Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheit von Beschäftigten
Der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbedingungen bzw. Arbeitsbelastungen und der Gesundheit von Beschäftigten erhält durch die demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung und Klimawandel neues Gewicht. Wie muss Arbeit gestaltet sein, damit die Beschäftigten langfristig und gesund erwerbstätig sein können?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert die Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung der letzten Jahre.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
In their own words: What Workers Like and Dislike about their Jobs (2026)
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Belot, Michèle, Xiaoying Liu & Vaios Triantafyllou (2026): In their own words: What Workers Like and Dislike about their Jobs. (CEPR discussion paper / Centre for Economic Policy Research 21044), London, 18 S.
Abstract
"This paper provides novel evidence on the key drivers of job satisfaction. We ask individuals to describe, in their own words, what they like and dislike about their jobs. These open-ended questions allow us to capture what comes to mind most naturally. We analyze the resulting free-text responses using GPT-4 to identify and classify categories of job amenities. Our main study draws on a sample of 500 full-time U.S.-based employees aged 30 to 55. We find that flexible work arrangements, workplace relationships, and autonomy consistently rank among the most valued aspects of work, while poor workplace relationships, long work hours, and heavy workloads dominate the list of dislikes and rank above factors such as pay. Our approach offers a fresh lens on what job amenities workers are most satisfied and dissatisfied with." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Can different types of employee involvement in decision-making suppress the effects of work intensification and job insecurity on employee well-being? An analysis of the European Working Conditions Survey 2021 (2026)
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Boxall, Peter, Gordon W. Cheung, Md Shamirul Islam, Kenneth Cafferkey & Keith Townsend (2026): Can different types of employee involvement in decision-making suppress the effects of work intensification and job insecurity on employee well-being? An analysis of the European Working Conditions Survey 2021. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, S. 1-31. DOI:10.1177/0143831x261421726
Abstract
"Work intensification and job insecurity undermine the quality of working life. To what extent can different types of employee involvement in decision-making ameliorate their impacts on employee well-being? Deploying job demands–resources theory and interrogating the European Working Conditions Survey 2021, this study shows that work intensification and job insecurity reduce well-being via lower work engagement and higher exhaustion. While each enhances job quality, individual organizational influence has a greater effect than task discretion in suppressing the negative effects of work intensification. The largest gains for employee and societal well-being will come through greater worker involvement at this level of participation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Early retirement for workers in physically demanding jobs? An ageing society conundrum (2026)
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Dalen, Hendrik P. van & Kène Henkens (2026): Early retirement for workers in physically demanding jobs? An ageing society conundrum. In: Ageing & Society, Jg. 46, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1017/s0144686x25100378
Abstract
"To what extent should workers in physically demanding jobs be given the possibility of earlier retirement? This is one of the many pressing pension reform issues that ageing societies face. This article examines the extent to which such special treatment is supported by the general public. We uniquely combine a representative survey (2,136 respondents) with a vignette study to explore what respondents in the Netherlands consider a fair public pension age for 29 jobs that differ by level of physical demand. We also examine whether these pension ages are associated with other attributes that are important in an ageing society, such as the presence of chronic health conditions and informal care-giving responsibilities – such attributes may affect support for the special provisions for workers in physically demanding jobs – and control for stereotypical views about older workers. The findings reveal notable differences in public pension ages, indicating that workers in highly physically demanding jobs should be given the opportunity to retire earlier and those working in physically ‘light’ jobs should work slightly beyond the standard public pension age. We compare these differences to existing special retirement programmes for physically demanding or arduous jobs. Interestingly, non-work factors – namely, chronic health conditions and care-giving responsibilities – weigh more heavily in deciding a fair or reasonable public pension age. This suggests that organizations and policy makers facing an ageing society will have to deal with a broader set of problems than can be solved by offering early retirement programmes for specific jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How ICT shapes wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction (2026)
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Fleche, Sarah, Eva Moreno Galbis, Ariell Reshef & Claudia Senik (2026): How ICT shapes wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction. (CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance 2143), London, 59 S.
Abstract
"We study how the widespread diffusion of ICT affects wages, working conditions, and job satisfaction. We frame our empirical investigation with a model in which ICT can improve both wages and working conditions by increasing firms' output. Using French matched employer-employee data and an instrumental variable approach that is motivated by the model, we find that ICT diffusion in 2013-2019 has been beneficial to workers, who experienced both higher wages and better working conditions, particularly through greater flexibility, physical comfort, and safety. In contrast, ICT use has also increased psychological stress and work intensity. These effects vary across workers, firms, occupations and sectors, depending on their characteristics. Despite overall improvements in wages and working conditions, we estimate only modest positive effects of ICT use on job satisfaction. We discuss potential explanations for this finding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employment, health, and health care: When the going gets tough, the tough get going? (2026)
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Garrouste, Clémentine, Alain Paraponaris & Nicolas Sirven (2026): Self-employment, health, and health care: When the going gets tough, the tough get going? In: Economics and Human Biology, Jg. 60. DOI:10.1016/j.ehb.2025.101567
Abstract
"This study provides a life-course analysis of the relationship between self-employment, health, and health care use among individuals aged 50 and older in Europe. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we apply first-difference and dynamic panel data models that go beyond standard approaches in mitigating endogeneity concerns. Our findings show that the self-employed enjoy better health at younger ages, consistent with a selection effect. In addition, they experience a steeper decline in physical health over time. We also document two distinct phases of health care use: during working life, the self-employed are more likely to be hospitalised, suggesting delayed care until acute needs arise; after retirement, the number of medical visits increases, consistent with a lower opportunity cost of care." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Associations Between Employment and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews (2026)
Gerdes, Ryan ; Doroshenko, Alexander ; Els, Charl ; Jackson, Tanya D. ; Gross, Douglas P. ; Lytvyak, Ellina ; Straube, Sebastian ; Hagtvedt, Reidar ; Burton, A. Kim ; Roberts, Richard ; Dennett, Liz ; Deibert, Danika ;Zitatform
Gerdes, Ryan, Tanya D. Jackson, Richard Roberts, Ellina Lytvyak, Danika Deibert, Liz Dennett, A. Kim Burton, Douglas P. Gross, Charl Els, Alexander Doroshenko, Reidar Hagtvedt & Sebastian Straube (2026): Associations Between Employment and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews. In: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1007/s10926-025-10357-5
Abstract
"The subject of employment as a determinant of health has received considerable attention from researchers. To our knowledge, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on the health effects of employment has not been completed in almost 20 years. This systematic review aimed to provide an up-to-date summary of the associations between employment status and any measurable domain of health. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and APA PsycINFO. We included peer-reviewed, full-text systematic reviews or overviews published in English between January 2012 and November 2024. Two reviewers independently screened resultant publications and extracted data from those found eligible for the review. Our search yielded 1862 reviews and meta-analyses, 49 of which were eligible for synthesis. Employment status was associated with several health domains including general health and wellbeing, mental health, alcohol and substance use disorders, cardiovascular health, systemic inflammation, sleep quality, cognitive functioning, and mortality. Being employed was almost universally associated with favourable physical and mental health outcomes, with evidence to suggest re-employment may facilitate improvements in health after a period of unemployment. Socioeconomic status was a notable factor which affected health outcomes for both employed and unemployed people, illustrative of social gradients in health. Insecure or low-quality work demonstrated the potential to override identified health benefits of work. Heterogeneity in the operationalization of employment across publications, and the influence of survivorship bias on health outcomes highlights a task for future research to establish causality in the relationship between employment status and health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Bleiben, gehen oder weniger arbeiten? Arbeitsqualität und berufliche Veränderungswünsche in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen (2026)
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Hall, Anja & Ana Santiago-Vela (2026): Bleiben, gehen oder weniger arbeiten? Arbeitsqualität und berufliche Veränderungswünsche in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 79, H. 1, S. 53-61. DOI:10.5771/0342-300x-2026-1-53
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen ist angesichts der Fachkräfteengpässe in diesen systemrelevanten Bereichen ein zentrales Thema, das durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verstärkt in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit gerückt ist. Dieser Beitrag untersucht auf Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragungen für die Jahre 2018 und 2024 die Entwicklung der Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen und anderen Berufen. Zudem werden die Auswirkungen unbesetzter Stellen im Arbeitsumfeld auf die Berufswechselabsicht und den Wunsch nach Arbeitszeitverkürzung analysiert, sowie die Rolle von Arbeitsqualitätsmerkmalen in diesem Zusammenhang betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Arbeitsqualität in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen nach der Covid-19-Pandemie kaum verändert hat, während sie sich in anderen Berufen in vielen Bereichen verbesserte. Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufe zeichnen sich weiterhin durch hohe Anforderungen und eingeschränkte Autonomie sowie geringere Zufriedenheit mit dem Einkommen aus, zugleich jedoch auch durch höhere Zufriedenheit mit den Lernmöglichkeiten am Arbeitsplatz. Unbesetzte Stellen werden in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen häufiger nicht besetzt, was die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Arbeitszeitverkürzung erhöht. Dies wiederum verschärft das Problem des Fachkräftemangels." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland - Erweiterung des Analysepotenzials (2026)
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Hünefeld, Lena, Alper Eker & Sophie Teborg (2026): Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland - Erweiterung des Analysepotenzials. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1007/s00103-026-04202-0
Abstract
"Einleitung: Eine fundierte und inklusive Gestaltung von Arbeitsplätzen erfordert eingehendes Wissen über die Arbeitssituation – erfasst durch geeignete, aktuelle Indikatoren. Befragungsdaten ermöglichen eine differenzierte Beschreibung dieser Situation und das Nachvollziehen von Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine systematische Übersicht über Großbefragungen zur Arbeitssituation von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung und Behinderung in Deutschland sowie eine Untersuchung des Analysepotenzials. Methoden: Insgesamt 15 Großbefragungen, die eine Identifizierung von Personen mit Beeinträchtigung ermöglichen und Informationen zur Arbeitssituation liefern, wurden systematisch analysiert. Dabei wurden die Befragungen anhand eines induktiv und deduktiv entwickelten Kategoriensystems betrachtet, das die Themen „Beeinträchtigung/Behinderung“, „Arbeitssituation“ und „individuelle Merkmale“ abdeckt. Ferner wurde unterschieden, ob die Befragungen die Zielgruppen „Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung“, „Menschen mit selbsteingeschätzter Behinderung“ und/oder „Menschen mit fremdeingeschätzter Behinderung“ einbeziehen. Ergebnisse: Für den Zeitraum 2018 bis 2024 lassen sich 7 relevante Befragungen identifizieren, die in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß differenzierte Informationen zu allen 3 Zielgruppen und ihrer Arbeitssituation auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt enthalten. Diskussion: Deutlich werden Lücken in den Befragungsdaten, insbesondere im Hinblick auf inklusive betriebliche Rahmenbedingungen oder Arbeitsplatzanpassungen. Bestehende Großerhebungen müssten daher systematisch erweitert werden – inhaltlich durch differenzierte Items, aberauch methodisch durch inklusive Stichproben und Erhebungsdesigns." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis (2026)
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Kaboth, Arthur & Sophie-Charlotte Meyer (2026): Multiple work demands and early retirement intention in Germany: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 23, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s10433-026-00915-y
Abstract
"The present study examines the association between (multiple) physical and psychosocial work demands and the preference for early retirement among older German employees. The analyses are based on data from five waves (2015–2023) of the BAuA-Working Time Survey, including 32,686 person-year observations. The dependent variable is a binary indicator reflecting preference for early retirement versus statutory or later retirement. Cross-sectional analyses apply linear probability models (LPM) per wave, while longitudinal effects are assessed using pooled OLS (POLS), random-effects (RE), and fixed-effects (FE) estimators. Robustness checks include controls for health and job satisfaction. Cross-sectional models show positive and mostly significant associations between both physical and psychosocial work demands with early retirement preference. Psychosocial demands, particularly workload pressure and emotional demands, are consistently strong predictors. In longitudinal FE analysis, multiple psychosocial work demands remain meaningful and significant. The findings underscore the importance of multiple simultaneous psychosocial job demands, rather than only focusing on isolated working conditions, in shaping early retirement preferences. Despite modest coefficient sizes, these results based on retirement intentions (not actual exit decisions) highlight the necessity of a life-course perspective and targeted interventions to promote sustainable working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure (2026)
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Lightman, Naomi & Anthony Kevins (2026): When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 150-164. DOI:10.1177/09589287251356978
Abstract
"This study examines whether, and under what conditions, unpaid and paid care work are associated with reduced psychological wellbeing. The article begins by laying out a shared theoretical framework for understanding the psychological consequences of care among both unpaid and paid carers. It then tests the empirical implications of this framework, conducting multi-level model analysis of European Quality of Life Survey and European Social Survey data and: (1) disaggregating care work based on (a) the care recipient – i.e., adults or children – for unpaid carers and (b) the level of occupational professionalization for paid carers; and (2) examining the potential intervening role of social expenditure. Findings demonstrate that unpaid caring for adults (though not children) is associated with a marginal decrease in psychological wellbeing, but that this dynamic is limited to countries with smaller welfare states. Among paid care workers, only paraprofessionals are found to have lower levels of psychological wellbeing than comparable non-care workers – but here again increased social expenditure appears to have a significant buffering effect. Together, results reinforce the need for robust social spending to mitigate negative psychological consequences of care, while adding important nuance regarding the relevance of the type of care work being performed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From the policy of humanization to labour flexibilization: the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (from the 1970s to the 1980s) (2026)
Llanos-Reyes, Claudio; Horstmann, Anna;Zitatform
Llanos-Reyes, Claudio & Anna Horstmann (2026): From the policy of humanization to labour flexibilization: the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (from the 1970s to the 1980s). In: Labor history, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 240-256. DOI:10.1080/0023656x.2025.2477149
Abstract
"This paper examines how proposals for the ‘humanization of work,’ aimed at improving working conditions, were increasingly overshadowed by labor flexibilization during the 1980s. Using Germany as a case study, it explores the Federal Government’s 1974 ‘Humanization of Work’ initiative and its evolution amidst rising unemployment, technological change and neoliberal influence. Labor flexibilization, exemplified by debates over working hours, displaced efforts to improve the quality of working life. This transition reflects a broader historical shift from policies supporting worker protections to those favouring capitalist accumulation and deregulation. By analyzing political, academic and trade union perspectives from the 1970s and 1980s, this paper highlights how neoliberal agendas reshaped labor relations, diminishing the focus on worker-centered approaches. These findings underscore pivotal changes in labour policies and their lasting impact on work and workers’ rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wages and Work Pressure (2026)
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Nagler, Markus & Erwin Winkler (2026): Minimum Wages and Work Pressure. (CESifo working paper 12460), München, 27 S.
Abstract
"A large literature investigates the employment effects of minimum wages, with comparatively little evidence on other adjustment margins. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a nationwide introduction of minimum wages in Germany on employer-induced work pressure, using detailed worker-level survey data. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we show that the introduction of minimum wages increased work pressure in occupations more exposed to the minimum wage. The increase in work pressure cannot be explained by compositional changes in terms of demographics, job complexity, or hours worked." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces (2026)
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Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Giulia Santangelo (2026): Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 2026,01), Luxembourg, 163 S. DOI:10.2801/9894877
Abstract
"New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU economies as individuals’ upskilling or reskilling is failing to adapt. To deepen understanding of how digitalisation is affecting the nature of work and skill mismatches in EU labour markets, Cedefop carried out the second wave of the European skills and jobs survey in 2021. In this special edition of Cedefop’s working paper series, ten original, short contributions have been drafted in which researchers explore in depth, for the first time, the ESJS2 microdata. The publication presents a wealth of focused and robust empirical analyses, covering a wide range of different issues on how the digital transition is affecting jobs, skills and training in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany (2026)
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Prel, Jean-Baptist du, Johannes Siegrist, Max Rohrbacher & Hans Martin Hasselhorn (2026): Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany. In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Jg. 61, H. 3, S. 485-495. DOI:10.1007/s00127-025-03005-z
Abstract
"Previous prospective findings of elevated risk of depression following exposure to stressful work in terms of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) were based on a single exposure measurement. With this study, we set out to analyse longitudinal associations of single and twofold exposure measurement with depression among middle-aged employees. Data were derived from the first two waves (2011 and 2014) of the prospective lidA cohort study in Germany, including 3,104 middle-aged employed men and women. Participants with depression at baseline were excluded. Work stress (effort-reward ER) ratio and work-related over-commitment (WOC) and depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory) were assessed at both waves. Time-invariant (birth year, sex, education) and time-varying covariates (employment, control, physical health) were adjusted for. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of depression for single or twofold high exposure, and generalized estimation equations (GEE) to analyze mean associations between moderate and high exposure and outcome over both waves. 5.9% of male and 9.8% of female participants experienced depression during the observation period. Cases were more frequent among those scoring high on work stress measures, those with poor physical health and part-time work. In the fully adjusted GEE model, the estimated risk ratio of depression was 1.60 (95%-CI: 1.05; 2.44) for moderate and 2.49 (1.67; 3.71) for high exposure to ERI work stress on average over time. Similar effects were observed for WOC. Elevated risk ratios of depression were observed in associations with moderate and high exposure to stressful work (ERI) over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The call on Sunday: Work-related communication during off-work hours and employee experiences (2026)
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Shvartsman, Elena, Susanne Steffes, Philipp Grunau & Sabine Sonnentag (2026): The call on Sunday: Work-related communication during off-work hours and employee experiences. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 245. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107500
Abstract
"We utilize longitudinal data from Germany to examine how work-related communication during off-work time is associated with employees’ experiential outcomes in terms of work-to-family conflict, mental health, and job satisfaction. Our rich data allow us to estimate a long-term association net of various confounding factors using individual fixed effects regressions. We find a strong positive association between off-work communication and work-to-family conflict; however, we cannot establish statistically significant relationships with mental health or job satisfaction. Moreover, once we include a set of job and personal characteristics and control for unobserved individual time-invariant heterogeneity, the coefficient estimate for the relationship between off-work communication and work-to-family conflict, albeit still significant, substantially drops in size. We conclude that previous studies may have overestimated the relationship between off-work communication and the experiential outcome variables considered in this study." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From Past to Present: How Recessions Shape Job Loss Perceptions in Europe (2026)
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Sintos, Andreas & Michael Chletsos (2026): From Past to Present: How Recessions Shape Job Loss Perceptions in Europe. In: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 73, H. 2. DOI:10.1111/sjpe.70043
Abstract
"Past recessions can leave enduring marks on how individuals perceive labor market risks. Drawing on survey data from 29 European countries, this article shows that recessions experienced between ages 18 and 33 heighten perceptions of job loss risk well into adulthood. The persistence of these scars depends on context: education mitigates them, technological change amplifies them, and stronger labor market protections weaken them. The findings suggest that early macroeconomic experiences shape not only economic outcomes but also persistent attitudes toward job security, with implications for resilience and policy design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job exposures, employer characteristics, and risk of reduced work capacity: a 10-year cohort study of Norwegian workers (2026)
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Ulstein, Julie, Cedric Andersen Lyngroth & Åsmund Hermansen (2026): Job exposures, employer characteristics, and risk of reduced work capacity: a 10-year cohort study of Norwegian workers. In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jg. 99, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02195-y
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures on risk of reduced work capacity in a complete cohort of Norwegian workers, and examines whether this impact varies by employer sector, size, and organizational policies. Using high-quality Norwegian registry data, we followed a cohort of workers from age 40 over a ten-year period. Biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures were estimated using two validated job exposure matrices. Individuals with a prior history of reduced work capacity were excluded to limit confounding. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we assessed the association between levels of job exposure and risk of reduced work capacity, including moderation analyses by employer characteristics. Both biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures were significantly associated with reduced work capacity, particularly among the top 60% of exposed workers. While employer size and organizational policies somewhat moderated this impact, their influence was inconsistent. Notably, policies aimed at retaining workers with reduced capacity did not appear to mitigate the impact of the job exposures, while there was no variation in impact according to employer sector. Biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures are associated with an increased risk of reduced work capacity, with some variation in impact according to employer characteristics. These results indicate the importance of exposure-reducing interventions in the workplace, especially in occupations with high levels of biomechanical and psychosocial exposures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Psychische Belastung bei Polizeibeschäftigten (2026)
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(2026): Psychische Belastung bei Polizeibeschäftigten. (Kompakt : DGB-Index Gute Arbeit 2026,01), Berlin, 10 S.
Abstract
"Die Arbeit von Polizistinnen und Polizisten ist durch besondere Anforderungen gekennzeichnet. Ihre Tätigkeit ist durch Kommunikation und Interaktion mit anderen Menschen geprägt. Dabei kann es zu Konflikten und auch zu körperlichen Auseinandersetzungen kommen. Die damit verbundenen Anforderungen und Belastungen sind Gegenstand der Auswertung des DGB-Index Gute Arbeit "Psychische Belastung bei Polizeibeschäftigten". In den Befragungsdaten wird die Konflikthaftigkeit der Polizeiarbeit deutlich sichtbar. Die Hälfte der befragten Polizist*innen gibt an, bei der Arbeit sehr häufig oder oft Konflikten ausgesetzt zu sein. Bei Beschäftigten aus anderen Berufsgruppen liegt der Anteil im Durchschnitt bei 14 Prozent. Auch von respektloser Behandlung sind Polizist*innen häufiger betroffen als die Angehörigen anderer Berufe. Hohe Werte weisen Polizist*innen auch bei arbeitsbedingten psychischen Belastungen auf. Zeitdruck und widersprüchliche Anforderungen werden jeweils von mehr als der Hälfte der Befragten berichtet. Arbeitsverdichtung betrifft mehr als 40 Prozent in (sehr) hohem Maß. Die Auswertung belegt die starken psychischen und emotionalen Belastungen, mit denen Polizeibeschäftigte bei ihrer Tätigkeit konfrontiert sind, und die Notwendigkeit an einer präventiven und gesundheitsförderlichen Arbeitsgestaltung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Bullying in education: Prevalence, impact and responses across countries (2026)
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(2026): Bullying in education: Prevalence, impact and responses across countries. (OECD education working papers 341), Paris, 56 S. DOI:10.1787/d9f8bd9f-en
Abstract
"Bullying, whether in person or online, is a barrier to inclusive, high-quality education and to cohesive societies. This OECD working paper documents bullying prevalence and trends across OECD and accession countries between 2015 and 2022, using PISA data. Regression analyses point to marked disparities in bullying exposure across student groups, with socio-economically advantaged boys with an immigrant background facing particularly elevated risks. The paper also synthesises evidence on how bullying can harm individual students, and how these individual effects can spill over to schools and, over time, generate wider social and economic costs. It then reviews strategies to prevent and respond to bullying, encompassing both national-level policies and school-based initiatives. The paper concludes with policy implications concerning a coherent anti-bullying system-level strategy, strengthened school staff capacity, school interventions combining universal prevention with targeted support, routine prevalence monitoring and robust impact evaluations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health, wage rate and the optimal treatment strategy (2025)
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Alfano, Maria Rosaria, Salvatore Ciucci & Nicola Spagnolo (2025): Health, wage rate and the optimal treatment strategy. In: Journal of Economic Studies, S. 1-12. DOI:10.1108/jes-12-2024-0845
Abstract
"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between wages and health, with the objective of identifying the conditions under which an optimal treatment strategy can minimize financial resource waste. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a foundational labor economics model that integrates wages, leisure, and health. This theoretical approach is supported by a panel threshold econometric analysis using data from 20 OECD countries over the period 2003 to 2022. Findings: The analysis reveals that the effect of wages on health status is heterogeneous, with both positive and negative impacts depending on the wage level. A specific range of wage rates is identified in which disease prevention is more efficient than treatment. The econometric results indicate a threshold wage rate of $28.517, which corroborates the theoretical model. Research limitations/implications: The analysis is constrained by data availability, limiting the sample to 20 OECD countries. Practical implications: The findings offer policy-relevant insights for public health authorities, emphasizing the importance of choosing appropriate treatment strategies to reduce negative externalities. The results also underscore the necessity of designing income-sensitive interventions to enhance public health outcomes. Originality/value: This study is the first to provide a unified theoretical and empirical explanation of the dual effects, both beneficial and adverse, that higher wage rates can have on health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Hidden Costs of Dismissal: Behavioral Consequences of Impending Termination (2025)
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Alfitian, Jakob & Timo Vogelsang (2025): The Hidden Costs of Dismissal: Behavioral Consequences of Impending Termination. In: Journal of labor economics. DOI:10.1086/737997
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of impending termination on employee behavior, using comprehensive data from 3,340 employees of a retail chain. Employees who were dismissed exhibit a sharp increase in absenteeism around the time they were given notice. In contrast, employees who resigned show only a moderate increase in absenteeism toward the end of their employment relationship, which is, however, not particularly pronounced around the time they gave notice. The conclusion of a mutual termination agreement between the employer and the employee even tends to be followed by a decrease in absenteeism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model through the eyes of financial advisers: A scoping review (2025)
Arthur, Phoebe; Morrison, Ben; Earl, Joanne K.;Zitatform
Arthur, Phoebe, Ben Morrison & Joanne K. Earl (2025): The Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model through the eyes of financial advisers: A scoping review. In: Australian journal of management. DOI:10.1177/03128962251350337
Abstract
"This scoping review examines the job demands and resources impacting financial advisers through the lens of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Given the significant challenges facing financial advisers, this review identifies key factors contributing to job stress, satisfaction and turnover in the profession. A comprehensive desktop review and thematic analysis of 53 peer-reviewed articles revealed core job demands such as compliance, emotional strain, and work overload, alongside critical job resources like professional development, support and technology. In addition, personal resources, including self-efficacy and optimism, are explored as potential moderators. The findings offer insights into the complex dynamics within the financial advisory industry, providing a foundation for future studies that may look to enhance job satisfaction and retention." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fehlzeiten-Report 2025: KI und Gesundheit - Möglichkeiten nutzen, Risiken bewältigen, Orientierung geben (2025)
Zitatform
Badura, Bernhard, Antje Ducki, Markus Meyer, Johanna Baumgardt & Helmut Schröder (Hrsg.) (2025): Fehlzeiten-Report 2025. KI und Gesundheit - Möglichkeiten nutzen, Risiken bewältigen, Orientierung geben. (Fehlzeiten-Report 27), Berlin: Springer, 735 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-71885-8
Abstract
"Der jährlich erscheinende Fehlzeiten-Report informiert umfassend über die Entwicklung des Krankenstandes von Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Neben detaillierten Sekundäranalysen von Versichertendaten werden empirische Studienergebnisse, zeitgemäße methodische Herangehensweisen und Leuchtturmprojekte der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung vorgestellt. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller technischer Entwicklungen beleuchtet der Fehlzeiten-Report 2025 schwerpunktmäßig Chancen und Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Arbeitswelt. Er bietet einen orientierenden Überblick zu den Auswirkungen des Einsatzes von KI auf die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung, Arbeitsumgebungen, Führung und Beschäftigte in Organisationen und erörtert aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven u.a die folgenden Fragen: - Wie kann KI so zum Einsatz gebracht werden, dass die menschlichen Fähigkeiten erweitert und gleichzeitig die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten und die individuelle Privatsphäre geschützt werden? - Wie gelingt die Entwicklung von KI-Systemen, in denen Mensch und Maschine produktiv zusammenarbeiten? - Welche wissenschaftlich fundierten Lösungsansätze zum menschen- und gesundheitszentrierten Umgang mit KI gibt es im Arbeitsschutz und der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung? Darüber hinaus liefert der Fehlzeiten-Report 2025 in gewohnter Qualität Daten und Analysen zu Fehlzeiten von Beschäftigten in Deutschland: - Aktuelle Statistiken zum Krankenstand in allen Branchen - Vergleichende Analysen nach Berufsgruppen, Bundesländern und Städten - Die wichtigsten für Arbeitsunfähigkeit verantwortlichen Krankheitsarten - Detaillierte Auswertungen u.a. zu Arbeitsunfällen, Langzeitarbeitsunfähigkeit, Burnout und Kinderkrankengeld. Zudem gibt es vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Diskussion um hohe Fehlzeiten einen Beitrag zur Einführung von Karenztagen und möglichen Effekten einer Absenkung der Lohnersatzrate." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Health patterns in the working population: latent class analysis of physical and psychological complaints in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Beller, Johannes, Batoul Safieddine, Julia Grasshoff & Jelena Epping (2025): Health patterns in the working population: latent class analysis of physical and psychological complaints in Germany. In: Journal of Public Health, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1007/s10389-025-02472-7
Abstract
"Aim: This study aimed to identify distinct patterns of health complaints among German workers and investigate their associations with socioeconomic factors. Subject and methods: Latent class analysis was performed on data from the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey, which included 19,320 employed respondents aged 15 years and above. The analysis considered 21 physical and psychological health complaints, such as headache, back pain, fatigue, irritability, and depressiveness. The identified health complaint classes were compared via sociodemographic indicators, including age, gender, occupation, working hours, and education. Results: Four classes of health complaints were identified: “Low Overall Complaints” (low prevalence of all complaints; 40% of the sample), “Physical Complaints” (high prevalence of physical complaints but low prevalence of psychological complaints; 25% of the sample), “Psychological Complaints” (high prevalence of psychological complaints but low prevalence of physical complaints; 20% of the sample), and “High Overall Complaints” (high prevalence of both physical and psychological complaints; 15% of the sample). The classes differed most strongly according to occupational group, gender and education. Participants in high-skilled white-collar occupations were more likely to belong to the Low Overall Complaints and Psychological Complaints classes, while those in blue-collar occupations were more likely to belong to the Physical Complaints and High Overall Complaints classes. Conclusion: This study revealed four distinct patterns of health complaints in the German working population, differing in severity (low symptom burden vs. high symptom burden) as well as content (physical vs. psychological symptoms). A substantial proportion of workers experienced multiple physical, psychological, or overall health issues (60%). The differences between the classes were primarily related to occupation, highlighting the importance of occupational health research for public health. As the world of work evolves with an increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar occupations, a rise in psychological health complaints is anticipated in the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health trends among workers in Germany and the role of changing job activities and working conditions (2025)
Zitatform
Beller, Johannes, Julia Grasshoff, Batoul Safieddine & Stefanie Sperlich (2025): Health trends among workers in Germany and the role of changing job activities and working conditions. In: Scientific Reports, Jg. 15, H. 1. DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-25692-z
Abstract
"Previous studies have found some evidence for worsening health trends in working age adults. This study aims to further investigate the time trends in self-rated health among workers and explore the potential role of changes in job activities and working conditions in explaining these trends. Data from the BIBB/BAuA Employment Surveys conducted in 2006, 2012, and 2018 were analyzed (N = 53,747, age 15+). The study variables included self-rated health as the dependent variable, and time period, age, gender, education, working hours, physical work activities, cognitive work activities, ergonomic working conditions, environmental working conditions, work intensity, work control, and work support as predictors. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were employed to study the associations between these variables and self-rated health over time periods. The findings revealed a significant deterioration in self-rated health among workers over the study period, alongside an aging and more educated workforce. Additionally, several working conditions and work activities underwent changes, with work becoming generally less physically demanding and more cognitively and psychosocially demanding. The changes in job activities and working conditions partly explained the negative trends in self-rated health, with work control and environmental conditions being most important. In conclusion, worsening trends in self-rated health among the working population were found. While changes in the world of work (especially perceived work control and hazardous environmental conditions) contribute to these trends, they constitute only part of the explanation. Further research is needed to identify further intermediary determinants driving these trends and develop targeted interventions to promote worker health and well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Harmonised BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2006, 2012 and 2018 (H-ETB) (2025)
Zitatform
Berk, Beatrice van & Anett Friedrich (2025): The Harmonised BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2006, 2012 and 2018 (H-ETB). In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 245, H. 3, S. 351-361. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2024-0048
Abstract
"The BIBB/BAuA Employment Surveys 2006, 2012 and 2018 are large cross-sections of the working population on qualification and working conditions in Germany and many publications are based on them. The data covers a wide range of topics, including information on occupations, education, job tasks, working conditions, job satisfaction and health status. A new harmonized dataset now compiles these three surveys into one file. The harmonized BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey (H-ETB) simplifies the use of the surveys for analyzes over time and analyzes of the pooled data. The dataset includes 60,048 cases and all variables that were surveyed in each wave in a harmonized form. The paper outlines the subject and methodology of the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey as well as the harmonization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental well-being and work capacity: a cross-sectional study in a sample of the Swedish working population (2025)
Blomberg, Agneta ; Staland-Nyman, Carin ; Björk, Lisa ; Hensing, Gunnel ; Bertilsson, Monica ; Ståhl, Christian ;Zitatform
Blomberg, Agneta, Gunnel Hensing, Monica Bertilsson, Carin Staland-Nyman, Christian Ståhl & Lisa Björk (2025): Mental well-being and work capacity: a cross-sectional study in a sample of the Swedish working population. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-24015-1
Abstract
"Background: Mental health problems are common in the working-age population. More knowledge is needed on how to support work participation and reduce sickness absence. The objective of the study was to estimate the distribution of mental well-being and work capacity in women and men in a working population and assess the association between mental well-being and work capacity, while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and working positions. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected through an online survey distributed to individuals who were currently working. The study population consisted of 8462 employees (58% women). The WHO-5 Mental Well-being Index (scale ranging from 0 to 100 with higher scores representing a better mental well-being) and the Capacity to Work Instrument (C2WI) (scale ranging from 14 to 56 with higher scores representing a more strained work capacity) were used. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were used to assess the associations between self-perceived mental well-being and capacity to work, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and working positions. Results: Low self-perceived mental well-being and strained work capacity were more common among women, particularly younger aged (18–34 years). Poor health status was associated with strained work capacity in both men and women. Regression analyses showed that lower self-perceived mental well-being was significantly associated with strained work capacity. Among women, the fully adjusted model showed a regression coefficient (B) of − 0.253 (95% CI: −0.264 to − 0.242); among men, it was − 0.225 (95% CI: −0.237 to − 0.213). Conclusions: This study, focusing on a currently working population, identified disparities in self-perceived mental well-being and work capacity across gender and age groups. These findings underscore the importance of early workplace interventions to support mental well-being and work capacity in these sub-groups. Notably, the association between the WHO-5 and C2WI may be partly attributable to item-level overlap, as certain C2WI items may capture symptoms related to mental health. This potential overlap should be considered when interpreting the findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021 (2025)
Zitatform
Blomgren, Jenni & Riku Perhoniemi (2025): Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021. In: BMJ open, Jg. 15, H. 2. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098001
Abstract
"Objectives: To examine the prevalence and days of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) by occupational class and by most important diagnostic groups in Finland during 2011–2021. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: National comprehensive register data were linked for all employed persons and entrepreneurs in Finland aged 25–64 for years 2011–2021 (yearly number of individuals in the study population around 2 million persons). Main outcome measures: LTSA was measured by sickness allowance that covers over 10-day long absences. Yearly age-standardised LTSA prevalences and average number of LTSA days were calculated for women and men in four occupational classes, separately for all-cause LTSA and LTSA due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. Modified Poisson regression and negative binomial regression models were run to assess relative differences between occupational classes, adjusted for age, marital status, education and region of residence. Results: All-cause LTSA slightly decreased between years 2011 and 2021, but the trends varied by occupational class and diagnostic group. LTSA due to mental disorders increased in all occupational classes after 2016 among both sexes, while LTSA due to musculoskeletal diseases and injuries continued to decrease in all occupational classes. The increase in LTSA due to mental disorders was largest among lower non-manual employees, especially among women, whereby all-cause LTSA prevalence among female lower non-manual employees reached the level of female manual workers. Men showed broadly similar trends, but manual workers still had the highest all-cause LTSA prevalence at the end of the study period. The main results were similar adjusted for covariates. Conclusions: The magnitude and order of the occupational-class differences in LTSA changed between 2011 and 2021, along with increasing LTSA due to mental disorders, especially among employees, and decreasing LTSA due to somatic diagnoses, especially among manual workers. Occupational-class differences should be taken into account when aiming to prevent LTSA and especially further increases in LTSA due to mental disorders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gute Arbeit in Berlin: Ergebnisse einer Beschäftigtenbefragung im Rahmen des ‚DGB-Index Gute Arbeit‘ (2025)
Brunsen, Hendrik; Busse, Britta; Wolnik, Kevin; Wenzel, Lisbeth;Zitatform
Brunsen, Hendrik, Britta Busse, Kevin Wolnik & Lisbeth Wenzel (2025): Gute Arbeit in Berlin. Ergebnisse einer Beschäftigtenbefragung im Rahmen des ‚DGB-Index Gute Arbeit‘. Berlin, 119 S.
Abstract
"Die Ergebnisse zeigen, an welchen Stellen Beschäftigte ausgebremst oder benachteiligt werden und wo gewonnene Energie eingebüßt wird, aber auch was Beschäftigte an ihrer Arbeit schätzen und woraus sie Motivation und Antrieb ziehen. Dazu wurden beispielsweise Fragen zu den Themen Personalmangel, Einkommen und flexible Arbeitszeiten gestellt und diese unter anderem nach Gleichstellungskriterien ausgewertet. Als Senatorin für Arbeit, Soziales, Gleichstellung, Integration, Vielfalt und Antidiskriminierung ist es mir besonders wichtig, arbeitsmarktrelevante Verbesserungen anzustoßen. Für weitergehende Überlegungen und Diskussionen bieten die vorliegenden Daten eine hervorragende Grundlage. Wobei auch klar ist: Es geht um mehr als Zahlen - es geht um Menschen. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass 47 Prozent der Beschäftigten in Berlin in (sehr) hohem Maß von den Folgen des Personalmangels betroffen sind. Besonders deutlich wird dieser Mangel in den Gesundheitsberufen, den Informatikberufen, den naturwissenschaftlichen Berufen sowie in den Verkehrs-, Logistik-, Sicherheits- und Reinigungsberufen bemerkbar. Für Beschäftigte heißt dies häufig zusätzliche Aufgaben und Überlastung, was zur Verschlechterung der Arbeitsbedingungen und der Arbeitsqualität sowie zu sinkender Arbeitszufriedenheit führen kann. Die Umbrüche durch Digitalisierung, demographischen Wandel und die klimagerechte Transformation von Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt werden branchenbezogene Personal- und Fachkräftebedarfe weiter erhöhen. Der Senat arbeitet auch vor diesem Hintergrund an einer umfassenden Fachkräftestrategie, die Unternehmen und Beschäftigte bei der Transformation unterstützt, bisher ungenutzte Fachkräftepotentiale erschließt und die Aus- und Weiterbildung künftiger Fachkräfte befördern soll. Schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen und Unzufriedenheit der Beschäftigten haben unterschiedliche Ursachen. Eine der am häufigsten angegebenen Belastungsgründe ist eine nicht auskömmliche Bezahlung. Insgesamt 78 Prozent der Befragten, die ihr Einkommen als nicht ausreichend einschätzen, fühlen sich davon (eher) stark belastet. Männer fühlen sich von geringerer Bezahlung stärker belastet. Frauen sind aber in der Regel diejenigen, die durchschnittlich weniger Einkommen erzielen. So lag der Gender-Pay-Gap 2024 immer noch bei 16 Prozent. Um die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf besser meistern zu können, sind neben der Bezahlung auch alternative Unterstützungsangebote von Arbeitgebenden wie die Nutzung von Homeoffice oder flexible Arbeitszeiten insbesondere für Beschäftigte, die Care Arbeit leisten, sehr wichtig. Vornehmlich in Bezug auf Homeoffice ist hier in über der Hälfte der Betriebe noch Luft nach oben. Ein umso erfreulicheres Ergebnis der Befragung ist, dass sich insgesamt nur sehr wenige Befragte Sorgen um ihre berufliche Zukunft machen. Es ist besonders wichtig, in Mitarbeitende zu investieren und sie weiterzubilden, um ihnen Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit neuen Entwicklungen wie künstlicher Intelligenz mitzugeben." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Relative Importance of the Establishment in the Determination of Job Quality (2025)
Zitatform
Bryson, Alex, John Forth & Francis Green (2025): The Relative Importance of the Establishment in the Determination of Job Quality. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17724), Bonn, 44 S.
Abstract
"Using linked employer-employee data from the British Workplace Employment Relations Survey we examine how much of the variation in job quality is accounted for by establishment-level variation, and the relative importance of the establishment compared with occupation and employee characteristics. We do so for pay, six dimensions of non-pay job quality and overall job quality. We show that the establishment is the dominant explanatory factor for non-pay job quality, and as important as occupation in accounting for pay. Where you work accounts for between 38% and 76% of the explained variance in job quality, depending on the dimension. We also find that establishments which are 'good' on one dimension of non-pay job quality are 'good' on others. When we relate the estimated establishment effects (after allowing for the effects of occupation and of employee characteristics) to observed establishment characteristics, we find that non-pay job quality is greater in smaller establishments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Accident-Induced Absence from Work and Wage Growth (2025)
Zitatform
Bíró, Anikó, Márta Bisztray, Joao Galindo da Fonseca & Timea Laura Molnar (2025): Accident-Induced Absence from Work and Wage Growth. In: Journal of labor economics, S. 1-93. DOI:10.1086/739202
Abstract
"To analyze how short absences from work affect workers’ labor trajectory, we use linkedemployer-employee administrative data from Hungary with rich administrative health records, and unexpected and mild accidents with no permanent labor productivity losses as exogenous drivers of short absences. Our Event Study results show that, relative to the counterfactual of no accident, short (1–5-months long) periods of absence after accidents decrease wages by 1 percent in the first two years after return to work, which are driven by missed internal promotions in small firms and missed opportunities to move to higher-paying firms for workers in large firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious employment and gender-based violence against migrant women: A scoping review mapping the intersections (2025)
Chadambuka, Cyndirela ; Raghunauth, Rhea; Arora, Navya; Essue, Beverley M. ; Namyalo, Prossy Kiddu ; Kouyoumdjian, Fiona;Zitatform
Chadambuka, Cyndirela, Prossy Kiddu Namyalo, Rhea Raghunauth, Navya Arora, Fiona Kouyoumdjian & Beverley M. Essue (2025): Precarious employment and gender-based violence against migrant women. A scoping review mapping the intersections. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 20, H. 12. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0337690
Abstract
"The risk of gender-based violence (GBV) against migrant women is largely exacerbated by precarious employment opportunities available to them as they go through the resettlement process. Despite the risk that the connection of precarious employment and GBV pose to migrant women’s health and wellbeing, critical gaps exist in literature. Our scoping review sought to identify and synthesize evidence on the interconnectedness of GBV and precarious employment among migrant women. Six electronic databases were searched for empirical literature and two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract and full text screening of studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data synthesis was guided by the intersectionality theory and the Feminist Political Economy framework. 50 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Our findings reveal that precarious employment plays both a catalytic and consequential role in GBV. Findings highlighted how post-migration shifts in gender roles, schedule unpredictability leading to work-life imbalance, and debt bondage trap migrant women in cycles of exploitation and abuse. Few studies highlighted how human trafficking is intertwined with precarious labor markets, where the exploitation and abuse of migrant women mirror the characteristics of human trafficking. This review underscores the urgent need for integrated policy responses that are not only focused on individual supports but also address the structural drivers or labor precarity and protect migrant women from GBV and human trafficking. By applying an intersectional lens, policies and intervention programs can tackle systemic oppression across economic, and social systems essential in reducing exploitation and abuse to advance migrant women’s wellbeing." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disability onset and labor market outcomes (2025)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Karolin Hiesinger & Laura Pohlan (2025): Disability onset and labor market outcomes. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 2033-2064., 2025-03-08. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwaf021
Abstract
"This article analyzes the individual-level effects of disability onset on labor market outcomes using novel administrative data from Germany. Combining propensity score matching techniques with an event-study design, we find lasting negative impacts on employment and wages. One important mechanism is transitions to nonemployment after disability onset: the number of nonemployment days of the newly disabled increases by 36 days per year after one year and by 55 days after five years compared to the control group. For those who stay in employment, working part-time and switching to less physically or psychosocially demanding jobs are important adjustment paths. The negative labor market effects of disability onset are more pronounced for severely disabled, older, and low-skilled individuals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
When work loses its meaning: Voice or exit? A longitudinal analysis with the 2013–2016 French Working Conditions surveys (2025)
Zitatform
Coutrot, Thomas & Coralie Perez (2025): When work loses its meaning: Voice or exit? A longitudinal analysis with the 2013–2016 French Working Conditions surveys. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, S. 1-27. DOI:10.1177/0143831x251358583
Abstract
"Although generating increasing debate in the media and in society, meaningful work has only recently become a legitimate research object in labour economics. The authors theoretically ground the concept of meaningful work by drawing on the theory of the psychodynamics of work. This leads to three dimensions of the meaning of work: social usefulness, ethical coherence and development capacity. Then, they propose an empirical measure of this concept using the French Working Conditions surveys. Exploiting the surveys’ longitudinal nature (2013–2016), they assess how workers react to meaningless work (exit or voice). Using instrumental variable techniques to alleviate endogeneity biases that may affect estimations, they conclude that meaningless work favours job quits and, to a lesser degree, unionization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender (2025)
Zitatform
De Moortel, Deborah, Rebeka Balogh, Miriam Engels & Julie Vanderleyden (2025): Employment Quality and Mental Health in Germany: the Mismatch of Low Employment Quality with Work and Family Values by Gender. In: Social Science & Medicine, Jg. 371. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117906
Abstract
"Empirical evidence on whether low-quality employment is detrimental to workers’ mental health is mostly cross-sectional and empirical evidence on pathways linking employment quality (EQ) to mental health remains scarce. Consequently, this study examines subsequent mental health associations of low-quality employment. Associations between EQ and mental health are investigated through a typology of employment arrangements. This study also investigates whether the relation between EQ types and subsequent mental health is different for workers with varying intensities of work and family values (i.e., importance of success at work and of having children, respectively) across genders. Using a large representative German panel dataset and Latent Class Cluster Analysis, EQ types are built and linked to mental health two years later. We assess two- and three-way interactions between EQ types and values, and between EQ types, gender and values, respectively. We found six EQ types: SER-like, precarious unsustainable, precarious full-time, SER-light, portfolio and protected part-time employment. Controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, precarious unsustainable employment for men and precarious full-time employment for women were associated to lower mental health after two years, compared to SER-like employment. Although protected part-time employment related to worse mental health for those with moderate to strong work and family values, compared to those with mild values, the interactions show an unclear pattern of the moderating role of values for the relation between EQ and subsequent mental health, for both men and women. This study should be replicated in other countries to confirm similar associations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Rehabilitation in Abhängigkeit beruflicher Qualifikation bei älteren Beschäftigten: eine Querschnittuntersuchung auf Basis der 4. Welle der lidA-Studie (2025)
Zitatform
Du Prel, Jean-Baptist, Patrick Brzoska, Diana Wahidie & Jürgen Breckenkamp (2025): Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Rehabilitation in Abhängigkeit beruflicher Qualifikation bei älteren Beschäftigten: eine Querschnittuntersuchung auf Basis der 4. Welle der lidA-Studie. In: Die Rehabilitation, S. 1-9. DOI:10.1055/a-2748-4740
Abstract
"Ältere Beschäftigte stellen hierzulande einen großen Teil der Arbeitskraft. Medizinische Rehabilitation kann helfen, sie gesund im Erwerbsleben zu halten. Untersucht wird, inwieweit sich die Reha-Inanspruchnahme bei Beschäftigten über 50 Jahren nach der beruflichen Qualifikation unterscheidet. Datenbasis waren 6953 sozialversicherte Beschäftigte der Jahrgänge 1959, 1965 und 1971 aus der vierten Welle der lidA-Kohortenstudie (leben in der Arbeit) 2022/2023. Querschnittlich wurde analysiert, ob sie in Abhängigkeit von ihrer beruflichen Qualifikation in den letzten vier Jahren Rehabilitationsleistungen genutzt hatten. In der multiplen logistischen Regressionsanalyse wurde nach demografischen Merkmalen, subjektiver Gesundheit, Arbeitsstress, physischen Arbeitsbelastungen, Work-Privacy-Konflikt und der Pflege von Angehörigen adjustiert. Potenziellen Selektionseffekten bei Rekrutierung und Follow-up wurde mittels kombinierter Längs- und Querschnitt-Gewichtung begegnet. Neben Odds Ratios wurden Average Marginal Effects berechnet. 17,5% der älteren Beschäftigten hatten in den vergangenen vier Jahren an einer medizinischen Rehabilitation teilgenommen (13,1% stationär, 4,4% ambulant). Geringqualifizierte (OR: 1,28; 95%-KI: 1,05–1,57) und Qualifizierte (OR: 1,45; 95%-KI: 1,19–1,77) hatten eine höhere Chance der Reha-Inanspruchnahme als Hochqualifizierte. Hohe Arbeitsstressbelastung (OR: 1,23; 95%-KI: 1,04–1,46) und schlechte Gesundheit (OR: 2,75; 95%-KI: 2,40–3,16) gingen mit einer höheren, jüngeres Alter (OR: 0,75; 95%-KI: 0,63–0,89), weibliches Geschlecht (OR: 0,81; 95%-KI: 0,71–0,94) sowie ein Migrationshintergrund in der ersten Generation (OR: 0,72; 95%-KI: 0,58 –0,90) mit einer geringeren Chance der Reha-Inanspruchnahme einher. Die beobachtete Abhängigkeit der Reha-Inanspruchnahme von der beruflichen Qualifikation ist bei den Geringqualifizierten erwartungstreu. Die subjektive Gesundheit konnte einen guten Teil der höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Inanspruchnahme in dieser Gruppe im Vergleich zu den Hochqualifizierten erklären. Jeweils mit Hochqualifizierten verglichen, hatten qualifizierte und geringqualifizierte eine ähnlich hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit der Reha-Inanspruchnahme. In zukünftigen Studien gilt es daher den Zusammenhang von Bedarf und Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Rehabilitationsleistungen in Abhängigkeit des beruflichen Qualifikationsniveaus unter Berücksichtigung weiterer Faktoren zu untersuchen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Wie steht es um die Gesundheit pflegender erwerbstätiger Personen?: Analyse einer Erwerbstätigenbefragung mittels Propensity Score Matching (2025)
Zitatform
Elling, Jan Mathis, Christian Hetzel, Sarah Hampel, Adelheid von Spee & Greta Ollertz (2025): Wie steht es um die Gesundheit pflegender erwerbstätiger Personen? Analyse einer Erwerbstätigenbefragung mittels Propensity Score Matching. In: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, Jg. 58, H. 4, S. 296-302. DOI:10.1007/s00391-024-02387-0
Abstract
"Hintergrund: Der Großteil der pflegebedürften Menschen in Deutschland wird zu Hause von Angehörigen oder anderen Bezugspersonen gepflegt. Viele informell Pflegende sind zudem erwerbstätig und stehen somit vor der Herausforderung, die Anforderungen beider Lebensbereiche zu vereinbaren. Dabei besteht die Gefahr, dass die eigene Gesundheit der Pflegenden leidet. Fragestellungen: (1) Inwiefern steht eine Pflegeverantwortung im privaten Umfeld bei Erwerbstätigen mit gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Zusammenhang? (2) Innerhalb der Gruppe der pflegenden erwerbstätigen Personen, inwiefern stehen der Umfang von informeller Pflege und Erwerbsarbeit mit gesundheitlichen Beschwerden im Zusammenhang? Material und Methoden: Die Datenbasis dieser Sekundärdatenanalyse ist die BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018. Um systematische Strukturunterschiede zwischen Pflegenden und Nichtpflegenden in den Analysen zu berücksichtigen, wurde das Propensity Score Matching angewendet. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Pflegende Erwerbstätige haben häufiger psychosomatische und körperliche Beschwerden als Erwerbstätige ohne Pflegeverantwortung. Erwerbsarbeitszeit und Pflegeumfang stehen in Beziehung zueinander, und ein hoher Umfang in beiden Lebensbereichen ist mit schlechterer Gesundheit assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung: Personen, die neben ihrer Berufstätigkeit Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen, sind häufig gesundheitlich belastet. Daher sind gezielte Interventionen zur Gesundheitsförderung notwendig, um diese Gruppe zu unterstützen und ihre Gesundheit zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Poor psychosocial work environment: a ticket to retirement? Variations by gender and education (2025)
Eyjólfsdóttir, Harpa S. ; Herlofson, Katharina ; Pedersen, Axel West ; Veenstra, Marijke ; Lennartsson, Carin ; Hellevik, Tale ;Zitatform
Eyjólfsdóttir, Harpa S., Tale Hellevik, Katharina Herlofson, Axel West Pedersen, Carin Lennartsson & Marijke Veenstra (2025): Poor psychosocial work environment: a ticket to retirement? Variations by gender and education. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1007/s10433-025-00855-z
Abstract
"Many countries, including Norway, are implementing policies to delay retirement and encourage older workers to remain in the labour market. Improving psychosocial working conditions may motivate older workers to continue working. While research has linked psychosocial working characteristics to retirement intentions and work exit, there is a knowledge gap regarding gender and socioeconomic differences in these influences. This study investigates the impact of psychosocial working characteristics on employment exit among older workers, examining variations by gender and educational attainment. Data were drawn from the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing, and Generation study (NorLAG) collected in 2007 and 2017 (N = 2,065) linked to income register data for four subsequent years. Time-to-event analyses revealed that poorer psychosocial working environment increased the likelihood of employment exit. For women, low autonomy was significant, while for men significant associations were found for high job stress, low job variety, lack of appreciation, limited learning opportunities, accumulation of poor job resources, and job strain. Interaction analysis showed only significant gender differences for few learning opportunities and poor job resources. Separate analyses stratified by educational attainment showed no significant association for those with compulsory education, while those with higher levels of education were more likely to retire if faced with low job variety, low autonomy, and poor job resources–yet interaction analysis showed no significant differences. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at delaying retirement should consider gender and socioeconomic differences, providing older workers with more control over their tasks and equitable access to learning opportunities and resources." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Sichtbare und mögliche Effekte des Klimawandels auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt (2025)
Zitatform
Fitzenberger, Bernd & Florian Hack (2025): Sichtbare und mögliche Effekte des Klimawandels auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. (IAB-Forschungsbericht 08/2025), Nürnberg, 31 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FB.2508
Abstract
"Der Klimawandel hat bereits spürbare Auswirkungen auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Besonders der Temperaturanstieg und die Zunahme von Hitzewellen betreffen Branchen wie das Baugewerbe und die Landwirtschaft. Auch andere Branchen wie Dienstleistungen, Logistik, Tourismus und das Verarbeitende Gewerbe sind betroffen. Die empirische Evidenz legt nahe, dass es in der Folge zu gesundheitlichen Risiken, höheren Unfallzahlen, steigenden Krankheitstagen bis hin zu vermehrten Todesfällen kommt. Dies kann die Produktivität negativ beeinflussen und wirtschaftliche Kosten, Arbeitsplatzverluste sowie indirekte negative Auswirkungen auf die Wertschöpfungsketten haben. Neben der Hitze nehmen auch Dürren in Häufigkeit und Intensität zu, mit gravierenden Folgen für Lebensmittelproduktion und Energieversorgung. Die extremen Dürren und Hitzewellen der letzten Jahre haben die Notwendigkeit von Anpassungsmaßnahmen verdeutlicht. Sowohl technische Lösungen als auch wirtschaftliche Anreize sollten in den Blick genommen werden, um sowohl ökologische als auch wirtschaftliche Stabilität zu sichern. Eine weitere Folge des Klimawandels ist die Zunahme von Extremwetterereignissen wie Stürmen, Starkregen und Überschwemmungen, die allein in Deutschland zwischen 2000 und 2021 Schäden in Höhe von rund 145 Milliarden Euro verursachten. Die Schäden und daraus resultierenden Wiederaufbauarbeiten haben direkte und indirekte Folgen für den Arbeitsmarkt. So treten diese insbesondere im Bausektor (z.B. durch Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen, sowie im Hoch- und Tiefbau) und im Gesundheitswesen auf. In den kommenden Jahrzehnten dürften sich die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels weiter verstärken. Eine Analyse des Potsdam-Instituts für Klimafolgenforschung prognostiziert für Deutschland bis 2050 einen Rückgang des Bruttoinlandsprodukts um bis zu elf Prozent. Laut der Studie werden die wirtschaftlichen Folgen regional unterschiedlich ausfallen, wobei veränderte Niederschlagsmuster lokal positive Effekte haben können. Insgesamt führt die Zunahme extremer Wetterereignisse jedoch zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Schäden. Davon besonders betroffen sind diejenigen Berufsgruppen, die den Witterungsbedingungen direkt ausgesetzt sind, darunter Beschäftigte in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft, im Baugewerbe sowie in schlecht hitzegeschützten Innenräumen. Befragungsdaten aus den Jahren 2006, 2012 und 2018 zeigen bislang allerdings nicht, dass die Beschäftigten in Deutschland Hitze als einen ausgeprägten Belastungsfaktor wahrnehmen. Interessanterweise nimmt die Zahl der Hitzetage zu, während sich der Anteil der Beschäftigten, die sich durch Witterungsbedingungen beeinträchtigt fühlen, verringert. Zu beachten ist, dass die Befragung lediglich allgemeine Witterungsbelastungen wie Kälte, Hitze, Nässe und Zugluft erfasst, die nicht ausschließlich durch den Klimawandel bedingt sind. Zudem ist unklar, ob etwa ein Anstieg der Belastung durch extreme Hitze durch einen Rückgang der Belastung durch Kälte ausgeglichen wird. Die Auswirkungen variieren auch nach Unternehmensgröße, da finanzielle Mittel entscheidend für die Resilienz gegenüber klimatischen Veränderungen sind. So sind kleinere Unternehmen im Schnitt stärker betroffen als größere. Internationale Forschung zu Naturkatastrophen liefert Erkenntnisse zu Arbeitsmarkteffekten, die auch für Deutschland relevant sind. So können klimabedingte Katastrophen langfristige Wanderungsbewegungen auslösen und kurzfristige Einkommensverluste verursachen, die nur langfristig kompensiert werden können. Dies zeigt zum Beispiel eine Studie zu den Folgen des Hurricanes Katrina in den USA. Gleichzeitig profitieren Unternehmen, die am Wiederaufbau beteiligt sind, wirtschaftlich von diesen Entwicklungen. Auch die Nutzung von Saison-Kurzarbeitergeld in Deutschland lässt Rückschlüsse auf wirtschaftliche Anpassungen an den Klimawandel zu: So ist der relative Anteil der Beschäftigten im Baugewerbe, die diese Leistung in Anspruch nehmen, zwischen 2012 und 2023 gesunken. Dieser Rückgang ist konsistent mit zunehmend milderen Wintern, die längere Arbeitszeiten ermöglichen können. Langfristig wird die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Unternehmen und Beschäftigten entscheidend für die direkten Folgen des Klimawandels auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt sein. Maßnahmen, um durch den Klimawandel ausgelöste Schäden zu beseitigen, oder wirtschaftliche Transformationsprozesse, die die Resilienz gegenüber dem Klimawandel erhöhen und dem Klimaschutz dienen, können auch zu positiven Effekten wie der Entstehung neuer Geschäftsfelder und der Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze führen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Interview zum IAB-Forschungsbericht im Online-Magazin IAB-Forum -
Literaturhinweis
Digitalization reshaping job autonomy?: New evidence from the BIBB/BAuA employment survey 2024 (2025)
Glock, Gina;Zitatform
Glock, Gina (2025): Digitalization reshaping job autonomy? New evidence from the BIBB/BAuA employment survey 2024. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 3, S. 369-390. DOI:10.1007/s41449-025-00480-7
Abstract
"Angesichts fortschreitender Digitalisierung untersucht dieser Artikel den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Einsatz digitaler Technologien am Arbeitsplatz und der subjektiven Wahrnehmung der Arbeitsautonomie durch Beschäftigte.Arbeitsautonomie gilt als zentrale Arbeitsressource, die es Beschäftigten ermöglicht, Arbeitsanforderungen zu begegnen, und steht in positivem Verhältnis zu Produktivität, Zufriedenheit oder Kreativität. Auf der Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragungen von 2012, 2018 und 2024 werden der Einsatz und die Einführung digitaler Technologien als Indikatoren für die Digitalisierung am Arbeitsplatz herangezogen. Arbeitsautonomie wird anhand eines zusammengesetzten Index und vier Unterdimensionen (Aufgabe, Ziel, Planung, Arbeitszeit) gemessen. Mittels multipler linearer Regressionsanalysen werden die Effekte digitaler Anwendungen auf den Autonomieindex geschätzt. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass digitale Technologien auf verschiedene Weise mit der Arbeitsautonomie zusammenhängen: Videokonferenzen verbessern alle Bereiche der Autonomie, während die häufige Nutzung von Computern die Freiheit bei der Aufgabenausführung erhöht, aber die Flexibilität in Bezug auf Arbeitsziele und Arbeitszeit einschränkt. Smartphones fördern die Aufgaben- und Methodenautonomie, sind jedoch mit einem Verlust der Kontrolle über Ziele und Arbeitszeiten verbunden. Eine höhere Autonomie steht in positivem Zusammenhang mit der wahrgenommenen Entlastung durch die Einführung neuer Technologien. Diese Ergebnisse fügen sich somit in die bestehende Forschung zur ambivalenten Wirkung von Digitalisierung auf Arbeitsbedingungen ein. Praktische Relevanz: Dieser Artikel bietet einen differenzierten Blick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsautonomie und der Nutzung ausgewählter digitaler Tools und liefert wertvolle Erkenntnisse für Unternehmen und politische Entscheidungsträger, um Strategien für die Schaffung humaner Arbeitsbedingungen in einer zunehmend digitalisierten und intensivierten Arbeitswelt zu entwickeln. Flexible Kommunikation erweist sich in allen Bereichen als starker Treiber für mehr Arbeitsautonomie. Der Erfolg der digitalen Transformation liegt nicht in der bloßen Einführung neuer Tools und Geräte, sondern darin, wie diese erlebt werden: Wenn Beschäftigte sie als Erleichterung wahrnehmen, kann auch die Autonomie zunehmen. Die Studie liefert außerdem Erkenntnisse zu potenziellen Stressfaktoren, die aus einem Mangel an Autonomie am Arbeitsplatz resultieren. Die häufige Nutzung von Computern und Smartphones kann die Arbeitsautonomie in bestimmten Bereichen einschränken. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf einen erhöhten Leistungsdruck und eine stärkere externe Kontrolle hin. Die Arbeitsschutzperspektive muss sich daher über technische und physisch-ergonomische Aspekte hinaus stärker auf psychologische und organisatorische Faktoren konzentrieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld (2025)
Zitatform
Goetz, Valentina, Ingo Isphording, Jonas Jessen & Stefanie Wolter (2025): Sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz: Zwei von zehn Beschäftigten berichten von Vorfällen im eigenen Arbeitsumfeld. (IAB-Kurzbericht 09/2025), Nürnberg, 7 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2509
Abstract
"Sexuelle Belästigung ist eine substanzielle Belastung für die direkt Betroffenen und ihr (Arbeits-)Umfeld – und damit potenziell auch eine wirtschaftliche Belastung für Betriebe. Wie verbreitet sexuelle Belästigung und präventive Maßnahmen in Betrieben sind, wurde dennoch bisher nicht umfassend untersucht. Zwei Befragungen des IAB zeigen nun, wie häufig sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz vorkommt und welche Auswirkungen Betriebe und Beschäftigte infolgedessen erwarten. Darüber hinaus wird dokumentiert, welche Maßnahmen Betriebe ergreifen, um solche Vorfälle zu verhindern oder darauf zu reagieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die in ihrem Berufsleben einen Fall sexueller Belästigung im näheren Arbeitsumfeld erlebt haben
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz aus Sicht der Betriebe
- Auswirkung von sexueller Belästigung aus Sicht der Beschäftigten
- Anteil der Betriebe, in denen es in den vergangenen zwei Jahren Fälle sexueller Belästigung gab
- Anteil der Frauen und Männer, die die jeweilige Situation als sexuelle Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz wahrnehmen
- Jede/jeder fünfte Beschäftigte ist betroffen oder Zeuge von sexueller Belästigung
- Vermutete betriebliche Reaktion bei einem Fall sexueller Belästigung
- Betriebliche Verfahren zum Umgang mit sexueller Belästigung am Arbeitsplatz und präventive Maßnahmen der Betriebe
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Literaturhinweis
Sleep duration, work-to-family conflicts and telecommuting: a mediation analysis among German mothers and fathers (2025)
Zitatform
Golsch, Katrin & Ayhan Adams (2025): Sleep duration, work-to-family conflicts and telecommuting: a mediation analysis among German mothers and fathers. In: Community, work & family, S. 1-22. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2025.2455660
Abstract
"The study investigates the consequences of work-to-family conflicts in telecommuting arrangements for parents' sleep duration. We discuss the potential relationships from the perspective of flexible resources and greedy roles. The study conducts moderated mediation analyses of telecommuting on sleep duration through work-to-family conflicts and addresses gender differences. The analyses use data from the German Family Panel (waves 10 & 12). After controlling for covariates, the results reveal an insignificant positive direct association between telecommuting and sleep duration. However, the mediation analysis shows that telecommuting is associated with shorter sleep duration through work-to-family conflicts. The moderated mediation further reveals that this negative indirect effect is slightly stronger for mothers than fathers. These findings highlight the complexity/bipolarity of flexible working arrangements in the context of the work-family interface and their implications for sleep behaviour, particularly from a gender perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study (2025)
Zitatform
Grasshoff, Julia, Batoul Safieddine, Stefanie Sperlich & Johannes Beller (2025): Gender differences in psychosomatic complaints across occupations and time from 2006 to 2018 in Germany: a repeated cross-sectional study. In: BMC public health, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-21462-8
Abstract
"Background: Previous research indicates that women report more psychosomatic complaints at work compared to men. However, there is a lack of research examining this gender gap across different occupational subgroups and over time. Methods: The study utilized data from the nationwide German Employment Survey of the Working Population on Qualification and Working Conditions conducted in 2005/2006, 2011/2012, and 2017/ 2018. First, gender differences in psychosomatic complaints were analysed within the occupational subgroups categorized as white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled workers. Second, gender stratified time trends of psychosomatic complaints were analysed. A total of 58,759 participants were included in the analysis. Results: Women consistently reported significantly higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to men across all years examined. The largest differences were observed in white-collar high-skilled occupations. From 2005/2006 to 2011/2012, gender differences increased; from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018, they stagnated. Conclusions: The study revealed that women experience more psychosomatic distress at work than men in all occupational subgroups and time points. White-collar high-skilled workers showed the highest gender gap in psychosomatic complaints. The gender gap widened from 2005/2006 to 2011/2012 and remained stable from 2011/2012 to 2017/2018. Future research should investigate the reasons and implications of this phenomenon, especially considering the increasing proportion of high-skilled white-collar workers, where the gender gap is most evident." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Why downsizing may increase sickness absence: longitudinal fixed effects analyses of the importance of the work environment (2025)
Zitatform
Grønstad, Anniken & Vilde Hoff Bernstrøm (2025): Why downsizing may increase sickness absence: longitudinal fixed effects analyses of the importance of the work environment. In: BMC health services research, Jg. 25. DOI:10.1186/s12913-025-12454-w
Abstract
"Background: Downsizing can often have a detrimental effect on employee health and increase sickness absence. Earlier research has theoretically argued that such negative consequences are due to taxing alterations in the work environment, but research efforts to empirically test this argument remain limited. Methods: In this study, we investigate whether the environment for control, role clarity, and commitment in different work units can explain the relationship between unit-level downsizing and sickness absence. We combined register- and self-reported data from 19,173 employees in a large Norwegian health trust in the period 2011–2015 and conducted a longitudinal fixed effects analysis. Results: Unit-level downsizing was found to be significantly related to increased short-term sickness absence, reduced organizational commitment, and reduced control. Reduced commitment explained a small part of the increase in short-term sickness absence after unit-level downsizing. There was no mediating effect of either control or role clarity. Conclusion: The study contributes to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that help explain why downsizing leads to adverse health consequences and sickness absence by highlighting the complexity of this relationship and introducing organizational commitment as a relevant mediator." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress (2025)
Zitatform
Guo, Ya, Sizhan Cui, Zhuofei Lu & Senhu Wang (2025): Dependence and Precarity in the Gig Economy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Platform Work and Mental Distress. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 5, S. 1169-1187. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.70028
Abstract
"While there is a growing body of literature examining platform dependence and its implications for mental health, much of the research has focused on gig workers with small sample sizes. The lack of large-scale quantitative research, particularly using longitudinal representative data, limits a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between platform dependence and mental distress. This study uses nationally representative data from the UK and fixed effects models to explore the heterogeneity of gig work, specifically examining differences in mental distress between high-dependence workers (those solely engaged in gig work) and low-dependence workers (those also employed in other jobs). The findings reveal that high-dependence gig workers have greater mental distress compared to low-dependence and full-time workers, with their mental well-being similar to those with no paid work. Low-dependence gig workers have lower mental distress than those without paid work. Financial precarity and loneliness partly explain these differences, with the impact stronger for highly educated high-dependence workers and less educated low-dependence workers. These findings highlight the significance of recognizing the heterogeneity of gig work in addressing future well-being challenges in a post-pandemic economy, as well as broadening the scope of the latent deprivation model to encompass the unique dynamics of gig work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors (2025)
Győri, Ágnes; Perpék, Éva; Ádám, Szilvia;Zitatform
Győri, Ágnes, Éva Perpék & Szilvia Ádám (2025): Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors. In: Frontiers in Public Health, Jg. 12. DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407998
Abstract
"Background: Human services occupations are highly exposed to mental health risks, thus psychosocial risk management is critical to assure healthy and safe working conditions, promote mental health and commitment, and prevent fluctuation of employees. However, still little is known about prominent psychosocial risk factors in various human services work. Objectives: To identify prominent psychosocial risk factors of mental health in human services occupations and to explore their individual and organizational correlates in 19 European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional survey using data from the European Union's Labor Force Survey among 379,759 active employees in 19 European countries. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of mental health risk factors. Then sociodemographic correlates of occupational mental health risk factors were assessed by means of Pearson's chi-squared test. Finally, correlations were explored between perceived psychosocial risk factors and human vs. non-human services occupations, as well as contextual variables by applying multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of mental health risk was 45.1%. Work overload (19.9%), dealing with difficult clients (10.2%), and job insecurity (5.8%) were the most prevalent mental health risk factors among European employees. We identified significant differences in the prevalence of mental health risks and specific mental health risk factors among employees according to sex, age, and educational attainment. The prevalence of mental health risks was significantly higher among women (47.0%, man: 43.3%), workers aged 35–50 years (47.5%, >50: 44.4%, <35: 42.3%), and those with the higher level of education (51.9%, secondary with diploma: 42.6%, elementary: 36.2%). Employees working in healthcare in Northern Europe were most likely to be exposed to mental health risks (AME = 0.717). Working in healthcare in Northern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting work overload (AME = 0.381). Working in social care in Central and Eastern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting dealing with difficult clients (AME = 0.303) as the most prevalent mental health risk factor. Conclusion: Understanding the impact of employment in specific human services occupations on mental health and its specific occupational stressors are vital to improve mental health and safety at work and maintain high quality services." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dismissal protection and long-term sickness absence: Evidence from a policy change (2025)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole & Karolin Hiesinger (2025): Dismissal protection and long-term sickness absence: Evidence from a policy change. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 318-342., 2024-07-29. DOI:10.1111/irel.12375
Abstract
"This paper studies whether a decline in employment protection reduces workers' long-term sickness absences (of >6 weeks). We exploit exogenous variation from a German policy change that shifted the threshold exempting small establishments from dismissal protection from 5 to 10 workers. Using German register data, we find that the reform significantly reduced employees' transitions into long-term sickness during their second year after being hired. This response is due to a behavioral rather than a compositional effect and is particularly pronounced among the medium-skilled and younger males. Further results indicate that the reform did not alter the probability of involuntary unemployment after sickness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides (2025)
Zitatform
Halla, Martin & Bernhard Schmidpeter (2025): Werther at Work: Intra-firm Spillovers of Suicides. (Department of Economics working paper / Vienna University of Economics and Business 374), Wien, 41 S.
Abstract
"Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and a critical public health concern. We examine the hypothesis of suicide contagion within in the workplace, investigating whether exposure to a coworker's suicide increases an individual's suicide risk. Using high-quality administrative data from Austria and an event study approach, we compare approximately 150,000 workers exposed to a coworker's suicide with a matched group exposed to a "placebo suicide". We find a significant increase in suicide risk for exposed individuals, with a cumulative treatment effect of 0.04 percentage points (33.3 percent) over a 20-year post-event period. Exposed individuals who also die by suicide are more likely to use the same method as their deceased coworker, strongly suggesting a causal link. Two placebo tests bolster this interpretation: workers who left the firm before the suicide and those exposed to a coworker's fatal car accident do not show an elevated suicide risk." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
„Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke (2025)
Zitatform
Hasselhorn, Hans Martin & Max Josef Rohrbacher (2025): „Stay at Work“ – ein ressourcenorientiertes Konzept füllt eine Lücke. In: Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 164-169. DOI:10.17147/asu-1-426483
Abstract
"Einleitung: Das Konzept „Stay at Work“ (SaW) bietet eine ressourcenorientierte Perspektive auf Erwerbstätige, die trotz gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen kontinuierlich arbeiten und dabei keine erhöhten Fehlzeiten aufweisen. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie werden Daten der lidA-Kohortenstudie verwendet, um das Phänomen SaW innerhalb der mittelalten Erwerbsbevölkerung querschnittlich zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SaW-Beschäftigte oft über günstigere personale und arbeitsbezogene Ressourcen verfügen als Beschäftigte mit häufigen Arbeitsunfähigkeitszeiten. Insbesondere Arbeitsfaktoren wie Führungsqualität und Einfluss bei der Arbeit scheinen dabei zentrale Einflussfaktoren zu sein. Dennoch stellen sie zugleich eine potenziell vulnerable Gruppe dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Beitrag leistet einen ersten Schritt zur besseren wissenschaftlichen Einordnung von SaW und zeigt Potenziale auf, wie diese Perspektive die betriebliche Präventionsarbeit in Deutschland stärken kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitsreport 2025 / DAK-Gesundheit: Analyse der Arbeitsunfähigkeiten. Mythos Rekordkrankenstand. Generation Z in der Arbeitswelt (2025)
Hildebrandt, Susanne; Burgart, Elena; Dehl, Terese; Nolting, Hans-Dieter; Woköck, Tobias; Nguyen, Thuy Ha;Zitatform
Hildebrandt, Susanne, Terese Dehl & Hans-Dieter Nolting (2025): Gesundheitsreport 2025 / DAK-Gesundheit. Analyse der Arbeitsunfähigkeiten. Mythos Rekordkrankenstand. Generation Z in der Arbeitswelt. (Gesundheitsreport … / DAK-Gesundheit 2025 55), Heidelberg: medhochzwei Verlag GmbH, 188 S.
Abstract
"Der jährlich erscheinende DAK-Gesundheitsreport analysiert die Daten zur Arbeitsunfähigkeit aller bei der DAK-Gesundheit versicherten Berufstätigen. Er bietet damit einen verlässlichen Überblick über das Krankheitsgeschehen in der Arbeitswelt. Regelmäßig stellt die DAK-Gesundheit dar, welche Krankheiten die größte Rolle gespielt haben, und untersucht geschlechts-, alters-, branchen- und regionalspezifische Besonderheiten. Der DAK-Gesundheitsreport greift in jedem Jahr ein wechselndes Schwerpunktthema aus dem Bereich Arbeitswelt und Gesundheit auf. Im Rahmen der Personalrekrutierung stehen Unternehmen zunehmend im Wettbewerb um die Gewinnung und Bindung junger Menschen. Die Frage, welche Wünsche und Erwartungen junge Erwerbstätige der Generation Z an die Arbeitswelt haben, wie sich ihre gesundheitliche Situation darstellt und wie sie mit Krankheiten und Fehlzeiten umgehen, ist für Akteurinnen und Akteure mit Personalverantwortung in Unternehmen häufig zentral. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich der DAK-Gesundheitsreport 2025 in seinem Schwerpunktthema der Generation Z in der Arbeitswelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung