Arbeitszeit: Verlängern? Verkürzen? Flexibilisieren?
Verkürzung, Verlängerung oder Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit stehen immer wieder im Zentrum der Debatten. Was wünschen sich Unternehmen und Beschäftigte? Wie kann Arbeitszeitpolitik die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze und die Sicherung vorhandener Arbeitsplätze unterstützen?
Dieses Themendossier bietet Publikationen zur Entwicklung der Arbeitszeiten in Deutschland auch im internationalen Vergleich, zur betrieblichen Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit und zu den Arbeitszeitwünschen der Beschäftigten.
Publikationen zur kontroversen Debatte um die Einführung der Vier-Tage-Woche finden Sie in unserem Themendossier Vier-Tage-Woche – Arbeitszeitmodell der Zukunft?
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Arbeitszeitpolitik
- Arbeitszeitentwicklung
- Arbeitszeit aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
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Arbeitszeitgestaltung
- gleitende Arbeitszeit
- Vertrauensarbeitszeit
- Arbeitszeitkonten
- Schichtmodelle, Wochenendarbeit
- Langzeiturlaub, Blockfreizeit
- Arbeit auf Abruf, KAPOVAZ
- Bereitschaftsdienst
- Job Sharing, Teilzeit, Altersteilzeit
- Telearbeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Working longer, feeling worse? How job quality shapes the mental health toll of delayed retirement (2026)
Zitatform
Lugova, Alexandra, Michele Belloni, Bérangère Legendre & Jeremy Tanguy (2026): Working longer, feeling worse? How job quality shapes the mental health toll of delayed retirement. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 100. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2026.102871
Abstract
"This paper examines the impact of delayed retirement, induced by pension reforms, on late-career mental health, focusing on working conditions. While studies have analysed aspects of job quality – such as high-strain roles and automation risk – none have considered the full range of job characteristics shaping workers’ experiences. We address this gap by analysing six key dimensions of job quality: skills and discretion, working time quality, physical environment, social environment, work intensity, and career prospects. To mitigate endogeneity concerns in self-reported mental health measures, we incorporate occupation-level data on working conditions from external sources.Our analysis leverages pension reforms enacted between 2011 and 2015 in 14 European countries, integrating data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe with job quality measures from the European Working Conditions Survey. Using a staggered difference-in-differences design, we estimate the causal impact of extended work horizons on depression while accounting for cross-country differences in labour markets and pension systems.Our findings confirm that delaying retirement negatively affects older workers’ mental health, especially in the caseof larger increases in the retirement age. However, the magnitude of this impact varies depending on job quality. Workers in unsupportive social environments, precarious jobs with limited career prospects, or roles with low autonomy exhibit the largest increases in depression. In contrast, individuals in high quality jobs, particularly those with supportive workplaces, experience milder negative effects or even benefits. To prevent pension reforms from harming workers’ well-being, they should be complemented by labour market policies that promote sustainable working conditions, job adaptability, and lifelong learning." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexible working hours: Benefit or burden? A study of occupational differences in five European countries (2026)
Zitatform
Stadler, Bettina (2026): Flexible working hours: Benefit or burden? A study of occupational differences in five European countries. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 25-42. DOI:10.1177/09596801251398951
Abstract
"Working hours and locations are becoming increasingly flexible for many employees. Still, employees’ opportunities to flexibly organise their working hours andlocation largely depend on their occupational position. Despite these notions, only a few systematic empirical studies have been conducted on the distribution of flexible working hours for different groups of workers. In order to carry out an in-depth analysis across occupations, this article distinguishes between employee-centred and employer-centred forms of flexible working hours. It examines which groups of employees benefit more from flexible working hours and which are predominantly burdened by the flexibility demands of their employers. The analysis is based on the EU Labour Force Survey 2019 ad hoc module on working hours and working arrangements and was conducted for five countries representing different working time regimes. The results show that higher-skilled workers can organise their working hours much more flexibly than lower-skilled workers. Employer-centred flexibility is also generally more common among higher-skilled employees. Employees in social services with medium or low qualifications are particularly affected by employer-centred flexibility while having little to no flexibility of their own." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Unpredictable Work Schedules and Gender Divisions of Domestic Labor (2025)
Fuller, Sylvia ; Cai, Manlin ; Doucet, Andrea ; Petts, Richard ; Reimer, Thordis ; Kurowska, Anna ; Lero, Donna ;Zitatform
Fuller, Sylvia, Manlin Cai, Richard Petts, Andrea Doucet, Anna Kurowska, Donna Lero & Thordis Reimer (2025): Unpredictable Work Schedules and Gender Divisions of Domestic Labor. In: Work and occupations, S. 1-44. DOI:10.1177/07308884251390866
Abstract
"Unpredictable work schedules dictated by employers can be difficult to reconcile with parental obligations. As such, they may motivate different strategies for managing and dividing domestic labor among partnered parents. Drawing on pooled cross-national survey data of dual-earner heterosexual parents of young children in Canada, Germany, Poland, Italy, Sweden, and the United States, we investigate the relationship between the predictability of parental work schedules and divisions of housework and childcare. Analyses reveal stronger adaptations in childcare than housework, with results suggesting that when parental availability is uncertain, families tend to rely more often on the partner with a regular schedule to manage and meet children's needs. When both parents have unpredictable schedules, fathers also take on a greater share of childcare. The implications of fathers’ unpredictable schedules thus differ depending on whether the mother also works an unpredictable schedule, highlighting the importance of analyzing parents’ schedules together. Household economic security and gender egalitarian attitudes around fathers’ caregiving also condition the relationship between unpredictable schedules and divisions of domestic labor. Overall, findings highlight the need to expand understanding of time availability in research on domestic labor beyond total work hours to wider and more relational temporal dimensions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dissecting the Decline in Average Hours Worked in Europe (2024)
Astinova, Diva; Toscani, Mr. Frederik G.; Duval, Mr. Romain A.; Park, Ben; Hansen, Mr. Niels-Jakob H.; Shibata, Mr. Ippei;Zitatform
Astinova, Diva, Mr. Romain A. Duval, Mr. Niels-Jakob H. Hansen, Ben Park, Mr. Ippei Shibata & Mr. Frederik G. Toscani (2024): Dissecting the Decline in Average Hours Worked in Europe. (IMF working papers / International Monetary Fund 2024,02), Washington, DC, 44 S.
Abstract
"Three years after the COVID-19 crisis, employment and total hours worked in Europe fully recovered, but average hours per worker did not. We analyze the decline in average hours worked across European countries and find that (i) it is not cyclical but predominantly structural, extending a long-term trend that predates COVID-19, (ii) it mainly reflects reduced hours within worker groups, not a compositional shift towards lower-hours jobs and workers, (iii) men—particularly those with young children—and youth drive this drop, (iv) declines in actual hours match declines in desired hours. Policy reforms could help involuntary parttimers and women with young children raise their actual hours towards desired levels, but the aggregate impact on average hours would be limited to 0.5 to 1.5 percent. Overall, there is scant evidence of slack at the intensive margin in European labor markets, and the trend fall in average hours worked seems unlikely to reverse." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of the rat race: working hours in the age of abundance (2024)
Zitatform
Behringer, Jan, Martin Gonzalez-Granda & Till van Treeck (2024): Varieties of the rat race: working hours in the age of abundance. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 22, H. 1, S. 141-168. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwac067
Abstract
"We ask why working hours in the rich world have not declined more sharply or even risen at times since the early 1980s, despite a steady increase in productivity, and why they vary so much across rich countries. We use an internationally comparable database on working hours (Bick et al., 2019) and conduct panel data estimations for a sample of 17 European countries and the USA over the period 1983–2019. We find that high or increasing top-end income inequality, decentralized labor relations, and limited government provision of education and other in-kind services contribute to long working hours. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that upward-looking status comparisons in positional consumption (‘Veblen effects’) contribute to a ‘rat race’ of long working hours that is more or less pronounced in different varieties of capitalism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wishing for More: Technological Change, the Rise of Involuntary Part-Time Employment and the Role of Active Labour Market Policies (2024)
Zitatform
Doorn, Lars Van & Olaf van Vliet (2024): Wishing for More: Technological Change, the Rise of Involuntary Part-Time Employment and the Role of Active Labour Market Policies. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 53, H. 3, S. 751-771. DOI:10.1017/S0047279422000629
Abstract
"Technological change has squeezed the demand for middle-skill jobs, which typically involve routine-intense tasks. This squeeze has coincided with an increase in the number of part-time working individuals who wish to work more hours. We argue that these two trends are linked. Due to the decline of middle-skill employment, medium-educated workers shift into low-skill employment, increasing the supply of labor for jobs in this segment of the labor market. This pushes those dependent on these jobs to accept part-time jobs, even if these involve fewer hours than they prefer. To empirically assess this claim, we analyze involuntary part-time employment across 16 European countries between 1999 and 2010. Our analysis confirms that a decline in middle-skill employment is associated with an increase in involuntary part-time employment at the bottom end of the labor market. This finding implies that the automation of routine-intense labour worsens employment possibilities in this segment of the labor market. However, we show that training and job creation schemes mitigate this effect. These programs cushion competition either by providing medium-educated workers with the necessary skills to shift into high-skill jobs or by increasing employment possibilities. Thus, governments have the tools to support workers facing challenges in the knowledge economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flextime/Flexspace for All in the Organization? A Study of the Availability, Use, and Consequences of Flexible Work Arrangements for Low and High SES Employees in Nine European Countries (2024)
Zitatform
Lippe, Tanja van der, Laura den Dulk & Katia Begall (2024): Flextime/Flexspace for All in the Organization? A Study of the Availability, Use, and Consequences of Flexible Work Arrangements for Low and High SES Employees in Nine European Countries. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 13, H. 4. DOI:10.3390/socsci13040200
Abstract
"This article investigates the relationship between employee socioeconomic status (SES) and the availability, use, and consequences for employees of flexible work arrangements (working from home and flexible starting and finishing times). Multi-level analyses based on the European Sustainable Workforce Survey (11,011 employees nested in 869 teams at 259 organizations in nine European countries) reveal a negative relationship between low SES employees and the availability of working from home. Lower-status employees also perceive working from home and flexible work times as less available to them and use these arrangements less than higher-status employees. Findings suggest similar outcomes of use for both groups. We found almost no differences between lower and higher SES employees in how using flexible work arrangements affected performance, commitment, and work–life conflict." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Working Times They Are A-Changing: Trends in Six EU countries (1992-2022) (2024)
Torrejón Pérez, Sergio; González Vázquez, Ignacio; Fernández-Macías, Enrique ; Marqués Perales, Ildefonso;Zitatform
Torrejón Pérez, Sergio, Enrique Fernández-Macías, Ignacio González Vázquez & Ildefonso Marqués Perales (2024): The Working Times They Are A-Changing: Trends in Six EU countries (1992-2022). (JRC working papers series on labour, education and technology 2024,04), Sevilla, 33 S.
Abstract
"The time Europeans devote to paid work has been consistently reduced since the Industrial Revolution. However, since the 1980s, the pace of this trend has slowed. The aim of this article is twofold: first, we develop a theoretical framework to account for the main factors determining the evolution and distribution of working hours in Europe; second, we exploit the EU-LFS data (1992-2022) to analyze the main factors explaining recent developments in working time. The results indicate: 1) that reductions in working time are primarily attributable to an increased prevalence of non-standard forms of work, mainly part-time work; 2) that part-time work has expanded mainly due to the feminization of employment and tertiarisation; 3) that full-time workers continue to work more or less the same hours as in the 1980s, given that there are countervailing effects pushing up (occupational upgrading and tertiarization) and down (the expansion of public services, the shrinking of the goods-producing sector, and self-employment becoming less time-intensive) the time they devote to work; and 4) that the self-employed work less because part-time self-employment has become more prevalent, although the self-employed continue doing the longest workweeks. Theoretical and empirical implications arising from these findings are discussed, as well as potential avenues for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor Force Participation and Hours Worked Recovery: U.S. vs. Europe (2023)
Zitatform
Bick, Alexander & Kevin Bloodworth II (2023): Labor Force Participation and Hours Worked Recovery: U.S. vs. Europe. In: On the Economy Blog / Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis H. 21.12.2023.
Abstract
"The labor force participation rate in the U.S. had returned to its pre-pandemic level by 2023:Q2, but hours worked per person had not. What about in European countries?" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexible work arrangements for work-life balance: a cross-national policy evaluation from a capabilities perspective (2023)
Zitatform
Brega, Carla, Samuel Briones, Jana Javornik, Margarita León & Mara Yerkes (2023): Flexible work arrangements for work-life balance: a cross-national policy evaluation from a capabilities perspective. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 13/14, S. 278-294. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-03-2023-0077
Abstract
"Purpose: This paper aims to assess the design of national-level flexible work arrangement (FWA) policies, evaluating their potential to serve as an effective resource for employees to work flexibly depending on how they set the stage for flexibility claims that will be subject to industrial and workplace dynamics. Design/methodology/approach Using a capability approach, the authors conceptualize and operationalize two aspects of FWA policy design, namely accessibility and availability. The authors' analysis allows for an understanding of how the availability and accessibility of national FWA policies explicitly and implicitly restrict or facilitate flexible working in a structural manner. The study focuses on countries with differing working time regimes and gender norms on work and care: the Netherlands, Spain and Slovenia. Findings The authors' findings highlight how FWA accessibility is broader when national policy is specified and FWA availability is not conditional to care. In Spain and Slovenia, access to FWAs depends on whether employees have care responsibilities, which reduces accessibility and reinforces gender imbalances in care provision. In contrast, the Netherlands provides FWAs universally, resulting in wider availability and accessibility of FWAs for employees regardless of their care responsibilities. Despite this universal provision, gender imbalances remain. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in its conceptualization and operationalization of FWAs at the national level using a capability approach. The study adds to the existing literature on flexible working and provides insights for policymakers to design more effective FWAs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Working time in 2021–2022: Industrial relations and social dialogue (2023)
Guerrero, Maria Cantero; Cabrita, Jorge;Zitatform
Guerrero, Maria Cantero & Jorge Cabrita (2023): Working time in 2021–2022. Industrial relations and social dialogue. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 46 S. DOI:10.2806/677895
Abstract
"The most important changes in the regulation of working time in Europe in 2021 and 2022 were related to the transposition of two European directives: the Work–life Balance Directive and the Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Directive. The reduction of working time and more specifically the four-day working week have been increasingly debated in many EU Member States. In 2022, the average collectively agreed working week in the EU stood at 38.1 hours. Of the sectors analysed, agreed working hours were shortest in public administration, at around 37.7 hours – still longer than the overall average – and longest in the retail sector, at 38.5 hours. The average collectively agreed paid annual leave entitlement stood at 24.3 days in the EU, and was higher in the Member States that were part of the EU prior to its 2004 enlargement (EU14), at 25.3 days, than in the other Member States, at only 20.9 days. If working collectively agreed hours, full-time workers in the EU27 would have worked, on average, 1,726 hours in 2022, with an average of 1,698 hours in the EU14 and 1,822 hours in the other Member States." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do childcare policies and schedule control enhance variable time workers' work–life balance? A gender analysis across European countries (2023)
Zitatform
Kim, Ji Hyun & Young Jun Choi (2023): Do childcare policies and schedule control enhance variable time workers' work–life balance? A gender analysis across European countries. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 369-382. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12587
Abstract
"Variable time work is no longer abnormal in the post-industrial economy and is accelerating due to digitisation and the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have revealed a causal relationship between working time variability and work–life balance at the individual level; however, there has been less discussion of the role of the institutional context. This study examines the interplay among childcare policy, schedule control, and its relationship with work–life balance. We conducted a multilevel analysis using the European Working Conditions Survey. The analyses revealed that childcare policy has a U-shaped relationship with work–life balance for female variable time workers without schedule control. In contrast, workers with schedule control and male workers did not have a curvilinear relationship with the outcome. Our analyses imply that sufficient childcare intervention and its interaction with schedule control are necessary to offset the negative effect of childcare services on work–life balance." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kinderbetreuung und Vereinbarkeit im internationalen Vergleich: Update des EcoAustria Scoreboard-Indikators (2023)
Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Graf, Nikolaus;Zitatform
Köppl-Turyna, Monika & Nikolaus Graf (2023): Kinderbetreuung und Vereinbarkeit im internationalen Vergleich: Update des EcoAustria Scoreboard-Indikators. (Policy note / EcoAustria - Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung 54), Wien, 21 S.
Abstract
"Die Verfügbarkeit qualitativ hochwertiger, örtlich erreichbarer, zeitlich flexibler Kinderbetreuung stellt eine Grundvoraussetzung der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie dar. Österreich weist eine überdurchschnittliche Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern auf, zugleich findet diese Erwerbsbeteiligung sehr häufig in Form von Teilzeitbeschäftigung statt. Teilzeitbeschäftigung stellt wieder mit, eine Ursache für geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten am Arbeitsmarkt dar. Institutionelle Kinderbetreuung kann die Arbeitsmarktteilnahme von Müttern befördern und zu einer Ausweitung der Arbeitszeit führen. Zugleich gehen von Kinderbetreuung positive Effekte auf die Bildungsergebnisse und auf die schulische Integration bildungsbenachteiligter Kinder aus. In Anbetracht der aktuellen Arbeitskräfteknappheit kann eine Ausweitung der Erwerbsintegration von Müttern eine Option darstellen, die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften zu decken. Kurzum: Von Kinderbetreuung gehen viele positive, gesellschaftlich und politisch erwünschte Effekte aus. Dennoch: Trotz der in der jüngeren Vergangenheit erzielten Fortschritte sind etwa bei der Betreuung von Kleinkindern unter drei Jahren und im Hinblick auf verlängerte flexible Öffnungszeiten am Tagesrand sowie Schließtage während den Ferien Aufholpotenziale insbesondere in ländlichen Regionen gegeben. [...]" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Worker Satisfaction and Worker Representation: The Jury Is Still Out (2022)
Zitatform
Addison, John T. & Paulino Teixeira (2022): Worker Satisfaction and Worker Representation: The Jury Is Still Out. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15809), Bonn, 32 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the relationship between worker job satisfaction and workplace representation, to include works councils as well as local union agencies. The paper marks a clear shift away from the traditional focus on union membership per se because its sample of EU nations have industrial relations systems that diverge markedly from those of Anglophone countries. Our dataset comprises two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). Pooled cross-section data indicate that workers in establishments with workplace representation have less job satisfaction than their counterparts in plants without formal representation. We proceed to upgrade these findings of conditional correlation by constructing a pseudo-panel with cohort fixed effects to take account of unobserved worker heterogeneity. Causality issues are directly tackled using an endogenous treatment effects model to address the possible endogeneity of worker representation. A persistence of our central finding leads us to conclude that, despite the recent evidence of a turnaround in the association between job satisfaction and unionism, it would be premature to conclude that this result can be generalized to continental European nations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of the rat race: Working hours in the age of abundance (2022)
Zitatform
Behringer, Jan, Martin Gonzalez Granda & Till van Treeck (2022): Varieties of the rat race: Working hours in the age of abundance. (ifso working paper 17), Duisburg, 33 S.
Abstract
"We ask why working hours in the rich world have not declined more sharply or even risen at times since the early 1980s, despite a steady increase in productivity, and why they vary so much across rich countries. We use an internationally comparable database on working hours (Bick et al., 2019) and conduct panel data estimations for a sample of 17 European countries and the United States over the period 1983-2019. We find that high or increasing top-end income inequality, decentralized labor relations, and limited government provision of education and other in-kind services contribute to long working hours. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that upward-looking status comparisons in positional consumption ("Veblen effects") contribute to a "rat race" of long working hours that is more or less pronounced in different varieties of capitalism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Homeoffice nach fast zwei Jahren Pandemie: Ein Rück- und Ausblick über die Verbreitung und Struktur der räumlichen und zeitlichen Flexibilisierung von Arbeit in Deutschland, Europa und den USA (2022)
Flüter-Hoffmann, Christiane; Stettes, Oliver;Zitatform
Flüter-Hoffmann, Christiane & Oliver Stettes (2022): Homeoffice nach fast zwei Jahren Pandemie. Ein Rück- und Ausblick über die Verbreitung und Struktur der räumlichen und zeitlichen Flexibilisierung von Arbeit in Deutschland, Europa und den USA. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2022,02), Köln, 56 S.
Abstract
"Die hier vorliegende Studie zeigt einen Rück- und Ausblick über die Verbreitung und Struktur der räumlichen und zeitlichen Flexibilisierung von Arbeit in Deutschland, Europa und den USA." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Live longer, retire later? Developments of healthy life expectancies and working life expectancies between age 50–59 and age 60–69 in Europe (2022)
Zitatform
Weber, Daniela & Elke Loichinger (2022): Live longer, retire later? Developments of healthy life expectancies and working life expectancies between age 50–59 and age 60–69 in Europe. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 75-93. DOI:10.1007/s10433-020-00592-5
Abstract
"Europe's population is ageing. Statutory retirement ages are commonly raised to account for continuous increases in life expectancy. In order to estimate the potential to increase statutory and consequently effective retirement ages further, in this study, we investigate the relationship between partial working life expectancy (WLE) and three health expectancies that represent health aspects important for work ability and employability between ages 50 and 59 as well as 60 and 69 for women and men in Europe. We also explore the association between these four indicators and the highest level of educational attainment. We apply Sullivan's method to estimate WLE and three selected measures that capture general, physical, and cognitive health status of older adults for 26 European countries since 2004. Over time, WLEs increased significantly in the younger age group for women and in the older age group for both sexes. The expected number of years in good physical health have continuously been higher than any of the other three indicators, while the expected number of years in good cognitive health have shown a noticeable increase over time. The investigation of the relationship between education and each life expectancy confirms the well-established positive correlation between education and economic activity as well as good health. Our results indicate potential to extend working lives beyond current levels. However, significant differences in the expected number of years in good health between persons with different levels of education require policies that account for this heterogeneity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Nonstandard work schedules in 29 European countries, 2005-15: differences by education, gender, and parental status (2021)
Zitatform
Gracia, Pablo, Wen Jui-Han & Jianghong Li (2021): Nonstandard work schedules in 29 European countries, 2005-15: differences by education, gender, and parental status. In: Monthly labor review, Jg. 144, H. July. DOI:10.21916/mlr.2021.17
Abstract
"Data from the European Working Conditions Surveys from 2005 to 2015 for 29 European countries show that the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules (evenings, nights, weekends, and rotating shifts) differs markedly across European regions with different public policies. Working nonstandard schedules also differs by education, gender, and parental status across Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do flexible working hours amplify or stabilize unemployment fluctuations? (2021)
Zitatform
Kolasa, Marcin, Michal Rubaszek & Małgorzata Walerych (2021): Do flexible working hours amplify or stabilize unemployment fluctuations? In: European Economic Review, Jg. 131. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103605
Abstract
"In this paper we challenge the conventional view that increasing working time flexibility limits the amplitude of unemployment fluctuations. We start by showing that hours per worker in European countries are much less procyclical than in the US, and even co-move negatively with output in selected economies. This is confirmed by the results from a structural VAR model for the euro area, in which hours per worker increase after a contractionary monetary shock, exacerbating the upward pressure on unemployment. To understand these counterintuitive results, we develop a structural search and matching macroeconomic model with endogenous job separations that resemble layoffs. We show that this feature is key to generating a countercyclical response of hours per worker. When we augment the model with frictions in working hours adjustment and estimate it using euro area time series, we find that increasing flexibility of working time amplifies cyclical movements in unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Flexibility of Working Time Arrangements and Female Labor Market Outcome (2021)
Zitatform
Magda, Iga & Katarzyna Lipowska (2021): Flexibility of Working Time Arrangements and Female Labor Market Outcome. (IZA discussion paper 14812), Bonn, 18 S.
Abstract
"We use data from the 2019 EU Labor Force Survey to study gender and parenthood gaps in two dimensions of flexibility in working time arrangements in 25 European countries. We find that overall in Europe, there is no statistically significant gender difference in access to flexible work arrangements. However, women are less likely than men to have flexible working hours in the Central-Eastern and Southern European countries, whereas this gender gap is reversed in Continental Europe. At the same time, women are less likely than men to face demands from their employers that they work flexible hours. We also find that both mothers and fathers are more likely than their childless colleagues to have access to flexible working hours, but that fathers' workplaces are more likely than mothers' workplaces to demand temporal flexibility from employees. In addition, we find that working in a female-dominated occupation decreases the probability of having access to flexible work arrangements, and that this effect is stronger for women than for men. At the same time, we observe that both men and women who work in female-dominated occupations are less exposed to flexibility demands from employers than their counterparts who work in male-dominated or gender-neutral occupations. Finally, we find that compared to employers in other Europeans countries, employers in the Central and Eastern European countries are less likely to offer flexible working hours, especially to women, and with no additional flexibility being offered to parents; whereas employers in Continental and Nordic countries are more likely to offer flexible work arrangements, and with no gender gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Arbeitszeitpolitik
- Arbeitszeitentwicklung
- Arbeitszeit aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
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Arbeitszeitgestaltung
- gleitende Arbeitszeit
- Vertrauensarbeitszeit
- Arbeitszeitkonten
- Schichtmodelle, Wochenendarbeit
- Langzeiturlaub, Blockfreizeit
- Arbeit auf Abruf, KAPOVAZ
- Bereitschaftsdienst
- Job Sharing, Teilzeit, Altersteilzeit
- Telearbeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit
- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege
- Alter
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug