Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung und die Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe? Welche arbeits- und sozialrechtlichen Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus?
Dieses Themendossier dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen und Regionen.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Automation and Polarization (2026)
Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron & Jonas Löbbing (2026): Automation and Polarization. In: Journal of Political Economy, Jg. 134, H. 3, S. 1017-1072. DOI:10.1086/739330
Abstract
"We develop an assignment model of automation. Each of a continuum of tasks of variable complexity is assigned to either capital or one of a continuum of labor skills. We characterize conditions for interiorautomation, whereby tasks of intermediate complexity are performed by capital. Interior automation arises when the most skilled workers have a comparative advantage in the most complex tasks relative to capital, and when the wages of the least skilled workers are sufficiently low relative to both their own productivity and the effective cost of capital in low-complexity tasks. Minimum wages and other sourcesof higher wages at the bottom make interior automation less likely. Starting with interior automation, a reduction in the cost of capital (or an increase in capital productivity) causes employment and wage polarization. Specifically, further automation pushes workers into tasks at the lower and upper ends ofthe task distribution. It also monotonically increases the skill premium above a threshold and reduces the skill premium below this threshold. Moreover, automation tends to reduce the real wage of Workers with comparative advantage profiles close to that of capital. We show that large enough increases in capital productivity ultimately induce a transition to low-skill automation and qualitatively alter the effects of automation—thereafter inducing monotone increases in skill premia rather than wage polarization." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
AI adoption, productivity and employment: Evidence from European firms (2026)
Aldasoro, Iñaki; Gambacorta, Leonardo; Pal, Rozalia; Wolski, Marcin; Weiß, Christoph; Revoltella, Debora;Zitatform
Aldasoro, Iñaki, Leonardo Gambacorta, Rozalia Pal, Debora Revoltella, Christoph Weiß & Marcin Wolski (2026): AI adoption, productivity and employment: Evidence from European firms. (Economics - working papers / European Investment Bank 2026/02), Luxembourg, 32 S. DOI:10.2867/1772538
Abstract
"This paper provides new evidence on how the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) affects productivity and employment in Europe. Using matched EIBIS-ORBIS data on more than 12,000 non-financial firms in the European Union (EU) and United States (US), we instrument the adoption of AI by EU firms by assigning the adoption rates of US peers to isolate exogenous technological exposure. Our results show that AI adoption increases the level of labor productivity by 4%. Productivity gains are due to capital deepening, as we find no adverse effects on firm-level employment. This suggests that AI increases worker output rather than replacing labor in the short run, though longer-term effects remain uncertain. However, productivity benefits of AI adoption are unevenly distributed and concentrate in medium and large firms. Moreover, AI-adopting firms are more innovative and their workers earn higher wages. Our analysis also highlights the critical role of complementary investments in software and data or workforce training to fully unlock the productivity gains of AI adoption." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: BIS Working Papers, 1325 -
Literaturhinweis
The effect of AI on labour demand: A critical assessment of 'Power and Progress' by Acemoglu and Johnson (2026)
Aldred, Jonathan;Zitatform
Aldred, Jonathan (2026): The effect of AI on labour demand: A critical assessment of 'Power and Progress' by Acemoglu and Johnson. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 78, S. 188-196. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2026.03.008
Abstract
"Task-based models of production have led to a theoretical reappraisal of the effect of new technology on labour demand. This paper critically assesses the policy implications of this research agenda, with particular reference to Acemoglu and Johnson’s recent book, Power and Progress. While Acemoglu and Johnson take welcome steps away from previous orthodoxy, their analysis has several flaws which affect the policy lessons to be drawn, including: (i) the explanation for anti-labour bias is unclear; (ii) worker-friendly technologies are not clearly characterised in theory, and hard to identify in practice; (iii) macroeconomic policy orthodoxy is largely unquestioned. More generally, much of Power and Progress remains unhelpfully constrained by theoretical commitments to mainstream economics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technologischer Wandel und Löhne: Die Anpassung der Berufe spielt eine entscheidende Rolle (2026)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald, Gökay Demir, Colin Green & Arne Uhlendorff (2026): Technologischer Wandel und Löhne: Die Anpassung der Berufe spielt eine entscheidende Rolle. (IAB-Kurzbericht 01/2026), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2601
Abstract
"Technischer Fortschritt verändert die Arbeitswelt - besonders in Berufen, in denen viele Tätigkeiten leicht automatisiert werden können. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist der Anteil an Routinetätigkeiten in vielen Berufen deutlich zurückgegangen - häufig zugunsten nicht routinemäßiger kognitiver Tätigkeiten wie Analysieren, Planen oder Beraten. Dabei verzeichnen Berufe, deren Tätigkeiten sich im Laufe der Zeit stärker an den technologischen Wandel angepasst haben, steigende Löhne. Sie zeichnen sich zudem durch intensivere Weiterbildungsaktivitäten aus. In Berufen, deren Tätigkeitsprofil sich kaum verändert hat, stagnieren die Löhne dagegen häufiger." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Vollzeitbeschäftigte westdeutsche Männer in ursprünglich routinelastigen Berufen
- Veränderung von Tätigkeitsschwerpunkten durch technologischen Wandel
- Veränderung im Anteil der Routinetätigkeiten
- Veränderung im Anteil der Routinetätigkeiten im Vergleich zu nicht routinemäßigen (NR) kognitiven Tätigkeiten in exemplarisch ausgewählten, ursprünglich routinelastigen Berufsfeldern
- Anteil Beschäftigter in Weiterbildungskursen nach Tätigkeitsgruppen
- Relatives Lohnwachstum nach Tätigkeitsgruppen
- Vollzeitbeschäftigte westdeutsche Männer nach Tätigkeitsgruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Systematic literature review on the digital transformation of the personnel selection process (2026)
Zitatform
Baranyi, Virág (2026): Systematic literature review on the digital transformation of the personnel selection process. In: German Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 223-254. DOI:10.1177/23970022251363012
Abstract
"Digital Transformation technologies (DT technologies) are reshaping work processes, including personnel selection, an area traditionally viewed as inherently human-centric. While prior studies have examined various digital technologies in personnel selection, they have not provided sufficient evidence on the different levels of digitalization in selection processes and the factors influencing organizations’ adoption decisions. To address these gaps, this study systematically reviews 94 Scopus-indexed studies to analyze how DT technologies are applied across selection stages, categorizing practices into Manual, Digitalized, and Digitally Transformed approaches. By further distinguishing between Digital Technologies and AI Enhancements, this study offers a structured framework for understanding how organizations integrate digital technologies into selection and what drives or hinders their adoption. The findings highlight both the benefits (efficiency gains, potential bias reduction, improved candidate experience) and challenges (ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, technical and cultural barriers, and candidate perceptions) associated with these technologies, providing insights for both academic research and HR practice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Winners and losers when firms robotize: wage effects across occupations and education (2026)
Zitatform
Barth, Erling, Marianne Røed, Pål Schøne & Janis Umblijs (2026): Winners and losers when firms robotize: wage effects across occupations and education. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Jg. 128, H. 1, S. 3-32. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12593
Abstract
"This paper analyses the impact of robots on workers' wages in the manufacturing sector, with a particular focus on relative wages for workers with different levels of education and in different occupations. Using high-quality matched employer–employee register data with firm-level information on the introduction of industrial robots, we identify the effects of robotization on relative wages within firms. Skilled blue-collar workers with a vocational degree experience a decline in wages when firms introduce robots, while there are only small effects for the other groups of workers. These results suggest that robots are substitutes for tasks undertaken by skilled blue-collar workers in manufacturing, and furthermore that the adoption of robots contributes to a polarization of the labor market and a hollowing out of the wage distribution, rather than to skill-biased technical change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Investigating social protection amongst platform workers in Germany: forced individualisation, hybrid income generation and undesired regulation (2026)
Zitatform
Beckmann, Fabian, Sabrina Glanz, Fabian Hoose & Serkan Topal (2026): Investigating social protection amongst platform workers in Germany: forced individualisation, hybrid income generation and undesired regulation. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 100-118. DOI:10.1017/s0047279424000217
Abstract
"The social protection of platform workers is considered one of the most precarious features and political challenges of this new form of employment. Still, there have only been a few empirical investigations on this issue to date. This article presents an explorative empirical analysis of the social protection of platform workers in Germany – a conservative welfare regime with a strong link between standard employment and institutionalized social protection. On the basis of an online survey amongst 719 self-employed platform workers, we examine how different employment patterns correspond to institutionalized protection against sickness and old age. We empirically explore different protection types and analyse how they differ regarding working conditions in platform work and individual social policy preferences. Findings reveal that conditions of platform work and social protection as well as demands and regulatory preferences vary notably across different clusters of platform workers. Still, the vast majority votes against obligatory social insurances for platform workers and favors self-employment over dependent employment. Against this background, we discuss challenges for future attempts aiming at improving social protection for platform workers. This study adds to the literature by empirically exploring platform workers’ social protection and social policy preferences, which have been overlooked to date." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation Experiments and Inequality (2026)
Zitatform
Benzell, Seth Gordon & Kyle R. Myers (2026): Automation Experiments and Inequality. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 34668), Cambridge, Mass, 26 S., App. DOI:10.3386/w34668
Abstract
"Many experiments study the productivity effects of automation technologies such as generative algorithms. A key test in these experiments relates to inequality: does the technology increase output more for high- or low-skill workers? However, the theoretical content of this empirical test has been unclear. Here, we formalize a theory that describes the experimental effect of automation technologies on worker-level output and, therefore, inequality. Worker-level output depends on a task-level production function, and workers are heterogeneous in their task-level skills. Workers perform a task themselves or delegate it to the automation technology. The inequality effect of improved automation depends on the interaction of two factors: (i) the correlation in task-level skills across workers, and (ii) workers' skills relative to the technology's effective skill. In many cases we study, the inequality effect is non-monotonic --- as technologies improve, inequality decreases then increases. The model and descriptive statistics of skill correlations generally suggest that the diversity of automation technologies will play an important role in the evolution of inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital divide and income inequality: causal evidence from Italian provinces (2026)
Zitatform
Bergantino, Angela Stefania, Giulio Fusco, Mario Intini & Gianluca Monturano (2026): Digital divide and income inequality: causal evidence from Italian provinces. In: The Annals of Regional Science, Jg. 75, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s00168-025-01440-z
Abstract
"The digital economy can function either as a catalyst to stimulate economic growth or else as a driver of socioeconomic inequality when its benefits are unevenly distributed. This study investigates the effect of rural digital connectivity on income inequality in Italy. Utilizing NUTS 3 panel data spanning 2014–2022, we conduct a counterfactual Difference-in-Differences approach with continuous treatment intensity to estimate the impact of introducing rural broadband coverage at speeds of 30 and 100 Mbps on multiple measures of income distribution, including the Gini, Theil, and Atkinson indices. The empirical framework incorporates a comprehensive set of socioeconomic controls, as well as provincial and time fixed effects, to account for unobserved heterogeneity and regional path dependencies. Our findings indicate that broadband expansion is significantly associated with increasing inequality, suggesting that access alone does not guarantee inclusive outcomes, particularly in localities characterized by structural fragility and limited human capital. Additional heterogeneity and spatial analyses demonstrate that these inequality effects are more evident in southern provinces and localities with a higher concentration of inner areas, where the digital divide remains more pronounced. These findings accentuate the dual role of digitalization and highlight the necessity of coordinated policy interventions that combine infrastructure investment with digital skills development, institutional capacity-building, and spatially integrated governance strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Re‐Skilling in the Age of Skill Shortage: Adult Education Rather Than Active Labor Market Policy (2026)
Zitatform
Bonoli, Giuliano, Patrick Emmenegger & Alina Felder-Stindt (2026): Re‐Skilling in the Age of Skill Shortage: Adult Education Rather Than Active Labor Market Policy. In: Regulation and governance, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 482-494. DOI:10.1111/rego.70065
Abstract
"European economies face the task of providing the necessary skills for the “twin transition ” in a period of skill shortage. As a result, we may expect countries to reorient their labor market policy towards re-skilling. We look for evidence of a reorientation in two relevant policy fields: active labor market policy (ALMP) and adult education (AE). We explore general trends in both fields based on quantitative indicators and compare recent policy developments in four countries with strong ALMP and AE sectors: Denmark, France, Germany, and Sweden. We do not observe clear evidence of a general movement away from activation and towards re-skilling in ALMP. However, in AE, we identify several re-skilling initiatives that address skill shortages. Relying on insights from queuing theories of hiring and training, we argue that due to changes in the population targeted by ALMP, the locus of re-skilling policy is increasingly moving towards AE." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Crowdwork als Beruf?: Subjektivierung, Kompetenzerwerb und Lernen in der digitalen Plattformarbeit (2026)
Büchter, Karin; Li-Gottwald, Jiayin; Kleemann, Frank; Schlömer, Tobias; Eckelt, Marcus; Krzywdzinski, Martin ;Zitatform
Büchter, Karin, Tobias Schlömer, Frank Kleemann, Martin Krzywdzinski, Marcus Eckelt & Jiayin Li-Gottwald (Hrsg.) (2026): Crowdwork als Beruf? Subjektivierung, Kompetenzerwerb und Lernen in der digitalen Plattformarbeit. Verlag Barbara Budrich: Berlin, 314 S. DOI:10.3224/84743131
Abstract
"Crowdwork ist eine junge Arbeitsform, bei der einzelne Arbeitstätigkeiten über Online-Plattformen an externe Arbeitskräfte vergeben werden. Der Band präsentiert Erkenntnisse aus einem breit angelegten Forschungsprojekt, in dem arbeitssoziologische, berufs- und wirtschaftspädagogische Perspektiven auf das Tätigsein, auf Lernpraktiken von Crowdworker*innen und auf die individuelle Bedeutung plattformbasierter Arbeit eingenommen werden. Die Beiträge setzen sich mit Aspekten wie Subjektivierung, Wissensgenerierung, Kompetenzentwicklung, Beruflichkeit und Lernen in der plattformbasierten Arbeit auseinander." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How welfare states influence online platform work in Europe (2026)
Zitatform
Chueri, Juliana & Petter Törnberg (2026): How welfare states influence online platform work in Europe. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 119-135. DOI:10.1177/09589287251357463
Abstract
"Digital labor platforms are reshaping global labor markets by enabling the transnational contracting of service workers. While the dominant perspective emphasizes market forces, predicting that lower-wage countries will dominate the supply side, this view overlooks the institutional context in which platform labor emerges. This paper advances the argument that national welfare institutions are key to shaping participation in the platform economy. We provide the first large-scale cross-national comparative analysis of platform labor, combining micro-level data from one of the world’s largest remote work platforms with country-level indicators from 26 European countries. In line with market expectations, we find that lower-wage countries supply most low-skilled labor, while higher-wage countries show a more balanced distribution between low- and high-skilled workers. Crucially, however, our analysis reveals that greater welfare state generosity is associated with lower levels of platform participation, especially in low-skilled occupations. We argue that platform labor cannot be understood solely as a function of technological change or wage differentials. It is also an expression of structural constraints: where social protections are weak, people are more likely to turn to precarious forms of online work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The EU compromise machine and the politicisation of social policy: Lessons from the regulation of platform work (2026)
Zitatform
Crespy, Amandine, Bastian Kenn, Matteo Marenco & Slavina Spasova (2026): The EU compromise machine and the politicisation of social policy: Lessons from the regulation of platform work. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 18-33. DOI:10.1177/09589287251345912
Abstract
"Over the past few years, the legal status and the working conditions of platform workers have been among the most debated manifestations of the digital transformation of work. Tense negotiations on the EU platform work directive (from 2021 to 2024) epitomize long-standing conflicts in EU social policymaking, namely the opposition between capital and labor, on the one hand, and resistance to EU involvement or impact on Member States’ social arrangements, on the other. This paper provides an in-depth inquiry of the policy process by focussing specifically on the presumption of employment in platform work, which was first proposed as an EU-wide provision and eventually nationalized with its definition left to national arrangements. Drawing on this case and mobilizing the literature on positive integration entrepreneurship, and politicization, we shed light on the ‘drivers’ and ‘inhibitors’ of EU social regulation. On the one hand, we provide evidence that joint entrepreneurship of the European Parliament (EP) and the European Commission is a primary driver and argue for acknowledging the role of the EP as a key entrepreneur of ‘Social Europe’. On the other hand, divisions in the Council, underpinned by domestic politics, hinder ambitious social policy regulation at EU level in several respects. Furthermore, we tease out the role of politicization and theorize its ambivalent role as both a driver and inhibitor, depending on contingent party political orientations, contextual factors, but also the role played by Council presidencies, so far overlooked in the literature. We conclude that the drivers and inhibitors we identify, and the resulting dynamics of compromise, are relevant beyond the case of platform work. While stressing the crucial, yet ambivalent, role of politicization, our findings cast a shadow on what has recently been described as a great come back of ‘Social Europe’ with the European Pillar of Social Rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt - Fluch und Segen zugleich (2026)
Franke, Andreas; Hildt, Elisabeth;Zitatform
Franke, Andreas & Elisabeth Hildt (2026): Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt - Fluch und Segen zugleich. In: IAB-Forum H. 16.03.2026. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20260316.01
Abstract
"Die Arbeitswelt unterliegt seit einigen Jahren einer rasanten Digitalisierung. Damit sind sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken für die psychische Gesundheit der Beschäftigten verbunden. Zudem ergeben sich daraus handfeste ethische Implikationen. So droht nicht zuletzt ein Gerechtigkeitsproblem, weil bestimmte Gruppen von Beschäftigten eher Gefahr laufen als andere, durch die Digitalisierung Nachteile zu erfahren und mit der digitalen Entwicklung nicht mehr Schritt halten zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Künstliche Intelligenz in deutschen Betrieben: Jeder vierte Betrieb nutzt mittlerweile generative KI (2026)
Zitatform
Friedrich, Martin & Christian Kagerl (2026): Künstliche Intelligenz in deutschen Betrieben: Jeder vierte Betrieb nutzt mittlerweile generative KI. (IAB-Kurzbericht 08/2026), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2608
Abstract
"Generativer Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) wird häufig bescheinigt, die Wirtschaft fundamental zu verändern. Wie verbreitet diese Technologie bereits in deutschen Betrieben ist, zeigen aktuelle Auswertungen aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel. Daten zum Themenschwerpunkt „Generative KI“ wurden 2025 erstmals erhoben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Generative KI in deutschen Betrieben
- Weiterbildung und Regelungen zum Umgang mit der Technologie in Betrieben, die generative KI nutzen
- IAB-Forum Video
- Verbreitung von KI nach Betriebsgröße, Betriebsalter und Branchen
- Entwicklung des betrieblichen Einsatzes von KI
- Art des betrieblichen Einsatzes von KI
- Determinanten der Wahrscheinlichkeit, generative KI im Betrieb zu nutzen
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Literaturhinweis
Retirement decisions in the age of COVID-19 pandemic: are older employees in digital occupations working longer? (2026)
Zitatform
Gallo, Giovanni & Amparo Nagore García (2026): Retirement decisions in the age of COVID-19 pandemic: are older employees in digital occupations working longer? In: Review of Economics of the Household, S. 1-34. DOI:10.1007/s11150-025-09827-9
Abstract
"This paper investigates the retirement response to the pandemic and to the resulting acceleration in the adoption of new technologies. Using the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions datasets and leveraging the natural experiment of many workers being forced to work from home in Europe during the lockdown, we compare the retirement response of older workers in digital occupations (i.e. more exposed to the accelerated adoption of new technologies) versus non-digital occupations to detect any differences in retirement behaviour, which we interpret as digitalization effects. In addition, we analyze changes in retirement decisions by gender and geographic area. We find that retirement rates increased during COVID-19 in Europe, especially in Mediterranean countries and among women. This trend may be linked to gender occupational segregation. In Mediterranean countries, digitalization increases female retirement, likely due to challenges in balancing digital work and family responsibilities while working from home. In Eastern countries, and to a lesser extent in Northern countries, digitalization leads to postponing retirement among women, likely due to greater gender equality in unpaid work. In contrast, the retirement age for men is less affected by the pandemic with no significant differences between digital and non-digital occupations. This may exacerbate the existing gender gap in labor force participation and pension outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour productivity gains or offshoring? Implications for post-growth proposals on the future of work (2026)
Zitatform
Godé, Lukas, Simon Mair & Erik Gómez-Baggethun (2026): Labour productivity gains or offshoring? Implications for post-growth proposals on the future of work. In: Ecological economics, Jg. 239. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108778
Abstract
"Two visions prevail about the future of work in sustainable post-growth economies. According to the first, labour productivity gains resulting from technological development will enable to work less. The second contends instead that such gains are not always desirable and could be constrained by a shift towards less polluting production, potentially resulting in more work. Yet, conventional measures of labour productivity on which these proposals are based can conceal a displacement of labour requirements abroad. In this paper, we conduct a case study on Germany in 1995 –2020 to assess whether and to which extent labour productivity gainsresult from offshoring, and implications for post-growth proposals on the future of work. We first retrieve global labour requirements of German production across upstream supply chains. We then decompose conventional labour productivity gains to evaluate whether they result from a reduction in global labour requirements or of their increased displacement towards upstream sectors. Finally, we examine possible impacts on labour offshoring of shifting production to sectors with low productivity gains. We use a socially extended Multi-Regional Input-Output model based on OECD data. Our results show that a quarter of the global labour requirements for German production is provided abroad. This share increased until 2007 before it stabilized or decreased. We identify some potential for working time reduction without increases in labour offshoring. Shifting to service sectors could furthermore reduce labour offshoring relative to production. Yet critically, German production may cover only a fraction of domestic consumption. Related implications for post-growth proposals require further attention." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Generative AI and Career Choices (2026)
Zitatform
Gschwendt, Christian, Martina Viarengo & Thea S. Zoellner (2026): Generative AI and Career Choices. (Working paper / Swiss Leading House 251), Zürich, 52 S.
Abstract
"The economic impact of technological change will critically depend on how future workers invest in their human capital. Yet, little is known about how future workers themselves evaluate and choose their educational and occupational paths in light of emerging technologies. This paper examines how adolescents currently at the school-to-work transition stage value working with generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in their future occupations, and how automation risk and opportunities for continuing education shape these preferences. We field a discrete-choice experiment among a nationally representative sample of over 7,000 Swiss adolescents aged around 15. We find that adolescents generally exhibit an aversion to collaborating with GenAI at work, with females consistently more averse than males. However, preferences are nuanced: adolescents welcome greater GenAI collaboration, provided that GenAI usage levels remain moderate and that it is not accompanied by increases in job-automation risk. Finally, continuing education opportunities in occupations improve attitudes towards working with GenAI across genders. Our results challenge simple narratives of technology acceptance or rejection, revealing that adolescents' willingness to work with GenAI depends on how it is implemented — its intensity, associated displacement risks, and accompanying skill development - rather than the technology itself. Our findings suggest that the way future workers value GenAI collaboration in their career choices critically depends on its intensity and on the interplay with automation risk and AI-related educational opportunities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automatisierung und Weiterbildung: Weiterbildungslücke in gefährdeten Berufen: Zur Diskussion gestellt (2026)
Zitatform
Heß, Pascal, Simon Janssen & Ute Leber (2026): Automatisierung und Weiterbildung: Weiterbildungslücke in gefährdeten Berufen. Zur Diskussion gestellt. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 79, H. 03, S. 18-21., 2026-03-19.
Abstract
"Technologischer Wandel erhöht den Bedarf an Weiterbildung und lebenslangem Lernen. Neue empirische Evidenz für Deutschland zeigt jedoch, dass Beschäftigte in Berufen mit hoher Automatisierungsgefährdung seltener an Weiterbildung teilnehmen als Beschäftigte in weniger gefährdeten Tätigkeiten. Die Weiterbildungslücke betrifft insbesondere mittelqualifizierte und männliche Beschäftigte sowie zukunftsrelevante Kompetenzen wie IT- und soziale Fähigkeiten. Der Befund lässt sich wesentlich durch geringere betriebliche Weiterbildungsinvestitionen erklären. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen einen Zielkonflikt zwischen betrieblicher Investitionslogik und gesamtwirtschaftlichem Qualifizierungsbedarf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of AI on global knowledge work (2026)
Ide, Enrique; Talamas, Eduard;Zitatform
Ide, Enrique & Eduard Talamas (2026): The impact of AI on global knowledge work. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 157. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2025.103876
Abstract
"We analyze how Artificial Intelligence (AI) reshapes global knowledge work in a two-region world where firms organize production hierarchically to use knowledge efficiently: the most knowledgeable individuals specialize in problem-solving, while others perform routine work. Before AI, the Advanced Economy specializes in problem-solving services, whereas the Emerging Economy focuses on routine work. AI converts compute — which is located in the Advanced Economy — into autonomous “AI agents” that perfectly substitute for humans with a given level of knowledge. Basic AI reduces the Advanced Economy ’s net exports of problem-solving services, potentially reversing pre-AI trade patterns. In contrast, sophisticated AI expands these exports, reinforcing existing trade patterns. Finally, we show that a global ban on AI autonomy redistributes AI’s gains toward lower-skilled workers, while a regional ban — such as prohibiting autonomy only in the Emerging Economy — offers little benefit to lower-skilled workers and harms the most knowledgeable individuals in that region." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Online platforms' organizational resources and gig workers' self-leadership (2026)
Ihl, Andreas; Mayer, Anne-Sophie;Zitatform
Ihl, Andreas & Anne-Sophie Mayer (2026): Online platforms' organizational resources and gig workers' self-leadership. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 166. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2026.104214
Abstract
"An increasing number of gig workers turn to online gig work platforms to pursue potentially boundaryless and protean careers outside traditional organizational settings. Proactive career self-management and related self-leadership are essential to succeed in such careers. However, while traditional organizations facilitate self-leadership by providing traditional organizational resources, such as supportive human resource practices, gig work lacks these important resources. As a result, cultivating self-leadership among gig workers remains a considerable challenge. This study addresses this challenge by investigating how online platforms that centrally shape work environments may provide a resource-related context that facilitates gig workers' self-leadership strategies. Using a contextual and systemic approach to career self-management and inspired by the conservation of resources theory, we draw on insights from a 14-month field study of an online gig work platform, involving data collected from multiple sources. The findings show how platforms offer various types of platform-embedded resources and how workers utilize these resources to engage in behavior- and cognitive-focused self-leadership strategies. This study thereby contributes to the literature on careers in gig work by theorizing the role of online platforms in shaping gig workers' careers from a proactive and agentic perspective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Gender Gap: Schwerpunkt 2026 Künstliche Intelligenz (2026)
Zitatform
Jahn, Sandy, Carola Burkert, Katharina Diener & Britta Matthes (2026): Digital Gender Gap. Schwerpunkt 2026 Künstliche Intelligenz. Berlin, 20 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.D21.2026
Abstract
"Künstliche Intelligenz wird immer mehr zur Schlüsselressource. Ihre Nutzung entscheidet zunehmend über Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Beschäftigungschancen und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe – vergleichbar mit Alphabetisierung oder Internetzugang in früheren Transformationsphasen. Die Studie des IAB und der Initiative D 21 zeigt: Es besteht ein signifikanter Gender AI Gap. Frauen nutzen KI-Anwendungen seltener und weniger intensiv als Männer (rund 16 Prozentpunkte Unterschied in der Ausgangsbetrachtung). Wenn Unterschiede in Alter, Bildung, Einkommen, beruflichem Kontext sowie Kompetenzen und Einstellungen statistisch berücksichtigt werden, verringert sich die Lücke zwar – bleibt aber auch dann bestehen (rund 8 Prozentpunkte)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Interview mit den Autorinnen im Online-Magazin IAB-Forum -
Literaturhinweis
Der Gender AI Gap: "KI wird zur Schlüsselressource - aber Männer und Frauen nutzen sie nicht gleich" (2026)
Zitatform
Keitel, Christiane; Katharina Diener, Britta Matthes, Sandy Jahn & Carola Burkert (interviewte Person) (2026): Der Gender AI Gap: "KI wird zur Schlüsselressource - aber Männer und Frauen nutzen sie nicht gleich". In: IAB-Forum H. 23.04.2026. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20260423.01
Abstract
"Mit der rasanten Verbreitung von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Arbeitswelt entsteht eine neue Lücke zwischen den Geschlechtern: der Gender AI Gap. Dies zeigt eine aktuelle Studie des IAB, die in Zusammenarbeit mit der Initiative D21 entstanden ist, Deutschlands größtem gemeinnützigen Netzwerk für die digitale Gesellschaft. Der Studie zufolge nutzen Frauen KI deutlich seltener und weniger intensiv nutzen als Männer – selbst bei vergleichbaren Voraussetzungen. Warum das so ist, welche Rolle Netzwerke und Wahrnehmungen spielen, und an welchen Stellschrauben Politik und Betriebe jetzt ansetzen müssen, erläutern die Autorinnen der Studie im Interview." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Gestaltungsprinzipien individueller Beruflichkeit am Beispiel von Crowdworker:innen: Theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang von Arbeit, Beruf und Subjektivierung (2026)
Külpmann, Inga;Zitatform
Külpmann, Inga (2026): Gestaltungsprinzipien individueller Beruflichkeit am Beispiel von Crowdworker:innen. Theoretische Ansätze und empirische Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang von Arbeit, Beruf und Subjektivierung. (Berufsbildung, Arbeit und Innovation. Dissertationen, Habilitationen 92), Bielefeld: wbv, 352 S. DOI:10.3278/9783763979080
Abstract
"Die Studie untersucht, wie Crowdworker:innen in Plattformarbeit individuelle Beruflichkeit entwickeln und wie Arbeitserfahrungen Subjektivierung prägen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, welche Gestaltungsprinzipien Lern- und Entwicklungspotenziale in Crowdwork unterstützen. Aus berufs- und wirtschaftspädagogischer sowie arbeitssoziologischer Perspektive verbindet die Publikation theoretische Ansätze zu Arbeit, Beruf und Subjektivierung mit empirischen Ergebnissen aus Untersuchungen von Crowdwork-Plattformen in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext des Forschungsprojekts CKoBeLeP (2021-2024) eingeordnet und auf Implikationen für lernförderliche Plattformgestaltung bezogen. Geeignet für Studierende und Forschende der Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik, Arbeitssoziologie und Digitalisierungsforschung sowie für Akteur:innen in Arbeitsgestaltung, Weiterbildung und Plattformregulierung." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Automation and the risk of labor market exclusion across Europe (2026)
Zitatform
Lamperti, Fabio & Davide Castellani (2026): Automation and the risk of labor market exclusion across Europe. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 77, S. 62-76. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.014
Abstract
"Labor market exclusion represents a major concern in several European economies, particularly affecting highly exposed demographic groups. This paper examines the potential effect of automation technologies on the risk of being locked into protracted unemployment or inactivity, using Labour Force Survey data for the European Union 27 countries and the United Kingdom, between 2009 and 2019. Our study employs repeated cross-sections of individual-level data to compute probabilities of exclusion outcomes due to automation adoption, controlling for several individual, macroeconomic, and region-specific characteristics, and for potential selection mechanisms. Findings highlight that, on average, the adoption of new automation technologies is associated with a higher probability of being inactive. This is consistent with the view that automation may exacerbate job insecurity, psychological discouragement, and detachment from job-seeking. This relationship is heterogeneous across demographic groups, with younger individuals being relatively more affected." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Good Jobs or Bad Jobs? Immigrant Workers in the Gig Economy (2026)
Zitatform
Liu, Cathy Yang & Rory Renzy (2026): Good Jobs or Bad Jobs? Immigrant Workers in the Gig Economy. In: International migration review, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 114-138. DOI:10.1177/01979183241309585
Abstract
"New work arrangements enabled by online platforms, or gig work, saw substantive growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various estimates have suggested the wide participation of workers in the gig economy, with minority and immigrant workers well represented. The quality of work is a multi-dimensional concept that goes beyond earnings. One framework of good jobs and bad jobs centers on control over work schedule, content and duration, stability, safety, benefits and insurance, as well as career advancement opportunities. Using a newly released national survey focused on entrepreneurs and workers in the United States, we find that about 18.5 percent immigrant workers and 21.1 percent native-born workers participated in the gig economy as their primary or secondary job. In terms of job quality, immigrant gig workers work shorter hours and have significantly less fringe benefits than non-gig workers as well as U.S.-born gig workers, reflecting a double disadvantage. However, they tend to have higher entrepreneurial aspirations, suggesting the transient nature of gig arrangements and potential for career advancements. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and implication of immigrants’ engagement with the gig economy and offers policy and theoretical discussions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy (2026)
Zitatform
Maffie, Michael David & Hector Hurtado (2026): The Enshittification of Work: Platform Decay and Labour Conditions in the Gig Economy. In: BJIR, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 5-20. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70004
Abstract
"This study investigates the mechanisms by which gig platforms degrade labor conditions over time, building on the concept of platform decay, or ‘enshittification’, initially developed in the context of social media platforms. In this article, we draw on 30 interviews with long-term gig workers in the ride-hail and grocery delivery sectors, offering insights into how these companies shift from offering attractive working conditions to exploiting labor as these services develop market power via network effects. We identify three mechanisms through which gig companies claw back value from workers over time: burden shifting (transferring operational costs to workers), feature addition and alteration (increasing the demands on workers), and market manipulation (reducing worker bargaining power). We then explore how workers respond to platform decay, finding that workers adopt three responses: effort recalibration , multi-homing and navigating the changing conditions through what we term toxic resilience . This study contributes to the gig work literature by developing a framework to explain how working conditions in the gig economy improve or degrade over time. In doing so, this article provides a framework for organizing the growing constellation of labour research on gig workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Improving the effects of industrial robot adoption on employment, total factor productivity, and real wages in 52 world economies and OECD members (2026)
Zitatform
Matsuki, Takashi (2026): Improving the effects of industrial robot adoption on employment, total factor productivity, and real wages in 52 world economies and OECD members. In: Review of world economics, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1007/s10290-025-00626-z
Abstract
"This study investigates the effects of industrial robot adoption in the production process on unemployment rate, employment ratio in manufacturing, and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in 52 countries, and real wage growth in 31 and 20 OECD member countries for 2007–2019. The operating stock of robots per employee significantly impacts these variables; robot adoption lowers the unemployment rate and raises TFP and real wage growth. However, it reduces the employment ratio in manufacturing. In addition, the slight but significant positive contribution of robot adoption is observed only in the 90-percentile (top 10-percentile) of the real wage distribution. Interestingly, workers in the bottom and top tails (10- and 90-percentiles) of the wage distribution asymmetrically benefit from robotization. The industry ratio of value-added improves the labor market by reducing the unemployment rate and raising the employment ratio in manufacturing, TFP growth, and real wage growth. The information and communication technology (ICT) development also positively contributes to the employment ratio in Asia’s manufacturing, TFP growth, and real wage growth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gender bias in machine learning: insights from official labour statistics and textual analysis (2026)
Menis–Mastromichalakis, Orfeas ; Filandrianos, George; Stamou, Giorgos ; Parsanoglou, Dimitris ; Symeonaki, Maria ; Stamatopoulou, Glykeria ;Zitatform
Menis–Mastromichalakis, Orfeas, George Filandrianos, Maria Symeonaki, Glykeria Stamatopoulou, Dimitris Parsanoglou & Giorgos Stamou (2026): Gender bias in machine learning: insights from official labour statistics and textual analysis. In: Quality & quantity, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 619-653. DOI:10.1007/s11135-025-02261-0
Abstract
"The interplay between technology and societal norms often reveals a troubling reality: machine learning systems not only reflect existing gender stereotypes but can also amplify and entrench them, making these biases harder to detect and address. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods with recent technological advancements, such as machine learning techniques for textual analysis and computational linguistics, to offer a new framework for understanding occupational gender bias in machine learning. The study is motivated by persistent gender inequalities in the labor market and rising concerns about gendered algorithmic bias, as outlined in the European Commission’s Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Focusing on language translation technologies, the research explores how machine learning may perpetuate or amplify gender stereotypes, aiming to foster more inclusive digital systems aligned with EU strategic goals. More specifically, it investigates occupational gender segregation and its manifestations in various forms of gender bias in machine learning across English, French, and Greek. The study introduces a classification of gender biases in machine learning, providing insights into professional areas needing intervention to address gender imbalances and identifying enduring stereotypical representations in textual data. To support this, statistical analysis is conducted to explore gender variations in occupations over the past thirteen years, using official data and international classifications such as the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Moreover, gendered occupational distributions are extracted from 200,920 text instances in the three languages, revealing significant discrepancies between official labour statistics and the training data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial Intelligence and Productivity in Europe (2026)
Misch, Florian; Park, Ben; Sher, Galen; Pizzinelli, Carlo;Zitatform
Misch, Florian, Ben Park, Carlo Pizzinelli & Galen Sher (2026): Artificial Intelligence and Productivity in Europe. (CESifo working paper 12401), München, 37 S.
Abstract
"The discussion on Artificial Intelligence (AI) often centers around its impact on productivity, but macroeconomic evidence for Europe remains scarce. Using the Acemoglu (2024) approach we simulate the medium-term impact of AI adoption on total factor productivity for 31 European countries. We compile many scenarios by pooling evidence on which tasks will be automatable in the near term, using reduced-form regressions to predict AI adoption across Europe, and considering relevant regulation that restricts AI use heterogeneously across tasks, occupations and sectors. We find that the medium-term productivity gains for Europe as a whole are likely to be modest, at around 1 percent cumulatively over five years. While economically still moderate, these gains are still larger than estimates by Acemoglu (2024) for the US. They vary widely across scenarios and countries and are substantially larger in countries with higher incomes. Furthermore, we show that national and EU regulations around occupation-level requirements, AI safety, and data privacy combined could reduce Europe's productivity gains by over 30 percent if AI exposure were 50 percent lower in tasks, occupations and sectors affected by regulation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Machine learning for labor market matching (2026)
Zitatform
Mühlbauer, Sabrina & Enzo Weber (2026): Machine learning for labor market matching. In: Machine learning with applications, Jg. 23, 2026-02-03. DOI:10.1016/j.mlwa.2026.100861
Abstract
"This paper develops a large-scale machine learning framework to improve labor market matching using rich administrative data. Matching is defined as a job seeker entering employment in a specific occupational field. We exploit comprehensive employment biographies from Germany, covering individual characteristics and job-related information, to estimate employment probabilities across occupations and generate personalized job recommendations. The contribution lies in demonstrating why machine learning methods are particularly well suited for administrative labor market data and outperform traditional statistical approaches. We compare logit, ordinary least squares (OLS), k-nearest neighbors, and random forest (RF). RF consistently achieves the highest predictive performance. Its advantage is rooted in key methodological properties: RF builds an ensemble of decision trees trained on bootstrap samples, introduces random feature selection at each split, and aggregates predictions through majority voting. This enables RF to capture nonlinear relationships and complex interactions, remain robust in high-dimensional settings, and reduce overfitting — features that are particularly relevant for heterogeneous and imbalanced administrative data. Compared to conventional models, RF better exploits the full informational content of employment histories, especially when estimating on all employment spells rather than restricting the sample to unemployment-to-employment transitions. The sample comprises approximately 55 million spells, representing about 6 percent of the German workforce from 2012 to 2018. Our results suggest that ML-based matching, relative to standard statistical approaches, could hypothetically reduce the unemployment rate by up to 0.3 percentage points, highlighting the practical relevance of RF-based decision support for labor market policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
KI in Betrieben: Mehr Ausbildung – aber Weiterbildung zunehmend für anspruchsvollere Tätigkeiten (2026)
Mühlemann, Samuel;Zitatform
Mühlemann, Samuel (2026): KI in Betrieben. Mehr Ausbildung – aber Weiterbildung zunehmend für anspruchsvollere Tätigkeiten. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 79, H. 03, S. 09-13.
Abstract
"Auf Basis des BIBB-Betriebspanels werden die Folgen der Einführung von Künstlicher Intelligenz für die betriebliche Aus- und Weiterbildung in Deutschland analysiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass KI-einführende Ausbildungsbetriebe im Durchschnitt rund 14% mehr neue Auszubildende einstellen. Das spricht für verstärkte Investitionen in den internen Kompetenzaufbau im Zuge des technologischen Wandels. Zugleich verschiebt sich die betriebliche Weiterbildung zugunsten hochqualifizierter Tätigkeiten, während Beschäftigte in Fachkraft- und einfachen Tätigkeiten seltener teilnehmen. Daraus ergibt sich das Risiko einer kumulativen Benachteiligung Geringqualifizierter. Es werden drei wirtschaftspolitische Handlungsfelder abgeleitet: die bessere Integration Jugendlicher mit geringen schulischen Qualifikationen in die duale Ausbildung, eine zielgerichtete Weiterbildungsförderung für Geringqualifizierte sowie schnellere Aktualisierungszyklen für Ausbildungsordnungen und Rahmenlehrpläne." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How local labour market skill relatedness and size moderate the impacts of automation (2026)
Zitatform
Njekwa Ryberg, Peter (2026): How local labour market skill relatedness and size moderate the impacts of automation. In: Regional Studies, Jg. 60, H. 1. DOI:10.1080/00343404.2025.2598031
Abstract
"This paper examines how local labour market skill relatedness and size moderate the impacts of automation on occupations across Swedish local labour markets. Using administrative data and a spatially explicit risk of automation measure that accounts for regional differences in occupational task contents, it finds a negative association between automation and employment growth and wage income growth for non-metropolitan occupations between 2011 and 2021. Skill relatedness and labour market size mitigate these negative relationships. In contrast, no negative associations are found for metropolitan occupations. Due to their higher shares of non-automatable tasks, they are more resilient to adverse automation effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces (2026)
Zitatform
Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Giulia Santangelo (2026): Human-centred digital transitions and skill mismatches in European workplaces. (CEDEFOP working paper series / European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 2026,01), Luxembourg, 163 S. DOI:10.2801/9894877
Abstract
"New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU economies as individuals’ upskilling or reskilling is failing to adapt. To deepen understanding of how digitalisation is affecting the nature of work and skill mismatches in EU labour markets, Cedefop carried out the second wave of the European skills and jobs survey in 2021. In this special edition of Cedefop’s working paper series, ten original, short contributions have been drafted in which researchers explore in depth, for the first time, the ESJS2 microdata. The publication presents a wealth of focused and robust empirical analyses, covering a wide range of different issues on how the digital transition is affecting jobs, skills and training in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Moderne Ausbildungsinhalte machen Fachkräfte fit für den technologischen Wandel (2026)
Zitatform
Salomons, Anna, Cäcilia vom Baur & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2026): Moderne Ausbildungsinhalte machen Fachkräfte fit für den technologischen Wandel. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 79, H. 03, S. 4-8.
Abstract
"Digitale Technologien verändern die berufliche Ausbildung. Dies hat Folgen für die Erwerbsbiografien von Beschäftigten. Aktualisierte Ausbildungsinhalte helfen Beschäftigten, sich an neue Anforderungen anzupassen. Beschäftigte, die auf der modernisierten Ausbildungsverordnung ausgebildet wurden, verdienen mehr – in besonders vom technologischen Wandel betroffenen Berufen um bis zu 5,5%. Dagegen verlieren ältere Beschäftigte im selben Beruf oft an Einkommen, wenn die neu ausgebildeten Kohorten den Arbeitsmarkt erreichen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Effective Leadership, Teamwork Quality, and Their Association With Employees’ Perceived Digital Stress: A Multilevel Analysis (2026)
Zitatform
Schadow, Sophia-Aileen & Sandra Wolf (2026): Effective Leadership, Teamwork Quality, and Their Association With Employees’ Perceived Digital Stress. A Multilevel Analysis. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 70, H. 2, S. 43-54. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000461
Abstract
"The ongoing digitalization of work environments poses increasing challenges for employees, including heightened levels of digital stress. This study enhances our understanding of how leadership and team processes relate to employees’ experiences of digital stress. Specifically, we examined associations between effective leadership (EL) and perceived digital stress as well as whether teamwork quality (TWQ) moderates this relationship. We collected the data from a German IT service company ( N = 12,862, 1,207 teams). Multilevel analyses indicated that EL was linked to lower levels of digital stress at both the individual and team levels. This association was stronger in teams with high TWQ, particularly at the team level. Moreover, gender differences in perceived digital stress emerged. The findings provide initial evidence on contextual factors associated with digital stress and suggest directions for future research on leadership and team dynamics in increasingly digitalized work environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Chancen künstlicher Intelligenz für die Deckung des Fachkräftebedarfs im Mittelstand (2026)
Schneider, Sebastian; Becker, Felix; Löher, Jonas; Brink, Siegrun; Icks, Annette;Zitatform
Schneider, Sebastian, Siegrun Brink, Jonas Löher, Annette Icks & Felix Becker (2026): Chancen künstlicher Intelligenz für die Deckung des Fachkräftebedarfs im Mittelstand. (IfM-Materialien / Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn 312), Bonn, 32 S.
Abstract
"Diese Studie untersucht, welchen Beitrag der Einsatz von KI zur Deckung des Fachkräftebe darfs im Mittelstand leisten kann. Anhand exemplarischer Fallbeispiele werden Treiber und Hemmnisse sowohl für den substitutiven als auch den komplementären KI-Einsatz identifiziert. Es zeigt sich: Das Potenzial von KI zur Deckung des Fachkräftebedarfs hängt von ihrer Ein satzart ab. Die Unternehmen nutzen KI derzeit vor allem substitutiv, indem einzelne Tätigkeiten übernommen und Beschäftigte entlastet werden, ohne Arbeitsplätze abzubauen. Auf diese Weise kann der KI-Einsatz Stellenbesetzungsprobleme mindern und indirekt zur Verringerung des Fachkräftemangels beitragen. Perspektivisch ist ein zunehmend komplementärer KI-Ein satz zu erwarten, der Tätigkeitsprofile sowie Qualifikationsanforderungen nachhaltig verän dert. Das kann neue Stellenbesetzungsprobleme und potenziell einen zunehmenden Fach kräftemangel nach sich ziehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Where Have All the (Boomer) Routine Workers Gone? (2026)
Scotese, Carol A.;Zitatform
Scotese, Carol A. (2026): Where Have All the (Boomer) Routine Workers Gone? In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, S. 1-44. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2024-0396
Abstract
"This paper examines the employment outcomes of a cohort of non-college educated individuals who exit employment from occupations most exposed to automation risk. The analysis employs a novel set of granular task measures estimated from the detailed job attributes in the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The granularity enables a rich characterization of non-routine work and task mobility choices for those without a college degree. The data yield multiple types of interpersonal, decision-making, cognitive, and technical tasks. Employing the granular tasks to analyze the employment outcomes for non-college educated workers who transition out of routine work, this study finds (1) the granular measures detect abstract tasks performed intensively in a range of skill contexts, (2) when exiting routine intensive work, non-college propensity to enter abstract work is just under 65 %, and (3) approximately one-quarter of those entries are into tasks yielding average wage gains for those making that transition." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Automation as an Equalizer: How Easy‐to‐Use Technologies Narrow Skill Gaps Between Low‐ and High‐Skilled Workers (2026)
Zitatform
Sharfaei, Shahab & Nopadol Rompho (2026): Automation as an Equalizer: How Easy‐to‐Use Technologies Narrow Skill Gaps Between Low‐ and High‐Skilled Workers. In: Journal of Economic Surveys. DOI:10.1111/joes.70072
Abstract
"This paper investigates the labor market effects of the two most disruptive technologies of the past decade–industrial robots and artificialintelligence (AI). By reviewing the empirical literature and discussing existing models, we explore how these technologies affect workers based on their level of skills. The reviewed studies indicate that, contrary to popular belief, AI use does not hurt workers, including the low-skilled. On the contrary, the ease of using these technologies, particularly the more recent iterations of AI and large language models (LLMs), makes them complimentary to the low-skilled workforce, enabling them to reach productivity levels closer to those of high skilled workers. This implies that the concerns about systemic AI-driven job displacements are not strongly supported by the recently emergent empirical evidence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Envisioning the Future of Work: From Ideas to Reforms (2026)
Zitatform
Spencer, David A. (2026): Envisioning the Future of Work: From Ideas to Reforms. In: BJIR, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1111/bjir.70035
Abstract
"Two different theoretical perspectives concerning technology and the future of work are examined. One is linked to mainstream economics, whereas the other is associated with critical (‘post-work ’) discourse. Ideas about work—its nature and impacts on well-being—matter in both perspectives. Indeed, they shape visions of a ‘better’ or ‘ideal’ future. They also influence policy responses to new technology. A critique is presented of the ways that work and its possible futures are understood. This critique is used to develop a different set of ideas about how technology might be harnessed to reduce the burden and raise the quality of work. The ability of ideas to effect reforms in and of work—ideas that have currency now and possible radical alternatives—is also assessed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
AI Skills Improve Job Prospects: Causal Evidence from a Hiring Experiment (2026)
Zitatform
Stephany, Fabian, Ole Teutloff & Angelo Leone (2026): AI Skills Improve Job Prospects: Causal Evidence from a Hiring Experiment. (arXiv papers), 46 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2601.13286
Abstract
"The growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has heightened interest in the labour market value of AI-related skills, yet causal evidence on their role in hiring decisions remains scarce. This study examines whether AI skills serve as a positive hiring signal and whether they can offset conventional disadvantages such as older age or lower formal education. We conduct an experimental survey with 1,700 recruiters from the United Kingdom and the United States. Using a paired conjoint design, recruiters evaluated hypothetical candidates represented by synthetically designed résumés. Across three occupations – graphic designer, officeassistant, and software engineer –, AI skills significantly increase interview invitation probabilities by approximately 8 to 15 percentage points. AI skills also partially or fully offset disadvantages related to age and lower education, with effects strongest for office assistants, where formal AI certification plays an additional compensatory role. Effects are weaker for graphic designers, consistent with more skeptical recruiter attitudes toward AI in creative work. Finally, recruiters’ own background and AI usage significantly moderate these effects. Overall, the findings demonstrate that AI skills function as a powerful hiring signal and can mitigate traditional labour market disadvantages, with implications for workers’ skill acquisition strategies and firms’ recruitment practices." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
‘Woeful Pay, But Still, I Enjoy It’: Refining Subjective Job Quality in Ride‐Share Work (2026)
Zitatform
Veen, Alex, Tom Barratt, Caleb Goods & Marian Baird (2026): ‘Woeful Pay, But Still, I Enjoy It’: Refining Subjective Job Quality in Ride‐Share Work. In: New Technology, Work and Employment, Jg. 41, H. 1, S. 15-26. DOI:10.1111/ntwe.70001
Abstract
"Workers who experience structural barriers in the labor market are overrepresented in the gig economy. There is limited research on how the broader context of labor markets and welfare systems shapes workers' motivations for, and subjective understandings of, ride-share work. Using established concepts of ‘constrained agency ’, ‘labor market objectives’ and ‘life stories’ from labor geography, this study develops a conceptual framework to advance subjective understandings of job quality. Drawing upon 59 interviews with workers from three distinct but overlapping disadvantaged groups (workers with disability, caring responsibilities and/or aged 45 and over), we focus on the experiences of and motivations for the work on a market-leading platform in Australia. Our findings highlight that subjective job quality perceptions are a complex mesh of individual circumstances and multi-layered social structures. Our framework helps to better understand why the work organisation and technology of the platform are valued by some yet loathed by others." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence and technological unemployment (2026)
Zitatform
Wang, Ping & Tsz-Nga Wong (2026): Artificial intelligence and technological unemployment. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 158. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2026.103905
Abstract
"How large are the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on labor productivity and unemployment? We develop a labor-search model of technological unemployment where AI learns from workers, raises productivity, and displaces them if renegotiation fails. The model admits three steady states: no AI; some AI with limited capability, more job creation but higher unemployment; unbounded AI with endogenous growth and employment gains. Calibrated to U.S. data, the model implies a threefold productivity gain in the long run for workers exposed to AI but a 23% employment loss, half within five years. Plausible parameters give rise to global and local indeterminacy with endogenous cycles in productivity and unemployment, underscoring the uncertainty of AI’s impacts in line with a wide range of empiricalfindings. Equilibria are inefficient despite the Hosios condition; subsidizing jobs at risk of AI displacement is constrained optimal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Changing Job Tasks as Risk or Chance for Employees’ Perceived Job Quality? A Longitudinal Analysis (2026)
Zitatform
Zeyer-Gliozzo, Birgit, Carolin Kunz, Jakob Schwerter & Martina Brandt (2026): Changing Job Tasks as Risk or Chance for Employees’ Perceived Job Quality? A Longitudinal Analysis. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 78, H. 1, S. 61-86. DOI:10.1007/s11577-025-01043-8
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich Arbeitsaufgaben erheblich verändert, was in erster Linie auf den technologischen Wandel zurückzuführen ist. Einige Tätigkeiten können von Maschinen übernommen werden, während andere an Bedeutung gewinnen. Dies kann sich auf zweierlei Weise auf die Beschäftigten auswirken: Einerseits können veränderte Tätigkeiten die wahrgenommene Arbeitsqualität verringern, beispielsweise durch kognitive Überlastung. Andererseits können Tätigkeitsveränderungen eine Chance sein, beispielsweise durch die Automatisierung unerwünschter Tätigkeiten wie schwerer körperlicher Arbeit. Diese Studie analysiert anhand von Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels, wie sich Aufgabenänderungen auf individueller Ebene auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit als Maß für die wahrgenommene Arbeitsqualität auswirken. Fixed-Effects-Modelle zeigen, dass weniger manuelle sowie mehr analytische und autonome Tätigkeiten die Arbeitszufriedenheit signifikant verbessern, was auf positive Auswirkungen vergangener Aufgabenänderungen hindeutet. Allerdings beobachten wir auch altersbedingte Unterschiede, wobei ältere Beschäftigte eine geringere Zufriedenheit angeben, wenn sie weniger Routineaufgaben ausführen. Diese Ergebnisse liefern wertvolle Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen sich verändernder Arbeitsaufgaben und zeigen Bereiche auf, in denen weitere Forschung und politische Maßnahmen erforderlich sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026: Exploring Effective Uses of Generative AI in Education (2026)
Zitatform
(2026): OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026: Exploring Effective Uses of Generative AI in Education. (OECD digital education outlook 2026), Paris, 244 S. DOI:10.1787/062a7394-en
Abstract
"Generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping the educational landscape, beyond teaching and learning. Unlike earlier waves of education technology, much of GenAI is freely accessible and largely used beyond institutional control due to its intuitiveness and versatility. The OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026 analyses emerging research that suggests GenAI can support learning when guided by clear teaching principles. However, if designed or used without pedagogical guidance, outsourcing tasks to GenAI simply enhances performance with no real learning gains. The Outlook highlights the benefits of GenAI as a tutor, partner and assistant, and synthesises experts’ evidence and insights on the design criteria that make it work for education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Technology, Older Workers: How Workplace Technology is Associated with Indicators of Job Retention (2025)
Zitatform
Abrams, Leah, Daniel Schneider & Kristen Harknett (2025): New Technology, Older Workers: How Workplace Technology is Associated with Indicators of Job Retention. In: Journal of Aging & Social Policy, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1080/08959420.2025.2523122
Abstract
"Middle-aged and older adults who are employed in precarious, high-strain jobs may face challenges to continued work, risking economic insecurity and poor wellbeing in retirement. Technology in the workplace, an under-studied aspect of work environments, could accommodate aging workers or could add stress to their jobs. This study examines how technology in sales and surveillance at work are related to job satisfaction and planned job exits among approximately 6,000 workers aged 50–69 employed in the low-wage service sector (e.g. retail, pharmacy, grocery, hardware, fast food, casual dining, delivery, and hotel). On-the-job surveillance was related to lower job satisfaction and higher reports of looking for a new job, especially when combined with sanctioning for slow speed of work. However, rewards for speed, and to a lesser extent the use of leaderboards, were associated with higher job satisfaction, demonstrating the potential of technology to enhance the work experience for older employees. The use of sales technologies was not associated with job satisfaction or intentions to look for a new job. These results provide a uniquely detailed portrait of prevailing labor market conditions for aging workers in the service sector and demonstrate how certain kinds of technology matter for older workers ’ employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence in work design: unlocking inclusion and overcoming barriers (2025)
Adolph, Lars; Kirchhoff, Britta Marleen; Hamideh Kerdar, Sara;Zitatform
Adolph, Lars, Britta Marleen Kirchhoff & Sara Hamideh Kerdar (2025): Artificial intelligence in work design: unlocking inclusion and overcoming barriers. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Jg. 79, H. 2, S. 197-205. DOI:10.1007/s41449-025-00467-4
Abstract
"This article examines the protection goal of “exclusion prevention” and the design requirement of “design for inclusion and accessibility”, which are part of the initial considerations for a roadmap on artificial intelligence (AI) in occupational science research. The proposed roadmap systematically breaks down framework conditions, design requirements, instrumental goals and protection goals. The concept presented provides guidance for future research and can also serve as a basis for scientific policy advice. The in-depth examination of inclusion and AI takes place against the background that, on the one hand these aspects are underrepresented in occupational science research, and technological development can lead to a surge of change, particularly in the area of inclusive work design, on the other. Two expert workshops were held to answer the research question of what opportunities and risks AI technologies offer for the professional integration of people with disabilities, and what research and development needs to exist. The results show that some useful systems already exist, but that they can also have negative effects and that there is a need for further development. Practical relevance: The presented aspects of the roadmap on artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of occupational science research is relevant for both companies and policy actors who want to gain a systematic overview of AI in the world of work. A particular focus is on the issue of inclusive work design. In an expert workshop, it became clear that an optimistic view of the use of artificial intelligence for inclusive work design prevails both in companies or workshops employing people with disabilities and in the field of consulting. At the same time, however, development needs and potential risks were identified. The results provide an overview of the current potential uses of AI and are also of interest to companies that do not yet employ people with disabilities but are planning to do so." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Genius on Demand: The Value of Transformative Artificial Intelligence (2025)
Zitatform
Agrawal, Ajay K., Joshua S. Gans & Avi Goldfarb (2025): Genius on Demand: The Value of Transformative Artificial Intelligence. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 34316), Cambridge, Mass, 20 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines how the emergence of transformative AI systems providing ``genius on demand" would affect knowledge worker allocation and labour market outcomes. We develop a simple model distinguishing between routine knowledge workers, who can only apply existing knowledge with some uncertainty, and genius workers, who create new knowledge at a cost increasing with distance from a known point. When genius capacity is scarce, we find it should be allocated primarily to questions at domain boundaries rather than at midpoints between known answers. The introduction of AI geniuses fundamentally transforms this allocation. In the short run, human geniuses specialise in questions that are furthest from existing knowledge, where their comparative advantage over AI is greatest. In the long run, routine workers may be completely displaced if AI efficiency approaches human genius efficiency." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial Intelligence in the European Labour Markets (2025)
Alasalmi, Juho;Zitatform
Alasalmi, Juho (2025): Artificial Intelligence in the European Labour Markets. (DIFIS-Impuls 2026,1), Duisburg ; Bremen, 4 S.
Abstract
"This review surveys the emerging evidence regarding the effects of artificial intelligence technologies in the labour market and on labour market inequality through the lens of the theoretical framework of task-based production and the literature in the field of economics on technological change. The evidence analysed concerns the time period after the early 2010s, with an emphasis on the effects of generative AI after 2022. The focus is on research studying European labour markets. After outlining the context of routine- and skill-biased technological change and job polarisation, the existing evidence regarding AI adoption in production and its effects on productivity and employment is reviewed. The review concludes with a discussion on labour market policy that mediates the effects of AI on the distribution of productivity gains and the direction of technological change and a consideration of the effect of technological change on attitudes toward labour market policy and democracy itself." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America (2025)
Zitatform
Ametowobla, Dzifa & Stefan Kirchner (2025): Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America. In: Socio-economic review, Jg. 23, H. 2, S. 899-931. DOI:10.1093/ser/mwae079
Abstract
"This article challenges the idea of platform capitalism, that digital platforms implement a uniform model based on a self-employed labor force. Expanding on empirical evidence of a diversity of platform models, we theorize expectations about platform diversity from competition and comparative capitalism research. Using a unique cross-national dataset of leading food delivery platforms in 32 countries across North America and Europe, we compare platform models and competitive relations across national institutional regimes. Our analyses uncover a considerable diversity of platform models across Europe, in contrast to a clear uniformity in North America. We also find that the use of self-employment varies across and within large multinational corporations and is most prevalent in countries of the lightly regulated regime type. Our results call for an economic sociology perspective on the platform economy that integrates a general concept of platforms but allows for diversity stemming from competition and different national regimes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen 2025 (2025)
Anger, Silke ; Wolter, Stefanie ; Lietzmann, Torsten ; Lehmer, Florian ; Jahn, Elke; Leber, Ute; Wolff, Joachim; Artmann, Elisabeth ; Wenzig, Claudia; Lang, Julia ; Wanger, Susanne ; Kuhn, Sarah; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Kubis, Alexander; Walwei, Ulrich ; Trenkle, Simon ; Braun, Wolfgang; Brücker, Herbert ; Stops, Michael ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Stepanok, Ignat ; Janssen, Simon; Roth, Duncan ; Janser, Markus ; Rauch, Angela ; Jahn, Elke J. ; Popp, Martin ; Hohmeyer, Katrin ; Müller, Dana ; Hohendanner, Christian ; Mense, Andreas ; Hiesinger, Karolin ; Zika, Gerd ; Heß, Pascal ; Weber, Enzo ; Hellwagner, Timon ; Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Haas, Anette; Seibert, Holger; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Ramos Lobato, Philipp; Gläser, Nina; Müller, Christoph ; Gherbaoui, Samia; Arntz, Melanie ; Gellermann, Jan; Stephan, Gesine ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Dietz, Martin; Bächmann, Ann-Christin ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Matthes, Britta ; Collischon, Matthias ; Reims, Nancy ; Christoph, Bernhard ;Zitatform
Anger, Silke, Melanie Arntz, Elisabeth Artmann, Ann-Christin Bächmann, Wolfgang Braun, Kerstin Bruckmeier, Herbert Brücker, Bernhard Christoph, Matthias Collischon, Wolfgang Dauth, Martin Dietz, Bernd Fitzenberger, Jan Gellermann, Samia Gherbaoui, Nina Gläser, Nicole Gürtzgen, Anette Haas, Timon Hellwagner, Pascal Heß, Karolin Hiesinger, Christian Hohendanner, Katrin Hohmeyer, Elke J. Jahn, Markus Janser, Simon Janssen, Stefanie Wolter, Torsten Lietzmann, Florian Lehmer, Ute Leber, Joachim Wolff, Claudia Wenzig, Julia Lang, Susanne Wanger, Sarah Kuhn, Philipp Vom Berge, Alexander Kubis, Ulrich Walwei, Simon Trenkle, Michael Stops, Yuliya Kosyakova, Ignat Stepanok, Duncan Roth, Angela Rauch, Martin Popp, Dana Müller, Andreas Mense, Gerd Zika, Enzo Weber, Holger Seibert, Philipp Ramos Lobato, Christoph Müller, Gesine Stephan, Michael Oberfichtner, Britta Matthes & Nancy Reims (2025): Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarktthemen 2025. Nürnberg, 21 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.GP.2505.1
Abstract
"Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz, Dekarbonisierung und demografischer Wandel werden den Arbeitsmarkt in den kommenden Jahren erheblich verändern. Gleichzeitig wird eine Deindustrialisierung Deutschlands befürchtet. Handlungsbedarf besteht beispielsweise bei der Sicherung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs – und damit verbunden bei den Themen Aus- und Weiterbildung –, bei der Reduzierung der Arbeitslosigkeit und insbesondere der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit sowie bei der sozialen Absicherung von Solo-Selbständigen Zu all diesen und zahlreichen weiteren wichtigen Themen fasst die IAB-Broschüre „Zentrale Befunde zu aktuellen Arbeitsmarkt-Themen 2025“ die zentralen wissenschaftlichen Befunde kompakt zusammen. Sie bietet zudem Handlungsempfehlungen für die Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die aus den wissenschaftlichen Befunden abgeleitet wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Anger, Silke ; Wolter, Stefanie ; Lietzmann, Torsten ; Lehmer, Florian ; Leber, Ute; Wolff, Joachim; Artmann, Elisabeth ; Wenzig, Claudia; Lang, Julia ; Wanger, Susanne ; Kuhn, Sarah; Vom Berge, Philipp ; Kubis, Alexander; Walwei, Ulrich ; Trenkle, Simon ; Braun, Wolfgang; Brücker, Herbert ; Stops, Michael ; Kosyakova, Yuliya ; Stepanok, Ignat ; Janssen, Simon; Roth, Duncan ; Janser, Markus ; Rauch, Angela ; Jahn, Elke J. ; Popp, Martin ; Hohmeyer, Katrin ; Müller, Dana ; Hohendanner, Christian ; Mense, Andreas ; Hiesinger, Karolin ; Zika, Gerd ; Heß, Pascal ; Weber, Enzo ; Hellwagner, Timon ; Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Haas, Anette; Seibert, Holger; Gürtzgen, Nicole ; Ramos Lobato, Philipp; Gläser, Nina; Müller, Christoph ; Arntz, Melanie ; Gellermann, Jan; Stephan, Gesine ; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Dietz, Martin; Bächmann, Ann-Christin ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Matthes, Britta ; Collischon, Matthias ; Reims, Nancy ; Christoph, Bernhard ; -
Literaturhinweis
Low Barriers, High Stakes: Formal and Informal Diffusion of AI in the Workplace (2025)
Arntz, Melanie ; Wischniewski, Sascha ; Dorau, Ralf; Hartwig, Matthias; Tisch, Anita ; Schlenker, Oliver; Meyer, Sophie-Charlotte ; Brüll, Eduard ; Baum, Myriam; Matthes, Britta ;Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Myriam Baum, Eduard Brüll, Ralf Dorau, Matthias Hartwig, Britta Matthes, Sophie-Charlotte Meyer, Oliver Schlenker, Anita Tisch & Sascha Wischniewski (2025): Low Barriers, High Stakes: Formal and Informal Diffusion of AI in the Workplace. (Ifo working papers 422), München, 28 S.
Abstract
"Artificial intelligence (AI) is diffusing rapidly in the workplace, yet aggregate productivity gains remain limited. This paper examines the dual diffusion of AI – through both formal, employer-led and informal, employee-initiated adoption – as potential explanation. Using a representative survey of nearly 10,000 employees in Germany, we document a high extensive but low intensive margin of usage: while 64 percent use AI tools, only 20 percent use them frequently. This diffusion is strongly skill-biased and depends less on establishment and regional characteristics. While formality is associated with more frequent usage, training, AI-based supervision, and higher perceived productivity gains, it does not broaden access. These patterns suggest that widespread informal usage can coexist with limited productivity effects when complementary investments and organizational integration lag behind." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigung (DiWaBe 2.0): Eine Datengrundlage für die Erforschung von Künstlicher Intelligenz und anderer Technologien in der Arbeitswelt (2025)
Arntz, Melanie ; Baum, Myriam; Brüll, Eduard ; Wischniewski, Sascha ; Matthes, Britta ; Hartwig, Matthias; Meyer, Sophie-Charlotte ; Dorau, Ralf; Schlenker, Oliver; Lehmer, Florian ; Tisch, Anita ;Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Myriam Baum, Eduard Brüll, Ralf Dorau, Matthias Hartwig, Florian Lehmer, Britta Matthes, Sophie-Charlotte Meyer, Oliver Schlenker, Anita Tisch & Sascha Wischniewski (2025): Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigung (DiWaBe 2.0): Eine Datengrundlage für die Erforschung von Künstlicher Intelligenz und anderer Technologien in der Arbeitswelt. (baua: Bericht), Dortmund, 48 S. DOI:10.21934/baua:bericht20250225
Abstract
"In Deutschland nutzt bereits mehr als die Hälfte der Beschäftigten Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) am Arbeitsplatz - überwiegend jedoch informell. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass viele Beschäftigte KI als hilfreiche Unterstützung wahrnehmen, zugleich aber die formelle Einführung seitens der Betriebe den Erwartungen der Beschäftigten hinterherhinkt. Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert die Ergebnisse der DiWaBe 2.0-Befragung, einer repräsentativen Querschnittserhebung von rund 9.800 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten in Deutschland, die im Jahr 2024 durchgeführt wurde. Ziel der Befragung ist es, eine Datengrundlage zu schaffen, um die Auswirkungen des technologischen Wandels - und insbesondere von KI - auf die Arbeitswelt abzuschätzen. Im Fokus stehen dabei vor allem Veränderungen von Tätigkeiten und Anforderungen am Arbeitsplatz, Arbeitsbedingungen und -organisation, Weiterbildungsaktivitäten sowie die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Nutzung von KI stark von individuellen und beruflichen Faktoren wie Berufssegment, Bildung, Alter und Geschlecht abhängt. So nutzt nur knapp ein Drittel der Beschäftigten ohne Bildungsabschluss KI, während dieser Anteil bei Beschäftigten mit Hochschul-, Meister-oder Technikerabschluss fast 80 % beträgt. Erste multivariate Analysen zeigen, dass Beschäftigte, die ihre KI-Nutzung in den letzten fünf Jahren intensiviert haben, von komplexeren Tätigkeitsanforderungen berichten, insbesondere in den Bereichen Schreiben, Programmierung und Mathematik. Zudem ist eine intensivierte KI-Nutzung mit einer höheren Arbeitsautonomie, aber auch mit einer höheren Arbeitsintensität verbunden. Es zeigt sich jedoch kein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung von KI und der Gesundheit der Beschäftigten. Zudem unterscheiden sich Beschäftigte mit KI-Nutzung nicht von Nichtnutzenden hinsichtlich ihrer Teilnahme an Weiterbildung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities (2025)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Cäcilia Lipowski, Guido Neidhöfer & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2025): Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 43, H. 2, S. 503-543., 2023-08-18. DOI:10.1086/727490
Abstract
"This paper analyzes whether technological change improves equality of labor market opportunities by increasing the returns to skills relative to the returns to parental background. We find that in Germany during the 1990s, the introduction of computer technologies improved the access to technology-adopting occupations for workers with low-educated parents, and reduced their wage penalty within these occupations. We also show that this significantly contributed to a decline in the overall wage penalty experienced by workers from disadvantaged parental back-grounds over this time period. Competing mechanisms, such as skill-specific labor supply shocks and skill-upgrading, do not explain these findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Abgehängt? Frauen nutzen KI beruflich viel seltener als Männer (2025)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Eduard Brüll, Carola Burkert & Britta Matthes (2025): Abgehängt? Frauen nutzen KI beruflich viel seltener als Männer. In: IAB-Forum – Grafik aktuell H. 20.05.2025. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.GA.20250520.01
Abstract
"Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wird weitreichende Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsmarkt haben. Bereits heute werden KI-Kompetenzen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zunehmend nachgefragt. Ergebnisse unserer aktuellen Beschäftigtenbefragung zu „Digitalisierung und Wandel der Arbeit (DiWaBe)“ zeigen, dass Frauen KI bei ihrer Arbeit deutlich seltener nutzen als Männer, was die bestehenden Geschlechterungleichheiten eher verfestigen als nivellieren dürfte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie sämtliche aktuellen Grafiken -
Literaturhinweis
Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work (2025)
Aroles, Jeremy ; Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, Aurelie ; Hassard, John ; Granter, Edward ; Foster, William M.;Zitatform
Aroles, Jeremy, Aurelie Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, John Hassard, William M. Foster & Edward Granter (2025): Won’t Get Fooled Again? Theorizing Discursive Constructions of Novelty in the ‘New’ World of Work. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 39, H. 4, S. 882-903. DOI:10.1177/09500170241300948
Abstract
"This article outlines how notions of novelty define today’s work practices and debates what the discursive construction of work as ‘new’ means. On the one hand, we highlight a misplaced emphasis on change and novelty that can lead to unnecessary dichotomization in the characterization and discursive construction of work practices and organizational phenomena. On the other, we specify substantive continuities in a range of strategic, organizational and employment arrangements. As such, we contend that a critical evaluation of key characteristics of contemporary work reveals that they are often not unique. Instead, these characteristics reflect the extending, rebranding or reshaping of measures and processes fashioned in earlier forms of value production. Ultimately, we theorize how the promotion of the ‘new’ world of work reflects structures and practices somehow altered in appearance, yet still analogous in substance, to those found in the traditional employment and production fabric of organizations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Impact of Aging and AI on Japan's Labor Market: Challenges and Opportunities (2025)
Asao, Kohei; Seitani, Haruki; Stepanyan, Ara; Xu, TengTeng;Zitatform
Asao, Kohei, Haruki Seitani, Ara Stepanyan & TengTeng Xu (2025): The Impact of Aging and AI on Japan's Labor Market: Challenges and Opportunities. (IMF working papers / International Monetary Fund 2025,184), Washington, DC, 17 S.
Abstract
"This paper explores the complex roles of demographic changes and technological innovation in shaping Japan's labor market. We use regression analysis to assess the impact of population aging on labor productivity and shortages. Our findings indicate that the aging workforce contributes to labor shortages and potentially weighs on labor productivity. We also investigate occupational level data to identify the complementarity and substitutability of AI in occupational tasks as well as skill transferability. Our research reveals that Japanese workers face lower exposure to AI compared to their counterparts in other advanced economies, thereby constraining AI's potential to mitigate labor shortages. Furthermore, the disparities in skill requirements across occupations with different AI exposures highlight the importance of facilitating labor mobility from displaced jobs to those in demand." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Notes on a World with Generative AI (2025)
Askitas, Nikolaos;Zitatform
Askitas, Nikolaos (2025): Notes on a World with Generative AI. (CESifo working paper 12070), München, 27 S.
Abstract
"Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are moving into domains once seen as uniquely human—reasoning, synthesis, abstraction, and rhetoric. Addressed to labor economists and informed readers, this paper clarifies what is truly new about LLMs, what is not, and why it matters. Using an analogy to autoregressive models from economics, we explain their stochastic nature, whose fluency is often mistaken for agency. We situate LLMs in the longer history of human–machine outsourcing, from digestion to cognition, and examine disruptive effects on white-collar labor, institutions, and epistemic norms. Risks emerge when synthetic content becomes both product and input, creating feedback loops that erode originality and reliability. Grounding the discussion in conceptual clarity over hype, we argue that while GenAI may substitute for some labor, statistical limits will preserve a key role for human judgment. The question is not only how these tools are used, but which tasks we relinquish and how we reallocate expertise in a new division of cognitive labor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Handel im Umbruch: Transformation, Beschäftigung und Qualifizierung im Bremer Einzelhandel (2025)
Zitatform
Assmus, Josephine (2025): Handel im Umbruch. Transformation, Beschäftigung und Qualifizierung im Bremer Einzelhandel. (Reihe Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Bremen 52), Bremen: Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft (IAW), Universität Bremen und Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen, 29 S.
Abstract
"Der Einzelhandel befindet sich in einem umfassenden Strukturwandel, der durch tiefgreifende technologische, demografische und ökonomische Veränderungen geprägt ist. Parallel dazu führen veränderte Konsummuster, zunehmende Marktvolatilität und eine Erosion der Tarifbindung zu erheblichen Anpassungsanforderungen für Beschäftigte und Betriebe. Der Einzelhandel ist dabei durch eine ausgeprägte Heterogenität hinsichtlich Betriebsgrößen, Beschäftigungsformen und Branchensegmenten gekennzeichnet und zugleich durch hohe Teilzeitquoten, einen überdurchschnittlichen Frauenanteil sowie prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse geprägt. Der vorliegende Branchenbericht untersucht am Beispiel des Landes Bremen die Auswirkungen von Digitalisierung, demografischem Wandel und Fachkräftemangel auf die Beschäftigtenstruktur, Arbeitsprozesse und Qualifikationsanforderungen im Einzelhandel. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass digitale Technologien sowohl Substituierungspotenziale als auch neue Belastungsfaktoren erzeugen. Während Automatisierung und digitale Assistenzsysteme Tätigkeitsprofile verändern und physische Arbeit entlasten können, erhöhen sie zugleich den kognitiven und zeitlichen Druck. Für eine sozialverträgliche Gestaltung des Wandels sind daher erweiterte Mitbestimmungsrechte, gezielte Qualifizierungsstrategien und eine Stärkung der Tarifbindung erforderlich. Qualifizierung und Weiterbildung müssen als zentrale Handlungsfelder institutionell verankert und gleichstellungspolitisch flankiert werden, um Beschäftigungsperspektiven und Teilhabechancen - insbesondere für Frauen - im transformierten Einzelhandel langfristig zu sichern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The Labor Market Impact of Digital Technologies (2025)
Zitatform
Aum, Sangmin & Yongseok Shin (2025): The Labor Market Impact of Digital Technologies. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 33469), Cambridge, Mass, 17 S.
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of digital technology on employment patterns in Korea, where firms have rapidly adopted digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the internet of things (IoT). By exploiting regional variations in technology exposure, we find significant negative effects on high-skill and female workers, particularly those in non-IT (information technology) services. This contrasts with previous technological disruptions, such as the IT revolution and robotization, which primarily affected low-skill male workers in manufacturing. In IT services, although high-skill employment declined, vacancy postings for high-skill workers increased, implying a shift in labor demand toward newer skill sets. These findings highlight both the labor displacement and the new opportunities generated by digital transformation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On automation, labor reallocation and welfare (2025)
Zitatform
Auray, Stéphane & Aurélien Eyquem (2025): On automation, labor reallocation and welfare. In: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Jg. 177. DOI:10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105129
Abstract
"We develop an open-economy model of endogenous automation with heterogeneous firms and labor-market reallocation to quantify the contribution of various trends to the adoption of robots in the U.S. economy. The decline in the relative price of robots is the major trend leading to automation, but interacts with other trends that either hinder (rising entry costs, rising markups) or slightly foster (rising labor productivity, declining trade costs) the adoption of robots. Taken alone, the decline in the relative price of robots produces moderate welfare gains in the long run, but less than labor productivity growth. We then exploit our model to show that a decline in the relative price of robots (i) generates small positive cross-country automation spillovers and (ii) produces inefficient labor-market reallocation since a small subsidy on robots combined with a training subsidy can generate small welfare gains. Our main conclusion is that automation can not be simply modeled as an exogenous decline in the price of robots, and must be analyzed in a broader framework taking into account trends affecting firms, such as the decline in business dynamism and the rise in markups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Expertise (2025)
Autor, David; Thompson, Neil;Zitatform
Autor, David & Neil Thompson (2025): Expertise. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 1203-1271. DOI:10.1093/jeea/jvaf023
Abstract
"When job tasks are automated, does this augment or diminish the value of labor in the tasks that remain? We argue the answer depends on whether removing tasks raises or reduces the expertise required for remaining non-automated tasks. Since the same task may be relatively expert in one occupation and inexpert in another, automation can simultaneously replace experts in some occupations while augmenting expertise in others. We propose a conceptual model of occupational task bundling that predicts that changing occupational expertise requirements have countervailing wage and employment effects: automation that decreases expertise requirements reduces wages but permits the entry of less expert workers; automation that raises requirements raises wages but reduces the set of qualified workers. We develop a novel, content-agnostic method for measuring job task expertise, and we use it to quantify changes in occupational expertise demands over four decades attributable to job task removal and addition. We document that automation has raised wages and reduced employment in occupations where it eliminated inexpert tasks, but lowered wages and increased employment in occupations where it eliminated expert tasks. These effects are distinct from—and in the case of employment,opposite to—the effects of changing task quantities. The expertise framework resolves the puzzle of why routine task automation has lowered employment but often raised wages in routine task-intensive occupations. It provides a general tool for analyzing how task automation and new task creation reshape the scarcity value of human expertise within and across occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fehlzeiten-Report 2025: KI und Gesundheit - Möglichkeiten nutzen, Risiken bewältigen, Orientierung geben (2025)
Zitatform
Badura, Bernhard, Antje Ducki, Markus Meyer, Johanna Baumgardt & Helmut Schröder (Hrsg.) (2025): Fehlzeiten-Report 2025. KI und Gesundheit - Möglichkeiten nutzen, Risiken bewältigen, Orientierung geben. (Fehlzeiten-Report 27), Berlin: Springer, 735 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-71885-8
Abstract
"Der jährlich erscheinende Fehlzeiten-Report informiert umfassend über die Entwicklung des Krankenstandes von Beschäftigten in Deutschland. Neben detaillierten Sekundäranalysen von Versichertendaten werden empirische Studienergebnisse, zeitgemäße methodische Herangehensweisen und Leuchtturmprojekte der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung vorgestellt. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller technischer Entwicklungen beleuchtet der Fehlzeiten-Report 2025 schwerpunktmäßig Chancen und Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Arbeitswelt. Er bietet einen orientierenden Überblick zu den Auswirkungen des Einsatzes von KI auf die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung, Arbeitsumgebungen, Führung und Beschäftigte in Organisationen und erörtert aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven u.a die folgenden Fragen: - Wie kann KI so zum Einsatz gebracht werden, dass die menschlichen Fähigkeiten erweitert und gleichzeitig die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten und die individuelle Privatsphäre geschützt werden? - Wie gelingt die Entwicklung von KI-Systemen, in denen Mensch und Maschine produktiv zusammenarbeiten? - Welche wissenschaftlich fundierten Lösungsansätze zum menschen- und gesundheitszentrierten Umgang mit KI gibt es im Arbeitsschutz und der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung? Darüber hinaus liefert der Fehlzeiten-Report 2025 in gewohnter Qualität Daten und Analysen zu Fehlzeiten von Beschäftigten in Deutschland: - Aktuelle Statistiken zum Krankenstand in allen Branchen - Vergleichende Analysen nach Berufsgruppen, Bundesländern und Städten - Die wichtigsten für Arbeitsunfähigkeit verantwortlichen Krankheitsarten - Detaillierte Auswertungen u.a. zu Arbeitsunfällen, Langzeitarbeitsunfähigkeit, Burnout und Kinderkrankengeld. Zudem gibt es vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Diskussion um hohe Fehlzeiten einen Beitrag zur Einführung von Karenztagen und möglichen Effekten einer Absenkung der Lohnersatzrate." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Technical change, jobs, and wages in the global economy (2025)
Zitatform
Baldwin, Richard, Jan I. Haaland & Anthony J. Venables (2025): Technical change, jobs, and wages in the global economy. In: Journal of International Economics, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104065
Abstract
"This paper presents a compact and intuitive framework that consolidates, simplifies, and extends results on the links between technology, trade, and labour market outcomes. It makes three main contributions. First, it presents closed-form solutions for the impacts of different types of technical change (TC) on jobs (the sectoral allocation of employment) as well as on wages, prices and output. Second, it shows that wage and employment effects are positively correlated only for certain types of TC and certain parameters, so wage and employment impacts need to be examined separately. Third, we incorporate a non-traded sector into our framework and show how employment in this sector alters results by offering a new margin of adjustment. The impact of TC on relative wages is dampened, although its sign is not changed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robotic capital - skill complementarity (2025)
Zitatform
Battisti, Michele, Massimo Del Gatto, Antonio Francesco Gravina & Christopher F. Parmeter (2025): Robotic capital - skill complementarity. In: Macroeconomic Dynamics, Jg. 29, S. e54. DOI:10.1017/s1365100524000567
Abstract
"Relying upon an original (country-sector-year) measure of robotic capital (RK), we investigate the degree of complementarity/substitutability between robots and workers at different skill levels. We employ nonparametric methods to estimate elasticity of substitution patterns between RK and skilled/unskilled labor over the period 1995–2009. We show that: i) on average, RK exhibits less substitutability with skilled workers compared to unskilled workers, indicating a phenomenon of “RK-Skill complementarity”. This pattern holds in a global context characterized by significant heterogeneity; ii) the dynamic of “RK-Skill complementarity” has increased since the early 2000s; iii) the observed strengthening is more prominent in OECD countries, as opposed to non-OECD countries, and in the Manufacturing sector, compared to non-Manufacturing industries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethical Integration in Public Sector AI. The Case of Algorithmic Systems in the Public Employment Service in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Bauer, Bernhard, Sabrina Mühlbauer, Kerstin Schlögl-Flierl, Enzo Weber & Paula Ziethmann (2025): Ethical Integration in Public Sector AI. The Case of Algorithmic Systems in the Public Employment Service in Germany. (IAB-Discussion Paper 12/2025), Nürnberg, 32 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.DP.2512
Abstract
"Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der ethischen Gestaltung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im öffentlichen Sektor, wobei der Fokus auf den öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltungen liegt. Während KI zunehmend zur effizienteren Gestaltung von Verwaltungsprozessen und zur Verbesserung der Dienstleistungserbringung eingesetzt wird, wirft ihre Anwendung in der Arbeitsvermittlung grundlegende Fragen hinsichtlich Fairness, Rechenschaftspflicht und demokratischer Legitimität auf. Das EU-Gesetz zur Künstlichen Intelligenz (EU AI Act) unterstreicht die Dringlichkeit der Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen, indem es KI-Systeme, die die Arbeitsvermittlung betreffen, als risikoreich einstuft und damit strenge Schutzmaßnahmen vorschreibt, um Diskriminierung zu verhindern und Transparenz zu gewährleisten. Das zentrale Ziel dieser Studie ist es zu untersuchen, wie ethische und soziale Überlegungen systematisch in die Entwicklung und Umsetzung von KI im öffentlichen Sektor eingebunden werden können. Anhand der deutschen öffentlichen Arbeitsverwaltung als Fallstudie stellen wir den Ansatz „Embedded Ethics and Social Sciences” (EE) vor. Dieser Ansatz integriert ethische Überlegungen und den Bezug zur Praxis bereits in die Entwicklung des Modells. Qualitative Erkenntnisse aus Interviews mit Vermittlungsfachkräften verdeutlichen die soziotechnischen Herausforderungen der Umsetzung, insbesondere die Notwendigkeit, Effizienz mit dem Vertrauen der Bürger:innen in Einklang zu bringen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse geben wir Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von KI-Systemen, welche sich aus der Integration ethischer und sozialer Überlegungen in die Systementwicklung ergeben. In diesem Zusammenhang diskutieren wir Fragen der Datenethik und Bias, der Fairness und der Rolle erklärbarer KI (XAI). Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass der EE-Ansatz nicht nur die Einhaltung neuer regulatorischer Anforderungen unterstützt, sondern auch die menschliche Aufsicht, die Handlungsfähigkeit und gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung stärken kann. So deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass ein ethisch fundiertes Design Fairness, Transparenz und Legitimität in verschiedenen Bereichen der öffentlichen Verwaltung erhöhen kann und somit zu einer verantwortungsvolleren und bürgernahen Umsetzung im digitalen Zeitalter beiträgt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Başaran, Altan (2025): Digital Nomads, the New Frontier of Work in the Digital Age: A Bibliometric Analysis. In: Sustainability, Jg. 17, H. 5. DOI:10.3390/su17051906
Abstract
"Digital nomadism is more than just a tourism idea. It represents a new working paradigm in which digital trends are transforming relationships between employers, work, and employees. Our study focuses on digital nomadism and the platforms that enable remote work relationships, which are the result of digitalization. The present study seeks to identify the current research trends and to rationalize future research opportunities in regards to digital nomads. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of available literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2006 and 2024 will be conducted. The study uses RStudio version 2024.12.0 Build 467 and Biblioshiny as tools to perform the bibliometric analysis of the extracted data. The research findings indicate that the publication of articles demonstrated an annual growth rate of 26.31% between 2006 and 2024. The average number of citations per document is 11.19. The UK, Portugal, Spain, and the USA are the most prominent contributors to digital nomad literature. Even though the conceptual discussions of this phenomenon are carried out in different disciplines, bibliometric analysis is used in our study to observe the areas in which the subject attracts attention in the academic literature and to predict the trends for the future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Remote work, skill upgrading, and wage inequality post-COVID (2025)
Zitatform
Bennett, Jeremy (2025): Remote work, skill upgrading, and wage inequality post-COVID. In: Economics of Innovation and New Technology, S. 1-24. DOI:10.1080/10438599.2025.2602133
Abstract
"This paper examines how the widespread shift to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped skill development and wage inequality across occupations in the United States. Using a difference-in-differences framework and data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), American Time Use Survey (ATUS), and O*NET, we compare outcomes for remote-capable and non-remote occupations before and after the pandemic. Results show that remote-capable jobs experienced significantly higher wage growth – approximately 4–5 percent – relative to non-remote jobs, even after accounting for worker and occupational characteristics. These occupations also displayed greater gains in educational attainment and digital skill engagement, while non-remote occupations faced disruptions in access to training. The findings align with human-capital and task-based theories, suggesting that remote work intensified skill-biased technological inequality. Policy implications include the need for targeted workforce training, equitable digital infrastructure investment, and institutional support for workers in less adaptable roles. The study contributes to understanding how technological and organizational change reshape human capital formation and wage structures in the post-pandemic labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Intersecting Shocks: The Combined Labor Market Impacts of Automation and Immigration (2025)
Bennett, Patrick; Johnsen, Julian Vedeler;Zitatform
Bennett, Patrick & Julian Vedeler Johnsen (2025): Intersecting Shocks: The Combined Labor Market Impacts of Automation and Immigration. (CESifo working paper 12217), München, 41 S.
Abstract
"We study how the labor market shocks of automation and immigration interact to shape workers' outcomes. Using matched employer –employee data from Norwegian administrative registers, we combine animmigration shock triggered by the European Union's 2004 enlargement with an automation shock based on the adoption of industrial robots across Europe. Although these shocks largely occur in separate industries, we show that automation reduces earnings not only in manufacturing but also in construction, where tasks overlap with robot-exposed sectors. Importantly, workers jointly exposed to automation and immigration suffer earnings losses greater than those facing either shock in isolation. These losses are driven by downward occupational mobility into low-wage services and re-sorting into lower-premium firms. Even within the Norwegian welfare system, the ability of social insurance to offset these long-run earnings declines is limited. Our findings underscore the importance of analyzing labor market shocks jointly, rather than in isolation, to fully understand their distributional consequences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks (2025)
Zitatform
Bertermann, Alexander, Wolfgang Dauth, Jens Suedekum & Ludger Wößmann (2025): Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 18247), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
"How do firms and workers adjust to trade and technology shocks? We analyze two mechanisms that have received little attention: training that upgrades skills and early retirement that shifts adjustment costs to public pension systems. We combine novel data on training participation and early retirement in German local labor markets with established measures of exposure to trade competition and robot adoption. Results indicate that negative trade shocks reduce Training - particularly in manufacturing - while robot exposure increases Training - particularly in indirectly affected services. Both shocks raise early retirement among manufacturing workers. Structural change thus induces both productivity-enhancing and productivity-reducing responses, challenging simple narratives of labor market adaptation and highlighting the scope for policy to promote adjustment mechanisms conducive to aggregate productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
IKT-Branchenbild 2024: Volkswirtschaftliche Kennzahlen, Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen (2025)
Zitatform
Bertschek, Irene, Thomas Niebel, Christian Rammer & Robin Sack (2025): IKT-Branchenbild 2024. Volkswirtschaftliche Kennzahlen, Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen. (IKT-Branchenbild ... / Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz 2024), Berlin, 32 S.
Abstract
"Als Anbieter innovativer Produkte und Dienstleistungen stellt die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologiebranche (IKT-Branche) einen entscheidenden Treiber der Digitalisierung der gesamten deutschen Wirtschaft dar. Das IKT-Branchenbild 2024 beleuchtet auch in diesem Jahr die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung sowie das Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen der IKT-Branche und ordnet die Erkenntnisse im Rahmen eines Vergleichs mit anderen Branchen der deutschen Wirtschaft ein. Die IKT-Branche teilt sich in die beiden Teilbereiche Hardware und Dienstleistungen. Im Jahr 2023 zählten dazu knapp 1,5 Millionen Erwerbstätige, die sich auf rund 100.000 Unternehmen verteilten. Damit stieg die Zahl der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten und Selbstständigen im Vorjahresvergleich um knapp 33.000. Im selben Zeitraum sank die Zahl der Unternehmen leicht um rund 1.000." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Varieties of Gig Work: Germany’s Unique Development in the Platform-based Food Delivery Sector (2025)
Zitatform
Beyer, Jürgen & Katharina Legantke (2025): Varieties of Gig Work: Germany’s Unique Development in the Platform-based Food Delivery Sector. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 54, H. 4, S. 381-399. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2025-2024
Abstract
"Diese Studie untersucht die Entwicklung des plattformbasierten Lebensmittelliefersektors in Deutschland und insbesondere die Gründe dafür, warum sich das in der Gig-Economy übliche Modell mit selbstständigen Kurier:innen hierzulande nicht durchgesetzt hat. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Ländern stellen die großen Lebensmittellieferplattformen in Deutschland ihre Beschäftigten direkt an und gewähren ihnen Rechte sowie Sozialleistungen wie Mindestlohn, bezahlten Urlaub und Lohnfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall. Anhand einer historisch-soziologischen Fallstudie zeigt die Untersuchung, wie der frühe Einfluss von „Bringdienst.de“, das Restaurants Online-Bestellungen ermöglichte, ohne den Lieferprozess selbst zu organisieren, die Entwicklung der Branche maßgeblich geprägt hat. Ein wegweisendes Gerichtsurteil im Jahr 2020 verstärkte zudem die Bedenken hinsichtlich Scheinselbstständigkeit und führte letztlich dazu, dass die Plattformen vom Gig-Worker-Modell mit selbstständigen Kurier:innen Abstand nahmen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamics of automation adoption: Firm-level heterogeneity and aggregate employment effects (2025)
Zitatform
Bisio, Laura, Angelo Cuzzola, Marco Grazzi & Daniele Moschella (2025): The dynamics of automation adoption: Firm-level heterogeneity and aggregate employment effects. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 173. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104943
Abstract
"We investigate the impact of investment in automation-related goods on adopting and non-adopting firms in the Italian economy during 2011–2019. We integrate datasets on trade activities, firms’, and workers’ characteristics for the population of Italian importing firms and estimate the effects on adopters ’ outcomes within a difference-in-differences design exploiting import lumpiness in product categories linked to automation technologies (including robots). We find a positive average adoption effect on the adopters’ employment: firms are, on average, around 3% larger in terms of employment after an automation spike. Crucially, the employment effect is heterogeneous across firms: a positive effect is predominant among small firms, which are around 5% larger five years after the spike; on the contrary, a negative displacement effect is predominant among medium and large firms, with an employment contraction at five years of around -4%. This result can shed light on one potential reason behind the mixed results in the literature, i.e. different size distribution of the samples used. We complete the framework with a 5-digit sector-level analysis showing that adopting automation technologies has an overall weak negative effect on aggregate employment, and with an analysis of the competition effects of automation, showing that non-adopters suffer a loss in sales and employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health (2025)
Zitatform
Blasco, Sylvie, Julie Rochut & Benedicte Rouland (2025): Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 64, H. 1, S. 40-76. DOI:10.1111/irel.12356
Abstract
"Automation may destroy jobs and change the labor demand structure, thereby potentially impacting workers' mental health. Implementing propensity score matching on French individual survey data, we find that working in an automatable job is associated with a 3 pp increase in the probability of suffering from mental disorders. Fear of automation through fear of job loss, expectation of a required change in skills, and fear of unwanted job mobility seem to be relevant channels to explain the findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
AI adoption in the education system: International insights and policy considerations for Italy (2025)
Zitatform
Borgonovi, Francesca, Francesca Bastagli, Maja Ochojska & Giovanni Piumatti (2025): AI adoption in the education system. International insights and policy considerations for Italy. (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers 52), Paris, 100 S. DOI:10.1787/69bd0a4a-en
Abstract
"This paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can be deliberately deployed to tackle persistent disparities in primary and secondary schools and to align curricula with changing skill demands. It focuses on three priorities for Italy’s school system: preventing dropout and promoting learning, reducing the maths gender gap, supporting students with an immigrant background. Drawing on international evidence, the paper reviews how AI can support these objectives, the risks that may arise, and possible mitigation strategies. It also considers how countries are integrating AI literacy and reforming curricula in response to shifting skill needs. The paper proposes key principles and a policy roadmap to guide AI adoption in schools. Recent initiatives in OECD countries illustrate opportunities and risks associated with AI adoption in schools and potential policy options for Italy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work (2025)
Zitatform
Brull, Eduard, Samuel Maurer & Davud Rostam-Afschar (2025): Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work. (arXiv papers), 11 S.
Abstract
"We provide experimental evidence on how employers adjust expectations to automation risk in high-skill, white-collar work. Using a randomized information intervention among tax advisors in Germany, we show that firms systematically underestimate automatability. Information provision raises risk perceptions, especially for routine-intensive roles. Yet, it leaves short-run hiring plans unchanged. Instead, updated beliefs increase productivity and financial expectations with minor wage adjustments, implying within-firm inequality like limited rent-sharing. Employers also anticipate new tasks in legal tech, compliance, and AI interaction, and report higher training and adoption intentions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence (2025)
Zitatform
Brynjolfsson, Erik, Bharat Chandar & Ruyu Chen (2025): Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence. (Working Papers / Stanford Digital Economy Lab), Stanford, 57 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines changes in the labor market for occupations exposed to generative artificial intelligence using high-frequency administrative data from the largest payroll software provider in the United States. We present six facts that characterize these shifts. We find that since the widespread adoption of generative AI, early-career workers (ages 22-25) in the most AI-exposed occupations have experienced a 13 percent relative decline in employment even after controlling for firm-level shocks. In contrast, employment for workers in less exposed fields and more experienced workers in the same occupations has remained stable or continued to grow. We also find that adjustments occur primarily through employment rather than compensation. Furthermore, employment declines are concentrated in occupations where AI is more likely to automate, rather than augment, human labor. Our results are robust to alternative explanations, such as excluding technology-related firms and excluding occupations amenable to remote work. These six facts provide early, large-scale evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the AI revolution is beginning to have a significant and disproportionate impact on entry-level workers in the American labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft in Deutschland: Kompetenzbarometer: Fachkräftesituation in Digitalisierungsberufen – Beschäftigungsaufbau und Fachkräftemangel bis 2028: Eine Studie im Projekt (Nr. 3/19) „Entwicklung und Messung der Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft am Standort Deutschland“ im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) (2025)
Burstedde, Alexander; Tiedemann, Jurek;Zitatform
Burstedde, Alexander & Jurek Tiedemann (2025): Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft in Deutschland: Kompetenzbarometer: Fachkräftesituation in Digitalisierungsberufen – Beschäftigungsaufbau und Fachkräftemangel bis 2028. Eine Studie im Projekt (Nr. 3/19) „Entwicklung und Messung der Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft am Standort Deutschland“ im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK). Köln, 28 S.
Abstract
"Digitalisierungsberufe sind für den Erfolg der digitalen Transformation von essenzieller Bedeutung. Sie beschreiben Kompetenzprofile, die benötigt werden, um neue digitale Schlüsseltechnologien zu entwickeln und herzustellen oder durch vertiefte technische Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten deren Nutzung und Verbreitung zu realisieren. Das beinhaltet nicht nur Kompetenzen in Informatik, sondern auch in Elektronik und anderen Bereichen. Diese Studie beschreibt die potenzielle Entwicklung von Beschäftigung und Fachkräftelücke bis 2028, wenn sich die Trends der Jahre 2017 bis 2023 weiter fortsetzen würden." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Ergänzende Informationen -
Literaturhinweis
Automation and segmentation: Downgrading employment quality among the former “insiders” of Western European labour markets (2025)
Zitatform
Buzzelli, Gregorio (2025): Automation and segmentation: Downgrading employment quality among the former “insiders” of Western European labour markets. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 34, H. 2. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.70011
Abstract
"The literature on labor market segmentation traditionally looks at servitisation as the main structural driver behind the rise of employment precariousness, overlooking another crucial engine of the knowledge-economy transition: the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) revolution. This paper proposes a task-based approach to complement the skill-biased framework usually applied to labor market segmentation, investigating the correlation between occupational exposure to the risk of automation and low-quality employment. The empirical analysis, based on 14 countries sampled from ESS (2002–2018), shows a strong correlation between technological replaceability and low income across all of Western Europe, especially after the Great Recession, while its association with atypical employment is mainly driven by fixed-term contracts in Central and Southern Europe and by part-time arrangements in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian countries. Overall, a “recalibrated” dualisation emerges in Western European labor markets, characterized by the diffusion of low labor earnings and atypical contracts among mid-skill routine workers, besides the low-skill service precariat." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cybersicherheit: Kompetenzen gefragter denn je (2025)
Büchel, Jan; Engler, Jan; Engels, Barbara;Zitatform
Büchel, Jan, Barbara Engels & Jan Engler (2025): Cybersicherheit: Kompetenzen gefragter denn je. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2025,39), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Cyberangriffe treffen deutsche Unternehmen immer stärker – und die reagieren. Zwischen 2019 und 2024 hat sich die Zahl der Online-Stellenanzeigen, in denen Cybersicherheitskompetenzen gefordert werden, von 117.000 auf 203.000 deutlich erhöht. Kompetenzen rund um digitale Sicherheit sind für eine funktionierende Wirtschaft und Verwaltung zentral geworden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
KI-Jobs in Deutschland: Stagnation statt Boom: Eine Analyse von Online-Stellenanzeigen (2025)
Büchel, Jan; Engler, Jan Felix; Mertens, Armin;Zitatform
Büchel, Jan, Jan Felix Engler & Armin Mertens (2025): KI-Jobs in Deutschland: Stagnation statt Boom. Eine Analyse von Online-Stellenanzeigen. 22 S. DOI:10.11586/2025025
Abstract
"Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist eine zentrale Zukunftstechnologie, die mehr Effizienz und Produktivität in Unternehmen ermöglichen kann. Vor dem Hintergrund der angespannten wirtschaftlichen Lage Deutschlands und dem vorliegenden demografiebedingten Fachkräftemangel sollten Unternehmen das Potenzial von KI nutzen, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu stärken. Positiv ist, dass im Jahr 2024 etwa jedes fünfte Unternehmen in Deutschland angibt, KI bereits zu nutzen. Der KI-Einsatz benötigt dabei neue Kompetenzen, beispielsweise wenn Unternehmen KI-Lösungen selbst entwickeln möchten. Auch wenn zugekaufte KI-Lösungen im Unternehmen angewendet werden, entstehen Kompetenzbedarfe. Um die Bedarfe der Unternehmen zu erfassen, hat das Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft im Auftrag der Bertelsmann Stiftung Online-Stellenanzeigen mit Bezug zu KI aus den Jahren 2019 bis 2024 analysiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung der Studie -
Literaturhinweis
Why hours worked decline less after technology shocks? (2025)
Zitatform
Cardi, Olivier & Romain Restout (2025): Why hours worked decline less after technology shocks? In: Journal of International Economics, Jg. 157. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104095
Abstract
"The contractionary effect of technology shocks on hours gradually vanishes over time in OECD countries. To rationalize the decline in hours and its disappearance, we use a VAR-based decomposition of technology shocks into symmetric and asymmetric technology improvements. While hours decline dramatically when technology improves at the same rate across sectors, hours significantly increase when technology improvements occur at different rates. Because they are primarily driven by symmetric technology improvements, permanent technology shocks drive down total hours. Such a decline progressively vanishes due to the growing importance of asymmetric technology shocks. To reach these two conclusions, we simulate a two-sector model which can reproduce the contractionary effect on hours once the economy is internationally open and we allow for production factors’ mobility costs, factor-biased technological change, and home bias. To account for the vanishing decline in hours, we have to let the share of asymmetric technology shocks increase over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technological innovations and workers’ job insecurity: the moderating role of human resource strategies (2025)
Zitatform
Caselli, Mauro, Andrea Fracasso, Arianna Marcolin & Sergio Scicchitano (2025): Technological innovations and workers’ job insecurity: the moderating role of human resource strategies. In: Journal of industrial and business economics, Jg. 52, H. 1, S. 153-176. DOI:10.1007/s40812-024-00329-w
Abstract
"In this paper, we empirically assess the impact of firms’ technological innovations on the workers’ perceived probability of job loss. We take advantage of a unique dataset based on a large and representative cross-sectional survey covering several characteristics of Italian workers and their firms. We find that a firm ’s technological adoption reduces job insecurity among its surviving workers, and the effect is stronger when the innovation makes tasks simpler and their execution more precise. We also find that the relationship between technological innovation and job insecurity is moderated by human resource strategies, such as training programs, labor-saving automation and dismissal plans adopted after the introduction of the innovation. Thus, workers’ perceptions of job insecurity vary significantly across innovative firms, and firms’ human resource strategies act as arelevant moderating factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
What workers and robots do: An activity-based analysis of the impact of robotization on changes in local employment (2025)
Zitatform
Caselli, Mauro, Andrea Fracasso, Sergio Scicchitano, Silvio Traverso & Enrico Tundis (2025): What workers and robots do: An activity-based analysis of the impact of robotization on changes in local employment. In: Research Policy, Jg. 54, H. 1. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2024.105135
Abstract
"This work investigates the impact that changes in the local exposure to robots had on changes in Italian employment over the period 2011–2018. It contributes to the debate by providing novel and granular evidence on the impact of robot adoption on new activity-based groups of occupations and by focusing on the overlap between the functional similarities of robot applications and occupations. This framework, consistently centered on workers ’ and robots’ activities, reveals highly heterogeneous effects of robotization, ranging from positive to negative across different groups of occupations, thereby supporting a nuanced and granular reading of this debated phenomenon. In particular, the local share of robot operators increases where the increase in robot adoption is larger, while the local share of workers using intensively their torso decreases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
AI and the global productivity divide: Fuel for the fast or a lift for the laggards? (2025)
Zitatform
Chaar, Tania, Francesco Filippucci, Cecilia Jona-Lasinio & Giuseppe Nicoletti (2025): AI and the global productivity divide. Fuel for the fast or a lift for the laggards? (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers 51), Paris, 42 S. DOI:10.1787/c315ea90-en
Abstract
"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to be an important driver of productivity growth over the next decade, even if with significant cross-country heterogeneity. This paper examines the potential of AI to foster productivity growth in Low-Income Countries (LICs) and Lower-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). LICs and LMICs risk benefiting less from AI due to low incidence of knowledge-intensive services, where gains from AI mostly occur. Additionally, barriers to AI adoption include inadequate digital infrastructure, low levels of education and skills in the workforce, limited access to financing for high AI adoption costs, and underdeveloped regulatory frameworks. At the same time, LICs and LMICs may benefit from factors such as a young workforce and international spillovers through knowledge transfers. Overall, structural weaknesses in LICs and LMICs risk outweighing these potential advantages. This underscores the need for policies that enhance capabilities for AI adoption in LICs and LMICs and help seizing long-run opportunities from the global AI economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Iceberg Index: Measuring Workforce Exposure Across the AI Economy (2025)
Chopra, Ayush; Bhattacharya, Santanu; Schwarze, Alice C.; Ahmad, Feroz; Balaprakash, Prasanna; Garg, Aditi; Salvador, DeAndrea; Wright, Teddy; Raskar, Ramesh; Paul, Ayan;Zitatform
Chopra, Ayush, Santanu Bhattacharya, DeAndrea Salvador, Ayan Paul, Teddy Wright, Aditi Garg, Feroz Ahmad, Alice C. Schwarze, Ramesh Raskar & Prasanna Balaprakash (2025): The Iceberg Index: Measuring Workforce Exposure Across the AI Economy. (arXiv papers), 21 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2510.25137
Abstract
"Artificial Intelligence is reshaping America’s over $9.4 trillion labor market, with cascading effects that extend far beyond visible technology sectors. When AI automates quality control in automotive plants, consequences spread through logistics networks, supply chains, and local service economies. Yet traditional workforce metrics cannot capture these ripple effects: they measure employment outcomes after disruption occurs, not where AI capabilities overlap with human skills before adoption crystallizes. Project Iceberg addresses this gap using Large Population Models to simulate the human–AI labor market, representing 151 million workers as autonomous agents executing over 32,000 skills across 3,000 counties and interacting with thousands of AI tools. It introduces the Iceberg Index, a skills-centered metric that measures the wage value of skills AI systems can perform within each occupation. The Index captures technical exposure, where AI can perform occupational tasks, not displacement outcomes or adoption timelines. Analysis shows that visible AI adoption concentrated in computing and technology (2.2% of wage value, approximately $211 billion) represents only the tip of the iceberg. Technical capability extends far below the surface through cognitive automation spanning administrative, financial, and professional services (11.7%, approximately $1.2 trillion). This exposure is fivefold larger and geographically distributed across all states rather than confined to coastal hubs. Traditional indicators such as GDP, income, and unemployment explain less than 5% of this skills-based variation, underscoring why new indices are needed to capture exposure in the AI economy. By simulating how capabilities may spread under alternative scenarios, Project Iceberg enables policymakers and business leaders to identify exposure hotspots, prioritize training and infrastructure investments, and test interventions before committing billions to implementation. Iceberg is built with the AgentTorch framework." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries (2025)
Zitatform
Chueri, Juliana & Marius R. Busemeyer (2025): Different status, same demands? The social policy preferences of platform workers in OECD countries. In: Competition and Change, S. 1-18. DOI:10.1177/10245294251318440
Abstract
"Platform work has introduced a new dimension of precarity in the labor market, as platform workers face high labor market risks and have limited access to social protection. The expansion of this employment status raises the question of whether platform workers have distinct social policy preferences from workers with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who are not employed in the platform economy. This paper empirically examines how and under what circumstances the social policy preferences of platform workers differ from those of other workers. We find that platform workers are more likely to demand more compensatory labor market policies than regular workers. Also, they are more likely to demand more social investment-type policies than regular and atypical workers who do not engage in the platform economy. We also find evidence for contextual effects: whereas welfare state generosity is associated with weaker demand from platform workers for compensatory labor market policies, it is associated with higher support for social investment. Our results suggest that the expansion of platform work will fuel demands for welfare expansion, specifically focusing on social investment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Equalising the effects of automation? The role of task overlap for job finding (2025)
Zitatform
Dabed, Diego, Sabrina Genz & Emilie Rademakers (2025): Equalising the effects of automation? The role of task overlap for job finding. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 96. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102766
Abstract
"This paper investigates whether task overlap can equalise the distributional effects of automation for unemployed job seekers displaced from routine jobs. Using a language model, we establish a novel job-to-job task similarity measure. Exploiting the resulting job network to define job markets flexibly, we find that only the most similar jobs affect job finding. Since automation-exposed jobs overlap with other highly exposed jobs, task-based reallocation provides little relief for affected job seekers. We show that this is not true for more recent software exposure, for which task overlap lowers the inequality in job finding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published byElsevier B.V.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Establishment size and the task content of jobs: evidence from 46 countries (2025)
Zitatform
De Vera, Micole & Javier Garcia‐Brazales (2025): Establishment size and the task content of jobs: evidence from 46 countries. In: Economica, Jg. 92, H. 366, S. 548-579. DOI:10.1111/ecca.12563
Abstract
"Using a mix of household- and employer-based survey data from 46 countries, we provide novel evidence that workers in larger establishments perform more non-routine analytical tasks, even within narrowly defined occupations. Moreover, workers in larger establishments rely more on the use of information and communication technologies to perform these tasks. We also document a 15% raw wage premium that workers in larger establishments enjoy relative to their counterparts in smaller establishments. A mediation analysis shows that our novel empirical facts on the task content of jobs are able to explain 5–20% of the establishment size wage premium, a similar fraction to what can be explained by selection of workers on education, gender and age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Future of Jobs Report 2025: Insight Report (2025)
Di Battista, Attilio; Leopold, Till; Grayling, Sam; Li, Ricky; Játiva, Ximena; Sharma, Shuvasish; Zahidi, Saadia;Zitatform
Di Battista, Attilio, Sam Grayling, Ximena Játiva, Till Leopold, Ricky Li, Shuvasish Sharma & Saadia Zahidi (2025): Future of Jobs Report 2025. Insight Report. (The future of jobs report), Cologny/Geneva, 289 S.
Abstract
"Over the past decade, the World Economic Forum’s bi-annual Future of Jobs Report has followed evolving technological, societal and economic trends to understand occupational disruption and identify opportunities for workers to transition to the jobs of the future. As we enter 2025, the landscape of work continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Transformational breakthroughs, particularly in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), are reshaping industries and tasks across all sectors. These technological advances, however, are converging with a broader array of challenges, including economic volatility, geoeconomic realignments, environmental challenges and evolving societal expectations. In response, this fifth edition of the Future of Jobs Report expands its focus, offering a comprehensive analysis of the interconnected trends shaping the global labor market. Central to the report is a unique dataset derived from an extensive survey of global employers. This year’s edition captures the perspectives of over 1,000 employers – representing more than 14 million workers across 22 industry clusters and 55 economies – providing unparalleled insights into the emerging jobs landscape for the 2025-2030 period. These perspectives are further enriched by research collaborations and data partnerships with ADP, Coursera, Indeed and LinkedIn, whose innovative data and analysis complement the survey findings." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Key findings -
Literaturhinweis
Using Google search data to examine factory automation and its effect on employment (2025)
Zitatform
Diebold, Céline (2025): Using Google search data to examine factory automation and its effect on employment. In: Economic analysis and policy, Jg. 86, S. 1301-1328. DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2025.03.042
Abstract
"This paper revisits the link between robot adoption and employment across more than 100 European regions over a period of five years. A simple model is provided arguing that interest in robots precedes the actual deployment of robots. Thus, a novel instrument is introduced: interest in automation revealed by Google searches. This allows for a tentatively causal interpretation of the results. A small, yet significant positive aggregate effect is identified, along with heterogeneous effects across sex and educational attainment. The local effect on aggregate employment tends to be roughly twice as large as the spillover effect on neighbouring regions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Economic Society of Australia (Queensland) Inc.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How do structural trends affect labour market shortages and mismatch? (2025)
Dorville, Yann; Filippucci, Francesco; Marcolin, Luca;Zitatform
Dorville, Yann, Francesco Filippucci & Luca Marcolin (2025): How do structural trends affect labour market shortages and mismatch? (OECD productivity working papers 38), Paris, 63 S. DOI:10.1787/acfb5c31-en
Abstract
"This paper examines how AI and digital technology diffusion, the green transition, globalisation and population ageing jointly affect labour market tightness across 26 OECD countries and 34 sectors. It finds that digitalisation and decarbonisation increase tightness, while ageing does so only over time. Import competition and labour-substituting AI diffusion, conversely, reduce shortages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Macroeconomic and Labor Market Drivers of AI Adoption in Europe: A Machine Learning and Panel Data Approach (2025)
Zitatform
Drago, Carlo, Alberto Costantiello, Marco Savorgnan & Angelo Leogrande (2025): Macroeconomic and Labor Market Drivers of AI Adoption in Europe: A Machine Learning and Panel Data Approach. In: Economies, Jg. 13, H. 8. DOI:10.3390/economies13080226
Abstract
"This article investigates the macroeconomic and labor market conditions that shape the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies among large firms in Europe. Based on panel data econometrics and supervised machine learning techniques, we estimate how public health spending, access to credit, export activity, gross capital formation, inflation, openness to trade, and labor market structure influence the share of firms that adopt at least one AI technology. The research covers all 28 EU members between 2018 and 2023. We employ a set of robustness checks using a combination of fixed-effects, random-effects, and dynamic panel data specifications supported by Clustering and supervised learning techniques. We find that AI adoption is linked to higher GDP per capita, healthcare spending, inflation, and openness to trade but lower levels of credit, exports, and capital formation. Labor markets with higher proportions of salaried work, service occupations, and self-employment are linked to AI diffusion, while unemployment and vulnerable work are detractors. Cluster analysis identifies groups of EU members with similar adoption patterns that are usually underpinned by stronger economic and institutional fundamentals. The results collectively suggest that AI diffusion is shaped not only by technological preparedness and capabilities to invest but by inclusive macroeconomic conditions and equitable labor institutions. Targeted policy measures can accelerate the equitable adoption of AI technologies within the European industrial economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence and labor market outcomes: AI has created new jobs to meet digital and automation needs, and those equipped with AI capital enjoy increased employment and wages (2025)
Zitatform
Drydakis, Nick (2025): Artificial intelligence and labor market outcomes. AI has created new jobs to meet digital and automation needs, and those equipped with AI capital enjoy increased employment and wages. (IZA world of labor 514), Bonn, o. S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.514
Abstract
"AI is reshaping the labor market by creating new jobs and increasing competition for high-skilled roles, benefiting those with AI capital. While AI may boost productivity in certain jobs, it also widens the gap between high- and low-skilled employees. Less-educated employees face higher risks of displacement and reduced income. Additionally, AI introduces challenges related to workforce adaptability, trust, ethics, and transparency, which negatively impact employees' job realities. Policymakers should navigate these changes to maximize the benefits of AI while mitigating its adverse effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Narrowing the digital divide: Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation (2025)
Duff, Cían; Soldi, Rossella; Hyland, Marie; Cavallini, Simona; Peruffo, Eleonora; Krieg, Marielena;Zitatform
Duff, Cían, Marie Hyland, Marielena Krieg, Eleonora Peruffo, Simona Cavallini & Rossella Soldi (2025): Narrowing the digital divide. Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 822 S. DOI:10.2806/1764165
Abstract
"Digitalization has been on the EU policy agenda since 2000. While great strides have been made in this area over the past two decades, the digital transformation is not yet complete. This report seeks to deepen our understanding of the evolution towards a digital Europe. By applying the lens of convergence, the report assesses the progress of Member States towards the EU ’s policy targets, where Member States are growing together and wheredigital gaps are expanding. It also considers the gaps in the progress of digitalization between socioeconomic groups and regions. According to almost all indicators analysed, historically lower-performing Member States have been catching up with the digital leaders. However, at a more granular level, digitalization of businesses has been uneven and significant inequalities persist between regions and socioeconomic groups. The report shines a light on the role of digitalization in the EU’s economic convergence and considers the progress in and benefits of digitalisation for the private sector. The findings show that access is still an issue for vulnerable groups, in particular low-income households, older individuals and those with lower levels of education. Importantly, these are the groups that are more reliant on public services, and they may struggle to access e-government. While progress is being made, some groups remain at risk of being left behind in the digital transition. Considering this, the report highlights a range of policy approaches being deployed across Europe that aim to narrow the digital divide." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Industrial robots and employment change in manufacturing: A decomposition analysis (2025)
Zitatform
Eder, Andreas, Wolfgang Koller & Bernhard Mahlberg (2025): Industrial robots and employment change in manufacturing: A decomposition analysis. In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Jg. 74, S. 591-602. DOI:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.05.014
Abstract
"This paper examines the contribution of industrial robots to employment change in manufacturing in a sample of 17 European countries and the USA over the period 2004 to 2019. We combine index decomposition analysis (IDA) and production-theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA). First, we use IDA to decompose employment change in the manufacturing industry into changes in (aggregate) manufacturing output, changes in the sectoral structure of the manufacturing industry, and changes in labor intensity (the inverse of labor productivity) which is a composite index of labour intensity change within each of the nine sub-sectors of total manufacturing. Second, we use PDA to further decompose labor intensity change to isolate the contribution of technical efficiency change, technological change, human capital change, change in non-robot capital intensity and change in robot capital intensity to employment change. In almost all of the countries considered, labour intensity is falling in entire manufacturing, exerting a dampening effect on employment. Robotization contributes to this development by reducing labor intensities and employment in all countries and sub-sectors, though to varying degrees. Manufacturing output, in turn, grows in all countries except Greece, Spain and Italy, which increases employment and counteracts or in some countries even more than offsets the dampening effect of declining labor intensities. The structural change within manufacturing has an almost neutral effect in many countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cross-country skills-technology policy debates through large language models (2025)
Einhoff, Jan; López Trejos, Isabella; Paunov, Caroline;Zitatform
Einhoff, Jan, Isabella López Trejos & Caroline Paunov (2025): Cross-country skills-technology policy debates through large language models. (OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2025,20), Paris, 43 S. DOI:10.1787/d5f669be-en
Abstract
"Language models, this paper conducts a cross-country comparative innovation policy analysis of skills-technology policy debates across seven OECD member countries (Austria, Canada, Finland, Germany, Korea, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Results highlight the dominance of STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and digital skills in these policy debates, the relative neglect of green skills, and the emphasis on soft skills across all technology fields. The analysis also identifies common policy instruments, which include collaborative platforms and direct financial support. Overall, the paper shows how large language models can help policy analysts identify patterns and gaps in extensive policy texts that nonetheless critically demands expert oversight and careful interpretation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence, tasks, skills, and wages: Worker-level evidence from Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Engberg, Erik, Michael Koch, Magnus Lodefalk & Sarah Schroeder (2025): Artificial intelligence, tasks, skills, and wages: Worker-level evidence from Germany. In: Research Policy, Jg. 54, H. 8. DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2025.105285
Abstract
"This paper examines how new technologies are linked to changes in the content of work and individual wages. As a first step, it documents novel facts on task and skill changes within occupations over the past two decades in Germany. We furthermore reveal a distinct relationship between ex-ante occupational work content and ex-post exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and automation (robots). Workers in occupations with high AI exposure perform different activities and face different skill requirements compared to workers in occupations exposed to robots, suggesting that robots and AI are substitutes for different activities and skills. We also document that changes in the task and skill content of occupations is related to ex-ante exposure to technologies. Finally, the study uses individual labour market biographies to investigate the relationship between AI and wages. By exploring the dynamic influence of AI exposure on individuals over time, the study uncovers positive associations with wages, with nuanced variations across occupational groups, thereby shedding further light on the substitutability and augmentability of AI." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen als: Ratio working paper, 371Weiterführende Informationen
Data product DOI: 10.5164/IAB.SIAB7519.de.en.v1 -
Literaturhinweis
Artificial intelligence, hiring and employment: job postings evidence from Sweden (2025)
Engberg, Erik; Hellsten, Mark; Sabolová, Radka; Lodefalk, Magnus ; Javed, Farrukh; Schroeder, Sarah ; Tang, Aili;Zitatform
Engberg, Erik, Mark Hellsten, Farrukh Javed, Magnus Lodefalk, Radka Sabolová, Sarah Schroeder & Aili Tang (2025): Artificial intelligence, hiring and employment: job postings evidence from Sweden. In: Applied Economics Letters, S. 1-6. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2025.2497431
Abstract
"This paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on hiring and employment, using the universe of job postings published by the Swedish Public Employment Service from 2014 to 2022 and full-population administrative data for Sweden. We exploit a detailed measure of AI exposure according to occupational content and find that establishments exposed to AI are more likely to hire AI workers. Survey data further indicate that AI exposure aligns with greater use of AI services. Importantly, rather than displacing non-AI workers, AI exposure is positively associated with increased hiring for both AI and non-AI roles. In the absence of substantial productivity gains that might account for this increase, we interpret the positive link between AI exposure and non-AI hiring as evidence that establishments are using AI to augment existing roles and expand task capabilities, rather than to replace non-AI workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Kassensturz. Daten, Fakten und Erfahrungen aus der Arbeitswelt des Berliner Einzelhandels: Branchenbericht (2025)
Engel, Sonja;Zitatform
Engel, Sonja (2025): Kassensturz. Daten, Fakten und Erfahrungen aus der Arbeitswelt des Berliner Einzelhandels. Branchenbericht. Berlin, 45 S.
Abstract
"Dieser Branchenbericht nimmt die Beschäftigung und die Beschäftigten des Berliner Einzelhandels genauer in den Blick. Der Bericht soll Anregung sein für Gespräche – zwischen Kolleg:innen, Arbeitnehmenden, Betriebsräten und Arbeitgebenden, sowie Akteur:innen, die sich in verschiedenen Positionen und in unterschiedlichen (politischen) Institutionen mit dieser Branche befassen. Es werden Daten und Statistiken analysiert, Fakten zusammengetragen und Perspektiven verschiedener Akteur:innen der Branche dargestellt. Er bietet Informationen über die aktuelle Situation und gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen und Trends der vergangenen Jahre, präsentiert Einblicke in die Arbeitsbedingungen der Beschäftigten und die Herausforderungen, mit denen die Branche zu kämpfen hat. Auch der Onlinehandel und die Digitalisierung der Arbeit sowie die Frage des Fachkräftemangels werden genauer betrachtet. Für einen Gastbeitrag konnten wir Sarah Kuhn und Dr. Holger Seibert vom Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) Berlin-Brandenburg gewinnen, die einen Exkurs zum Thema der Ersetzbarkeit von Tätigkeiten im Einzelhandel durch digitale Technologien präsentieren. Diese Publikation beruht dabei auf der Auswertung verschiedener Quellen: Offizielle Statistiken und Analysen, die von der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und weiteren Institutionen erhoben und veröffentlicht werden, sind eben - so betrachtet worden wie Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen und Umfrageergebnisse und Einschätzungen der Sozialpartner. Die Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (ver.di) und die von ihr geleisteten Sonderauswertungen der Daten des DGB-Index für Gute Arbeit liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis des Arbeitsalltags der Arbeitnehmenden. Der Handelsverband Deutschland (HDE) trägt mit seinen Befragungen und Datenaufbereitungen die Perspektive der Unternehmen und Betriebe bei. Darüber hinaus kommen weitere Akteur:innen zu Wort, mit denen Hintergrundgespräche und Interviews geführt wurden, oder die an den Veranstaltungen des Projekts Joboption Berlin – drei Sozialpartnerdialogen und einem Werkstattgespräch teilgenommen haben." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte / digitale soziale Sicherung
- Deutschland
- Andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen