Zitatform

Eriksson, Tor & Nina Smith (2025): The Managerial Labor Market and Gender Gaps in Beliefs About Own Ability. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 17921), Bonn, 44 S.

Abstract

"Despite considerable changes in the gender gap regarding educational qualifications and labor force participation, the share of female managers has changed only slowly and continues to be low. This paper adds new evidence to the study of the dearth of women in top managerial positions in firms by documenting and analyzing data on beliefs about own managerial abilities collected from survey of a large sample of Danish managers. We develop measures for gender stereotype attitudes and beliefs about ability, distinguishing between masculine and feminine skills, and examine whether these are correlated with each other and differ by gender. We find that especially female C-level managers differ substantially from managers at levels below. Female medium and lower-level managers' beliefs in own ability is lower than for their male peers for two reasons: weaker prescriptive gender stereotype attitudes and lower miscalculation of abilities, possibly less overconfidence. The weaker ability beliefs contribute to reduced self-confidence and career ambitions and to the explanations for the lack of women in top positions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Smith, Nina & Emma von Essen (2025): Gender quotas on corporate boards of directors. Gender quotas for women on boards of directors improve female share on boards, but firm performance effects are mixed, and spillover effects are positive but small. (IZA world of labor 7,3), Bonn, o. S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.7.v3

Abstract

"Arguments for increasing gender diversity on corporate boards of directors by gender quotas range from ensuring equal opportunity to improving firm performance. The introduction of gender quotas in a number of countries, mainly in Europe, has increased female representation on boards. Current research does not unambiguously justify gender quotas on grounds of economic efficiency. In many countries, the number of women in top executive positions is limited, and it is not clear from the evidence that quotas lead to a larger pool of female top executives, who, in turn, are the main pipeline for boards of directors. Thus, other supplementary policies may be necessary if politicians want to increase the number of women in senior management positions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bohr, Jeanette & Nadia Granato (2024): Gender inequality in leadership positions. The role of part-time employment in seven European countries. In: Soziale Welt, Jg. 75, H. 1, S. 78-112. DOI:10.5771/0038-6073-2024-1-78

Abstract

In ganz Europa haben Frauen nach wie vor seltener Führungspositionen inne als Männer, wobei geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede von Land zu Land variieren. In diesem Papier untersuchen wir, wie eine Teilzeitbeschäftigung zu diesen geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden in hochqualifizierten Berufen beiträgt. Dabei legen wir besonderes Augenmerk auf die Frage, ob und gegebenenfalls, wie die Korrelation zwischen Teilzeitarbeit und einer Führungsposition durch das Geschlecht vermittelt wird, da der Erwerbsumfang und die Geschlechterzugehörigkeit in empirischen Studien bisher häufig konfundiert wurden. Die Analysen basieren auf Daten der Arbeitskräfteerhebung der Europäischen Union und schließen sieben europäische Länder ein. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen Teilzeit und dem Gender-Gap bei Führungspositionen, wobei eine negative Korrelation zwischen reduzierter Arbeitszeit und der Ausübung einer Führungsposition besteht und Frauen viel häufiger als Männer in Teilzeit arbeiten. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die sogenannten Teilzeit-Penalties, also die negative Korrelation zwischen Teilzeitbeschäftigung und einer Führungsposition, geschlechtsspezifisch sind, und zwar dahingehend, dass männliche Arbeitnehmer stärker betroffen sind als weibliche. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen auch vermuten, dass das Ausmaß von Teilzeit-Penalties nicht mit der vorherrschenden Teilzeitkultur in einem Land variiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Funk, Stephanie & Susanne Warning (2024): The leadership gap between full-time and part-time female employees. In: European Management Journal. DOI:10.1016/j.emj.2024.09.002

Abstract

"Employers interpret high numbers of contractual working hours of part-time employees as a signal for high work engagement, qualifying them for a leadership position. However, signals do not work equally well in all environments. We suggest that the value of a signal depends on corporate culture, being relatively low in companies with strict work regimes where employees are expected to be available and visible. We test this prediction combining data on female employees and their employers. Our analyses show that the positive effect of contractual hours on leadership positions varies systematically with the difference between the contractual working hours of full-time and part-time employees. The smaller the working time difference between a full-time and a part-time employee, the more likely it is that the part-timer is in a leadership position. In addition, the more a firm relies on overtime and requires strict presence at work, the larger is the statistical association between high contractual hours and leadership positions at individual level. In a world where work-life balance is increasingly important, this research provides new insights into the heterogeneity of part-time workers and the design of corporate cultures and policies to create sustainable work environments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2024 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

Hägele, Ingrid (2024): The Broken Rung: Gender and the Leadership Gap. (arXiv papers 2404.07750), 75 S.

Abstract

"Addressing female underrepresentation in leadership positions has become a key policy objective. However, little is known about the extent to which leadership appeals differently to women. Collecting new data from a large firm, I document that women are substantially less likely to apply for early-career promotions. Realized application patterns and large-scale surveys reveal the role of an understudied feature of promotions -- having to assume responsibility over a team -- which is less appealing to women. This gender difference is not accounted for by standard explanations, such as success likelihood or confidence, but is rather a product of common design features of leadership positions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bahadori, Negar (2023): Insights about the barriers to achieve gender equality in the decision-making roles and power positions. (DiSSE working papers / Dipartimento di scienze sociali ed economiche, Sapienza Università di Roma 2023,06), 17 S.

Abstract

"Despite significant advancements in recent years, numerous barriers hinder the full participation and representation of women in higher influential domains. To effectively address the disparities and foster more inclusive and equitable societies, this article presents a literature review, examining the barriers that impede gender equality in decision-making roles and power positions. By shedding light on the complex dynamics and systemic challenges, it aims to contribute to the design of effective strategies for dismantling gender disparities. To investigate why women, struggle to fully advance along the corporate ladder, this study explores the contributing factors to gender inequality in the labor market at three levels: micro, meso, and macro level. Additionally, the article leverages the Varieties of Capitalism framework proposed by Hall and Soskice (2001) to gain insights at a macro level into how gender inequalities in the workplace are shaped and to understand the positioning of Italy within the international context while emphasizing the importance of empirical research to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Understanding the real-world experiences of individuals and organizations working towards gender equality is essential for developing effective strategies to overcome these obstacles and promote equitable representation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Charpin, Agnès, Ariane Szafarz & Ilan Tojerow (2023): Female corporate owners and female CEOs. In: Economics Letters, Jg. 232. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111285

Abstract

"“Old boys’ club” ownership structures can hamper the empowerment of female talent. We use African data to show that the CEOs of firms with female shareholders are more likely to be women, regardless of the size of female shareholdings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

Keller, Wolfgang, Teresa Molina & William W. Olney (2023): The gender gap among top business executives. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 211, S. 270-286. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.04.017

Abstract

"This paper examines gender differences among top US business executives using a large executive-employer matched data set spanning the last quarter century. Female executives make up 6% of the sample and exhibit more labor market churning – both higher entry and higher exit rates. Unconditionally, women earn 26% less than men, which decreases to 8% once executive characteristics, firm characteristics, and in particular job title are accounted for. We find that female executives are disproportionately represented in firms with more temporal flexibility and female-friendly corporate cultures, but this does not explain the gender pay gap. Rather, corporate culture is correlated with gender pay gaps within firms; specifically the within-firm gender pay gap is significantly smaller at female-friendly firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

O'Brien, Wendy, Clare Hanlon & Vasso Apostolopoulos (2023): Women as leaders in male-dominated sectors: A bifocal analysis of gendered organizational practices. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 30, H. 6, S. 1867-1884. DOI:10.1111/gwao.13019

Abstract

"Women in male‐dominated sectors face significant challenges to progress their leadership aspirations. While organizations have activated policies and practices that ostensibly assist women to progress, they still face entrenched gendered practices and cultures that create ongoing obstacles. In this paper, we examine the gendered social practices from insights of 15 women leaders in Australia as they attempt to advance their careers. In particular, on formal policies, informal practices, narratives and social interactions, and informal patterns of unconscious bias and merit, they negotiate in three male‐dominated sectors: Trades, Sport, and Surgery. The findings indicate a disconnect between policies and their application. Women were conflicted about the importance of quotas, and often felt unable to access flexible work arrangements upon returning to work after parental leave. Career pathways were often unclear, and women felt a lack of support from their organization, particularly when they attempted to navigate dominant masculine cultures. Drawing on these findings, we argue that executive leaders are central to changing the systemic sexism and discrimination in organizations that persist in male‐dominated sectors. To create organizational changes necessary for women to step into leadership roles, we propose four target areas: create accessible and visible career pathways, provide networking support, activate mentoring opportunities, and address unconscious bias." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Zitatform

De Paola, Maria, Francesca Gioia & Vincenzo Scoppa (2022): Female leadership: Effectiveness and perception. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 201, S. 134-162. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2022.07.016

Abstract

"We ran a field experiment to investigate whether individual performance in teams was affected by the gender of the leader. About 430 students from an Italian University took an intermediate exam that was partly evaluated on the basis of teamwork. Students were randomly matched in teams of three and, in each team, we randomly chose a leader entrusted with the task of coordinating the work of the team. We find a positive and significant effect of female leadership on team performance. This effect is driven by the higher performance of team members in female-led teams rather than by an improvement in leader performance. In spite of the higher performance of female-led teams, male members tended to evaluate female leaders as less effective, whereas female members have provided more favorable judgments. Our results are consistent with stereotypically feminine personality traits influencing leadership style and the decision on the amount of effort to exert in a task where females are contravening stereotypical behavior and their traditional societal role." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

Kauhanen, Antti (2022): Gender differences in corporate hierarchies. How and why do the careers of men and women differ? What policies could reduce the differences? (IZA world of labor 358,2), Bonn, 12 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.358.v2

Abstract

"Forschungsergebnisse dokumentieren, dass Männer ihre berufliche Karriere durchweg auf einem höheren Ausgangsniveau der Unternehmenshierarchie starten und mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit befördert werden - die Folge ist eine markante geschlechtsspezifische Einkommenskluft hervor. Geschlechterunterschiede reflektieren sowohl die differierenden Entscheidungen von Frauen und Männern vor und nach ihrem Arbeitsmarkteintritt als auch ihre unterschiedliche Behandlung auf den Arbeitsmärkten. Die Politik konzentriert sich traditionell auf Antidiskriminierungsregeln. Ebenso wichtig sind allerdings Maßnahmen, die sich beruflichen Auszeiten und geschlechtsspezifischem Arbeitszeitangebot sowie sozialen Normen und den psychologischen Aspekten von Geschlechterunterschieden zuwenden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Kulich, Clara, Leire Gartzia, Meera Komarraju & Cristina Aelenei (2021): Contextualizing the think crisis-think female stereotype in explaining the glass cliff: Gendered traits, gender, and type of crisis. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 16, H. 3. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0246576

Abstract

"The glass cliff suggests that women are more likely to access leadership positions when organizations are facing a crisis. Although this phenomenon is well established, it is still largely unknown how variations in types of crises influence the strength of the think crisis-think female association, and whether female leaders and leaders with communal gendered traits are both affected by this association. We hypothesized that selection of stereotypically feminine traits (communal leaders) is specific to a relational crisis because of a fit between leader traits and traits required by the situation. We further expected that the selection of women also extends to other crisis situations because other factors such as their signaling change potential may play a role. We investigated the associations that participants made with candidates who varied across gendered traits and gender and between two crisis situations involving problems with either stereotypically feminine (e.g., an internal disharmony) or masculine (e.g., a financial problem) components, and a no crisis situation control. Results from three experimental studies (Ns = 319, 384, 385) supported our hypotheses by showing that communal leaders were most strongly associated with a relational crisis and least with a financial crisis, with the no crisis context situated in-between. This pattern was explained by higher relevance ratings for communal leadership behavior in the relational crisis versus financial crisis context, with the no crisis context situated in-between. In contrast, female leaders were most strongly associated with the relational crisis and least with the no crisis context, with the financial crisis situated in-between. Specific explanatory mechanisms related to the female-crisis association are explored and discussed. Our findings suggest that implicit motivations for valuing feminine/communal leadership and atypical leaders in crisis situations need further research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Schultheiss, Donna E. (2021): Shining the light on women's work, this time brighter: Let's start at the top. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 126. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103558

Abstract

"As the percentage of women in the workforce grew over the past 50 years, so too began the slow assent of women into leadership roles, revealing a sharp trailing percentage of women from entry level to senior leadership positions. Although men's leadership has been studied extensively, women were largely overlooked in leadership theory and research until the late 1990s. In the context of the global pandemic, the threat to equity in women's work has enormously intensified, resulting in women leaving or considering leaving the workforce at rates that greatly exceed men. Modest gains in women achieving top leadership positions are at risk of being erased, as women face intense increased pressure at work and home. Persistent barriers and inequities in women's advancement to senior leadership are now in the spotlight during these unprecedented times, heightening the urgency to examine the current state and future direction of women's leadership. There is no better time to invest in diversity, equity and inclusion in leadership by turning attention to theory, research, and individual and organizational practices to drive women's advancement and success. This contribution to the 50th anniversary special issue addresses emerging leadership theories, women's leadership aspirations, and importantly, barriers to women's advancement to senior leadership." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

Stojmenovska, Dragana & Paula England (2021): Parenthood and the Gender Gap in Workplace Authority. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 37, H. 4, S. 626-640. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcaa064

Abstract

"This article answers several related questions: does parenthood affect whether women hold positions of authority? Is there a parenthood effect on authority for men? Is the gender gap in authority explained by a more deleterious effect of parenthood on women’s in comparison to men’s representation in positions of authority? Past studies of the relationship between parenthood and workplace authority have been limited in their ability to assess a causal effect of parenthood because most have employed a static approach, measuring the presence of children and the type of job held concurrently, using cross-sectional data. Using retrospective life course data from four rounds of the Family Survey of the Dutch Population and distributed fixed-effects models, we study within-person changes in having supervisory authority among women and men in the years before, around, and after the birth of their first child. The findings show a moderate negative effect of motherhood on women’s representation in authority, which is entirely explained by a reduction in the number of hours worked. Fatherhood has no effect on men’s representation in authority. The gender gap in supervisory authority between women and men grows over time but is already very large years before the transition to first-time parenthood." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Bossler, Mario & Philipp Grunau (2020): Asymmetric information in external versus internal promotions. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 59, H. 6, S. 2977-2998., 2019-05-31. DOI:10.1007/s00181-019-01749-7

Abstract

"Für Beschäftigte existieren zwei Kanäle um eine Führungsposition zu erreichen: die externe und die interne Beförderung. Anhand der neuaufgelegten deutschen Beschäftigtenstatistik vergleichen wir externe und interne Beförderungen mithilfe eines multinomialen Logit-Modells und unter Kontrolle für die Heterogenität zwischen Arbeitgebern. Wir nehmen an, dass die Charakteristika von Beschäftigten abhängig von ihrer Sichtbarkeit innerhalb von Betrieben und über Betriebe hinweg abweichende Einflüsse ausüben. Wir zeigen, dass die Realarbeitszeit für interne Beförderungen eine bedeutsamere Informationsquelle darstellt als für externe. Demgegenüber spielen formale Ausbildungsabschlüsse und die ursprüngliche Aufgabenkomplexität, welche beide auch über Betriebe hinweg sichtbar sind, eine größere Rolle bei externen Beförderungen. Übereinstimmend mit dem Konzept statistischer Diskriminierung unterliegen Frauen und Ausländer bei externen Beförderungen einem stärker ausgeprägten Nachteil. Bei Frauen ist dieses Ergebnis vollständig auf Beförderungen zu Managern bzw. leitenden Angestellten zurückzuführen, welche durch hohe Aufgabenkomplexität gekennzeichnet sind. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Realarbeitszeit einen starken positiven Interaktionseffekt auf die Beförderungsaussichten von Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Bertrand, Marianne, Sandra E. Black, Sissel Jensen & Adriana Lleras-Muney (2019): Breaking the glass ceiling? The effect of board quotas on female labor market outcomes in Norway. In: The Review of Economic Studies, Jg. 86, H. 1, S. 191-239. DOI:10.1093/restud/rdy032

Abstract

"In late 2003, Norway passed a law mandating 40% representation of each gender on the board of public limited liability companies. The primary objective of this reform was to increase the representation of women in top positions in the corporate sector and decrease the gender disparity in earnings within that sector. We document that the women appointed to these boards post-reform were observably more qualified than their female predecessors along many dimensions, and that the gender gap in earnings within boards fell substantially. However, we see no robust evidence that the reform benefited the larger set of women employed in the companies subject to the quota. Moreover, the reform had no clear impact on highly qualified women whose qualifications mirror those of board members but who were not appointed to boards. Finally, we find mixed support for the view that the reform affected the decisions of young women. While the reform was not accompanied by any change in female enrollment in business education programmes, we do see some improvements in labour market outcomes for young women with graduate business degrees in their early career stages; however, we observe similar improvements for young women with graduate science degrees, suggesting this may not be due to the reform. Overall, seven years after the board quota policy fully came into effect, we conclude that it had very little discernible impact on women in business beyond its direct effect on the women who made it into boardrooms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Buser, Thomas & Huaiping Yuan (2019): Do women give up competing more easily? Evidence from the lab and the Dutch Math Olympiad. In: American Economic Journal. Applied Economics, Jg. 11, H. 3, S. 225-252. DOI:10.1257/app.20170160

Abstract

"We use lab experiments and field data from the Dutch Math Olympiad to show that women are more likely than men to stop competing if they lose. In a math competition in the lab, women are much less likely than men to choose competition again after losing in the first round. In the Math Olympiad, girls, but not boys, who fail to make the second round are less likely to compete again one year later. This gender difference in the reaction to competition outcomes may help to explain why fewer women make it to the top in business and academia." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Gruhlich, Julia (2019): Weibliche Führungskräfte. Anzeichen für den Abbau androzentrischer Arbeitsstrukturen oder für die Anpassungsleistung der Subjekte? In: N. Burzan (Hrsg.) (2019): Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen, Göttingen, S. 1-9.

Abstract

"Frauen in Machtpositionen sind nicht mehr gänzlich undenkbar. Gleichwohl bilden weibliche Führungskräfte nach wie vor eine Rarität. In der Frage nach dem Aufstieg einiger weniger Frauen, lassen sich zwei verschiedene Erklärungsansätze polarisieren: Aus voluntaristischer Perspektive und entsprechend eines utilitaristischen Machbarkeitsdenkens ist der geringe Frauenanteil in Führungspositionen eine Frage des fehlenden Wollens oder Könnens der Subjekte. Aus strukturtheoretischer Perspektive wird das Handeln der Individuen durch die Zwänge und Möglichkeiten determiniert, die aus den strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen entstehen. Der geringe Frauenanteil in Führungspositionen wäre demnach das Resultat traditioneller Geschlechterordnung im Privaten, androzentrischer Arbeitsstrukturen und fehlender Fördermechanismen. Der Beitrag unternimmt den Versuch einer Vermittlung zwischen beiden Positionen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Joecks, Jasmin, Kerstin Pull & Katrin Scharfenkamp (2019): Perceived roles of women directors on supervisory boards. Insights from a qualitative study. In: German journal of human resource management, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 5-31. DOI:10.1177/2397002218783925

Abstract

"The (under-)representation of women on corporate boards is much debated among the public as well as in academia. In our exploratory article, we contribute to the literature by investigating women directors' perceived roles by interviewing female as well as male board members and by employing the critical incident technique to address potential problems of social acceptancy. In the perception of board members, women directors fulfil three roles: they widen the boards' perspectives and thus act as (unique) experts, they objectify discussions and they act as mediators." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Kauffeld, Simone & Daniel Spurk (Hrsg.) (2019): Handbuch Karriere und Laufbahnmanagement. (Springer Reference Psychologie), Berlin: Springer London, 1069 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-48750-1

Abstract

"Dieses Handbuch bietet einen interdisziplinären Einblick in verschiedene Forschungs- und Anwendungsfelder des Laufbahnmanagements sowie der Karriereplanung. Die thematische Bandbreite der einzelnen Beiträge reicht von der Berufswahl über die Laufbahnentwicklung, Laufbahnphasen, Laufbahnerfolg, Laufbahnberatung, Karriereentwicklung in Organisationen bis hin zu Austritt aus dem Erwerbsleben, Karriere-Coaching und weiteren Themen. Jedes Thema wird einheitlich gegliedert vorgestellt: Auf ein verständliches Fallbeispiel folgen Hinweise zur aktuellen Relevanz des Themas, ein Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand sowie ein Fazit für die Praxis." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Enterprises globally recognize the imperative of having a gender diverse workplace, including the integral benefits of having women in top decision-making positions. Mounting evidence shows that achieving gender balance and diverse management teams at all levels deliver positive business outcomes.
The second edition of Women in business and management explores the business case for gender diversity in the workplace, women's representation at management and board level and the various success factors that drive enterprise behaviour for inclusion. The report adds to the growing body of evidence that shows many enterprises are actively pursuing initiatives to boost the number of women in their talent pool but also shows that these efforts alone are insufficient. Enterprises still need to translate their policies into concrete action and critically address gender diversity within their organizational culture." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Brown, Ryan, Hani Mansour & Stephen O'Connell (2018): Closing the gender gap in leadership positions: Can expanding the pipeline increase parity? (IZA discussion paper 11263), Bonn, 42 S.

Abstract

"Gender gaps in leadership roles may be reduced by increasing the number of women in career stages that typically precede high-status positions. This can occur by increasing the supply of experienced women, inspiring new female candidates for these positions, and/or changing beliefs about women as leaders. In this study, we investigate whether and how adding women to a career pipeline can reduce gender gaps in higher-ranking positions over time. Specifically, we examine the effects of women's local electoral success on subsequent female candidacy at higher levels of government in India from 1977 to 2014. We use close elections won by women contesting state legislature seats to identify the effect of pipeline expansion on later candidacy for the national parliament. The results indicate that for each additional lower-level seat won by a woman, there is a 30 percent increase in the number of female candidates in subsequent national legislature elections. This effect is driven by new candidates and not by career politicians, and women receive a disproportionately favorable increase in the vote share. These effects are strongest in areas with low levels of existing female political participation and empowerment. The findings are consistent with a mechanism in which exposure reduces bias, allowing for updated beliefs about the viability of latent candidates who then run for higher office." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Guiso, Luigi & Aldo Rustichini (2018): What drives women out of management? The joint role of testosterone and culture. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 109, H. October, S. 221-237. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.10.008

Abstract

"Exploiting variation across communities in indices correlated with women emancipation, we show that in regions where women are less emancipated the average 2D4D Digit Ratio is lower than that of men compared to regions with higher indices, a finding that is consistent with the existence of gender related obstacles into management.
This finding can explain why: (a) fewer women than men are managers; (b) the proportion of women among managers is higher in countries with higher women emancipation; (c) women managers show more masculine traits. Once women enter management, they are equally able than man." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Elsevier) ((en))

Zitatform

Júlíusdóttir, Ólöf, Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir & Þorgerður Einarsdóttir (2018): Top managers and the gendered interplay of organizations and family life. The case of Iceland. In: Gender in management, Jg. 33, H. 8, S. 602-622. DOI:10.1108/GM-03-2017-0028

Abstract

"Iceland, along with the other Nordic countries, is seen as an international frontrunner in gender equality and equal sharing of responsibility for paid and unpaid work is part of the official ideology. Nevertheless, the number of women in leadership positions remains low. The purpose of this study is to analyse the practices that (re)produce power imbalances between women and men in business leadership both at the macro and the micro levels. This is done by using two theoretical explanations: gendered organizational practices and the interplay of organizations and family life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schmidt, Jörg & Oliver Stettes (2018): Frauen in Führungspositionen. Empirische Befunde auf Basis des IW-Personalpanels 2017. (IW-Report / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2018,14), Köln, 43 S.

Abstract

"Seit langer Zeit wird in der Öffentlichkeit kontrovers über die Vertretung von Frauen in Führungspositionen diskutiert. Die vorliegende IW-Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren einen Einfluss auf die Vertretung von Frauen in Führungspositionen in deutschen Unternehmen haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Chu, Yu-Wei Luke & Susan Linz (2017): Gender gap in upward mobility. What is the role of non-cognitive traits? In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 38, H. 6, S. 835-853. DOI:10.1108/IJM-12-2015-0220

Abstract

"Purpose
Do non-cognitive traits contribute to the gender gap in supervisory status and promotion?
Design/methodology/approach
We use a large employer-employee matched dataset collected from six former socialist countries to assess the link between non-cognitive traits and upward mobility.
Findings
Controlling for workplace heterogeneity, we find that gender differences in locus of control, the preference for challenge versus affiliation, and adherence to work ethic together can explain about 7 - 18% of the gender gap in supervisory status and promotion.
Originality/value
Overall, non-cognitive traits provide an important, though modest, explanation for the gender gap in upward mobility." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

Zitatform

Deschacht, Nicki, Ann-Sophie De Pauw & Stijn Baert (2017): Do gender differences in career aspirations contribute to sticky floors? In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 38, H. 4, S. 580-593. DOI:10.1108/IJM-10-2015-0171

Abstract

"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to test hypotheses regarding the importance of employee preferences in explaining sticky floors, the pattern that women are, compared to men, less likely to start to climb the job ladder.
Design/methodology/approach: The authors use original data obtained using a survey and a vignette study in which participants had to score the likeliness with which they would accept job offers with different promotion characteristics.
Findings: The main findings are that young female professionals have a less pronounced preference for more demanding and less routinary jobs and that this effect is mediated by the greater risk aversion and anticipated gender discrimination among women. No gender differences were found in the relative likeliness to apply for jobs that involve a promotion in terms of job authority.
Research limitations/implications: The vignette method assumes that artificial settings with low stakes do not bias results. Another limitation follows from the focus on inter-organizational promotions among young professionals, which raises the question to what extent the results can be generalized to broader settings.
Originality/value: This paper contributes to the literature on gender differences in careers by measuring the impact of employee preferences on gender differences in career decisions." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en))

Zitatform

Dämmrich, Johanna & Hans-Peter Blossfeld (2017): Women's disadvantage in holding supervisory positions. Variations among European countries and the role of horizontal gender segregation. In: Acta sociologica, Jg. 60, H. 3, S. 262-282. DOI:10.1177/0001699316675022

Abstract

"Using the Labour Force Survey 2013, this paper examines gender differences in holding supervisory positions in 26 European countries and relates these differences to horizontal gender segregation, i.e. women and men working in different jobs. First, we confirm the findings of previous studies that women are still disadvantaged in holding supervisory positions in almost all countries. Second, by examining how women's disadvantage varies when working in male-dominated, gender-mixed, and female-dominated occupations, we observe women's lowest disadvantage in male-dominated occupations in most countries. Third, applying a two-stage multilevel analysis, we explore at the macro level how the country variation in women's disadvantage in holding supervisory positions is related to horizontal gender segregation, selection of women in the labour market, and conditions facilitating the combination of work and family, and whether women's disadvantage significantly differs among welfare regimes. We provide evidence that differences among welfare regimes capture much better country variation than single macro indicators." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ellguth, Peter, Susanne Kohaut & Iris Möller (2017): Wo schaffen es Frauen an die Spitze? Eine empirische Analyse mit Betriebsdaten. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 24, H. 2, S. 196-217., 2017-01-08. DOI:10.3224/indbez.v24i2.05

Abstract

"Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche betrieblichen Faktoren die Präsenz von Frauen in Führungspositionen beeinflussen. Hierbei interessiert uns auch die Rolle des Betriebsrats. Für unsere multivariate Analyse nutzen wir das IAB-Betriebspanel 2014 und verwenden Zähldatenmodelle mit der Anzahl Frauen im Führungsteam als abhängiger Variablen. Wir schätzen sowohl Modelle für die erste als auch für die zweite Führungsebene. Für die erste Führungsebene lassen sich Hinweise auf die in der Literatur beschriebenen Barrieren finden, die als gläserne Klippen und Böden bzw. Etagen, auf denen Frauen kleben bleiben, umschrieben werden. Insgesamt vermitteln die Ergebnisse aber vor allem den Eindruck, dass Frauen in 'unattraktiven' Betrieben eher in Führungspositionen zu finden sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fischer, Anna C. & Christa Larsen (2017): Frauenbeschäftigung und Frauen in Führungspositionen. IAB-Betriebspanel Report Hessen 2016. (IAB-Betriebspanel Hessen 2017,02), Frankfurt am Main, 28 S.

Abstract

"Die Ergebnisse des IAB-Betriebspanels zeigen, dass die Zahl der in Hessen beschäftigten Frauen in den vergangenen 15 Jahren kontinuierlich gestiegen ist. Im Jahr 2016 wurde ein bisheriger Höchststand erreicht. Gleichzeitig wird aber auch deutlich, dass nach wie vor strukturelle Differenzen in der Beschäftigtensituation von Frauen und Männern bestehen: Frauen blieben in qualifizierten Tätigkeiten weiterhin unterrepräsentiert, zugleich waren sie deutlich häufiger in Teilzeit oder befristet eingestellt als ihre männlichen Kollegen. In der Konsequenz zeichnen sich die Beschäftigungsverhältnisse von Frauen seltener durch sichere berufliche Positionen und Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten aus." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Graham, Mary E., Maura A. Belliveau & Julie L. Hotchkiss (2017): The view at the top or signing at the bottom? Workplace diversity responsibility and women's representation in management. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 1, S. 223-258. DOI:10.1177/0019793916668879

Abstract

"Women lag men in their representation in management jobs, which negatively affects women's careers and company performance. Using data from 81 publicly traded firms with more than 2,000 establishments, the authors examine the impact of two management structures that may influence gender diversity in management positions. The authors find no association between the presence of an HR executive on the top management team -- a structure envisioned in practice as enhancing diversity but which could, instead, operate merely symbolically -- and the proportion of women in management. By contrast, the authors show a strong, positive association between a previously unexamined measure of commitment to diversity -- the hierarchical rank of the individual certifying the company's required, confidential federal EEO-1 report -- and women's representation in management. These findings counter the common perception that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulations are too weak to affect gender diversity. The authors discuss the implications for diversity scholarship, as well as for management practice and public policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kemfert, Claudia & Olga Egerer (2017): Frauen sind in Top-Positionen der größten Energie- und Verkehrsunternehmen in Deutschland deutlich unterrepräsentiert. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 84, H. 47, S. 1070-1074.

Abstract

"Deutschland hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, den Anteil von Frauen in Führungspositionen deutlich zu erhöhen. Nach wie vor ist dieser aber gering, auch in den jeweils 50 größten Unternehmen des Energie- und Verkehrssektors, wie eine Untersuchung des DIW Berlin zeigt. Demnach sind Frauen in Vorstands,- Aufsichtsrats- und Verwaltungsgremien dieser Unternehmen deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Vor allem die Vorstandspositionen der TOP-50-Energieunternehmen werden vornehmlich mit Männern besetzt. Der Anteil von Frauen liegt bei unter sechs Prozent, während ihr Anteil unter den Beschäftigten in den untersuchten Unternehmen bei knapp 30 Prozent liegt. Der Gender Leadership Gap ist dementsprechend besonders hoch. Nur drei der 50 umsatzstärksten Energieunternehmen haben eine Frauenquote im Vorstand von mehr als 30 Prozent. Der Anteil von Frauen in Aufsichtsräten ist hingegen deutlich höher und liegt bei über 20 Prozent aller untersuchten Unternehmen. Insgesamt erfüllen 13 von 50 Unternehmen die gesetzlich feste oder freiwillige Quote von 30 Prozent Frauen in den Aufsichtsräten. In den TOP-50-Unternehmen des Verkehrs- und Logistiksektors ist der Anteil von Frauen auf Vorstandsebene nur geringfügig höher, im Bereich der Aufsichts- und Verwaltungsgremien in etwa genauso hoch wie im Energiesektor. Der Zugang von Frauen zu den höchsten Führungspositionen muss dringend verbessert werden. Hier sind Politik, zum Beispiel mit Maßnahmen zur besseren Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, und Unternehmen mit gezielten Fördermaßnahmen für weibliche Führungskräfte gefragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lammers, Joris & Anne Gas (2017): Stressing the advantages of female leadership can place women at a disadvantage. In: Social psychology, Jg. 48, H. 1, S. 28-39. DOI:10.1027/1864-9335/a000292

Abstract

"Women are still underrepresented in management and men hold the majority of higher positions. Nonetheless, one often-heard claim in popular media is that female people-centered leadership skills (empathy, communication, etc.) are a better match for the business world - especially in the future. Furthermore, a related idea is that women may use this advantage to take over men's dominant position in leadership. Four studies show that such claims paradoxically maintain gender inequality, by undermining support for affirmative action to reduce female underrepresentation in leadership. Where earlier research shows that positive stereotypes can hurt women by suggesting that they are unqualified for leadership, the current findings show that even positive stereotypes that claim that women are particularly well qualified for leadership can hurt women in their chances for gaining leadership positions. Although it is good to highlight the advantages of female leadership, exaggerated and sensationalist claims contribute to a perpetuation of gender inequality." (Author's abstract, © 2017 Hogrefe Publishing) ((en))

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Lellé, Noëmi (2017): Arrivierte Frauen. Der riskante Weg in Spitzenpositionen der Wirtschaft. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 304 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-16740-0

Abstract

"Noëmi Lellé untersucht das Phänomen der Untervertretung von Frauen im Deutschschweizer Kaderarbeitsmarkt. Die Autorin hält fest, dass umso weniger Frauen auszumachen sind, je höher eine Position ist. Bourdieus Denkwerkzeuge, insbesondere sein Konzept der männlichen Herrschaft (vgl. Bourdieu 2005) bildet die theoretische Grundlage der Analyse und das Forschungsinteresse richtet sich auf den weiblichen Habitus. Geschlecht wird als eine historisch kontingente Art des Seins definiert und Prozesse der Naturalisierung von Geschlecht und Arbeitsteilung der Produktions- und Reproduktionsarbeit werden aufgedeckt. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie das zweigeschlechtliche Ordnungsprinzip institutionalisiert ist und permanent reziprok reproduziert wird. Diese Ordnung der Gesellschaft wird hier als Geschlechterordnung im Rahmen einer Soziologie des Geschlechts und der Arbeitssoziologie untersucht." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Mai, Christian, Marion Büttgen & Dominik Schwarzinger (2017): "Think-Manager-Consider-Female": Eine Analyse stereotypischer Ansichten über weibliche Führungskräfte und die empirische Überprüfung ihrer realen Persönlichkeit anhand der Big Five und Dunklen Triade. In: Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung, Jg. 69, H. 2, S. 119-152. DOI:10.1007/s41471-016-0022-9

Abstract

"Obwohl weiblichen Führungskräften oft mehr Leistungsbereitschaft zugeordnet wird, ist der Anteil von Frauen in Führungspositionen niedrig. Diese Unterrepräsentanz wird in der vorliegenden Studie auf Basis implizierter Führungsforschung und der Role Congruity Theory analysiert. Dabei wird ein Überblick zu den sich annähernden Stereotypen weiblicher und männlicher Führungskräfte gegeben. Für eine empirische Ergründung dieses Annäherungsprozesses werden aktuell vorherrschende Persönlichkeitseigenschaften mittels Big Five und Dunkler Triade bei insgesamt 332 Führungskräften untersucht und in Vergleich zueinander sowie zu allgemeinen Bevölkerungsdaten gesetzt. Für weibliche Führungskräfte lassen sich klare Alpha-Ausprägungen ableiten, wobei die Ergebnisse kaum Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern zeigen. Implikationen für Praxis und Forschung werden diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Weissenrieder, Caprice Oona, Regine Graml, Tobias Hagen & Yvonne Ziegler (2017): Ist die gläserne Decke noch aktuell? Untersuchung wahrgenommener Aspekte der Unternehmenskultur und der geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in Karrierechancen. In: Gender, Jg. 9, H. 1, S. 115-132. DOI:10.3224/gender.v9i1.08

Abstract

"Das Thema der geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in den Karrierechancen ist aktuell und wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. Verschiedene Studien belegen, dass im europäischen Vergleich in Deutschland das Potenzial, insbesondere bei gut ausgebildeten Frauen, nicht signifikant ausgeschöpft wird. Die vorgestellte Studie gibt Aufschluss darüber, wie Frauen und Männer unternehmenskulturelle Aspekte - Beziehungen und Netzwerke, MitarbeiterInnenförderung, Stellenbesetzung und Rekrutierung sowie Präsenz am Arbeitsplatz - in Bezug auf ihre Karriereperspektiven wahrnehmen. Die Studie basiert auf einer Online-Befragung von Personen in Führungspositionen oder mit Führungspotenzial eines deutschen Großunternehmens." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Artz, Benjamin & Sarinda Taengnoi (2016): Do women prefer female bosses? In: Labour economics, Jg. 42, H. October, S. 194-202. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.09.003

Abstract

"The participation of women in the labor force has grown significantly over the past 50 years, and with this, women are increasingly holding managerial and supervisory positions. Yet little is known about how female supervisors impact employee well-being. Using two distinct datasets of US workers, we provide previously undocumented evidence that women are less satisfied with their jobs when they have a female boss. Male job satisfaction, by contrast, is unaffected. Crucially our study is able to control for individual worker fixed effects and to identify the impact of a change in supervisor gender on worker well-being without other alterations in the worker's job." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))

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Bossler, Mario, Alexander Mosthaf & Thorsten Schank (2016): More female manager hires through more female managers? Evidence from Germany. (IZA discussion paper 10240), Bonn, 40 S.

Abstract

"This paper investigates if there is state dependence in the gender composition of managers in German establishments. We analyze whether the number of hired female managers (respectively the share of females within hired managers) depends on the past hiring decisions of an establishment. Using administrative data, we apply dynamic linear models and dynamic tobit models accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and the endogeneity of lagged dependent variables. We find that an increase of female manager hires in present leads to more female hired managers in the future. Similarly, the number of male Manager hires also exhibits state dependence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bossler, Mario & Philipp Grunau (2016): Asymmetric information in external versus internal promotions. (IAB-Discussion Paper 11/2016), Nürnberg, 34 S.

Abstract

"Für Beschäftigte existieren zwei Kanäle um eine Führungsposition zu erreichen: die externe und die interne Beförderung. Anhand der neuaufgelegten deutschen Beschäftigtenstatistik vergleichen wir externe und interne Beförderungen mithilfe eines multinomialen Logit-Modells und unter Kontrolle für die Heterogenität zwischen Arbeitgebern. Wir nehmen an, dass die Charakteristika von Beschäftigten abhängig von ihrer Sichtbarkeit innerhalb von Betrieben und über Betriebe hinweg abweichende Einflüsse ausüben. Wir zeigen, dass die Realarbeitszeit für interne Beförderungen eine bedeutsamere Informationsquelle darstellt als für externe. Demgegenüber spielen formale Ausbildungsabschlüsse und die ursprüngliche Aufgabenkomplexität, welche beide auch über Betriebe hinweg sichtbar sind, eine größere Rolle bei externen Beförderungen. Übereinstimmend mit dem Konzept statistischer Diskriminierung unterliegen Frauen und Ausländer bei externen Beförderungen einem stärker ausgeprägten Nachteil. Bei Frauen ist dieses Ergebnis vollständig auf Beförderungen zu Managern bzw. leitenden Angestellten zurückzuführen, welche durch hohe Aufgabenkomplexität gekennzeichnet sind. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Realarbeitszeit einen starken positiven Interaktionseffekt auf die Beförderungsaussichten von Frauen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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De Paola, Maria, Michela Ponzo & Vincenzo Scoppa (2016): Are men given priority for top jobs? Investigating the glass ceiling in the Italian academia. (IZA discussion paper 9568), Bonn, 21 S.

Abstract

"We aim to investigate if men receive preferential treatment in promotions using the Italian system for the access to associate and full professor positions that is organized in two stages: first, candidates participate in a national wide competition to obtain the National Scientific Qualification (NSQ), then successful candidates compete to obtain a position in University Departments opening a vacancy. We investigate the probability of success in the two stages in relation to the candidate's gender, controlling for several measures of productivity and a number of individual, field and university characteristics. Whereas no gender differences emerge in the probability of obtaining the NSQ, females have a lower probability of promotion at the Department level. Gender gaps tend to be larger when the number of available positions shrink, consistent with a sort of social norm establishing that men are given priority over women when the number of positions is limited." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Dezso, Christian L., David Gaddis Ross & Jose Uribe (2016): Is there an implicit quota on women in top management? A large-sample statistical analysis. In: Strategic management journal, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 98-115. DOI:10.1002/smj.2461

Abstract

"This article advances strategic management by developing a data-driven simulation method to analyze how the characteristics of a group influence the characteristics of the group's components. We apply our method to the underrepresentation of women in the top management of S&P 1,500 firms. Although extant research suggests that the presence of women in top management could be self-reinforcing, we theorize and provide strong evidence that women face an implicit quota, whereby a firm's leadership makes an effort to have a small number of women in top management, but makes less effort to have, or even resists having, larger numbers of women. In consequence, the presence of a woman on a top management team reduces the likelihood that another woman occupies a position on that team." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kohaut, Susanne & Iris Möller (2016): Führungspositionen in der Privatwirtschaft: Im Osten sind Frauen öfter an der Spitze. (IAB-Kurzbericht 02/2016), Nürnberg, 8 S.

Abstract

"Auf der obersten Führungsebene privatwirtschaftlicher Betriebe in Deutschland sind Frauen immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Daran hat sich auch in den letzten zehn Jahren wenig verändert. Auf der zweiten Führungsebene haben Frauen deutlich bessere Chancen. Allerdings sind sie auch hier nicht so vertreten, wie es ihrem Anteil an den Beschäftigten entsprechen würde. In Ostdeutschland sind Frauen sowohl auf der ersten als auch auf der zweiten Führungsebene häufiger vertreten als im Westen und im Dienstleistungsbereich sind sie öfter in Führungspositionen zu finden als in anderen Branchen. Eine Maßnahme, die Frauen beim Aufstieg in Top-Positionen unterstützen könnte, wird bislang in jedem zehnten Unternehmen praktiziert: Führen in Teilzeit." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Sardelis, Stephanie & Joshua A. Drew (2016): Not "pulling up the ladder". Women who organize conference symposia provide greater opportunities for women to speak at conservation conferences. In: PLoS one, Jg. 11, H. 7, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0160015

Abstract

"The scientific community faces numerous challenges in achieving gender equality among its participants. One method of highlighting the contributions made by female scientists is through their selection as featured speakers in symposia held at the conferences of professional societies. Because they are specially invited, symposia speakers obtain a prestigious platform from which to display their scientific research, which can elevate the recognition of female scientists. We investigated the number of female symposium speakers in two professional societies (the Society of Conservation Biology (SCB) from 1999 to 2015, and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) from 2005 to 2015), in relation to the number of female symposium organizers. Overall, we found that 36.4% of symposia organizers and 31.7% of symposia speakers were women at the Society of Conservation Biology conferences, while 19.1% of organizers and 28% of speakers were women at the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists conferences. For each additional female organizer at the SCB and ASIH conferences, there was an average increase of 95% and 70% female speakers, respectively. As such, we found a significant positive relationship between the number of women organizing a symposium and the number of women speaking in that symposium. We did not, however, find a significant increase in the number of women speakers or organizers per symposium over time at either conference, suggesting a need for revitalized efforts to diversify our scientific societies. To further those ends, we suggest facilitating gender equality in professional societies by removing barriers to participation, including assisting with travel, making conferences child-friendly, and developing thorough, mandatory Codes of Conduct for all conferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Steffens, Melanie C. & Irena D. Ebert (2016): Frauen - Männer - Karrieren. Eine sozialpsychologische Perspektive auf Frauen in männlich geprägten Arbeitskontexten. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 207 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-10750-5

Abstract

"Wieso verdienen Frauen weniger Geld als Männer? Was hindert ihren Aufstieg in Führungspositionen? Das vorliegende Buch trägt die sozialpsychologische Fachliteratur über den Einfluss des Geschlechts auf Wahrnehmung und Handlung im Arbeitsumfeld allgemeinverständlich zusammen. Damit liefert es einen praktisch nutzbaren umfassenden Einblick in aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse. Das dargestellte Wissen sollten Personalverantwortliche und Gleichstellungsbeauftragte kennen, und es kann in verschiedenen Situationen des Arbeitsalltags gewinnbringend genutzt werden. Das Buch stellt sozialpsychologische Ergebnisse vor und beleuchtet auf deren Basis praktische Fragestellungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Tonn, Julia Jane (2016): Frauen in Führungspositionen. Ursachen der Unterrepräsentanz weiblicher Führungskräfte in Unternehmen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 268 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-10910-3

Abstract

"Julia Tonn untersucht, inwiefern organisationale Strukturen und Prozesse bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen in Führungspositionen privatwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen in Deutschland beteiligt sind. Die Fragestellung folgt demnach dem New Structuralism. Die Autorin analysiert in diesem Fall die geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheit mithilfe von Konzepten und Theorien der Organisationsforschung. Dazu hat sie im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie die Gründe der Unterrepräsentanz in der Praxis erhoben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Trenkmann, Jeannette (2016): Frauen in Führungspositionen der deutschen Privatwirtschaft. Eine institutionensoziologische Analyse organisationaler Gleichstellungspolitik. Wiesbaden: Springer, 225 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-15767-8

Abstract

"In ihrer qualitativen Einzelfallstudie widmet sich Jeannette Trenkmann der Frage, warum gleichstellungspolitische Maßnahmen in Unternehmen der deutschen Privatwirtschaft wirkungslos bleiben. Zur Beantwortung dieser sowohl aus praktischer als auch theoretischer Sicht hochrelevanten Problematik identifiziert die Autorin, wer zur Institutionalisierung betrieblicher Gleichstellungspolitik - und somit zu mehr Frauen in Führungspositionen - wie und warum beiträgt und stellt dabei organisationale Akteurinnen und Akteure und deren geleistete Institutionenarbeit in den Vordergrund. Die Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, Chancen- und Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in Unternehmen tatsächlich erfolgreich und nachhaltig herzustellen." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"The report includes an analysis of nearly 400 financial services organizations in 32 countries, a survey of 850 financial services professionals around the world and interviews of more than 100 senior female and male leaders.
Female representation is growing on financial services boards (20% in 2016) and executive committees (16% in 2016), but progress is slow. At current rates of growth, financial services globally will reach 30 percent female executive committee representation by 2048 only. Moreover, progress seems to have slowed in some geographies, compared to what we found out in 2014.
In this report we have also identified the critical point in many women's careers: the mid-career conflict, where the costs and benefits of a career in financial services seem to be out of balance for many." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Albrecht, James, Peter Skogman Thoursie & Susan Vroman (2015): Parental leave and the glass ceiling in Sweden. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2015,04), Uppsala, 28 S.

Abstract

"In this paper, we update and extend 'Is There a Glass Ceiling in Sweden?' (Albrecht et al. 2003) by documenting the extent to which the gender log wage gap across the distribution in Sweden has changed over the period 1998-2008. We then examine the Swedish glass ceiling in 2008 in more detail by documenting how it differs for white-collar versus blue-collar workers and for private- versus public-sector workers. We also examine when in the life cycle the glass ceiling effect arises and how this effect develops around the birth of the first child. Finally, we investigate the possible connection between the glass ceiling and the parental leave system in Sweden by linking wage data with data on parental leave from different Swedish registers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Beaufaÿs, Sandra (2015): Die Freiheit arbeiten zu dürfen. Akademische Laufbahn und legitime Lebenspraxis. In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 40-58.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag blickt aus kultursoziologischer Perspektive auf wissenschaftliche Karrieren. Er stellt die These auf, dass die Lebenspraxis, die von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern verkörpert wird, gleichzeitig eine vergeschlechtlichte Distinktionspraxis ist. Über die Verkörperung einer legitimen Lebensführung wird eine spezifisch akademische Männlichkeit hervorgebracht und symbolisch aufgeladen. Diese Distinktionspraxis wirkt als Zugangshürde für 'neue Akteure' und als symbolisches Kapital für die bereits Etablierten. Die Folge ist für manche, insbesondere für Frauen, ein definitiver Karriereausschluss, zumindest aber ein höherer Eintrittspreis für diejenigen, die nicht unmittelbar an die legitime wissenschaftliche Praxis anschließen. Die empirische Grundlage der Argumentation bilden qualitative Interviews mit Mitgliedern der Leitungsebene von Exzellenzeinrichtungen sowie mit Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftlern auf ersten Führungspositionen im Rahmen der Exzellenzinitiative." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bröckel, Miriam, Anne Busch-Heizmann & Katrin Golsch (2015): Headwind or tailwind: do partners' resources support or restrict promotion to a leadership position in Germany? In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 31, H. 5, S. 533-545. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcv054

Abstract

"In Germany, as in other modern societies, a low representation of women in top positions remains a stable form of gender inequality in the labour market. This article examines the extent to which a partner's labour market and financial resources influence gender-specific probabilities of obtaining a leadership position. Well-established theories are examined that provide different assumptions as to how partners' resources can affect occupational careers. This article adds to the existing body of research by applying a relational perspective on couples' resources. To resolve the research question, data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study (waves 1984 - 2010) are used in a longitudinal design employing event history analysis (N?=?11,050 men and N?=?8,988 women). The results show that partners' relative resources play a significant role in the promotion to the top: Whereas for women their own comparative advantage is particularly important, especially for men higher resources of the partner are beneficial. The results can be explained by negotiation processes as well as with a transfer of social capital. Additionally, both genders profit from homogamous partnership constellations. Overall, women's chances of gaining a leadership position appear to be more determined by partners' relative resources than it is the case for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))