Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Der Ausbau des Niedriglohnsektors sollte Ende der 1990er Jahre die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren. Als Niedriglohn gilt ein Arbeitsentgelt, das trotz Vollzeitbeschäftigung keine angemessene Existenzsicherung gewährleistet – die OECD definiert den ihn als einen Bruttolohn, der unterhalb von zwei Dritteln des nationalen Medianbruttolohns aller Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegt. Betroffen von Niedriglöhnen sind überdurchschnittlich häufig Personen ohne beruflichen Abschluss, jüngere Erwerbstätige und Frauen.
Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Das IAB-Themendossier erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
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Literaturhinweis
Ideational Power or Political Demand? Tracing the Logics of In-Work Benefit Reforms in France and the United Kingdom (2025)
Zitatform
Robertson, Ewan (2025): Ideational Power or Political Demand? Tracing the Logics of In-Work Benefit Reforms in France and the United Kingdom. In: Political studies, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1177/00323217251340856
Abstract
"In recent decades, numerous welfare states have implemented in-work benefits to ‘make work pay’ and tackle in-work poverty. To explain the adoption and institutionalization of this instrument, studies tend to emphasize either socio-political demand or ideational influences as motivators of policy decisions. However, the relative importance of these causal logics, and the relationship between them, remains ambiguous. To advance this debate, this article examines in-work benefit reforms in two welfare states: France and the United Kingdom. Examining reforms from the late 1990s to the 2010s, findings suggest that policy change and convergence were driven by an ideational rather than a demand-based logic. Reforms were more strongly motivated by the shared interpretive frameworks of policymakers and their instrumental use of ideas (ideational power) rather than the demands of voters and organized interests. This finding on the specific drivers of in-work benefits contributes wider insights into the roles of ideas in public policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious Masculinities: Migrant Working Men’s Masculinities as Self-Exploitation in a Mediterranean Restaurant in Glasgow (2025)
Zitatform
Theodoropoulos, Panos & Sam Lawton-Westerland (2025): Precarious Masculinities: Migrant Working Men’s Masculinities as Self-Exploitation in a Mediterranean Restaurant in Glasgow. In: Work, Employment and Society, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1177/09500170251336990
Abstract
"Drawing on a covert ethnography of a Mediterranean restaurant in Glasgow, this article analyzes how practices characteristic of hegemonic masculinity are incorporated by male migrant workers in the process of crafting labor identities. Building on Connell’s framework of hegemonic masculinity, the researchers found that performances of masculinity operated in a way that, while allowing subjects to feel some degree of power, also ultimately reinforced the individualising pressures promoted by the labor process. It is therefore argued that hegemonic masculinity is critical in providing an avenue through which experiences of exploitation are naturalised by precarious labor workforces." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times (2025)
Zitatform
Warren, Tracey, Luis Torres, Clare Lyonette & Ruth Tarlo (2025): Class, gender and the work of working‐class women amid turbulent times. In: The British journal of sociology, Jg. 76, H. 1, S. 96-113. DOI:10.1111/1468-4446.13147
Abstract
"The article focuses on the work of working-class women (WCW) amid turbulent times. Its timespan is just prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The women's work, and the key skills involved, are fundamental to everyday lives, but both have been under-valued and under-rewarded. The pandemic shone a fresh light on the societal importance of this work and highlighted how its under-valuation and the women's systemic low pay and inferior working conditions have serious ramifications not only for individual workers and their families but for the provision of key services. The article centres WCW, at the intersection of classed and gendered disadvantage, to ask about inequalities in work experiences. Analysing nationally representative samples of thousands of workers in the UK prior to and as Covid-19 rolled out, we compare WCW with other workers. We show that the women faced both persistent and new inequalities at work: enduring low earnings, pandemic-led risks to jobs and paid hours, little opportunity to work from home or flexibly, and stressful key working roles. We reveal the heavily classed nature of some of these findings, show that others were more strongly gendered, while still others were classed and gendered outcomes that require intersectional analyses of the women's working lives." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Precarious employment and associations with socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported health in Wales, UK (2024)
Zitatform
Gray, B.J., M.L. Griffiths, R.G. Kyle, K.R. Isherwood, C. Humphreys & A.R. Davies (2024): Precarious employment and associations with socio-demographic characteristics and self-reported health in Wales, UK. In: Public health, Jg. 236, S. 452-458. DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.08.015
Abstract
"Objectives: The study's aim was to explore the prevalence of precarious employment (PE) in Wales prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associations with PE domains across socio-demographics and self-reported health. Study design: A cross-sectional design was used to explore the prevalence of PE in Wales prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020. Methods: Data were collected from a national household survey carried out in May/June 2020, with a sample of 1032 residents in Wales. PE was determined using the Employment Precariousness Scale. Associations between experiencing PE and socio-demographic/health characteristics were examined using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models (multinomial and binary). Results: Overall, before the pandemic, one in four respondents (26.5%) was in PE, with the most prevalent domains, wages, and disempowerment being experienced by at least 50% of respondents. Worse perceived treatment at work was twice as likely in those reporting pre-existing conditions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.45 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.33–4.49]), poorer general health (aOR: 2.33 95% CI: [1.22–4.47]), or low mental wellbeing (aOR: 2.81 95% CI: [1.34–5.88]). Those with high wage precariousness were three times more likely to report low mental wellbeing (aOR 3.12 95% CI [1.54–6.32]). Conclusions: The creation and Provision of secure, adequately paid job opportunities has the potential to reduce the prevalence of PE in Wales. Targeting such employment opportunities to those people currently unwell would have better population health gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum Wage and Skills - Evidence from Job Vacancy Data (2023)
Andrieu, Elodie; Kuczera, Malgorzata;Zitatform
Andrieu, Elodie & Malgorzata Kuczera (2023): Minimum Wage and Skills - Evidence from Job Vacancy Data. (TPI working papers / The Productivity Institute 034), Manchester, 62 S.
Abstract
"Low-wage occupations tend to be populated by workers with low levels of education. An increase in the minimum wage, while designed to protect workers in the lower part of the wage distribution, might result in unintended consequences for those same workers. In this paper, we study firms’ reaction to higher minimum wages, exploiting a change to the minimum-wage policy in the UK in 2016. We document how an increase in the minimum wage affects the labour hiring for different education and technical skill levels of workers. The results show that an increase in the minimum wage compressed both the demand for low educated workers and the demand for workers with low levels of technical skills (tech workers) for graduates in low and middle skilled occupations. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that a large and unexpected change to the minimum wage led to a 11 percentage point decrease in the proportion of non-graduate vacancies and a 15 percentage point decline in the share of low-tech ads. There is evidence for labour-labour substitution at the low-end of the skill distribution and labour-technology substitution for more educated workers as a way to compensate for labour costs increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young retail shift workers (not) planning their future: working with customers in the 24/7 service society in the transition to adulthood (2022)
Zitatform
Dordoni, Annalisa (2022): Young retail shift workers (not) planning their future: working with customers in the 24/7 service society in the transition to adulthood. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 42, H. 13/14, S. 66-80. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2022-0060
Abstract
"Purpose: The retail sector is not largely studied in Italy. The study offers a comparison between youth retail shift work in Milan and London. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the one hand on youth work and on the other hand to the debate on agency and structural factors in life planning, representation of the future and the transition to adulthood, observed in the United Kingdom's and Italian labour market. Even if the second one is a Southern European Country, these contexts are both characterised by a service-oriented economy and the widespread of precarious and flexible jobs. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative methods were used: one year of ethnographic observation, 50 interviews and two focus groups were carried out between 2015 and 2018 with retail workers and trade unionists. The contexts are Corso Buenos Aires in Milan, Italy, and Oxford Street in London, United Kingdom. Analysing young workers' discourses, the author identifies narratives that allow to grasp their present agency and imagined future. Findings: Observing the crisis of the narrative (Sennett, 2020) allows to highlight the social consequences of working times on young workers' everyday life and future. The author argues that young workers struggle with the narrative of their present everyday life and the representation of the future. This relates to the condition of time alienation due to the flexible schedules and the fast pace of work in retail, both affecting the work-life balance. Originality/value: The social consequences of flexible schedules in retail and fast fashion sector, which are new issues not yet sufficiently explored, are here investigated from the perspective of young workers. The study is focussed on the representations of young people working with customers in social and economic contexts characterised by flexible schedules and the deregulation of shop openings, the so-called 24/7 service society, not largely investigated in the sociological scientific literature, above all in the Italian context." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wage and tolerance for inequality (2022)
Zitatform
Fazio, Andrea & Tommaso Reggiani (2022): Minimum wage and tolerance for inequality. (MUNI ECON working paper 2022-07), Brno, 19 S.
Abstract
"We suggest that people advocate for equality also because they fear income losses below a given reference point. Stabilizing their baseline income can make workers more tolerant of inequality. We present evidence of this attitude in the UK by exploiting the introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW), which institutionally set a baseline pay reducing the risk of income losses for British workers at the bottom of the income distribution. Based on data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that workers that benefited from the NMW program became relatively more tolerant of inequality and more likely to vote for the Conservative party." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Minimum Income Standard and equivalisation: reassessing relative costs of singles and couples and of adults and children (2021)
Hirsch, Donald ; Math, Antoine; Padley, Matt ; Pereirinha, José; Pereira, Elvira ; Thornton, Robert; Concialdi, Pierre;Zitatform
Hirsch, Donald, Pierre Concialdi, Antoine Math, Matt Padley, Elvira Pereira, José Pereirinha & Robert Thornton (2021): The Minimum Income Standard and equivalisation. Reassessing relative costs of singles and couples and of adults and children. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 50, H. 1, S. 148-167. DOI:10.1017/S0047279419001004
Abstract
"Equivalence scales, used to compare incomes across household types, strongly influence which households have low reported income, affecting public policy priorities. Yet they draw on abstract, often dated evidence and arbitrary judgements, and on comparisons across the income distribution rather than focusing on minimum requirements. Budget standards provide more tangible comparisons of the minimum required by different household types. The Minimum Income Standard (MIS) method, now established in several countries, applies a common methodological framework for compiling budgets, based on public deliberations. This article draws for the first time on results across countries. In all of the four countries examined, it identifies an under-estimation by the OECD scale of the relative cost of children compared to adults, and, in three of the four, an under-estimation of the cost of singles compared to couples. This more systematically corroborates previous, dispersed evidence, and helps explain which specific expenditure categories influence these results. These results have high policy relevance, showing greater proportions of low income households to contain children than standard income distribution data. While no single equivalence scale can be universally accurate, making use of evidence based directly on benchmarks such as MIS can help inform public priorities in tackling low income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment and the gender gap in low pay for UK employees: what changed over the period 1996–2016? (2021)
Zitatform
Nightingale, Madeline (2021): Part-time employment and the gender gap in low pay for UK employees: what changed over the period 1996–2016? In: Community, work & family, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 272-290. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2019.1681938
Abstract
"This article assesses the contribution of part-time employment to the gender gap in low pay for UK employees 1996–2016. Over this period, there has been a sustained decline in the importance of part-time employment as a contributing factor to the gender gap in low pay. This is largely due to the fact that the link between part-time employment and low pay has become weaker over time (shifts in the gender composition of the part-time workforce are found to be less important). However, part-time work continues to play a crucial role in shaping persistent gender inequality in low pay for UK employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Low Income Gap: A New Indicator Based on a Minimum Income Standard (2020)
Zitatform
Hirsch, Donald, Matt Padley, Juliet Stone & Laura Valadez-Martinez (2020): The Low Income Gap. A New Indicator Based on a Minimum Income Standard. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 149, H. 1, S. 67-85. DOI:10.1007/s11205-019-02241-6
Abstract
"In many high-income countries, governments seek to ensure that households at least have sufficient incomes to afford basic essentials such as food and clothing, but also to help citizens reach socially acceptable living standards allowing full participation in society. Their success in doing so is commonly monitored in terms of how many citizens are below a poverty line set relative to median income, and by how far below it they fall (the 'poverty gap'). Yet the threshold below which this gap starts to be measured is arbitrary, begging the question of what level of low income needs addressing. A more ambitious measure, presented in this paper, considers the extent to which people fall short of a benchmark representing a socially agreed minimum standard. This 'low income gap' can be used to represent the distance a society has to go to eliminate income that is undesirably low. The paper presents the indicator, its meaning and some recent trends in the United Kingdom, where the methodology behind the indicator has been pioneered. The results demonstrate that this empirically derived benchmark has the potential to be of value in other countries, in assessing whether they are making progress in reducing low income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping-stone or dead end: To what extent does part-time employment enable progression out of low pay for male and female employees in the UK? (2020)
Zitatform
Nightingale, Madeline (2020): Stepping-stone or dead end: To what extent does part-time employment enable progression out of low pay for male and female employees in the UK? In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 49, H. 1, S. 41-59. DOI:10.1017/S0047279419000205
Abstract
"Using data from Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Survey, this article explores the relationship between working part-time and progression out of low pay for male and female employees using a discrete-time event history model. The results show that working part-time relative to full-time decreases the likelihood of progression out of low pay, defined as earning below two-thirds of the median hourly wage. However, part-time workers who transition to full-time employment experience similar rates of progression to full-time workers. This casts doubt on the idea that part-time workers have lower progression rates because they have lower abilities or work motivation and reinforces the need to address the quality of part-time jobs in the UK labour market. The negative effect of working part-time is greater for men than for women, although women are more at risk of becoming trapped in low pay in the sense that they tend to work part-time for longer periods of time, particularly if they have children. Factors such as childcare policy and Universal Credit (UC) incentivise part-time employment for certain groups, although in the right labour market conditions UC may encourage some part-time workers to increase their working hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should we clash or should I go? The impact of low wage and poor working conditions on the exit-voice trade-off (2019)
Zitatform
Godechot, Olivier & Zinaïda Salibekyan (2019): Should we clash or should I go? The impact of low wage and poor working conditions on the exit-voice trade-off. In: Labour, Jg. 33, H. 4, S. 425-449. DOI:10.1111/labr.12155
Abstract
"We use two linked employer - employee datasets to adapt Hirschman's model of consumer behaviour into the labour market and to argue that dissatisfaction with pay should favour exit while dissatisfaction with working conditions should favour voice. A deterioration of our working conditions index increases the probability of participation in collective action when an increase in log hourly wage decreases the probability of quitting. A rationale for this trade-off is based on information: first, information on the price of alternative options is more accessible than information on their quality; second, voice produces more information than exit and favours opportunities for specific improvements." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Tax credits and in-work poverty in the UK: an analysis of income packages and anti-poverty performance (2019)
Zitatform
Hick, Rod & Alba Lanau (2019): Tax credits and in-work poverty in the UK. An analysis of income packages and anti-poverty performance. In: Social policy and society, Jg. 18, H. 2, S. 219-236. DOI:10.1017/S1474746418000118
Abstract
"This article examines the relationship between tax credits and in-work poverty, drawing on the findings from a major national study on in-work poverty. We present an analysis of (i) the income packages of working families and (ii) the performance of tax credits in relation to anti-poverty objectives, drawing on data from the Households Below Average Income survey between 2004/5 and 2014/15. Our study generates five novel findings, including that tax credits reduce the poverty gap of recipient households by two-thirds; that tax credit cuts post-2010/11 have served to focus payments on single parent families and households with greater numbers of children; and that tax credits make up just one third of the social security income of working households. We argue that understanding in greater depth the interaction between tax credits and income adequacy amongst working families is necessary to provide a firmer foundation for an effective assault on in-work poverty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The British low-wage sector and the employment prospects of the unemployed (2019)
Zitatform
Plum, Alexander (2019): The British low-wage sector and the employment prospects of the unemployed. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 51, H. 13, S. 1411-1432. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2018.1527454
Abstract
"Are low wages a way for the unemployed to switch to higher-paying jobs? Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, the labour market dynamics of unemployed, low-paid and higher-paid employed men are analysed. Moreover, the respective (un)employment duration and occupational skill level are accounted for. Results show that in general low wages significantly reduce the risk of future unemployment and increase the chances of ascending the salary ladder, especially in the case of long-term unemployment (>360 days). Furthermore, the occupational skill level has a substantial influence on the upward mobility of low-paid jobs: individuals working in the initial period in a low-paid and higher-skilled occupation have on average an 11 percentage points higher probability of entering higher pay compared to when working in a low-paid and low-skilled occupation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Local unemployment changes the springboard effect of low pay: Evidence from England (2019)
Zitatform
Plum, Alexander & Gundi Knies (2019): Local unemployment changes the springboard effect of low pay: Evidence from England. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 14, H. 11. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0224290
Abstract
"There is considerable debate on whether the employment and earnings prospects are better for those on low pay or for the unemployed. Low-pay work tends to be undertaken more locally but no empirical analysis has focused on how local opportunities alter prospects. Using Understanding Society data for England matched with local unemployment rates, we estimate dynamic random effects panel models, which show robust evidence that the future unemployment risk is lower for those who are currently on low pay compared to those who are currently unemployed. The low-paid also have a higher chance than the unemployed of becoming higher-paid. These findings are most marked in neighbourhoods with high unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Real wages, amenities and the adjustment of working hours across local labour markets (2019)
Zitatform
Schlüter, Teresa (2019): Real wages, amenities and the adjustment of working hours across local labour markets. In: Papers in regional science, Jg. 98, H. 3, S. 1291-1316. DOI:10.1111/pirs.12413
Abstract
"High prices that are not offset by equally high incomes are often seen as an affordability problem. To get by, poorer workers in these areas might have to work longer hours. Alternatively, lower real wages might indicate a more desirable place to live and induce high-income people to trade off cash for leisure time. Both interpretations suggest a link between real wages and an individual's labour supply choice. Using panel data, I observe how working hours change, when workers move place. I find that working hours increase by 0.42% for a 10% decrease of local real wage. The effect is stronger for low-skilled workers at the bottom of the wage distribution, indicating an affordability mechanism that might further exacerbate inequality." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Poverty trends in Germany and Great Britain: the impact of changes in labour markets, families, and social policy (2018)
Zitatform
Brülle, Jan (2018): Poverty trends in Germany and Great Britain. The impact of changes in labour markets, families, and social policy. (Research), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 319 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-20892-9
Abstract
"Jan Brülle shows how poverty risks in Germany between 1992 and 2012 increased concentrated on those with low educational levels, in lower occupational positions, and with precarious employment careers, as the country's welfare state failed to adapt to widening inequalities in households' market incomes. Contrasting the German experience with Great Britain, where social transfers to low-income families in concert with favourable labour market conditions helped to reduce poverty between 1992 and the global financial crisis, he presents the most comprehensive comparative study on poverty trends in these two countries to date. Moving beyond a cross-sectional perspective on poverty, the author analyses why it became not only more frequent in Germany, but also more persistent in individual life-courses, and why faster exits have driven the decline in poverty in Great Britain." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low income dynamics among ethnic minorities in Great Britain (2018)
Zitatform
Hernandez, Victor Perez, Ricky Kanabar & Alita Nandi (2018): Low income dynamics among ethnic minorities in Great Britain. (ISER working paper 2018-06), Colchester, 55 S.
Abstract
"Using data from Understanding Society, and robust estimation methods we find that Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups have the highest poverty entry rates (23-26%), followed by Indian, black Caribbean and black African groups (9-11%) and the white majority (6%). Indians and Pakistani's have the highest poverty persistence rates (66%), white majority the lowest (52%), the remaining groups around 55%. We find consider- able within group heterogeneity: for most groups, education of the head of household (HoH) and household employment rate reduces poverty entry risk, while the presence of children increases it (education does not matter for black African and Bangladeshi groups and presence of children for Bangladeshi, black Caribbean and black African groups). We also find that living in London reduces the risk of poverty entry for Indians and white majority while ill-health of the HoH increases the poverty entry risk for white majority. The only factor that affects the risk of poverty persistence is household type although the type of household that matters varies across ethnic group. We also show that simple models which ignore initial poverty status and non-random attrition in estimating poverty persistence and poverty entry, underestimate (overestimate) the magnitude of poverty persistence for the Indian (black African) groups. Finally, we find scarring effects of experiencing poverty for black African and white majority groups." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The 'Great Recession' and low pay in Europe (2018)
Vacas-Soriano, Carlos;Zitatform
Vacas-Soriano, Carlos (2018): The 'Great Recession' and low pay in Europe. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 24, H. 3, S. 205-220. DOI:10.1177/0959680117715932
Abstract
"This article contributes to the literature on low-paid work by analysing the shares of low-paid employment in the period 2006 - 2014 and the underlying causes. I use an inflation-adjusted low-pay threshold anchored at 60 percent of median wages to assess the impact of the Great Recession, which increased the share of low-paid employees in two-thirds of European countries and in the EU as a whole. This was driven by a general decline in real wages, which was particularly intense in European periphery countries and at the bottom of the wage distribution as well as among employees with shorter tenure. However, compositional effects either prevented a larger expansion of low-pay shares by masking the real extent of the wage correction or were generally negligible in driving low-pay shares. Moreover, growing part-time employment emerges as a significant source of low-paid work from the onset of the crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Improving productivity and job quality of low-skilled workers in the United Kingdom (2018)
Zitatform
Zwart, Sanne & Mark Baker (2018): Improving productivity and job quality of low-skilled workers in the United Kingdom. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1457), Paris, 36 S. DOI:10.1787/14dfd584-en
Abstract
"More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth. Furthermore, unlike most other countries, young adults do not have stronger basic skills than the generation approaching retirement. The lack of skills development starts at young ages and continues in secondary education; despite a modest reduction in recent years, the educational attainment gap between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students remains high. The low participation in lifelong learning of low-skilled individuals puts them at risk of falling behind in meeting the changing skill demands of the dynamic labour market. Ongoing reforms to the vocational education and training (VET) system and apprenticeship system should have a positive impact on low-skilled productivity, enabling students to gain the necessary basic skills and for workers to find quality jobs. Improving the targeting of active labour market policies, and ensuring that the ongoing increases in the national living wage are delivered in a sustainable way will also play an important role in improving job quality and reducing the high rate of youth neither employed or in education or training. Policy responses to the rise of non-standard work will also be essential in improving the job quality of the low-skilled." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Money-related meanings and practices in low-income and poor families (2017)
Zitatform
Daly, Mary (2017): Money-related meanings and practices in low-income and poor families. In: Sociology, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 450-465. DOI:10.1177/0038038515616355
Abstract
"This article focuses on the meanings and repertoires of action associated with money in low-income and poverty circumstances. Based on interviews with 51 people, the analysis reveals how people on a low income actively engage with money as a way of situating themselves in their complex worlds. Money is investigated at two levels: praxis and orientation regarding spending, and as part of self-identity. In regard to spending, people displayed two main repertoires: one was functional (viewing money as a way of meeting material need) and the second relational (with money interpreted in regard to relationships and upholding of personal and familial values). These repertoires in turn link into self-understanding and world view. For people in poverty and low income, money can be a disabler, detracting from a valued identity and sense of future but a counter, more positive, orientation normalises lack of money, by reference to skills and character development and core values and relationships. The research as a whole underlines the complexity of money in low-income or poverty settings, the agency and creativity which people bring to its use and the diverse meanings they invest it with." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnicity and low wage traps: favouritism, homosocial reproduction and economic marginalization (2017)
Hudson, Maria; Netto, Gina ; Lima, Philomena de ; Kamenou-Aigbekaen, Nicolina; Sosenko, Filip ; Noon, Mike ;Zitatform
Hudson, Maria, Gina Netto, Mike Noon, Filip Sosenko, Philomena de Lima & Nicolina Kamenou-Aigbekaen (2017): Ethnicity and low wage traps. Favouritism, homosocial reproduction and economic marginalization. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 31, H. 6, S. 992-1009. DOI:10.1177/0950017016674898
Abstract
"This article analyses the relationship between cultural difference, social connections and opportunity structures using interview evidence from low-paid workers and managers in local government, the health service, facilities management and housing. Exploring the operation of homosocial reproduction it reveals the double-edged nature of informality and the role of favouritism in particular in perpetuating ethnic advantage and privilege. While demonstrating that uses of homosocial reproduction need to be sensitive to intersections of identities or categories of difference, the article adds further evidence of the persistent gap between equal opportunities policies and practice for ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom labour market. The article concludes that stronger forms of positive action, and even positive discrimination, are needed to address the low pay traps and restricted opportunities of ethnic minority workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Exclusionary employment in Britain's broken labour market (2016)
Zitatform
Bailey, Nick (2016): Exclusionary employment in Britain's broken labour market. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1, S. 82-103. DOI:10.1177/0261018315601800
Abstract
"There is growing evidence of the problematic nature of the UK's 'flexible labour market' with rising levels of in-work poverty and insecurity. Yet successive governments have stressed that paid work is the route to inclusion, focussing attention on the divide between employed and unemployed. Past efforts to measure social exclusion have tended to make the same distinction. The aim of this article is to apply Levitas et al.'s (2007) framework to assess levels of exclusionary employment, i.e. exclusion arising directly from an individual's labour market situation. Using data from the Poverty and Social Exclusion UK survey, results show that one in three adults in paid work is in poverty, or in insecure or poor quality employment. One third of this group have not seen any progression in their labour market situation in the last five years. The policy focus needs to shift from 'Broken Britain' to Britain's broken labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low paid employment in Britain: estimating state-dependence and stepping stone effects (2016)
Zitatform
Cai, Lixin, Kostas Mavromaras & Peter Sloane (2016): Low paid employment in Britain. Estimating state-dependence and stepping stone effects. (IZA discussion paper 9633), Bonn, 35 S.
Abstract
"Using 18 waves of the British Household Panel Study, this paper examines state dependence and stepping stone effects of low pay. A distinguishing feature is that five types of transition- not in the labour force (NILF), unemployment, self-employment, low pay and higher pay are modelled separately. The results show that both state dependence and stepping stone effects of low pay are present. However, there is no evidence to support a low-pay no-pay cycle. The introduction of the national minimum wage does not appear to have affected state-dependence and stepping stone effects of low pay." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-skill jobs or jobs for low-skilled workers?: An analysis of the institutional determinants of the employment rates of low-educated workers in 19 OECD countries, 1997 - 2010 (2015)
Zitatform
Abrassart, Aurélien (2015): Low-skill jobs or jobs for low-skilled workers? An analysis of the institutional determinants of the employment rates of low-educated workers in 19 OECD countries, 1997 - 2010. In: Journal of European social policy, Jg. 25, H. 2, S. 225-241. DOI:10.1177/0958928715573485
Abstract
"We often hear that the high unemployment rates of low-educated workers in Europe are due to the rigidities of the institutions increasing the labour costs that burden employers. In this article, we challenge this traditional view and offer alternative explanations to the cross-national variation in the employment rate of low-educated workers. Using macro-data and an error correction model, we analyse the determinants of the creation of jobs for low-educated workers in 19 countries between 1997 and 2010. Our findings tend to invalidate the neoliberal view, while also pointing to the positive impact of investing in public employment services and the predominant role of economic growth, which can be weakened by union density and employment protection in the case of male workers. Last but not least, creating low skill jobs has no or little impact on the employment outcomes of low-educated workers, thus indicating job displacement issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die geschlechterspezifische Strukturierung des Niedriglohnsektors: eine vergleichende Perspektive auf Frankreich, Großbritannien, Schweden und Deutschland (2015)
George, Roman;Zitatform
George, Roman (2015): Die geschlechterspezifische Strukturierung des Niedriglohnsektors. Eine vergleichende Perspektive auf Frankreich, Großbritannien, Schweden und Deutschland. (Arbeit - Demokratie - Geschlecht 21), Münster: Verl. Westfälisches Dampfboot, 278 S.
Abstract
"Niedriglohnarbeit findet sich besonders oft in feminisierten Segmenten des Arbeitsmarkts. Der Vergleich zwischen Frankreich, Großbritannien, Schweden und Deutschland zeigt allerdings auf, dass sich die Ausmaße und die Strukturen der Geschlechterungleichheiten deutlich unterscheiden. Roman George geht dem in seiner Studie nach und arbeitet die Länderunterschiede hinsichtlich der Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen, des Ausbildungssystems und des Sozialstaats heraus. So liefert er nicht zuletzt auch Ansatzpunkte für eine gleichstellungsorientierte Politik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Differences in the patterns of in-work poverty in Germany and the UK (2015)
Zitatform
Giesselmann, Marco (2015): Differences in the patterns of in-work poverty in Germany and the UK. In: European Societies, Jg. 17, H. 1, S. 27-46. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2014.968796
Abstract
"This study analyses differences in individual-level working poverty determinants between Germany and the UK. These differences are linked to institutional patterns at the country level. Here, we observe that the two countries differ especially in bargaining centralisation, employment protection legislation and family policy. At the same time, the levels of decommodification and labour market regulation are no longer core differences in the institutional settings of Germany and the UK, which is interpreted as a consequence of Germany's departure from a traditional conservative regime since the mid-1990s. Adopting economic and sociological approaches, we explain how Germany's closed employment system channels the effects of deregulation policies to the periphery of the labour market. Additionally, we argue that open employment relationships that dominate in the UK put specifically older employees at risk. Finally, we identify country-specific differences in the economic dependency of women, resulting from a stronger male breadwinner orientation of family policy in Germany. Accordingly, multivariate analyses based on harmonised versions of the British Household Panel Study (2002 - 2005) and the Socio-Economic Panel Study (2003 - 2006) reveal that entrants and re-entrants to the labour market, women and - unexpectedly - low-educated persons are particularly affected by in-work poverty in Germany; whereas older workers are more likely to face precarious economic conditions in the UK." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Breaking the low pay, no pay cycle: the effects of the UK employment retention and advancement programme (2015)
Zitatform
Hendra, Richard, James Riccio, Richard Dorsett & Philip Robins (2015): Breaking the low pay, no pay cycle. The effects of the UK employment retention and advancement programme. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 4, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1186/s40173-015-0042-9
Abstract
"This paper presents the final economic results of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) programme. ERA's distinctive combination of post-employment advisory support and financial incentives was designed to help low-income individuals who entered work sustain employment and advance in the labour market. ERA targeted three groups. ERA produced short-term earnings gains for two lone parent target groups. However, these effects generally faded after the programme ended, largely because the control group caught up with the ERA group. For the New Deal 25 Plus target group (mostly long term unemployed men), ERA produced modest but sustained increases in employment and earnings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does neighbourhood unemployment affect the springboard effect of low pay? (2015)
Zitatform
Plum, Alexander & Gundi Knies (2015): Does neighbourhood unemployment affect the springboard effect of low pay? (ISER working paper 2015-20), Colchester, 34 S.
Abstract
"There is considerable debate on whether the employment and earnings prospects are better for those on low pay or for the unemployed. We use Understanding Society data for England and estimate dynamic random effects panel models which show robust evidence that the future unemployment risk is lower for those who are currently on low pay compared to those who are currently unemployed and the low-paid also have a higher chance than the unemployed of becoming higher-paid. These findings are most marked in neighbourhoods with high unemployment which is attributable to the much poorer prospects of the unemployed in these neighbourhoods." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The 'living wage', low pay and in work poverty: rethinking the relationships (2014)
Zitatform
Bennett, Fran (2014): The 'living wage', low pay and in work poverty. Rethinking the relationships. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 46-65. DOI:10.1177/0261018313481564
Abstract
"The 'living wage' is an idea with a long history in the UK currently enjoying a renaissance. This article explores possible reasons for its reemergence as a policy demand, but argues that thinking of low pay primarily as 'poverty pay' caused by employers' failure to pay a living wage raises practical and conceptual issues that are problematic. It examines to what extent recent attempts to resolve such issues in the UK and elsewhere have succeeded, and concludes by suggesting that alternative ways of analysing and addressing the two key issues associated with the living wage, low pay and in work poverty, are required." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Accounting for big-city growth in low-paid occupations: immigration and/or service-class consumption (2014)
Gordon, Ian Richard; Kaplanis, Ioannis;Zitatform
Gordon, Ian Richard & Ioannis Kaplanis (2014): Accounting for big-city growth in low-paid occupations. Immigration and/or service-class consumption. In: Economic geography, Jg. 90, H. 1, S. 67-90. DOI:10.1111/ecge.12026
Abstract
"The growth of 'global cities' in the 1980s was supposed to have involved an occupational polarization, including the increase in low-paid service jobs. Although held to be untrue for European cities at the time, some such growth did emerge in London a decade later than first reported for New York. The question is whether there was simply a delay before London conformed to the global city model or whether another distinct cause was at work in both cases. This article proposes that the critical factor in both cases was actually an upsurge of immigration from poor countries that provided an elastic supply of cheap labor. This hypothesis and its counterpart based on the growth in elite jobs are tested econometrically for the British case with regional data spanning 1975 - 2008, finding some support for both effects, but with immigration from poor countries as the crucial influence in late 1990s London." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The search for an 'asset-effect': what do we want from assetbased welfare? (2014)
Gregory, James;Zitatform
Gregory, James (2014): The search for an 'asset-effect': what do we want from assetbased welfare? In: Critical social policy, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 475-494. DOI:10.1177/0261018314536134
Abstract
"This article calls for a critical revaluation of the case for asset-based welfare as a progressive strategy for greater social inclusion. Whilst there is a strong case for helping low-income households to build a financial cushion, the idea that there is a stronger 'asset-effect' - with positive benefits beyond financial stability and access to goods and services - is unsupported by current evidence. Recent interpretations of that evidence have tended to claim a unique asset-effect that could in fact be achieved by other means. The idea of an asset-effect is also normatively opaque in the current debate, with little clarity on the deeper issue of the individual behaviours that the 'effect' is intended to create. This leaves an ambiguity in the relationship between asset-based welfare and the rights and duties of citizenship; a lacuna that is easily exploited by ideologies of self-sufficiency at the expense of more egalitarian accounts of social inclusion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Cognitive skills matter: the employment disadvantage of low-educated workers in comparative perspective (2013)
Zitatform
Abrassart, Aurélien (2013): Cognitive skills matter: the employment disadvantage of low-educated workers in comparative perspective. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 707-719. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs049
Abstract
"It is now a widely acknowledged fact that the low-educated workers are facing important risks of labour market exclusion in modern economies. However, possessing low levels of educational qualifications leads to very different situations from one country to another, as the cross-national variation in the unemployment rates of these workers attest. While conventional wisdom usually blames welfare states and the resulting rigidity of labour markets for the low employment opportunities of low-educated workers, empirical evidence tends to contradict this predominant view. Using microdata from the International Adult Literacy Survey that was conducted between 1994 and 1998, we examine the sources of the cross-national variation in the employment disadvantage of low-educated workers in 14 industrialized nations. In particular, we test the validity of the conventional theories concerning the supposedly harmful effect of labour market regulation against a new and promising hypothesis on the importance of cognitive skills for the employment opportunities of the low-educated workers. Our findings support the latter and suggest that the greater the cognitive gap between the low-educated workers and those with intermediate education, the lower the chances of being employed for the former relatively to their higher educated counterparts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low pay persistence in Europe (2013)
Zitatform
Clark, Ken & Nikolaos C. Kanellopoulos (2013): Low pay persistence in Europe. In: Labour economics, Jg. 23, H. August, S. 122-134. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2013.04.014
Abstract
"Using panel data for twelve European countries over the period 1994-2001 we estimate the extent of state dependence in low pay for male workers. Controlling for observable and unobservable heterogeneity as well as the endogeneity of initial conditions we find positive, statistically significant state dependence in every single country. The magnitude of this effect varies by country, however this variation is not systematically related to labour market institutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
National minimum wage and employment of young workers in the UK (2013)
Fidrmuc, Jan; Tena, J. D.;Zitatform
Fidrmuc, Jan & J. D. Tena (2013): National minimum wage and employment of young workers in the UK. (CESifo working paper 4286), München, 30 S.
Abstract
"We analyze the impact of the UK national minimum wage (NMW) on the employment of young workers. The previous literature found little evidence of an adverse impact of the NMW on the UK labor market. We focus on the age-related increases in the NMW at 18 and 22 years of age. Using regression discontinuity design, we fail to find any effect of turning 22. However, we find a significant and negative employment effect for male workers at 21, which we believe to be an anticipation effect. We also find a negative effect for both genders upon turning 18. The age-related NMW increases may have an adverse effect on employment of young workers, with this effect possibly occurring already well in advance of reaching the threshold age." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Services offshoring and wages: evidence from micro data (2013)
Zitatform
Geishecker, Ingo & Holger Görg (2013): Services offshoring and wages. Evidence from micro data. In: Oxford economic papers, Jg. 65, H. 1, S. 124-146. DOI:10.1093/oep/gpr055
Abstract
"This paper investigates the effects of services offshoring on wages using individual-level data combined with industry information on offshoring for the United Kingdom. Our results show that services offshoring affects the real wage of low- and medium-skilled individuals negatively. By contrast, skilled workers may benefit from services offshoring in terms of higher real wages. Hence, offshoring has contributed to a widening of the wage gap between skilled and less skilled workers. This result is obtained while controlling for individual and sectoral observed and unobserved heterogeneity. In particular, our empirical model also controls for the impact of technological change and offshoring of materials." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mindestlöhne und X-Effizienz (2013)
Hoffeld, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Hoffeld, Wolfgang (2013): Mindestlöhne und X-Effizienz. (International vergleichende Schriften zur Personalökonomie und Arbeitspolitik 22), München: Hampp, 165 S.
Abstract
"Über das Für und Wider gesetzlicher Mindestlöhne wird seit jeher sowohl auf politischer als auch auf wissenschaftlicher Ebene intensiv diskutiert. Für die Kritiker eines gesetzlichen Mindestlohnes stellt der potenzielle Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit das Hauptargument gegen gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Lohnuntergrenzen dar. Allerdings deutet die empirische Evidenz der vergangenen Jahre immer seltener auf den intuitiv zu erwartenden negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Mindestlöhnen und Beschäftigung hin. Insbesondere konnten bislang keine substanziellen negativen Effekte der Mindestlohneinführung in Großbritannien im Jahr 1999 identifiziert werden. Im Vordergrund der Untersuchung steht die Hypothese, dass die Mindestlohneinführung in Großbritannien zu einer Erhöhung der Effizienz in der Produktion der stärker betroffenen Unternehmen geführt hat. Diese Hypothese stützt sich auf das sogenannte 'Schock-Argument' des Mindestlohnes, wonach eine Mindestlohneinführung oder eine Mindestlohnerhöhung als exogener Schock für die betroffenen Unternehmen interpretiert wird. Anhand von Unternehmensdaten aus der Datenbank FAME sowie eines speziellen Datensatzes zur Branche der britischen Pflegeheime wird die Frage nach einer effizienzsteigernden Wirkung der Mindestlohneinführung in Großbritannien mithilfe der Data-Envelopment-Analyse untersucht, die erstmals in diesem Kontext angewendet wird. Die Ergebnisse lassen auf einen positiven Einfluss des Mindestlohnes auf die Effizienz der betroffenen Unternehmen schließen. Die Arbeit leistet somit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erklärung des Phänomens beschäftigungsneutraler bindender Mindestlöhne." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
A regional analysis of flows into and out of the UK National Minimum Wage (2013)
Jones, M. K.; Murphy, P. D.; Latreille, P. L.; Sloane, P. J.; Jones, R. J.;Zitatform
Jones, M. K., R. J. Jones, P. L. Latreille, P. D. Murphy & P. J. Sloane (2013): A regional analysis of flows into and out of the UK National Minimum Wage. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 45, H. 21, S. 3074-3087. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2012.695069
Abstract
"This article utilizes the panel element of the UK Labour Force Survey (LFS) to identify for individual regions total inflows and outflows and hazards for those individuals paid at or below the National Minimum Wage (NMW). In particular, it examines the extent and direction of the correlation between low-pay inflows and outflows and the economic cycle. Further, it examines the impact of regional variations in the bite of the NMW on regional flows into and out of the NMW." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages: A view from the UK (2013)
Zitatform
Manning, Alan (2013): Minimum wages: A view from the UK. In: Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 14, H. 1/2, S. 57-66. DOI:10.1111/pers.12004
Abstract
"In the past economists were generally hostile to the idea of a minimum wage regarding those who supported the policy as being economically illiterate. But the balance of professional opinion has also shifted. In this article I will describe the evidence that has led to this position, largely seen through the experience of the UK with the introduction of its National Minimum Wage (NMW) in 1999. The article will set out a brief history of minimum wages in the UK, then summarize the evidence on the impact of the NMW on employment and wage inequality and then briefly describe the lessons that might be learned for Germany." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Still evidence-based? The role of policy evaluation in recession and beyond: the case of the National Minimum Wage (2012)
Zitatform
Butcher, Tim (2012): Still evidence-based? The role of policy evaluation in recession and beyond: the case of the National Minimum Wage. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 219, H. 1, S. R26-R40. DOI:10.1177/002795011221900104
Abstract
"This article explains the role of evidence in determining the recommendations made by the Low Pay Commission (LPC) for the National Minimum Wage (NMW). First, it sets out the process of recommending the minimum wage including the role of evidence. Second, it summarises the evidence available on the impact of the minimum wage before discussing how that evidence has informed the recommendations for the adult rate of the minimum wage in the LPC's reports. It concludes by assessing the extent to which the NMW might be regarded as a success and considers whether the recent financial crisis will alter the evidence-based approach so far adopted by the LPC." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Minimum wages and wage inequality: some theory and an application to the UK (2012)
Zitatform
Butcher, Tim, Richard Dickens & Alan Manning (2012): Minimum wages and wage inequality. Some theory and an application to the UK. (CEP discussion paper 1177), London, 33 S.
Abstract
"Research suggests that, at the levels set in countries like the US and the UK, minimum wages have little effect on employment but do have impacts on wage inequality. However we lack models that can explain these facts - this paper presents one based on imperfect labour markets. The paper also investigates the impact of the UK's National Minimum Wage on wage inequality finding it can explain a sizeable part of the evolution of wage inequality in the bottom half of the distribution in the period 1998-2010. We also present evidence that the impact of the NMW reaches up to 40% above the NMW in 2010 which corresponds to the 25th percentile. These spillovers are larger in low-wage segments." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time-limited in-work benefits in the UK: a review of recent evidence (2012)
Chowdry, Haroon;Zitatform
Chowdry, Haroon (2012): Time-limited in-work benefits in the UK. A review of recent evidence. In: National Institute Economic Review, Jg. 219, H. 1, S. R53-R64. DOI:10.1177/002795011221900106
Abstract
"This paper reviews three UK-based welfare-to-work programmes featuring time-limited financial incentives to leave out-of-work benefits for employment. The policies considered are (i) the Employment Retention and Advancement demonstration, aimed at lone parents and the long-term unemployed; (ii) In-Work Credit, aimed at lone parents on welfare; (iii) Pathways to Work, aimed at recipients of incapacity benefits. I illustrate the difficulties in extrapolating from specific findings to general policy-relevant conclusions. Finally, I depict the challenge facing evaluators in future and point to the directions in which evaluation will need to develop if it is to contribute more fully to policy-relevant evaluation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Health at work and low pay: a European perspective (2012)
Zitatform
Cottini, Elena (2012): Health at work and low pay. A European perspective. In: The Manchester School, Jg. 80, H. 1, S. 75-98. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02250.x
Abstract
"This study investigates the relationship between health, working conditions and pay in Europe. In particular, I measure health at work using self-assessed indicators for overall, as well as physical and mental health, exploiting the 2005 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 15 EU countries. I find that, controlling for personal and firm characteristics (adverse) working conditions are associated with poor health status - both physical and mental. Low pay plays a role, mainly for men and when interacted with working conditions, suggesting that stigma and deprivation effects may be correlated with health at work. I also account for the potential endogeneity arising from workers sorting by firms and job types with different working conditions, and provide evidence of a causal effect of (adverse) working conditions and (low) pay on health at the workplace." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Service offshoring and the skill composition of labour demand (2012)
Zitatform
Crinò, Rosario (2012): Service offshoring and the skill composition of labour demand. In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 74, H. 1, S. 20-57. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2010.00634.x
Abstract
"This article studies the effects of service offshoring on the skill composition of labour demand, using novel comparable data for nine Western European countries between 1990 and 2004. The results show that service offshoring raises the relative demand for high- and medium-skilled workers. Its effects are qualitatively identical, and quantitatively similar, to those of material offshoring. Additional evidence suggests, however, that the two types of offshoring may work through different channels: complementarity between imported services and domestic skills in the case of service offshoring, substitution of low-skilled labour in the case of material offshoring. Overall, the effects are not large in economic terms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The administration and impact of a national minimum wage: lessons for Germany (2012)
Zitatform
Dolton, Peter (2012): The administration and impact of a national minimum wage. Lessons for Germany. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 45, H. 3/4, S. 201-208., 2011-12-31. DOI:10.1007/s12651-012-0121-y
Abstract
"The problem of trying to estimate what the effect of the minimum wage will have on employment (or any other outcome) has puzzled economists for over 150 years. Some factions in Germany have recently contemplated supplementing their extensive system of sector and branch minimum wages with a National Minimum Wage (NMW). Perhaps some of the most valuable lessons for Germany can be drawn from the UK which introduced such a NMW as recently as 1999. This article provides an overview of recent evidence from the UK and other countries on the effects of the NMW and lessons to be drawn from instituting such a policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The spatial analysis of the employment effect of the minimum wage in a recession: the case of the UK 1999-2010 (2012)
Zitatform
Dolton, Peter, Chiara Rosazza Bondibene & Michael Stops (2012): The spatial analysis of the employment effect of the minimum wage in a recession. The case of the UK 1999-2010. (Research reports commissioned for the Low Pay Commission Report 2012), London, 61 S.
Abstract
"This report assesses the impact of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) on employment in the UK over the 1999-2010 period explicitly modelling the effect of the 2008-10 recession. Identification is facilitated by using variation in the bite of the NMW across local labour markets with the use of the 'incremental differences-in-differences' (IDiD) estimator. We explicitly take account of the spatial nature of local labour markets by using commuting patterns to weight our estimation. We find that, even controlling for clear regional recessionary factors, there are small positive employment effects of the NMW from 2003-6, when the average bite of the NMW was at its highest since its introduction." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment, inequality and the UK National Minimum Wage over the medium-term (2012)
Zitatform
Dolton, Peter, Chiara Rosazza-Bondibene & Jonathan Wadsworth (2012): Employment, inequality and the UK National Minimum Wage over the medium-term. In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 74, H. 1, S. 78-106. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00653.x
Abstract
"We assess the impact of the national minimum wage (NMW) on employment and inequality in the UK over the decade since its introduction. We evaluate its effects in each year, using an incremental differences-in-differences (IDiD) estimator. Identification is based on variation in the bite of the NMW across local labour markets and the different sized year on year up-ratings. We find that an increased bite of the NMW is associated with falls in lower tail wage inequality. While the average employment effect over the entire period is broadly neutral, there are small but significant positive NMW effects from 2003 onwards." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Alternativen zu Mini- und Midijobs? Die Beispiele Frankreich und Vereinigtes Königreich (2012)
Zitatform
Herzog-Stein, Alexander & Werner Sesselmeier (2012): Alternativen zu Mini- und Midijobs? Die Beispiele Frankreich und Vereinigtes Königreich. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 65, H. 1, S. 41-49. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2012-1-41
Abstract
"Mit den 2003 eingeführten Minijobs waren die Zielvorstellungen verbunden, näher an die Normalarbeitsverhältnisse heranzurücken, zudem Übergänge zu diesen zu schaffen, aber auch im Unterschied zu den Normalarbeitsverhältnissen so attraktiv für die Arbeitnehmer zu sein, dass damit schattenwirtschaftliche Tätigkeiten abgebaut würden. Trotz des hohen Umfangs an Minijobs scheint man den damit verbundenen Zielen nicht näher gekommen zu sein. Der Beitrag untersucht vergleichbare Instrumente im Vereinigten Königreich und in Frankreich. In beiden Ländern existieren explizite Lohnzuschüsse, die im Unterschied zu Deutschland im Einkommensteuersystem verankert sind, in Kombination mit Förderschwellen und Mindestlöhnen. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Brückenfunktion mit dieser Instrumentenkombination effektiver funktioniert als die Minijob-Regelungen in Deutschland." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Capacities and vulnerabilities in precarious work: the perspective of employees in European low wage work. Synthesis report on employees' experiences and work trajectories for Workpackage 7 of the walqing project (2012)
Hohnen, Pernille;Zitatform
Hohnen, Pernille (2012): Capacities and vulnerabilities in precarious work. The perspective of employees in European low wage work. Synthesis report on employees' experiences and work trajectories for Workpackage 7 of the walqing project. Wien, 174 S.
Abstract
"The report discusses work and life quality in new and growing jobs from an individual perspective. The empirical data on which the analysis is based consists of 22 country reports investigating elderly care, cleaning, catering, waste collection and construction in 11 different countries (4-5 countries per sector, see the matrix table below). Each country report is based on 20-25 individual semi-structured interviews with employees working in the selected sector and business functions.
The report consists of this introduction, five chapters, each focusing on one sector, and a conclusion. The chapters follow the same structure by starting with a brief introduction of the main characteristics of work in the sector. The remaining part of each chapter is organized into four sections. The first concentrates on workers' perceptions of the main quality of work and life issues. Then follows a section on agency, career trajectories and career options. The next section examines vulnerability in work and processes of vulnerabilization in the sector. Finally, the last section discusses workers' aspirations and capacities to aspire, followed by a summary and conclusion. The last concluding chapter discusses cross-sector findings in terms of the impact of new and growing jobs on individual lives, and highlights some trends in the present labour market and their possible implications for vulnerability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Theorie
- Politik und Maßnahmen
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter