-employed, atypical employees, or self-employed using an umbrella company, there is still almost no social protection against unemployment or partial loss of activity in Switzerland for platform workers. The same can be said for the self-employed in general. This contribution shows that platform workers, irrespective of their exact legal status, and the self-employed in general, risk sanctions for taking on unsuitable work, for being insufficiently available for decent work or unable to prove a loss of income. However hard they try, they cannot even contribute to a voluntary unemployment insurance scheme. We show that the Swiss social protection scheme, a product of years of federal direct democracy, is hardly able to adapt to the fast-moving platform work environment, thus increasing the risks of precariousness and the burden on the cantons' social assistance for the next generation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Platform cooperatives and the dilemmas of platform worker-member participation (2024)
Zitatform
Mannan, Morshed & Simon Pek (2024): Platform cooperatives and the dilemmas of platform worker-member participation. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, Jg. 39, H. 2, S. 219-237. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.12273
Abstract
"Despite the surge of interest in platform cooperatives, we have a limited understanding of the dynamics of platform worker-member participation in these cooperatives. Drawing on interviews with 21 senior leaders and founders of platform worker cooperatives, we investigate the dynamics of platform worker-member participation, finding that these cooperatives experience some successes and many challenges. We then build theory about how four distinct features of platform worker cooperatives—the facilitation of multihoming, the physically untethered nature of work, the relatively high importance of scale as a strategic imperative, and the relatively low importance of initial platform worker-member investment—influence these participation dynamics. We find that the platform and worker cooperative organisational models are in tension with one another when brought together within a platform worker cooperative, leading to positive and negative effects on participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Essays on institutions in health care and labor markets (2024)
Müller-Rehm, Rebekka;Zitatform
Müller-Rehm, Rebekka (2024): Essays on institutions in health care and labor markets. (Untersuchungen zur Wirtschaftspolitik 145), Köln, 145 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Band der Untersuchungen zur Wirtschaftspolitik ist institutionellen Besonderheiten des Gesundheitswesens und von Arbeitsmärkten gewidmet. Gesundheits- und Arbeitsmärkte unterliegen aus guten Gründen einer stärkeren Regulierung als andere Märkte: Der Schutz von Patient*innen und Arbeitnehmer*innen genießt in unserer Gesellschaft hohe Priorität. Die Wirkung der Regulierung auf diesen Märkten zu verstehen, ist nicht zuletzt deshalb wichtig, weil sie in besonderem Maße von Entwicklungen betroffen sind, die sich der Kontrolle der politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen weitegehend entziehen, z.B. dem demografischen Wandel, dem technologischen Fortschritt und dem damit verbundenen Wandel hin zu einer Dienstleistungsökonomie. Im ersten Teil geht es um Plattformarbeit, das heißt um Arbeitsaufträge, die ortsunabhängig über digitale Plattformen abgewickelt werden. Da häufig die Befürchtung geäußert wird, dass Arbeitgeber Plattformarbeit nutzen, um Arbeitsmarktregulierung zu umgehen, liegt der Fokus auf dem Zusammenhang zwischen der Nachfrage nach Plattformarbeit und der Stärke des Kündigungsschutzes in OECD-Staaten. Im zweiten Teil werden die Niederlassungsentscheidungen von Hausärzt*innen in unterversorgten Gebieten in Deutschland untersucht, wobei nach Geschlecht und zwischen Einzel- und Gemeinschaftspraxen differenziert wird. Auf dieser Grundlage werden zwei Regulierungsszenarien simuliert: eine Angleichung der Vergütung von für die Behandlung von gesetzlich- und privatversicherten Patient*innen und eine striktere Begrenzung der Zulassung in überversorgten Gebieten. Der dritte Teil ist unfreiwilliger Teilzeitarbeit gewidmet. In Zeiten konjunkturellen Abschwungs reduzieren viele Arbeitgeber in eher liberalen Arbeitsmärkten, wie in den USA und in Großbritannien, die Arbeitszeit ihrer Beschäftigten, was zu einem Anstieg unfreiwilliger Teilzeitarbeit führt. Das wirft die Fragen auf, ob die striktere Regulierung in Deutschland, die eine einseitige Reduzierung der Arbeitszeit durch den Arbeitgeber untersagt, einen solchen Anstieg unfreiwilliger Teilzeitbeschäftigung in konjunkturellen Abschwungphasen verhindert und wie die Regulierung die Marktanpassungsmechanismen verändert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Stratified pathways into platform work: Migration trajectories and skills in Berlin's gig economy (2024)
Zitatform
Orth, Barbara (2024): Stratified pathways into platform work: Migration trajectories and skills in Berlin's gig economy. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 56, H. 2, S. 476-490. DOI:10.1177/0308518X231191933
Abstract
"Platform labour scholars have noted the prevalence of migrant workers in the gig economy. This paper builds on this research but interrogates the broad concept of 'migrant labour'. The study draws on biographical interviews with platform workers in grocery delivery and domestic work platforms in Berlin, Germany as well as expert interviews with union representatives, migrant organisations and white-collar platform company employees. Through an examination of the mobility strategies of platform workers in this subset of the platform economy, the study reveals a stratification of migrant trajectories and of skills needed to engage in platform work across different types of labour platforms. The study finds that platform companies draw on a workforce that consists of recently arrived young migrants with comparatively high education, language skills and digital literacy. Through close analysis of an understudied section of the gig economy, the paper contributes to the ongoing theorisation of the nexus of migration regimes and platform-mediated labour regimes. The findings complicate the notion of 'accessibility' of platform work and call for the inclusion of visa regimes, immigration categories and particular skill sets in future research on platform labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nürnberger Gespräche: Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation? (Podium) (2024)
Schludi, Martin; Lötzsch, Markus; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Heilmaier, Andrea; Deckbar, Laura; Schnitzer, Monika ; Wallheinke, Anna; Niebuhr, Annekatrin ; König, Marcus; Gropp, Reint;Zitatform
Schludi, Martin, Anna Wallheinke & Laura Deckbar; Markus Lötzsch, Bernd Fitzenberger, Andrea Heilmaier, Monika Schnitzer, Annekatrin Niebuhr, Marcus König & Reint Gropp (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2024): Nürnberger Gespräche: Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation? (Podium). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.05.2024 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240506.02
Abstract
"Energiewende, Mobilitätswende, Digitalisierung, Künstliche Intelligenz: Die aktuellen Herausforderungen sind gewaltig. Die digitale und die ökologische Transformation setzen Staat und Unternehmen unter massiven Anpassungsdruck. Zugleich ist jede Region in unterschiedlicher Weise mit den Chancen und Risiken der Transformation konfrontiert. Resultieren daraus auch unterschiedliche regionale Anpassungsstrategien? Wie effektiv ist regionale Wirtschaftsförderung? Und führen die Transformationsprozesse zu einer Reorganisation von Wirtschaftsräumen? Diese und weitere Fragen diskutierten Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Regionalpolitik am 13. März dieses Jahres bei den „Nürnberger Gesprächen“." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Skill Specificity on High-Skill Online Gig Platforms: Same as in Traditional Labour Markets? (2024)
Zitatform
Slageren, Jaap van & Andrea M. Herrmann (2024): Skill Specificity on High-Skill Online Gig Platforms: Same as in Traditional Labour Markets? In: Social forces, Jg. 102, H. 4, S. 1332-1351. DOI:10.1093/sf/soad153
Abstract
"Political economists and labor sociologists alike have studied how the skill specificity of workers can be explained, as it significantly affects workers’ performance. However, the emergence of the gig economy may substantially change skill hiring and specificity in online labor markets because gig workers do not need formal educational credentials to offer their services. Instead, skills are “unbundled” from occupations, and platforms provide alternative ways to signal competencies, for example, via their rating and review systems. To shed light on the applicability of existing theories to explain the skill profiles of gig workers, we examine what predicts the skills hired in the online gig economy. Based on multilevel ordinal logistic regression analyses of 2336 gig worker profiles, we show that—as in traditional labor markets—gig workers with a vocational degree and longer online work experience are hired for more specific skills. However, national labor market institutions and educational systems affect the gig workers’ skill specificity in the opposite direction than in traditional labor markets. Our findings thus suggest that online gig platforms allow workers to overcome restrictions imposed by national institutions as they are hired for those skills in the online gig economy that are institutionally less facilitated in their home labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor-capital relations on digital platforms: Organization, algorithmic discipline and the social factory again (2024)
Zitatform
Wang, June & Julia Tomassetti (2024): Labor-capital relations on digital platforms: Organization, algorithmic discipline and the social factory again. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13192
Abstract
"Digital platform labor and its complex relationship with capital have stirred scholarly inquiry, calling for a systemic review that bridges foundational theories and various currents of development. In this review, we revisit Marxist and autonomist Marxist theses on the changing nature of work in the platform economy. Following that, we review two major strands of studies on the organization of production at the macro level and labour control at the micro level, which have revealed variegated types of workplace fissuring and different techniques of algorithmic control over bodies. However, we argue that the path forward must transcend these boundaries. We call for a revival of the ‘social factory’ thesis to rekindle ‘networking’ as a way of understanding labor-capital relations on digital platforms. Our premise is that capital and labor mutually constitute the platform economy through their agency of networking the internet and ‘outernet’. We outline four key directions for future research based on this premise: networking with public elements, networking with market-driven elements, networking for financialization in the digital landscape, and networking for resistance. By reinvigorating the social factory approach, we aim to enrich scholarly understandings of labor-capital relations in the platform economy by articulating digital labor in a wider web of sociocultural, technical, political and economic relationships extending beyond and transcending the internet." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mutualism, class composition, and the reshaping of worker organisation in platform work and the gig economy (2023)
Zitatform
Alberti, Gabriella & Simon Joyce (2023): Mutualism, class composition, and the reshaping of worker organisation in platform work and the gig economy. In: Global Labour Journal, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 220-235. DOI:10.15173/glj.v14i3.5332
Abstract
"This article contributes an understanding of mutualism as a foundational element in emergent worker collectivism. We challenge mainstream institutionalist accounts in industrial relations, especially from the Global North, that downplay processes of bottom-up regeneration of working-class organization. We discuss compositional accounts of class formation and examine previous understandings of mutualism, then apply our conceptual framework to evidence from international literature and our own research on platform work in Italy and the UK. Three important themes emerge in understanding worker self-organization: the demographics of the workforce, including migration backgrounds and social ties beyond the workplace; the existence of social relations in the ethnic/political/local community; and the relevance of free spaces of resource sharing and recomposition in the absence of a fixed place of work. We conclude that an understanding of mutualism can help to grasp emergent solidarities among new groups of workers within and beyond both platform work and trade unions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt? (2023)
Allmendinger, Jutta; Schroeder, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Allmendinger, Jutta & Wolfgang Schroeder (2023): Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt? In: J. Legrand, B. Linden & H.-J. Arlt (Hrsg.) (2023): Transformation und Emanzipation, S. 113-124. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-39911-5_10
Abstract
"Die Arrangements der Plattformökonomie stehen für eine weitreichende Transformation, an deren Ende sich das rechtliche und soziale Band der Erwerbsarbeit auflöst. Solange die Plattformarbeit eher ein Randphänomen bleibt, wird die regulierte Arbeitsgesellschaft nicht grundlegend infrage gestellt. Entwickelt sich dieses Phänomen aber in der heutigen Form ungezügelt weiter, werden unsere Prinzipien des Sozialversicherungsstaats bedroht. Die neuen Konstellationen von Beschäftigung, Managementstrategien und Interessenvertretung führen dann zu Veränderungen, die das etablierte Akteurs- und Institutionengefüge sprengen und sich herkömmlichen sozialpartnerschaftlichen Aushandlungsformen und politischer Regulierung entziehen. Eine Arbeitspolitik der Souveränität braucht Antworten, die den Kontext der Akteure und Institutionen stärkt. Davon wird es abhängen, ob die Freiheitspotenziale erschlossen werden können. Dafür gibt es Ansätze, wie die bald weltweit verortete Initiative von Fairwork zeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer)
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Literaturhinweis
Platform work, exploitation, and migrant worker resistance: Evidence from Berlin and London (2023)
Zitatform
Alyanak, Oğuz, Callum Cant, Tatiana López Ayala, Adam Badger & Mark Graham (2023): Platform work, exploitation, and migrant worker resistance: Evidence from Berlin and London. In: The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Jg. 34, S. 667-688. DOI:10.1017/elr.2023.34
Abstract
"For migrant workers who do not have access to other means of income, the platform economy offers a viable yet exploitative alternative to the conventional labor market. Migrant workers are used as a source of cheap labor by platforms – and yet, they are not disempowered. They are at the heart of a growing platform worker movement. Across different international contexts, migrants have played a key role in leading strikes and other forms of collective action. This article traces the struggles of migrant platform workers in Berlin and London to explore how working conditions, work experiences, and strategies for collective action are shaped at the intersection of multiple precarities along lines of employment and migration status. Combining data collected through research by the Fairwork project with participant observation and ethnography, the article argues that migrant workers are more than an exploitable resource: they are harbingers of change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing Inclusivity Through Job Quality in Digital Plat‐Firms (2023)
Zitatform
Arcidiacono, Davide & Giorgio Piccitto (2023): Assessing Inclusivity Through Job Quality in Digital Plat‐Firms. In: Social Inclusion, Jg. 11, H. 4, S. 239-250. DOI:10.17645/si.v11i4.7043
Abstract
"A great deal of the literature has underlined how job quality is a key element in individual well-being. However, the rise in platform work challenges this issue, since not only do “plat-firms” play an increasingly important role in job matching, work organization, and industrial relations, but they also increase the risks of a poorly inclusive socio-technical system in terms of the quality of working conditions and accessibility. In this sense, the platform economy is intertwined with multiple forms of social exclusion by acting on pre-existing inequalities that stratify workers within the labor market. This is particularly true in Italy, a country with a strongly dualistic labor market, which leads to a remarkable gap between insider and outsider workers. Therefore, the goal of our analysis is to evaluate the impact of the platform model on job quality in the Italian context. This will be accomplished by adopting an integrated and multidimensional perspective through the application of the OECD Job Quality Framework. The analysis identifies how job quality is differently affected by the type of platform work involved in terms of creating differentiated patterns of social inclusion/exclusion in the case of platform workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Same same but different: Perspektiven der Sozialpartnerschaft in der Plattformökonomie zwischen Atomisierung und Institutionalisierung (2023)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian & Fabian Hoose (2023): Same same but different: Perspektiven der Sozialpartnerschaft in der Plattformökonomie zwischen Atomisierung und Institutionalisierung. In: Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, Jg. 92, H. 4, S. 141-154. DOI:10.3790/vjh.2023.334394
Abstract
"The forms of work in the platform economy pose major challenges to established actors and institutions of industrial relations. Since platform work is performed beyond contractual ties and physical enterprises and is often part of volatile employment patterns on an individual level, it breaks with key features of regular employment. While previous research has mainly focused on empirical studies of institutionalization processes in food delivery services, this article has two aims: First, it identifies the structural challenges of industrial relations and collective interest representation in platform work and discusses conflicts, processes of (de)institutionalization and actor constellations. Second, based on an online survey amongst platform self-employed in Germany, it explores the problem perceptions and organizing preferences of this group of workers and the implications for future forms of collective labor regulation. The findings suggest considerable organizing potential, although the market and information power of platform companies is perceived uncritically by the majority. In the medium term, given the structural peculiarities of this area of employment, the collective regulation of platform work is likely to be characterized by general segmentation and selective institutionalization, and hence, follow the paths of the “analogue” working world." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))